Quản lý nhà nước về phát triển nông nghiệp công nghệ cao của chính quyền địa phương cấp tỉnh nghiên cứu tại thành phố hà nội TT TIENG ANH

1

2

INTRODUCTION

Theoretical and practical basis for state management at the provincial level for hitech agricultural development in Hanoi.

1. Research background and rationale
Hanoi is a particular administrative unit with a natural land area of 3,358.92
km2, a rural area of 2,841.8 km2, and about 10 million people.
Hanoi always encourages and creates the most favorable conditions for businesses
and investors to invest in hi-tech agriculture. According to experts, there is a high
potential to apply high technology in producing agriculture production. However, the
development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi has not met expectations and is not
commensurate with its potential and strengths. This issue has been placing an urgent
requirement on the state management of hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi.
Besides, the topic of developing hi-tech agriculture has been attracting the attention of
many researchers. However, there is still a lack of a systematic theoretical framework on
state management, incredibly clarifying the provincial government's role in developing
hi-tech agriculture.
Therefore, I choose the topic "State management on developing hi-tech
agricultural at the provincial level- the case of Hanoi" as my doctoral thesis. This thesis
aims to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of state management in Hanoi to meet
the demand for clean and high-quality agricultural products that are provided to citizens
and in line with the development orientation of the City.

2. Research objectives
Main objective:
Study on theoretical and practical issues of state management at the provincial
level for hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi.

Specific objectives:
Overview theoretical and experimental studies in the world and Vietnam on state
management for hi-tech agricultural development, thereby clarifying research gaps;
Systematize the theoretical and practical basis of state management at provincial/level for
the development of hi-tech agriculture; Clarify the content of state management at the
provincial level and the characteristics of Hanoi; Analyze the current situation of state
management on the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi; Propose viewpoints,
orientations and key solutions to strengthen the state management of hi-tech agricultural
development in Hanoi.
3. Research object and scope of the study:
Research object

Scope of the study:
+ Research content: The thesis only focuses on studying aspects of state
management for the development of hi-tech agriculture and focuses on the following
issues: (1) the Construction and promulgation of plans/programs and policies for the
development of hi-tech agriculture, focusing on evaluating the approved plans/programs,
not going into the formulation of plans/programs; (2) the Implementation of hi-tech
agricultural plannings and policies, only studying the aspect of policy awareness,
accessibility and suitability; (3) inspection and supervision, focusing on inspection and
supervision activities to correct market failures in the process of implementing policies
on developing hi-tech agriculture.
The thesis does not focus on evaluating the effectiveness, efficiency,
accountability, organization, and coordination mechanism of the state management
agencies at the provincial level in developing hi-tech agriculture; it does not analyze the
factors affecting the growth of hi-tech agriculture. The thesis only focuses on analyzing
the development dynamics of hi-tech agricultural zones and hi-tech agricultural projects
in Hanoi.
+ Research location: Doing research within the administrative boundaries of
Hanoi, focusing mainly on the following districts: Dan Phuong, My Duc, Thanh Oai, Gia

Lam, Me Linh, Thuong Tin, Quoc Oai, Ung Hoa.
+ Research time: Research period from 2015-2019, orientations and solutions to
2025 with a vision to 2030.
Thesis structure:
Chapter 1: A literature review of related research papers
Chapter 2: Theoretical and practical basis of the state management at the
provincial level for the development of hi-tech agriculture
Chapter 3: Research methods on state management on hi-tech agricultural development
Chapter 4: Practical status of state management on hi-tech agricultural
development in Hanoi.
Chapter 5: Solutions to strengthen state management on hi-tech agricultural
development in Hanoi.


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CHAPTER 1
LITERATURE REVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH PAPERS
1.1. Research on hi-tech agricultural development
1.1.1. International research on hi-tech agricultural development
Lundmark and Sandstrom (2013) in "Natural resources and regional development
theory," Wesley and Peterson (1986) in their book "Agricultural structure and economic
adjustment" assessed the factors that contributed to changes in the agricultural economic
transition in the United States and described the experience in agricultural economic
restructuring in Europe, respectively. Heringa et al. (2013), in "The economic impact of
multifunctional agriculture in Dutch regions: An input-output model" and Alston (2014)
in "Agriculture in the Global Economy," studied the prospects for agricultural
development in different economies. Chmielewska (2009), in "The Problems of
Agriculture and Rural Areas in the Process of European Integration," suggested that the
primary solution for agricultural development in EU countries is developing multi-sector

and multi-production. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2006) introduced
the lessons and implications for agriculture and food security in China and India.
Feder et al. (1985), Hoppel (1994), Foster and Roenweing (1996), Kohli và Singh
(1997), Rogers (2003), and Uaiene (2009) suggested that technology is a decisive factor
for the development of hi-tech agriculture. Kapur (2018) researched the use of
technology in Indian agriculture. Senor and Saul (2008), in their paper "start-up nation,
the story of Israel's miracle economy," proposed a development model which applying
high technology to develop agriculture in Israel.
Bonzovanni and Lowenberg-Deboer (2004), Silva et al. (2007), Frankelius et al.
(2017) indicated that hi-tech agriculture plays a vital role in developing long-term
sustainable agriculture. Hallam (2011) also pointed out that many countries, especially
emerging economies, increasingly focus on attracting investment in hi-tech agriculture.
In addition, Tseng and Zebregs (2002), Murakami et al. (2007) have shown that
infrastructure development attracts more investment in agriculture and hi-tech
agriculture.
1.1.2. Domestic research on hi-tech agricultural development
The Development Strategy Institute - Ministry of Planning and Investment (2016)
issued a "Synthetic report on the master plan for socio-economic development of the
Northern key economic regions to 2020, with a vision to 2030". Tran (2008), in his
research paper on "Sustainable rural development, theoretical issues, and world

