PAST TENSE : Thì quá khứ ( đơn, hoàn thành, tiếp diễn, hoàn thành tiếp diến)

13/9/2021

PAST SIMPLE
QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
*****
AFFIRMATIVE
I/ he/ she/ it was there. (Was is the irregular past form of am and is.)
We/ you/ they were there. (Were the irregular past form of are.)
I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it played. (Played is the regular past form of play.)
I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it swam. (Swam is the irregular past form of swim.)
NOTE:
♣For spelling rules, see Appendix 6, page 298 - 299, English Grammar in Use
th

4 Edition by Raymond Murphy.
th

♣For irregular verbs, see Appendix 1, page 293, English Grammar in Use 4 Edition
by Raymond Murphy.

II. NEGATIVE

I/ he/ she/ it was not there.

We/ you/ they were not there.

I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it did not play.
I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it did not swim.

III. INTERROGATIVE

Was I/ he/ she/ it there?
Did I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it play?
Did I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it swim?

Were we/ you/ they there?


IV. USE
Completed actions which happened at a particular time in the past.
(Hành động đã hoàn thành ở thời gian cụ thể trong quá khứ)
●She went to Dublin last year.
Completed past actions whose time is not mentioned and these
actions are not connected to the present.
(Hành động đã hoàn thành mà thời gian khơng được đề cập hoặc
các hành động khơng cịn liên quan đến hiện tại)
●The Modern Talking sang “You can win if you want”. (The band won’t sing the song
again; it doesn’t exist any more.)
Past habits or states.
(Thói quen hoặc trạng thái trong quá khứ)
●She always carried an
umbrella. ●He used to cycle to
his office.
●That ring belonged to my grandmother.
Two or more past actions in sequence, especially in narratives.
(Hai hoặc nhiều hơn những hành động liên tục, đặc biệt các sự kiện trong chuyện)
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●He got in the car, started the engine and drove off.
V. EXPRESSIONS USUALLY USED WITH THE PAST SIMPLE

Yesterday, the day before yesterday, the year before last, last week/ month, etc. ago, how
long ago, the other day, then, just then, just now, in 1972, etc.


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PAST CONTINUOUS
QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
*****
I. AFFIRMATIVE
I/ he/ she/ it was leaving.

We/ you/ they were leaving.

II. NEGATIVE
I/ he/ she/ it was not leaving.

We/ you/ they were not leaving.

III. INTERROGATIVE
Was I/ he/ she/ it leaving?

Were we/ you/ they leaving?

IV. USE
Actions in progress at a particular time in the past.
(Hành động trong quá trình ở thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ)
●His mother-in-law was traveling around the country this time last month.
Actions in progress around a particular time in the past.

(Hành động trong quá trình xảy ra xung quanh thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ)
th

●At the turn of the 20 century, scientists were making many discoveries in
physics and other sciences.
Temporary situations in the past.
(Tình huống tạm thời trong quá khứ)
●Greg was living in London at the time.
Two or more simultaneous past actions of certain duration.
(Hai hay nhiều hơn hành động cùng một lúc trong quá khứ ở khoảng thời gian xác
thực)
●Diana is -> was playing music while she was sewing.
Changing or developing situations in the past.


(Sự thay đổi hoặc phát triển của tình huống trong quá khứ)
●I was getting frustrated with my internet provider so I decided to change.
●The car was getting worse all the time. One of the headlights was gradually
falling off, and the engine was making more and more funny noises.
With frequency adverbs to describe repeated actions in the past
expressing annoyance or criticism.
(Với những trạng từ để miêu tả hành động lặp lại trong q khứ
diễn tả sự chỉ trích hoặc khó chịu)
●When Nina was in her teens, she was always arguing with her elder sister.
The future from the past. (Tương lai trong quá khứ)
●He was busy because he was leaving that night. (The decision to leave had been
made some time previously.)
Background description to events in a story. (Dẫn chuyện, sự kiện trong câu chuyện)
●They were walking in the garden. The stars were twinkling …
Past actions in progress interrupted by other past actions. (The longer

