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UNIT 7: POLLUTION
I. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. What’s a ______________? It’s a substance that contaminates something. (POLLUTE)
2. Scientists say that exhaust fumes are ______________ our city.
(POISON)
3. Many seabirds were ______________ because of the oil spill.
(DIE)
4. Waste from households will gradually ______________the lake.
(CONTAMINATION)
5. Trees can’t grow here because the soil is too ______________.
(POLLUTE)
6. That dierce storm left behind badly ______________buildings.
(DAMAGE)
7. The ______________chemical waste is dumped into the river.
(POISON)
8. Do you know what ______________cause air pollution?
(POLLUTE)
9. The ______________fish are floating in the water.
(DIE)
10. Don’t drink that water. It’s ______________.
(CONTAMINATE)
11. The acid rain has caused ______________to the trees in this area.
(DAMAGED)
12. If we ______________the air, more people will have breathing problems. (POLLUTION)
13. The soil becomes ____________because of the use of so many pesticides and fertilizers.
(CONTAMINATE)
14. ____________waste spills can contaminate groundwater.
(INDUSTRY)
15. In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading cause of ____________.
(DIE)
16. ____________elements have been found in both ground and underground water sources. (POLLUTE)


17. Fish and many other animals are killed by ____________in their habitat. (POLLUTE)
18. Astronomers are concerned about light pollution because they have ____________ in viewing activities in
the sky and outer space.
(DIFFICULT)
19. ____________habitats have been destroyed in recent years.
(NATURE)
20. A number of cleaning products contain ____________chemicals.
(HARM)
21. Water samples collected at these villages were seriously ____________with bacteria.(CONTAMINATE)
22. People believe that the ____________water has brought cancer to the local residents.
(POLLUTE)
23. Light pollution makes us ____________to see the stars in the sky.
(ABLE)
24. Noise is considered as ____________ pollution.
(ENVIRONMENT)
25. These whales were found ____________ one week ago, and the cause of their ____________ has not been
known yet.
(DIE)
26. Plastic waste has entangled many marine creatures and ____________ their population. (REDUCE)
27. The river has been ____________ with toxic waste from local factories. (POLLUTE)
28. A lot of trees have been cut to make way for this new ____________ area. (RESIDENT)
29. After the flood, there was a(n) ____________of cholera in the region and the underlying cause was linked to
foods consumed that failed to meet the minimum hygiene standards.
(BREAK)
30. You can have a say for our ocean by ____________this project.
(JOIN)
31. Marine life is being ____________due to the huge amount of plastic waste dumped into our sea every day.
(THREAT)
32. This factory has pumped ____________sewage into the sea, causing masses of fish to die in the past two
months.

(TREAT)
33. My uncle doesn’t want to live in the city center, because he cannot stand too much artificial lighting. He
prefers country life where at night he can have peace and quiet with ____________moonlight. (NATURE)
34. Trucks ____________tons of garbage here every day.
(DUMP)
35. My aunt lives in Kellyville, a big suburb of Sydney. It’s a nice, peaceful and green ____________area.
(SUBURB)
II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. (conditional sentences type 1, 2)
1. If we (recycle) __________more, we will help the Earth.
2. Factories (not dump) __________ waste into rivers if the government fines them heavily.
3. Students will be more aware of protecting the environment if teachers __________ (teach) environmental
issues at school.
4. If light pollution __________(happen), animals will change their behaviour patterns.


5.
6.
7.
8.

If people (travel) __________ to work by bus, there will be fewer car fumes.
We __________(save) thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper.
If we use water carefully, more people __________(have) fresh water.
The level of radioactive pollution will decrease if we __________(switch) from nuclear power to renewable
energy sources.
9. If the water temperature (increase) __________, some aquatic creatures will be unable to reproduce.
10. People will get more diseases if the water (be) __________ contaminated.
11. If you (be) __________the president, what would you do to help the environment?
12. They get sick so often. If they (exercise) __________more, they (be) __________ healthier.
13. If I had one million US dollars, I (build) __________more parks in our city.