4

experiences," approached the theoretical issues and experiences of sustainable rural
development from some provinces in Vietnam.
Pham (2014), in "Hi-tech agriculture is an indispensable requirement for
international integration" studied the history of technology application in agricultural
production in some countries around the world.
Nguyen (2017) with "Experience in developing hi-tech agriculture in some
countries and lessons for Vietnam," Nguyen and Pham (2017) with "Investing in hi-tech

agriculture development: challenges and solutions," Tran (2016) published "Development
of high-tech agriculture in our country" on the Communist Magazine, Nguyen (2017) with
"Development of high-tech agriculture: 5 problems needed to be solved"; Do (2017) with
"Developing hi-tech agriculture: it is difficult for businesses to access preferential policies
on..."
Tran et al. (2010), in the topic "Research on investment environment in the field of
agriculture and rural areas in Hanoi," mentioned eight solutions to attract investment in
agriculture. Do and Le (2010) proposed some essential solutions to develop hi-tech
agriculture sustainably. Pham (2014) and Nguyen (2014) suggested that doing well in
production planning will drive businesses to invest in hi-tech agriculture in Khanh Hoa
province.
1.2. International research on the state management for hi-tech agricultural
development
Belize (2003) pointed out the limitations of agricultural development in Belize.
Lars et al. (2017), in work "Future agriculture to 2030", gave a view, the orientation of
Swedish agricultural development to 2030 in different scenarios. Kaaya (1999), Phougat
(2006), Samah et al. (2009) suggested that to develop agriculture in general and hi-tech
agriculture, and the government should pay attention to the role of information
technology application. Feder et al. (1985), Hoppel (1994), Foster and Roenweing
(1996), Kohli and Singh (1997), Rogers (2003), Uaiene (2009), Kebede et al. (1990), and
McNamara, Wetzstein, and Douce (1991) argued that the most critical factors affecting
agricultural development are institutions and people. While Senor and Saul (2008), in
their work "Start-up Nation, the story of Israel's economic miracle," said that the key to
success in Israel's agricultural production is the close cooperation of "4 houses".
1.2.2. Domestic research on the state management for hi-tech agricultural development
Pham (2014), in his work "hi-tech agriculture is an indispensable requirement for
international integration." Vu (2017), with "Building a modern agricultural model in Hai
Duong province," Doctoral thesis in economics, pointed out the current state of
agricultural development in Hai Duong and compared it with the current criteria of
modern agriculture, which affirms the role of the state in orienting and building modern

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CHAPTER 2

agriculture. Trinh (2016), with "Restructuring the agricultural economy in the suburban
of Hanoi towards high value, green economy, and sustainable development," has assessed
the situation of agricultural development in Hanoi and proposed solutions for sustainable
development.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF THE STATE
MANAGEMENT AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HITECH AGRICULTURE

1.3. Research gap
Studies on the management of the local government for the development of hitech agriculture are still rare and unsystematic. The criteria to assess the control of the

2.1. General issues of state management at the provincial level on hi-tech
agricultural development

local government on developing hi-tech agriculture has not been well developed. The
access level of people and stakeholders to supported policies has not been clarified.
Theoretical and practical issues of state management for hi-tech agricultural development
by provincial authorities have not been clarified. Therefore, to study the state

2.1.1. Hi-tech agriculture and features of hi-tech agricultural development
According to the Vietnam Agricultural Encyclopedia, agriculture is a production
activity of humans to create food, clothing (cotton, yarn, etc.), housing. According to the

management of hi-tech agricultural development at the provincial level in Hanoi. It is
meaningful in both theoretical and practical aspects. The thesis will focus on clarifying
research gaps in terms of content, methods, and factors affecting state management,

Science and Technology Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,
hi-tech agriculture is agriculture that applies new and advanced technologies in all stages
of the production process to improve efficiency and create a breakthrough in terms of
productivity and quality of agricultural products, satisfying the increasing demands of

awareness, and benefits of promulgated plans, programs, and policies for the
development of hi-tech agriculture. The research is conducted in Hanoi as a case study to
provide lessons for other provinces in Vietnam.

