Tài liệu Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT part 17 pptx

Integrated Essay - 149

TASK: Rate the show-support essay above using the Integrated Essay Rating
Guide on page 316. Compare your rating to the one on page 339.













The reading classifies animal behavior three ways: diurnal,
crepuscular and nocturnal. Diurnal animals are active during
the day and sleep at night. Crepuscular animals are active at
dawn and dusk. Nocturnal animals hunt at night and rest
during the day. An example of a nocturnal animal is the bat.

The lecture develops the example of the bat. First, there are
mega bats or fruit bats. They live in Africa, Asia and Oceania
and eat fruit and flowers which they locate by smell and with

their excellent eyesight. As they eat, seeds from the fruit fall to
the forest floor and new trees grow. This is good for the
environment because new trees replace the old ones. Mega
bats also pollinate. When they eat a flower, their bodies get
covered with pollen which they carry to other flowers. The
lecture says without mega bats pollinating, we would have no
peaches or bananas.

Next the lecture talks about micro bats or small bats. Micro
bats use echolocation to find insects to eat. Like mega bats,
micro bats are also good for the environment. In one night, a
micro bat called the vesper bat can eat approximately 1,000
mosquitoes. By doing so, they control the mosquito population.

These examples add to and support the reading.

Words: 212
Revise your first draft using your revision checklist.

Step #5
Submit your essay.

Step #6
150 - Integrated Essay
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TASK: For each of the following tasks, use G+3TiC=C and the six steps to
demonstrate OPDUL=C
in your show-support integrated essay. Check each for
proficiency using the Integrated Essay Proficiency Checklist on page 314. Rate each
using the Integrated Essay Rating Guide on page 316.



Directions: Read the following passage. You have 3 minutes.

Now listen to a lecture on the same topic.



After you listen to the lecture, read the prompt.







TASK: You have 20 minutes to write your response.


The American Civil War was fought between the northern and the southern
states from 1861 to 1865. It was a bloody war. A total of 618,000 soldiers
died. More soldiers died in the American Civil War than in all of America’s
wars combined, from the Revolutionary War right on up to the Iraq War.
The Civil War started when the South withdrew from the Union. The South
accused the federal government of being a dictatorship intent on denying
the southern states the right to set their own laws, particularly in regard to
the right to own slaves. The first shot of the Civil War was fired at the
supply ship Star of the West on January 10, 1861 when it was trying to
resupply the Union Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, South Carolina. The
last shot of the war, however, is in dispute. Some think it was fired by a
rebel soldier on May 6, 1865 in White Sulphur Springs, North Carolina while

others contend that it was fired by the CSS Shenandoah, a southern ship
firing upon Union whalers in Alaska on June 28, 1865. Historians agree that
the actual fighting of the war ended when Robert E. Lee surrendered to
General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, April 9, 1865.

Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they add
to and support the information in the reading.



CD
Track
#10
Task #1

Writing Practice


Integrated Essay - 151



Directions: Read the following passage. You have 3 minutes.

Now listen to a lecture on the same topic.




After you listen to the lecture, read the prompt.

TASK: You have 20 minutes to write your response.





Seamounts are undersea mountains rising off the ocean floor. Seamounts
are not islands because their highest points do not break through the
ocean’s surface. Many seamounts are extinct volcanoes with distinct cone
shapes. Seamounts range from a height of 1,000 meters to over 4,000
meters. Even the peak of the highest seamount is found deep below the
surface of the water. Around the world, there are approximately 100,000
seamounts, most of which have not been charted. Approximately half of the
world’s seamounts are found in the Pacific Ocean. Because seamounts are
so big, they affect the flow of ocean currents. Currents flowing up from the
ocean floor bring life-sustaining nutrients into the photosynthetic zone, a
place where sunlight and carbon dioxide are converted into food energy for
plants and other organisms. As a result, seamounts have great biodiversity.
Moreover, because of the nutrient rich waters around seamounts, a great
variety of plants and fish make seamounts their home. Some of these fish
are endemic species, fish that are found only around seamounts. Such
biodiversity, in turn, attracts larger prey fish, such as sharks and tuna, as
well as marine mammals, such as seals. It also attracts commercial fishing.

Task #2

CD
Track
#11

Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they add
to and support the information in the reading.



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What if you can’t write an integrated essay? What if you blank out? What should
you do? Follow these six steps and write an emergency integrated essay.

Note: The emergency integrated essay is for the argument-counter argument essay
only. Expect to write an argument-counter argument essay on test day.





When writing an emergency integrated essay, use G+3TiC=C and follow the six
steps to demonstrate OPDUL=C
in your essay.

When writing an emergency integrated essay, use block style. Notice the transition
of contrast under Lecture. After you make a note map, read the passage twice.
Under Reading
, summarize the author’s opinion, the supporting illustrations and
the conclusion.

1. Predict the counter argument using the black-and-white rule.

2. On your note map under Lecture, summarize the lecturer’s
opinion, supporting illustrations and conclusion.


Reading Lecture

G G however

Ti first Ti first
C C

Ti next Ti next
C C

Ti finally Ti finally
C C

C in sum C in sum





Emergency Integrated Essay

Emergency Integrated Essay: Step-by-Step

Listen to the lecture.
Step #2
Make a G+3TiC=C note map; include transitions.
Step #1
1.