14. Ngoc’s mother is unhappy. If Ngoc (tidy) __________her room everyday, her mother (not be)
__________so upset.
15. There isn’t a garden at our house. If there (be) __________, we (grow) __________vegetables.
16. It (not be) __________possible to save the Earth if we don’t take action now.
17. If the world temperatures continue to rise, there (be) __________less snow.
18. If I (be) __________you, I would wear earplugs when going to the concert.
19. If we do nothing to stop global warming, we (see) __________big changes in the future.
20. How __________you __________(travel) to work if you didn’t have this motorbike?
21. Our garden is so beautiful. There (not be) __________any flowers if my sister (not take care) __________it
every day.
22. If pigs (have) ____________ wings, ____________(they/ be able) to fly?
23. If I ____________ (be) an astronaut, I ____________(travel) to other planets.
24. If you ____________(not see) Tom ever again, how ____________ (you/ feel)?
25. What ____________(you/ do) if you ____________(see) a ghost?
26. If you ____________(eat) more of this cake, you ____________(be) sick. You’ve already had five slices!
27. Who ____________(you/ vote) for if you ____________(be) eighteen?
28. If you ____________(be) late, we ____________(not wait). We’ll have to go without you!
29. If the ozone layer is not protected, we ________(suffer) from excessive ultraviolet radiation.
30. If you ________(leave) the lights that you are not using on, you’ll cause over-illumination, a form of light
pollution.
31. Soil pollution ________ a serious problem to solve if levels of pollutants in soil go beyond what should be
naturally allowed. (be)
32. If your farming land ________ near a landfill or an industrial area, it is essential that you test the soil for
pollutants before growing anything adible. (be)
33. You will be less likely to suffer lung cancer if you ________. (not smoke)
34. If it is sunny, we ________ a clean-up of the garden. (do)
35. If local residents ________ cutting trees for wood at this rate, the forest will soon be gone. (keep)
36. If we take good care of the garden, we ________ flowers all year round. (have)
37. If man ________dumping waste into the sea, they will soon be victims. (keep)
38. We’ll go without Linh if she ________. (not come)

39. If everyone ________ a small contribution, we’ll be able to do a good cause. (make)
III. Write a conditional sentence type 2 for each situation.
1. People throw rubbish in the street. The street doesn’t look attractive.
If ______________________________________________________________________________
2. There are so many billboards in our city. People cannot enjoy the view.
If ______________________________________________________________________________
3. There is so much light in the city at night. We cannot see the stars clearly.
If ______________________________________________________________________________
4. We turn on the heater all the time. We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month.
If ______________________________________________________________________________
5. The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night. The residents complain to its owner.


If ______________________________________________________________________________
6. She has a headache after work every day. She works in a noisy office.
If ______________________________________________________________________________
IV. Rewrite the sentences, using the words in brackets.
1. The noise from the music club is loud, so the residents of the street cannot sleep. (because of)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Vy had a stomachache because she ate a big dinner. (since)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Because it rained heavily, the road in front of my house was flooded. (due to)
________________________________________________________________________________
4. His room is untidy, so his mother is unhappy. (because)
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Global warming happens when there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. (causes)
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Noise pollution happens. There is a change in animals’living pattern. (causes)
________________________________________________________________________________
7. Radioactive pollution is very dangerous. It can cause abnormal growth. (since)

________________________________________________________________________________
8. The area is uninhabitable. The Chernobyl nuclear accident happened. (made)
________________________________________________________________________________
9. Fossil fuels such as coal or oil are burned. Acid gases are produced. (so)
________________________________________________________________________________
10. Acid rain is dangerous. Trees’leaves are damaged. (because of)
________________________________________________________________________________
11. Leaves are damaged. The tree cannot get enough food energy to stay healthy. (because)
________________________________________________________________________________
12. There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illness when air pollution happens. (lead to)
________________________________________________________________________________
13. Aquatic life suffers or dies because there is thermal pollution. (because of)
________________________________________________________________________________
14. Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the waste water is released from the
paper mill in Thai Nguyen City. (so)
________________________________________________________________________________
15. People use too much herbicide to treat weeds, so water in rivers, canals, lakes are extremely polluted and
has bad effects on people’s health. (because)
________________________________________________________________________________
16. Many fish in the river die due to the increased temperature of water. (because)
________________________________________________________________________________
17. Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still exist in the environment today. (so)
________________________________________________________________________________
18. We are unable to see the stars in the sky. Light pollution occurs. (makes)
________________________________________________________________________________
19. Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse. They reflect both artificial and sun
light. (because)
________________________________________________________________________________
20. All sounds are not noise. Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes beyond its certain limit, for example,
above 80 decibels. (because)