society, bringing high profits to producers and ensuring sustainable agricultural
development.
2.1.2. Objectives, concepts, and requirements of the state management on hi-tech
agricultural development at the provincial level
The primary function of the state management for hi-tech agricultural
development is to clarify development orientations, adjust relationships, assist and
overcome market failures.
The role of the provincial government is reflected through the People's Council
and People's Committee. The role of the local government in the state management is the
purposeful impact of the People's Council and the People's Committee on the subjects in
the fields of economic activities in general and hi-tech agriculture activities, in particular,
to achieve socio-economic goals in a certain period.
2.2. The content of state management on hi-tech agricultural development at the
provincial level
2.2.1. Promulgating and disseminating plannings, programs, and policies
Planning is the spatial arrangement and distribution of socio-economic, defense

and security activities associated with infrastructure development, resource use, and
environmental protection in a defined territory to effectively use the country's resources
for sustainable development in a certain period.
2.2.2. Implementation of planning, programs, and policies
Implementation is the process of planning and organizing the plan to achieve the
set goals. Provincial authorities assign to manage the implementation of plannings,
programs, and policies in the locality; incorporation with departments and branches to


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organize the implementation.
2.2.3. Monitoring to promptly correct market failures during the implementation of
plans, programs, and policies
Monitoring (according to the Vietnamese dictionary) is to examine the practical
situation for evaluation and comment. Examining is a function of state management that
is feedback to the management cycle. Through examination, state management agencies
can analyze and monitor the implementation of the set management objectives and tasks.
2.2.4. Criteria for assessing state management of hi-tech agricultural development
(i) criteria to evaluate the development of hi-tech agriculture over time; and (ii)
criteria to evaluate the results of state management on hi-tech agricultural development
through the promulgation of policies, policy implementation, monitoring, and correcting
market failures.

building infrastructure, regulations, and policies.
In recent years, the industrial revolution 4.0 has been the inevitable trend of

Table 2.1: Criteria for assessing state management of hi-tech agricultural

development
No.
1

2

3

Content

Criteria
Note
- Growth of the development of Value of agricultural output over time
Criteria on hi-tech hi-tech agriculture
Number of hi-tech agriculture projects
agricultural
Number of hi-tech agriculture models
development
- Changes in structure and - Share and growth rate of hi-tech
growth rate of hi-tech agriculture agricultural output
- land area for hi-tech agriculture
- Total investment capital for hi-tech
agriculture over the years
- Performance indicators
Criteria
reflecting - Criteria on promulgating Number of planned hi-tech agricultural
the results of state plannings for hi-tech agricultural zones and areas
management on hi- zones
tech
agricultural -Criteria on Implementation of Percentage of households/cooperatives

development
hi-tech agricultural development who know the policy
- Policy to support infrastructure Percentage of households/cooperatives
- Credit and financial support directly benefiting from the policy
policy
Policy relevance
- Land support policy
- human resources policy
Examining market Administrative procedure reform - Administrative reform index
failures
and trade promotion
- The progress of promoting the
consumption of hi-tech agricultural
products

Source: Author's compilation in 2019
2.3. Factors affecting the state management on hi-tech agricultural development at

humanity, including applying science and technology in hi-tech agricultural production.
It can provide clean, sustainable, and high-quality agricultural products to meet the
market's needs and improve production efficiency. Therefore, the state management of
the provincial government must also focus on agricultural development in the direction of
hi-tech agriculture.
2.3.2.Factors related to institutions and policy mechanisms
The institutions, policies, and laws are essential in formulating and
implementing the provincial government's economic development. The legal system
stipulates the local government's functions, tasks, and roles, which determines the
policies and management mechanisms in the locality.

2.3.3. Ability and working attitude of officials in state agencies

The ability of government officials is reflected in the knowledge and working
skills, working time, and creativity to increase labor productivity. Knowledge, skills, and
working attitudes greatly influence the performance of state management on the
development of hi-tech agriculture.

2.3.4. The coordination of actors involved in the development of hi-tech
agriculture (the state, residents, businesses, and research agencies)
The participation and coordination of actors involved in the development of the
economic sector is an essential factor in the management of the government at all levels,
especially the provincial government.

2.3.5. Inputs for hi-tech agricultural development
- Land for hi-tech agricultural production.
- Investment capital in hi-tech agriculture.
- High-quality human resources: hi-tech agriculture always requires a high-quality
workforce to meet exact requirements in all stages, from production to consumption.
- Market factors:
Hi-tech agriculture asks for many strict technical requirements, significant
investments, and a high cost of production. Therefore, the problem of finding a stable
consumption output and meeting the market requirements should be taken care of. In

2.3.1. Socio-economic characteristics of the locality and the development trend of science and
technology and the agricultural sector

addition, the market builds a network of high-quality human resources through training
and transfer knowledge to meet the needs of managing hi-tech agricultural production
and technical workers for hi-tech agricultural production units.

