Bài giảng Hệ thống máy tính: Chương 1 - TS. Trần Thị Minh Khoa

Chap1: TỔNG QUAN VỀ KIẾN TRÚC
MÁY TÍNH (computer architecture)
GV: TS. Trần Thị Minh Khoa


(chap1 Tanebaum)(2t)
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Các khái niệm và định nghĩa cơ bản
Nguyên lý hoạt động
Phân loại máy tính
Lịch sử phát triển máy tính


Languages, Level, Virtual Machines


Contemporary Multilevel Machines


Computer Generations
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Zero’th Generation – Machanical Computers (1642-1945)

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First Generation – Vacuum Tubes (1945 – 1955)

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Second Generation – Transistors (1955 – 1965)

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Third Generation – Integrated Circuits (1965 – 1980)

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Fourth Generation – Very Large Scale Integration (1980 – ?)


Von Neumann Machine
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5 basic parts
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Memory
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Control Unit
I/O equipment

Memory consisted of
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4096 words
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40 bits per word (0or1)
Two 20-bit instructor or a 40-bit signed integer


PDP-8 Innovation – Single Bus


Technological and Economic Forces


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Disposable Computers
Microcontrollers
Game Computers
Personal Computers
Servers

Collections of Workstations
Mainframes


Personal Computers
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1. Pentium 4 socket

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2. 875P Support chip

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3. Memory sockets

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4. AGP connector

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5. Disk interface

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6. Gigabit Ethernet

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7. Five PCI slots

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8. USB 2.0 ports

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9. Cooling technology

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10. BIOS


Example Computer Families
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Pentium 4 by Intel
UltraSPARC III by Sun Microsystems
The 8051 chip by Intel, used for embedded systems


Intel Computer Family (1)


Intel Computer Family (2)

Intel Computer Family (3)