________________________________________________________________________________
21. More and more noise is created by modern civilization. It has now become a major environmental pollutant,
especially in urban areas. (so)
________________________________________________________________________________


22. Contamination in the air happens. There is acid rain which damages soil, vegetation and aquatic life of the
region. (causes)
________________________________________________________________________________
23. Noise pollution is one of the major causes of stress and anxiety. People suffer from stress and anxiety.
(because of)
________________________________________________________________________________
24. The oil spill resulted in the death of thousands of fish in this sea. (make)
________________________________________________________________________________
25. All the roads were flooded because it had been raining heavily. (due to)
________________________________________________________________________________
26. Jimmy ate a lot of fastfoods, so he put on 10 kilograms within just two months. (because)
________________________________________________________________________________
27. My father got upset because I repeatedly left on the lights I was not using. (so)
________________________________________________________________________________
28. The contaminated drinking water caused the outbreak of cholera in the village. (due to)
________________________________________________________________________________
29. Human activity is to blame for many forms of pollution on earth. (result in)
________________________________________________________________________________
V. Make conditional sentences type 2 from the clues.
1. If/ I / be/ you/, I/ plant/ vegetables/ garden.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. More/ tourist/ come/ here/ if/ beach/ be/ cleaner.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What/ happen/ if/ there/ be/ no/ car/ world?

________________________________________________________________________________
4. If/ I/ be/ his mother/, I/ ask/ tidy/ room/ every day.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. If/ there/ be/ no/ war/, people/ live/ more/ happy.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Soil/ not/ be/ so/ polluted/ if/ farmers/ not use/ much/ chemical/ fertilizer.
________________________________________________________________________________
VI. Circle a mistake in each sentence, and then correct it
1. He worked in a noisy environment for a long time, because his hearing became worse.
2. We’ve decided to cancel our picnic because of it’s forecast rain tomorrow.
3. Researchers haven’t found out what has led in the pollution of the river.
4. Radiation may result to childhood cancer.
5. Water from power stations may cause water in rivers and lakes hotter.
6. Her grandmother is complaining so she’s always dumping her school things on the floor.
7. Long exposure to loud results permanent hearing loss.
8. The misuse of resources and improper dumping of waste make land pollution.
9. The soil becomes contaminated because the use of so many pesticides and other farming chemicals.
10. Oil slicks from boats or ships pollute the sea, because many fish and sea-birds die.
11. In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading cause of death if people drink from
polluted water sources.
12. We should plant trees in our neighbourhood so trees help cool the planet.
VII. Read the text below. Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the gap.
Chocolate-powered racing car
A team of (DESIGN) ____________from Warwick University have recently launched a Formula 3 racing
car with a (DIFFERENT) ____________. With a top speed of 232kph, the ecoF3 is powered by chocolate contains
a steering wheel made from corrots, a seat made from soya beans and its bodywork consists of various
(PRODUCE) ____________including potatoes and (CYCLE) ____________ bottles.


A University spokesperson said the (INTEND) ____________was to design something “fast, fun and

exciting”. The result is a car whose (PERFORM) ____________is as good as any car made from more traditional
materials and the designers are delighted with this (ACHIEVE) ____________. However, the car’s engine does not
currently meet Formula 3 (REGULATE) ____________because of its (USUAL) ____________fuel. “The fact is
that an environmentally friendly car is not (NECESSARY) a slow car,” said the spokesperson, and it is hoped that
racing chiefs will recognise this and change the rules so that the ecoF3 can complete in the Formula 3
(CHAMPION) ____________next season.
VIII. Write sentences using the first conditional with “if” or “unless”.
1. ____________(you/ arrive) early, ____________(you/ save) me a seat?
2. ____________(the website/ not open) ____________(you/ have got) the password.
3. Please ____________(you/ call me) ____________(you/ find) my wallet?
4. ____________(my parents/ not give) me any pocket money ____________(I/ pass) my exams.
5. ____________(it/ rain), ____________(we/ not play) football in the park.
6. ____________(you/ practise) more, ____________(you/ not get into) the team.
7. ____________(I/ not call) you ____________ (we/ get) home really late. I won’t want to wake you.
8. ____________(more people/ vote) for her this time, ____________(she/ lose) the election.
9. ____________ (what/ happen) to Chelsea ____________ (they/ not score) enough goals?
IX. Order the words to make sentences and questions. There is one word or phrase you do not need in each
sentence.
1. Lady Gaga,/ I’d ask/ I will meet/ If/ I met/ her to sing
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. If I/ would have/ had/ a cat or a dog./ a pet,/ it/ would be
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. everybody voted/ I was/ I’d be/ amazed/ for that singer./ if
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. TV./ don’t be/ If I/ I’d watch/ wasn’t/ busy,
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. didn’t have/ homework tonight?/ What/ would you do/ do would you/ if you
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. the exam?/ you feel/ if/ How/ did/ would/ you didn’t pass
______________________________________________________________________________________