The socio-economic of each locality has distinct characteristics that are different
from others. This is a factor showing the advantages or disadvantages of economic

activities, affecting the state management of the provincial government in planning and

- Information and technology factors: establishing an online trading floor for
agricultural products and developing different types of brokerage, consulting, evaluation,
investment, legal, financial, insurance, intellectual property, and research and

the provincial level


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CHAPTER 3

development services to apply in agriculture.
2.4. International and domestic Experience in state management on hi-tech
agricultural development
2.4.1. experience in state management on hi-tech agricultural development in China
The Chinese government plays a vital role in developing various types of hi-tech
agriculture, including (1) Completing the organizational structure of the hi-tech
agricultural zone: the central zone, performance zone, and spread zone; (2) Promulgating
and implementing preferential policies for farmers and hi-tech agricultural enterprises.
The Chinese government issued many policies and measures with favorable conditions
for enterprises and farmers to encourage them to promote agriculture and applying high
technology into the production process.
2.4.2 Experience in state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Israel
Encouraging investment in research and development of new agricultural
technologies; cooperation between supporting industries such as transportation,

RESEARCH METHODS OF STATE MANAGEMENT ON HI-TECH
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
3.1. Research background
3.1.1. Socio-economic characteristics of Hanoi
Hanoi is the political, economic, cultural, scientific, and technical center of
Vietnam. Hanoi has 30 administrative units, including 12 districts, 17 wards, and 1 town.
The average annual economic growth rate is 10.7% in the period 2026-2010 and over 7%
from 2010 to 2018, of which the agricultural sector contributes 2-3%.
Table 3.1: Several key socio-economic indicators of Hanoi
Indicator

Unit

1 GRDP growth rate

mechanical engineering, and even defense industry; focusing on training high-quality
human resources. The government has sent young and intelligent people to study start-up
businesses in different fields, including hi-tech agriculture, identifying that agriculture
can provide development opportunities.

20112015

%

2017

2018

7.15

7.31

7.37

7,4-7,6 7,4-7,6

- Services

%

+ Service industry activities

%

6.75

6.68

7.23

7,1-7,3 7,1-7,3

%

6.93

8.11

7.03

8,3-8,4 8,3-8,4
8,5-8,7 8,5-8,7

+ Product tax minus
product subsidies

2.4.3. experience in state management on hi-tech agricultural development in some
Asian countries
2.4.4. experience in state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Ho Chi

- Industry - Construction

%

8.73

9.47

8.23

+ Industry

%

7.14

8.53

7.80

+ Construction

%

13.02 11.88

9.31

Minh city
(1) focus on building and operating hi-tech agricultural zones; (2) implementation
of preferential policies on land; (3) implementation of investment support policies; (4)
remove barriers in accessing finance for enterprises.

- Agriculture

%

3.22

2.19

3.33

%

100

100

100

2 Economic structure

2.4.5. Experience for Hanoi in state management on hi-tech agricultural development
(1) improve the process of planning and formulating the program to develop hitech agriculture; (2) focus on policies to encourage the development of hi-tech
agriculture; (3) focus on the Implementation of plannings, programs, and policies; (4)
strengthen the work of controlling, evaluating and adjusting plans, programs, and policies
for hi-tech agricultural development.

100

100

%

+ Service industry activities

%

68.4

68.1

68.1 68-68,2 68-68,2

+ Import tax and product
tax minus product subsidies

%

6.8

6.9

6.8

- Industry - Construction

%

22.50 23.00 23.00

31.01

22,923,2

%

2.30

2.58

1,9-2,1

Mobilizing
investment capital

67,41

2.00

2.10

6,7-6,9 6,7-6,9

113,00
99.97 107.68
118-120126-129
(4.910)

Million Vnd
(USD)

3 Annual GRDP per capita

5

2,5-3,0 2,5-3,0

- Service

- Agriculture

4

2019

Toward
Note
2020

2016

social1.000 billion
376,56- 416,001.054,33 278.88 308.22 340.78
Vnd
378,26 417,97

Percentage of communes
meeting new rural standards

%

52,07

66.1

76.2

83.9

91.7

(Source: Report over the years of Hanoi People's Committee).
3.1.2. Characteristics of agricultural land use in Hanoi


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12

Table 3.3. Current status of agricultural land use in Hanoi, 01/01/2019
Criteria

Area (ha)

percentage (%)

The total area of agricultural land

195.872

100,0

Land for agriculture production

154.218

78,7

Forest land with forest

22.250

11,4

Aquaculture land

14.207

7,3

5.197

2,7

Other agricultural lands

Source: Hanoi Statistical Yearbook, 2020
3.1.3. Demographic and labor characteristics of Hanoi
Table 3.5. Population structure, agricultural and rural labor in Hanoi from 2015 to 2019
Year

Percentage of the rural

Percentage of rural labor Percentage of labor in

Factors affecting the
state management on
hi-tech agricultural
development
factors related to
socio-economic
characteristics,
development trends
of the agricultural
sector; Consumption
trends, and the
development of
science and

technology
Factors related to
state management
agencies: capacity
and attitude of
officials; the
coordination of
actors involved in the
development of hitech agriculture

Content of state management
on hi-tech agricultural
development
Formulate plannings,
programs, and policies

Implement plannings,
programs, and
policies

Control the
implementation and
correct market failures

Objectives and
results of state
management on hitech agricultural
development
Ensure the
Implementation

following the
policy of the
Communist
Party and the
government on
hi-tech
agriculture
Quantity and
scale of hi-tech
agricultural
development
Policy relevance

population (%)

(%)

agriculture (%)

2015

50,9

55,3

19,7

2016

50,8

55,0

17,4

Figure 3.1. Research framework on state management on hi-tech agricultural

2017

50,8

55,9

16,6

development

2018

50,7

56,2

14,2

2019

50,6

55,5

12,1

Source: Hanoi Statistical Yearbook, 2020
3.2. Research approach, methods of data collection, and analysis
3.2.1. Research approach
- Systematic approach: Assessing the relationship between state management on
hi-tech agricultural development and stakeholders.