Integrated Essay - 153



When the lecture ends, the reading passage will return to your screen. Using your
notes, summarize as much of the reading and the lecture as you can using block
style. If your lecture notes are incomplete, use the black-and-white rule. Look at
each reading point
, then state the opposite in the corresponding lecture point.

The reading argues that milk is a health risk and we should not
drink it.

First, the reading says that cows are injected with a hormone
called rBGH. rBGH forces cows to produce far more milk than is
naturally possible. rBGH stays in the milk and enters your
body. The author says just imagine how much rBGH you’ve
been consuming over the years.

Next, the reading states that a study in England says that
children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
are allergic to milk. This allergy increases hyper activity and
attention problems in children with ADHD.

Finally, the reading claims that for older women, drinking milk
does not decrease bone loss or fractures. In fact, drinking milk
actually reduces calcium absorption making bones more fragile
in older women.


For those reasons, the reading argues that milk is a health
risk.

However

First

Next

Finally

In sum.

Read the prompt; write a first draft.
Step #3
point

point

point

point

point

154 - Integrated Essay
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Using the black-and-white rule, state the opposite of the reading opinion and the
opposite of the reading conclusion in your lecture summary.

(G) The reading argues that milk is a health risk and we
should not drink it.

First, the reading says that cows are injected with a
hormone called rBGH. rBGH forces cows to produce far
more milk than is naturally possible. rBGH stays in the
milk and enters your body. The authors says just
imagine how much rBGH you’ve been consuming over
the years.

Next, the reading states that a study in England says
that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) are allergic to milk. This allergy
increases hyper activity and attention problems in
children with ADHD.

Finally, the reading claims that for older women,
drinking milk does not decrease bone loss or fractures.
In fact, drinking milk actually reduces calcium
absorption making bones more fragile in older women.


(C) For those reasons, the reading argues that milk is a
health risk.

(G) However, the lecture says that milk is not a health
risk.

First

Next

Finally

(C) In sum, the lecture argues that milk is not a health
risk.


lecture

reading

Integrated Essay - 155
Next, look at each supporting illustration (3TiC) in the reading. Using the black-
and-white rule, state the opposite point in your lecture summary.

Step #4 Check your first draft for Coherence using OPDUL=C.

Step #5 Revise your first draft using your revision checklist.

Step #6 Submit your essay.


The reading argues that milk is a health risk and we should not
drink it.

First, the reading says that cows are injected with a hormone
called rBGH. rBGH forces cows to produce far more milk than is
naturally possible. rBGH stays in the milk and enters your
body. The authors says just imagine how much rBGH you’ve
been consuming over the years.

Next, the reading states that a study in England says that
children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
are allergic to milk. This allergy increases hyper activity and
attention problems in children with ADHD.

Finally, the reading claims that for older women, drinking milk
does not decrease bone loss or fractures. In fact, drinking milk
actually reduces calcium absorption making bones more fragile
in older women.

For those reasons, the reading argues that milk is a health risk.

However, the lecturer says that milk is not a health risk.

First, many reports prove that rBGH has no negative effect on
people who drink milk from cows injected with this hormone.

Next, studies show children with ADHD are not more allergic to
milk. Other factors cause hyper activity in children.

Finally, the lecture says there is no evidence to prove that
older women experienced more bone loss and fractures.

In sum, the lecturer believes that milk is not a health risk.

Words: 221
156 - Integrated Essay
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You can also write an emergency integrated essay by simply summarizing and
paraphrasing the main points in the lecture, for example:

In the above essay, notice how the last sentence is a conclusion which topically
unites the lecture and the reading (OPDU
L=C), and answers the prompt.


The raters will focus on how proficiently you summarize and
paraphrase the main points in the lecture.

Emergency Integrated Essay: Step-by-Step

2.


The lecturer believes that not paying for downloaded
music is a crime.

First, the lecturer states that copyright laws protect
music. If you don’t pay for U2’s latest album, you’re
breaking the law.

Next, the lecturer says that musicians should get paid. For

example, Napster, a P2P site, didn’t pay musicians.
Napster said that file sharing wasn’t a crime. The court
disagreed and fined Napster for not paying.

Finally, the lecturer believes that if you steal music, you
are a thief therefore you have no privacy. The law is black

and white. You can’t have your cake and eat it too.

In conclusion, the lecturer asserts that ripping music off
the web is a crime.

For those reasons, the lecture casts doubt on the reading.

Words: 127
Remember!
Integrated Essay - 157





In this chapter, you learned how to write and revise a variety of integrated essays
using G+3TiC=C
and the six steps. By doing so, you can demonstrate OPDUL=C in
an integrated essay.

Test-takers who get high integrated essay scores have practiced
writing a lot.

Listen to the lecture; summarize it (2-3 minutes).
#2

Make a G+3TiC=C note map; summarize the reading (3 mins).
#1
Read the prompt; write a first draft (20 minutes).
#3
Check your first draft for Coherence using OPDUL=C.

#4
Revise your first draft using your revision checklist.

#5
Submit your essay.


#6
Remember!
What Have You Learned?

158 - Integrated Essay
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Notes