actions are in the Past Continuous; the shorter actions are in the Past Simple.)
(Hành động trong quá trình bị gián đoạn bởi hành động khác trong quá khứ - Hành
động dài hơn thì ở thể quá khứ tiếp diễn, ngắn hơn thì ở quá khứ đơn)
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●When Sean was shaving, the mirror dropped.
Actions in progress over a period of time in the past. (Hành động trong quá trình vượt
qua thời gian trong quá khứ)
●Daniel was playing video games all morning yesterday.
With wonder, hope, think to give a polite or uncertain meaning.
(Với các từ bơi vàng thì diễn tả sự lịch sử hoặc ý nghĩa không chắc chắn)
●I was wondering when I could talk to you.
●We were hoping you might have a free moment.
●I was thinking of joining the army next year.
EXPRESSIONS USUALLY USED WITH THE PAST
CONTINUOUS While, when, as, at that moment, the moment,
just, still.


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P
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P
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F
E
C
T
QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH
*****
Has/have -> had

AFFIRMATIVE
I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had started. (Started is the regular past participle form of
start.)
I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had hidden. (Hidden is the regular past participle form
of hide.)

II. NEGATIVE

I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had not started.
I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had not hidden.

III. INTERROGATIVE

Had I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it started?
Had I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it hidden?


IV. USE
Past actions which happened before other past actions.
(Hành động quá khứ diễn ra trước hành động quá khứ khác)
●We had lived next to the gym for a couple of months before I decided to join.
Past actions which happened before a particular time in the past.

(Hành động trong quá khứ diễn ra trước thời điểm cụ thể ở quá khứ)
●He had completed his work before tea-time.
NOTE:
When we use time expressions after, as soon as, before, by the time (that), when to say
that one event happened after another, we use either the Past Simple or the Past Perfect
for the event that happened first and the Past Simple for the event that happened
second.
(Khi sử dụng các từ chỉ thời gian được bôi vàng+ đỏ để diễn tả hành động diễn ra, ta
dùng cả quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành. Sự kiện diễn ra trước dùng quá khứ
hoàn thành, diễn ra thứ 2 dùng quá khứ đơn)
●When Carol (had) brushed(1) her teeth, she went to bed(2).
Completed past actions which had visible results in the past.
(Hành động hoàn thành trong quá khứ có kết quả hiện hữu)
● He was delighted (results) because he had found (action) a new job.
EXPRESSIONS USUALLY USED WITH THE PAST PERFECT
After, already, although, as soon as, before, by, ever, for, immediately, just, never, prior
to, since, still, the moment, till, until, when, yet.
Believe, be sure, decide, forget, know, realize, remember, suspect, think, understand.
It was the first/ second/ third, etc. time.

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P
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P
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F
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O
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T
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U
O
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S
QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
*****
I.AFFIRMATIVE
I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had been sleeping.

II. NEGATIVE

I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it had not been sleeping.

III. INTERROGATIVE


Had I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it been sleeping?

IV. USE
Actions continuing over a period of time up to a particular time in the past.

(Hành động đang diễn ra vượt qua thời gian đến thời điểm cụ thể ở quá khứ)
●When you saw us, we had been running for six miles - and we still had a mile to go.
Actions stopping just before a particular time in the past.
(Hành động đang dừng ngay trước thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ)
●We had been driving for about an hour when the engine suddenly stopped.
Past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the past.
(Hành động được xác thực trong khoảng thời gian có kết quả hoặc tác động rõ rệt ở
quá khứ )
●Her fingers hurt ( kết quả) because she had been playing(hành động) the guitar all
day(khoảng thời gian).
V. EXPRESSIONS USUALLY USED WITH THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
How long, for, since, before, all evening/ month, etc.