Source: Author's design
3.2.2. Data collection method
3.2.2.1. Secondary data collection: The author designed reporting forms for management
units, then synthesized and analyzed them based on hi-tech agricultural development
reports.
3.2.2.2. Primary data collection:
Primary data was collected through interviews and surveys in the following
districts: Dan Phuong, My Duc, Thanh Oai, Gia Lam, Me Linh, Thuong Tin, Quoc Oai,
Ung Hoa.

- Institutional approach: clarifying the process of organizing and implementing

Table 3.7. Number of in-depth interview samples

the policy of hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi to find out the problems.
No.

- Policy analysis approach: Focus on the process of policy enactment and policy
implementation to point out gaps, deficiencies, and irrationalities.

1

- Socio-economic approach: Consider both economic efficiency and social
efficiency towards the development of sustainable hi-tech agriculture.
- Outcome approach: Considered under three main contents as the table below:

2
3

Interview subject

Quantity

Officials and experts at departmental, departmental, and district
levels
Representatives of organizations (enterprises,
participating in hi-tech agricultural production.
Representative of hi-tech agricultural models

8

cooperatives)
7
3


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14

CHAPTER 4

Total

18

PRACTICAL STATUS OF STATE MANAGEMENT ON HI-TECH
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HANOI

Source: Compiled by the author, 2019
Table 3.8. Information about respondents
No.

Surveyed subject

Quantity

Percentage
(%)

1

2

Head of departments/branches

5

8%

Officials of the City's departments

19

33,3%

Officers of the districts

33

58,7%

Total number of survey from local management agencies

57

100%

4.1. The development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi
The study on the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi is presented as
follow:
Table 4.1: Result comparison on the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi
No.

Enterprise directors

7

3,2%

Chairman and members of cooperatives

18

10,3%

Business owner

112

76,2%

Model owner

18

10,3%

2

145

100%

3

Total number of the survey from policy beneficiaries

Source: Compiled by the author
3.2.3. Data processing and analysis method
- Descriptive statistical method: When design the questionnaire, the author uses a
Likert scale from 1-5 to assess the policy relevance, whereas 1 is the lowest point of

policy relevance and 5 is the highest point of relevance.
1 - 1,8: The relevance is too low
1,81 - 2,6: The relevance is low
2,61 - 3,4: The relevance is moderate
3,41 – 4,2: The relevance is high
4,21 - 5.0: the relevance is very high
- Comparative statistical method: This method is used to compare criteria related
to the current status of hi-tech agricultural development.
- The analytical method through survey results: using case study method to
analyze typical cases on the results of developing hi-tech agricultural models; the success
and the failure of policies to encourage the development of hi-tech agriculture.

1

Unit

2008

2018

Average
growth rate

%

-

-

2,76%

Model

10

123

12,3%

%

-

25

25,0%

Criteria
The average growth rate of
agricultural, forestry, and fishery
value
Number of hi-tech agricultural
development models
The growth rate in the value of hitech agricultural products

Million
4
Value of agricultural products/ha
124
239

1,93
Vnd/ha
Source: Report on Hanoi's agriculture after ten years of administrative boundary adjustment

Table 4.2. Number of agricultural models applying high technology
in Hanoi by sector in 2020
Sector

Number of models

percentage (%)

109
40
15
164

66,5
24,4
9,1
100,0

Crop
Breed
Aquaculture
Total

Source: Hanoi Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2020
Table 4.3. Some socio-economic indicators of hi-tech agricultural models
surveyed in Hanoi

Net Revenue (Billion
Vnd/year)

Average

Highest Lowest

Average income
(Million
Vnd/month)

Number of laborers
having a stable job

Average

Highest Lowest

Average

Highest

Lowest

Enterprise

80

180

10

18

25

10

8

10

5

Cooperative

24

52

5

23

40

10

7

10

5

Source: Compiled from survey data, 2020
The fundamental indicators of surveyed hi-tech agricultural enterprises and


15

16

cooperatives are higher than those of enterprises and cooperatives in agriculture, forestry,
and fishery in Hanoi.
Table 4.4. Net revenue and the average income of employees working in enterprises and
cooperatives in the fields of agriculture, forestry, and fishery in Hanoi

Source: Compiled according to the report of Hanoi Department of Agriculture and Rural
Development, 2020

Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Average

Average net revenue of an
enterprise/cooperative (Billion

Vnd/year)
3,7
14,0
3,8
7,5
5,6
6,9

Decision No. 7110/QD-UBND, dated December 24, 2015, approved the hi-tech
agricultural development program in Hanoi for 2016-2020.

