Luận án phó tiến sỹ Một số đặc điểm sinh thái học rừng tre lồ ô

a6 f)~1 HOC vA TRUNCHOC CHUVtN NGHltp
TRt1'iJ'NG B~I HQC TONC RQ'P TP. Db CHI MINH
~
c Au QUANGHI~N
MOT' SO
DAC
.
~
DIEM
I .
SINHTHAI HOC RUNGTRE LO6
(Bambusa procera A. Chev. et A. Cam.)
'-A "'- A
MIIN DONG NAN I'Q
Chovan ngonh: SINH THAI - Me IE;t 01 . 05 -10
TOM TAT LU!N AN PHQ utN 51 KHOA HQC
-" '-' ' ._\
r~\~\i\-\/,:.J('.' ; ~\!~ \~
! , . . ~ " I \ l-
I THUii':"j",C ~II.~L,r
\ . - . ~".j
! > " \
\~,~
tH.i.NH PH6 HO CHr MINH
1987
luOn an dirge holm thanh IQi B9 men Sinh moi, Khoa Sinh h9C
Tnrbng 9Qi hQcTOngHgp Thanh ph6 Hd Chf Minh.
NgU'c7ihU'ang do, khoa hQe; G 5 T5 PnUNG TRUNG NGAN
NgU'bi nh9n xet I:
Ngll'ai nh9n xet 2:
Ca quan nh9n xet:

luQn an s~ dU'gcb60 v, tQihQidong ch6m luQn." Nha nU'6'e
hQp tQi Twang 9Qi hQc TOng Hgp Thanh ph6 He ChI Minh vao
Iuc: ngay thong nam
Co th~ Jim hiAulu9n an IQiTnU'vi'n.
l2i¥i
" ,.
ntJt
ldu
C'-hiemd'~n ti.h haft 150. 000 ha tQi mi~" Dong N"m b~
rung Tre ll)
0 hay r&"g Ll) 0 vva la ngubn nguye" li~u quaM
Ir9ng cho (6ng nghi~p gilSy va li~u th~ cong m9 ngh, xu6!
khltu vuo la d6i t"Clng nghi@n c60 khaa hQc 19 thu v~ cae qui
luSIf linh thai hQCc~a rung nhi~t d61.
Hi;n toi, ,ung Lb 0 da va dong bi khoi thae m9t e6ch tvy
I.," (khoi Ihac Irllng;"cf61 'ling lam r6)', 16y mOng bira bai ,
pen di;n '!ch, eh6t I"Clng va khc!JpOng tung c6p li&n tye cl1a
,irog bi gic!JmtU~ m9t each nghiem I'Qng.
&~ phye h6i v'n 'ling, pong coo pOng ~y61, eh6t luClng
,irng, vi,c lien hanh "hOng nghien ccrucac d{Jcdi~m sinh :hai hQc
lam ca .6 khoa hQc cho vi,c knoi Ihac va .{, dyng hap Iy lai
"guyen 'ling ll) 0 la van dli "hel SUCc6p thith.
, . ~,
~h~n mqt: TONG QUAN VA PH(ftrNG PHAP NGHIEN LUU
ChU'ang I i llCH Slr NGHIEN c(ru RUNG TItE lO 0
MQe du 10 loai T,. qUO" IrQng nhlll Nom bQ, nhU'ng tho
den nay, cae c6ng I,inh khc!Josat rung lo 0 con quo tt va chi
mai t9P trung vaG cae khia cQr,h: Phon 10QIIhY'cv9t (lecomt.
M. H, 1912: PhQrn Hoang HQ, 19721, dleu Ira hi,n trQng loi
nguyen rung (Vi,n dreu Ira qni hO9Ch rung, 1983), chIt bien

b~f gi6y fir lo 0 (Chou CY'Xu, 1964; Nguy~n YOn Hlen, 1973)
k9 thu(ltlam sinh (ly ThQ, 1979; lam Xuan Sanh va Chou Quang
Hi~n; 19d4)
. . va ch"a co tong lrinh nao khoo lal khfo cQnh
.inhlh6i h9C cuo rCr"g. .
NnJn chllng, cae k~t qua hi.n co con fU'ang d6i sa 1U'(jJcVO
to nhi~u di~m chU'a th6n9 nh~t nhou nhU' xac dinh ten khoa
t;9c, ki~u sinh "U'CIn9cua lo 0, cae (hi tieu k9 Ihu{ll cuo phU'ang
thCrech{Jt cl,Qn '" dOng thoi con nhieu vaQ d~ co bon co y
-2-
nghta quon frQng ct6i vai vi~c sUodvng hgp Iy lai nguyen rllng
lO
0 nhu d{1c di ~m hinh Ihanh, dien fhe, sinh kh6i, nOng suet
rllng chua dugc khoo, s6t.
Ke thlro cac ket quo da dQf dugc trong c6c nghien CIlU
truae day, mi,leHell cua lu?m qn, nay la du-(j'igoe dQ sinh thai
hQC,ti~p tve di§u
ha thY'C Ie g6p phan khao sat mQtso d{1c
dit\m sinh thai hQe cua fling ,Lo 0 mien' Gong Nom BQ la~ co
sa khaQ hQCtho v!~c de xual phlfo;lghuang,khoi th6c va nljOj
ClU'angrl/ng mC}teach hgp Iy hon.
'. ,.~ ~ "
Chuang 2: NQI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAp NGHIEN CI1U
I'~' NQ1' DUNG' N,GHIEN CI1U: '
Can ell vaa myc tieu eua lu{m 6n va cae chi dan cuo
UNESCO, UNDP, FAO, 1978 ve nghien CIlUh~ sinh thai rllng
nhi~t d6i vaa dieu ki~n cv th~ (UOflIng Lo 0, cac n{li dung
chinh duge l{tp trung. khco sol Irong ju{tn an nay la cae c{1c
diim hin'h th'anh, dieMIl1e, sinh Iruang tau Irue quar1 thi, uac
tfnh sinh kh6i va nOMa suat cuo qUaM thi to 0 trang dieu