X. Combine each pair of sentences, using conditional sentences type 1.
1. A person looks at the sky at night. He is not able to see the Milky Way by naked eye.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Noise pollution gets more serious in the future. It affects the development of economy and society.
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Australia has invested in water in Viet Nam with good results. Half of the population in the rural areas has
access to fresh water.
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. You use compact light bulbs. You save a lot of energy.
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. We have more space. We plant more trees.
______________________________________________________________________________________
XI. Write a paragraph about noise pollution (definition, causes, effects, and solutions), using the cues given.
1. Noise pollution/ any loud sounds/ either harmful or annoying/ humans and animals.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Generally/ noise produced/ household appliances/ big trucks/ vehicles and motorbikes/ on the road/ planes
and helicopters flying over cities/ loud speakers, ets.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________


3. Noise pollution/ cause/ stress/ illness/ hearing loss/ sleep loss/ loss productivity.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Health effects/ noise/ include/ anxiety/ stress/ headaches/ irritability/ nervousness.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Noise-producing industries/ airports/ bus terminals/ should/ located/ far/ living places.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. The officials/ check/ misuse/ loudspeakers/ outdoor parties and discos/ as well as public announcement
systems.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
XII. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. a. terrific
b. Arabic
c. statistic
d. cosmetic
2. a. arithmetic
b. geographic
c. energetic
d. economic
3. a. linguistic
b. classical
c. phonetic
d. romantic
4. a. fantastic
b. historic
c. comic
d. symbolic
5. a. oceanic
b. specific
c. ceramic
d. aquatic
6. a. industrial
b. mathematic
c. poetic
d. terrific

7. a. technical
b. historical
c. botanic
d. athletic
8. a. musical
b. optional
c. artistic
d. regional
9. a. accidental
b. sympathetic
c. economic
d. impractical
10. a. phonetic
b. systematic
c. symbolic
d. mechenical
11. a. enthusiastic
b. environmental
c. automatic
d. naturalistic
XIII. Fill in each blank with the correct preposition.
1. Thousands of people were exposed ____________radiation when the nuclear plant exploded. (to)
2. Waste water from many factories which is dumped ____________water bodies rirectly causes water
pollution. (into)
3. Land pollution is responsible for damage done ____________natural habitat of animals. (to)
4. Americans throw ___________twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year. (away)
5. Scientists have come up ____________new ways of saving energy. (with)
XIV. Based on the context, make contional sentences type 2 from the clues.
1. My home hasn’t installed a solar water heater. If/ my home/ install/ a solar water heater/ we/ save a lot of
energy.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Not all households in Viet Nam turn off lights during the Earth Hour. If/ all households/ Viet Nam/ turn off
lights/ the Earth Hour/ we/ save enough electricity/ develop our rural areas.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Some students in our school still throw litter on the school ground. If/ students/ our school/ not throw litter/
the school ground/ our campus/ look/ greener/ fresher.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. People use aluminum cans instead of glass bottles. If/ people/ use/ glass bottles/ they/ use/ again and again.