The average income of the employee
(Million Vnd/person/month)

Table 4.7. Survey results of enterprises, cooperatives, and residents about planning
and program of hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi

4,3
4,0
4,1
4,3
4,4
4,2

No.
1

Source: Hanoi Statistical Yearbook, 2020
Along with the development of hi-tech agriculture, the amount of capital invested in hitech agriculture is increasing over the years. This is shown in the figure below:

2

3

Assessing content
Be disseminated and aware about
the planning/program
Be disseminated, aware
unaware
Relevance level
Relevance
Irrelevance
Others
Average point
Suggestions for change
Need adjustment
Keep stable

Hi-tech
agricultural
development
planning
%

Hi-tech
agricultural
development
program
%

72,9
27,8
100%
20,0%
38,0%
42,0%
2.25
%
72,0
28,0

93.6
6.4
100%
37,2%
36,8%
33,2%
2.47
%
55,2
44,8

Note

Source: Survey results in 2019
Figure 4.2. Amount of capital invested in agriculture, forestry, and fishery
in Hanoi during the period 2014-2018

4.2.2. The situation of implementing policies on hi-tech agricultural development in
Hanoi

Source: Hanoi Statistical Yearbook, 2020
4.2. Status of state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi

4.2.2.1. The situation of implementing land-related policies

4.2.1. The situation of promulgating planning, programs, and goals for the development of

Table 4.8: Survey results on accessibility to land-related policies for the
development of hi-tech agriculture

hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi
Hanoi authority has issued a master plan on agricultural development, including hi-tech
agriculture:

No.
1
2

3

Table 4.5: Planning results of hi-tech agricultural zones/regions in Hanoi
Content
2015
2017
2020
Number of planned hi-tech
1
8
9

agricultural zones
- 1 hi-tech agricultural zone
Number of approved hi-tech
1
- 1 plant seed experiment station
agricultural programs in Hanoi
- 1 aquatic breeding center
Number of approved hi-tech
agricultural projects and models in
82
106
164
Hanoi

Policy awareness
No.

1

Content

Relevance

Number
Total Number
Conclusion
of survey Percentage of survey Percentage Assessment
about
point
responses

responses
(%)
(%)
relevance
yes
yes

Exemption and
reduction policy
145
on land use and
land lease
Policy on

Residents benefit
from the policy

2 accumulation and 145

102

70,3%

96

66,2%

2,65

Medium

125

86,2%

65

44,8%

2,41

Low


17

18
Construction
of
livestock
waste
treatment works

concentration
land
Planning of
concentrated hi145
tech agricultural
production zones

3

100

68,9%

32

22%

The general assessment of land support policy

2.51

Low

2,51

Low

4

Source: Survey results in 2019
The survey results show that the relevance of policy on accumulation and
concentration land is only at 2,41 assessment points, leading to a general land support policy
assessment at the low point with only 2,51.

5

The survey results show that a small percentage of enterprises invested in hi-tech

agriculture are aware of the policy; the rate of businesses that have received support from

Policy awareness
No.

Content

Total

1

Support policy of
one-time
well145
drilling costs

2

Support policy for
the
one-time
purchase of plant
protection
drug 145
packaging
containers

3

Support policy for

one-time
145

Residents benefit
from the policy

Relevance

Number
Number
Conclusion
of survey percentage of survey percentage Assessment
about
(%)
(%)
responses
responses
point
relevance
yes
yes

123

130

82

84,8%

71

48,9%

2,54

Low

89,6%

89

61,3%

3,2

Medium

56,5%

67

46,2%

2,52

Low

55

37,9%

1,75

Very low

78

53,7%

58

40%

2,56

Low

81

55,8%

45

31,0%

2,51

Low

2,56

Low

Support policy for

tech agriculture in Hanoi

Table 4.9. Survey results on the accessibility and relevance of
policies to support investment in technical infrastructure for hi-tech agricultural
development

60%

87

oxygen enrichment
in aquaculture zone

4.2.2.2. The situation of implementing investment policies in infrastructure to develop hi-

this policy is still low. Furthermore, the assessment level in the relevance of the policy by
households and production facilities is low (2.56), while the evaluation score of
management officials is very high (4.3 points). This result shows a big difference in the
views and feelings of management officials and policy beneficiaries.

Support policy for
one-time 50% of
the cost of buying
equipment

for 145

6

construction
of
roads, main canals 145
for water supply
and drainage
Full
financial
support to buy
building materials
145
according to norms
such as cold houses,
etc.

The general assessment of infrastructure support policy

Source: Survey results in 2019


19

20

4.2.2.3. The situation of implementing preferential credit policies for businesses to
develop hi-tech agriculture
Table 4.11: Survey results on the accessibility and suitability of

policies to support capital and credit for hi-tech agricultural development
Residents benefit from
the policy
Number
Number
Total
of survey Percentage of survey Percentage
responses
responses
(%)
(%)
yes
yes
Policy awareness

No.

Content

Policy to support
100% loan interest
34
rate in 36 months for
145
102
70,3%
one project
Policy to support
100% interest rate in
58

36 months for
145
122
84,1%
investment items in
processing facilities
Policy to support
100% interest rate in
36 months to buy
45
145
125
86,2%
machinery and
equipment
Policy to support
capital purchasing
plant and livestock
145
115
79,31
55
from agricultural
extension funds
The general assessment of the credit support policy

1

2

3

4

5

23,4%

40%

No.