_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Our school ground is large but we don’t have a wind turbine. If/ we/ install/ a wind turbine/ our school/
become/ more eco-friendly.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. People don’t use organic fertilizers. If/ people/ use/ organic fertilizers/ they/ prevent/ land pollution.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. A large number of people ride their motorbikes to work. If/ people/ ride/ bikes/ they/ keep/ air/ less polluted.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8. That factory doesn’t have a wastewater treatment system. If/ that factory/ have/ wastewater treatment
system/ river/ not become/ so polluted.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
XV. Circle the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. The storms have caused a lot of ________to the crops.
a. damage
b. pollution
c. improvement
d. conservation
2. I was not able to sleep last night because my neighbor was playing his music so ________.
a. loud
b. quietly
c. raw
d. well
3. My eyes really hurt when I see these bunches of dazzling lights ________ this time of the night.
a. to
b. at
c. for
d. in
4. Continued trade in these bear products is a threat to the ________ of the species.
a. survival
b. survive
c. survivor
d. survived
5. What is thermal pollution? Well, it’s a kind of pollution ________by human activity that changes the
surrounding temperature.
a. led
b. raised
c. done
d. caused
6. New laws have been passed to ________ wildlife in the area.
a. conservation
b. conserve
c. conservationist

d. conserved
7. We are trying to reduce the ________ fumes that are polluting our cities.
a. exhausting
b. exhausted
c. exhaustion
d. exhaust
8. ________ pollution occurs when radioactive waste is released into the air, water and earth, as a result of
human activities.
a. Light
b. Soil
c. Radioactive
d. Visual
9. These days people tend to buy organic foods that are free of ________ though they are much more
expensive.
a. herbs
b. herbicides
c. herbal
d. herb
10. Great efforts have been made to reduce levels of environmental ________.
a. pollution
b. biodegrading
c. protection
d. awareness
11. Too much ________ light is a form a light pollution.
a. natural
b. artificial
c. beautiful
d. dim
12. The new policy has led ________ three major strikes in the city today.
a. to

b. in
c. for
d. at
13. The Chernobyl disaster, which happened ________ 26 April 1986, was one of the most tragic nuclear
fallouts in human history.
a. at
b. in
c. on
d. under
14. Industrial waste from a nearby factory is the main source ________ pollution in this surb.


a. of
b. for
c. with
d. on
15. Due ________ a delay in responding to the email, she lost the job.
a. of
b. for
c. in
d. to
16. I couldn’t sleep because ________the noise from the party next door.
a. in
b. at
c. of
d. with
17. By being a responsible consumer, we can reduce the damage littering causes ________ the environment.
a. in
b. for
c. at

d. to
18. During the process of cooling down the equipment, this factory has discharged ________ a large amount of
cold water into the surrounding river, causing the temperature to change.
a. /
b. of
c. with
d. to
19. Thirteen beaches in Hong Kong have been closed due to a palm oil spill that was caused ________ a recent
ship collision.
a. in
b. to
c. by
d. with
20. Frequent exposure ________ high levels of radiation can put you at greater risks of all sorts of cancer.
a. for
b. with
c. on
d. to
21. There are too many telephone lines, power lines, and advertising billboards ________ this street. It’s sad
that visual pollution is getting in people’s life almost everywhere.
a. on
b. at
c. with
d. by
22. It was a heart-breaking sight at the lake. The children cried when seeing their beloved ducks lying dead,
uncared of on shore. The reason ________ their death is still unknown.
a. for
b. with
c. in
d. at

XVI. Identify the error in the each of the following sentences.
1. If people clean the toaster after using it, the manager wouldn’t get mad. He always has to write “Please
clean me if you use me.”
2. You can give a say for our ocean by donate to protect marine life.
3. “Mom, I don’t have any more plastic snack bags.” “Use your lunch box then. In this way, you’ll help
reducing plastic waste.”
4. He let his motorbike glare light go directly into people’s eyes, and he was toldoff due to it was annoying.
5. Do you know that the more paper you use the more trees will cut?
6. Various types of pollution happens every day at a fast speed, and this is threating biodiversity and reducing
the life span of humans and animals.
7. Let’s go for “Reduce, Reuse and Recycle”, because of it’s the only solution to the issue of pollution.
8. Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan were bombed in 1945 and within five years, and this had resulted to the
deaths of 225,000 people due to being exposed to radiation from the fallout for a long period of time.
9. Waste from nature itself such as dead plants, rotten fruits and vegetablesonly makes the soil richer, but manmade waste such as chemicals, and plasticbags does damage with the environment.
10. My father is passionate about clean but green energy. He has many posts about the topic of renewable
energy on his Facebook.
11. Human beings are destroying the air and the land by adding pollutant to them day by day.



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