Content

Policy to support
145
demonstration model

3
4

Residents benefit from
the policy

42

28,9%

2.35

Low

2.71

Medium

Source: Survey results in 2019
Assessment
point

2,2

2,32

Conclusion
about
relevance

4.2.3. The situation of monitoring and overcoming market failures
4.2.3.1. The situation of improving administrative procedures to develop hi-tech
agriculture in Hanoi

Low

Table 4.13. Survey results on administrative procedures of hi-tech agricultural
development policies in Hanoi
No.

Low

2

37,9%

60%

The general assessment of the training policy

1
31,0%

87

Relevance

2,13

Low

Too
many
administrative
procedures
Administrative procedures are
still complicated

Officials of
Departments, People's
Committees
54,3%

71,4%

Policy beneficiaries
75,5%
72,7%

Source: Compiled from survey data in 2019

2,43

Low

2,26

Low

Source: Survey results in 2019
The survey results show that the relevance of all these policies is rated at a low
level of only 2.26 points.
2.2.2.4. The situation of implementing policies to support human resource training for
the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi
Survey results at enterprises, cooperatives, and farms show that few units know
about training support policies in hi-tech agriculture.
Table 4.12. Survey results on accessibility and relevance of training support policies
to improve qualifications and technical training
Policy awareness

technical training

Relevance

Total Number Percentage Number Percentage
Conclusion
Assessment
of survey
of survey
about
point
responses
responses
(%)
(%)
relevance
yes
yes

1

Policy to support
vocational training

145

125

86,2%

88

60,6

2,75

Medium

2

Policy to support

145

115

79,3

85

58,62

3.05

Medium

Although Hanoi's authorities always focus on administrative reform to
improve service quality for residents and attract businesses to invest in economic
sectors, the results have not yet been achieved as expected. The Provincial
Competitiveness Index (PCI) of Hanoi has not had a breakthrough: (1) some
indicators are still low, changing slowly; (2) transparency, access to information,
and informal fees are still a problem.
4.2.3.2 The status of promoting trade and investment in hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi

According to the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI), the
index of business support services to attract investment of Hanoi in the period
2010-2019 is always at a reasonable level and tends to slight growth. This is
considered one of the positive signs to attract businesses to invest in hi-tech
agriculture in Hanoi.
4.3. General assessment on the state management of hi-tech agricultural
development in Hanoi
4.3.1. Major achievement

Hanoi authorities have actively developed planning and strategies and
promulgated policies to encourage the development of hi-tech agriculture; the
planning and policies on hi-tech agricultural development have been organized
throughout the City. Many policies have initially made positive contributions in
removing difficulties for enterprises, cooperatives, and business households to


21

develop hi-tech agriculture. Besides, many hi-tech agricultural models have been
developed quite well. Linking scientists with businesses and farmers initially also
had specific results; the activities of consolidating and exchanging agricultural land
have been completed.
4.3.2 Limitations of state management on hi-tech agricultural development in
Hanoi
The Construction and Implementation of agricultural plannings, including
hi-tech agriculture, is still limited and has not met the requirements; slow
Implementation of a policy on encouraging the development of agricultural
production, value chains, and distribution of agricultural products; Propaganda to
disseminate policies to support and develop hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi has not

been effective. It has not solved the difficulties of enterprises and other agricultural
household businesses. The plannings on hi-tech agricultural zones have not yet
been implemented. Many agricultural products have not yet met residents'
consumption needs, and training programs for rural labor are still impractical. The
capacity of government officials in assessment and orientation is still limited; the
procedure of inspection and monitoring in Implementation has not been regular.

22

CHAPTER 5
SOLUTIONS TO STRENGTHEN STATE MANAGEMENT ON HI-TECH
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HANOI
5.1. Objectives, viewpoints, and orientations for the development of hi-tech
agriculture in Hanoi
5.1.1. Objectives, viewpoints and policies of the Party and State on the development of
hi-tech agriculture
Agriculture is comprehensively developed toward modernity, producing significant
commodities with high productivity, quality, efficiency, and competitiveness, achieving a
growth rate of over 3.5%/year.
5.1.1.2. Hi-tech agricultural development goals to 2025 and the following years
General objective: To restructure the production in hi-tech agriculture, increase
productivity and quality, ensure food hygiene and safety, and protect the ecological
environment.
Objectives to 2020 and 2025: The average growth rate of agricultural production value in
the period 2016-2020 is 2,06%; agricultural production value per hectare of agricultural
land in 2020 will reach 340 million Vnd; the proportion of hi-tech agricultural products
in total agricultural production value in 2020 will account for 30%.
5.1.2. Viewpoint of state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi
Taking science and technology as the driving force to change production process
and agricultural economic structure towards developing hi-tech agriculture. Besides,

making a balanced development between economic efficiency, social efficiency, and
environmental efficiency. Encouraging businesses, especially enterprises, to participate in
the development of hi-tech agriculture.
5.2. Some critical solutions to strengthen state management on hi-tech agricultural
development
5.2.1. Reviewing master plans, strategies, and programs on agricultural development
and hi-tech agriculture
5.2.1.1. Improving the quality of planning and strengthen the effectiveness of state
management on the agricultural sector
Improve the capacity of planning staff about planning, orientation, and solutions for
planning consulting units.
5.2.1.2. Specific planning solutions
(1) For the crop sector: Review and complete the planning for each type of crop in
the City's area in association with the planning on development of agriculture and hightech agriculture, implement the restructuring of crops according to high value and


23

24

sustainable direction. (2) For the livestock sector: To comply with the planning on the
City's cattle and poultry slaughtering system. (3) For the aquaculture sector: Review and
re-evaluate existing hatcheries and invest in upgrading breeding facilities. In addition, to
build establishments for preliminary processing and production processing of aquatic

The development of hi-tech agriculture requires high qualified human resources.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate training plans and contents for each
agricultural sector.
5.2.5.3. Science and technology solutions

products in concentrated aquaculture areas.

It is needed to prioritize the development of high technology, clean technology,
and biotechnology; Research and transfers knowledge in processing, post-harvest
preservation, food quality, and safety inspection; Prioritizing investment, summarizing

5.2.2. Completing mechanisms and policies to create favorable for the

development of hi-tech agriculture.
It is needed to promote the development of hi-tech agriculture following the
defined objectives. Focus on completing land, credit, and market development policies
and implementing policies to support training labor and employment and encourage
applying high technology in producing exported agricultural products.
5.2.3. Solutions for Implementation of plans, programs, and policies on hi-tech
agricultural development
(1) Focusing on timely and effective Implementation of plannings and policies to
encourage the development of agricultural production. (2) Replicating hi-tech agricultural
models with effective mechanisms and policies to form large-scale and hi-tech
production areas. (3) Strengthening management, consolidating, supporting, improving
product quality and efficiency, and helping cooperatives apply high technology into
agricultural production. (4) Strengthening the extensive propaganda work among
residents about the central government and local government policies.
5.2.4. Solutions to control and overcome market failures
(1) Encouraging activities of inspecting and supervising the Implementation of hitech agricultural development plans, programs, and policies. People's Councils issue
annual plans, organize and supervise the Implementation of planning, programs, and
policies on hi-tech agricultural development. (2) Review the implementation results of
the planning, programs, and policies to identify limitations and propose adjustments and
supplements accordingly and strengthen administrative reform, simplifying procedures so
that business establishments and farmers can access policies more efficiently.
5.2.5. Other solutions

5.2.5.1. Solutions on promoting the economic linkages between Hanoi's agriculture and
the agriculture of other provinces in the Red River Delta
Focusing on promoting propaganda, raising awareness and understanding about
economic linkages between Hanoi's agriculture and other provinces in the Red River
Delta; improving the role of state management in the development of agricultural links
between Hanoi and other regions; promoting linkages between producers, processors, and
consumers on hi-tech agricultural products in Hanoi and other provinces.
5.2.5.2. Solutions for human resource training

practical models of high technology in agriculture; Increase the amount of direct
investment in science and technology; Improving the qualifications of government
officials and completing policies for science and technology research and transfer
centers.
5.3. Recommendations to the Central Government and relevant Ministries
Research and amend the Land Law to remove difficulties and inadequacies in the
current land use management. Proposing to the Central Government and the Prime
Minister to adjust the flood distribution planning in the river basins flowing through
Hanoi following current practice to serve as a basis for formulating the agricultural
development planning.
Pay attention and have the policy to regulate the City's revenue (from 35% to
42%) to implement the agricultural development program; build hi-tech agricultural
zones approved by the Prime Minister; promote the implementation of investment
projects in Hanoi that have been planned and approved by the Central Government.


25

CONCLUSION
Hi-tech agricultural development is becoming an inevitable trend because it plays
a vital role in sustainable agricultural development in the long term. The role of state

management is critical to the development of hi-tech agriculture through orienting plans
and supports to promote hi-tech agricultural production. The thesis has achieved the set
goals by researching the state management on hi-tech agricultural development at the
provincial level in Hanoi.
The thesis has reviewed research works on state management of hi-tech
agricultural development, the role of the state in the development of hi-tech agriculture,
and programs and policies to encourage the development of hi-tech agriculture in the
world and some provinces in Vietnam. Thereby clarifying theoretical and practical issues
in the state management for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi;
systematizing the theoretical and practical basis, and the theoretical framework of the
state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi (programs and planning
establishment, policies promulgation; Implementation, inspection, and supervision). The
thesis also clarified the factors affecting the state management on hi-tech agriculture;
analyzed and assessed the state management on hi-tech agricultural development in
Hanoi in recent years; found out the successes, shortcomings, limitations, and causes that
hinder cause difficulties for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi. The thesis
proposes viewpoints, orientations, and solutions to promote hi-tech agricultural
production in Hanoi until 2025 and the following years. Besides, the thesis also suggests
that the local government should pay attention to planning, establishing mechanisms and
policies, attracting and investing in science and technology, training to improve
government officials' capacity who promote the development of hi-tech agriculture,
implementing policy enforcement, and some other solutions.