kitn phat tri~nbinh Ihuang hoy du6i lac dQng cuo con
nguai. Trim co So' do de xuat mQt
y kiin ve bi~n phap k9 thU91
khoi thac va nuoi duO'nghgp Iy lai nguyen rll~g Lb 0 de Ihiet
th"c phvc V;Jsan XUaf. '
I I. PHUONGPHAp NGHIEN ClrU :
I) Phuong phap luQn: 9§ gici quyet mvc tieu va nQi dung
nghien ciru neu Iren, phuong phap luQn ng"ien CIlUd{11'co sa
fren, lu{m diEim 4:sinh thai ph6! sinh quan the ~ \Thai vOn Trlrng
1970) vQn dvng vaa dieu ki~n cv Ih~ cuo flIng La
0 la mc?t quan
th~ thll sinh, co eeJutruc (dc}ng:. va hang nOm rlrng tei sinh
vo tinh bang' each sinh mOngoXual ph61 tll cac d{1etrung nay:
- Vi~c khoo sol d{lc du!m sinh mOng da dugc chQn nhll
1a di6m, ehu y~u xuyen qua toon be?luQn an d~ khoo sat "dc}ng
thai" rlrng Lo
0 vi d{1c diem sinh mOng dong voi Iro quan
tr9ng trong qua tdnh hlnh thanh, xu hl/ong dlEtntho, kilo nelng
,-,3'~
,p.hyc hc!,)i,,s,!b4en d9ng vl! sinh kh6i, C(]U'ru~/nOn; sueSt
,.Q)'a Clu~n 1,116,1.:0O. .
.:' ~'e~ .ih~ h'i~n voi fro cua con ngU'oi trong qua trinh diAD
Ihe Ill'" sinh, tong lac Ihu nh9p so li~u Ihl{e te da dllge b6 tr;
"h~o. phuong Ih,(reva m(rc d9'aC d9ng cua c.on ngU'oi, ap dvng
phllOl:19 pnap sinh. thai hQCso $anh, phuong phap. suy dieD
. Clements, FiE, 1916) d6 nhQn dinh va phan tich kat qua.
(
2) Phuong phap thu th9P va xli Iy s6
h9U: .
'Con9 tac'tnu IhQp sO li~u IhY'c Ie da dllqe lien hanh ireU

caekhu Vl/Cphon b6 chinh cuo Lo 0' mien &ong Nom 89; Phu6c
Long (560g Be), Vlnh An (&on9 Nol) IU- 1980- 198:>va eJieu
tra bO sung tQI Nom Cal Tien (&ong Noi) tu- 1980 - 1987.
&6i tl/gog va phQm vi, khao sat 16 cae qUaD Ih6 Lo 0 a
cae trQng thai rung ma Lo 0 chiem I/Uthe (0 r~t 1rong to thanh
rtlng -10 cae khu Vl/Cdang kinh doanh J<Jnphbm chinh 10 Lo
0- boo 90m IrQng Iha. ru-ng Lo 0 10 gia " (nhll cac trQng Ihal
r!)ong La 0 xeD go, Lo 0 thuon 10QI, hinh thanh Itl lau dong
phat tri6n dn dinh, chuo bj con ngllai liep lye tat d9ng) ,va cae
tr~mg thai rllng Lo 0 "phvc h6i '0 sou khi bj khoi thoe trtmo
hoQe lam ray dang a cae giai do,:," phye hoi khae nhou IIi I
den I nOm. Tuy nh!en, d6 11mhieu ve nguon g6e phat sinh rOn;, ,
dQc dl6m taU Irue va tai sinh cuo cae Ir Cong Ihai ru-ng go
nguyen sinh (dl~m Lo0), ru-ng go xen Lo 0 eOng da dll9c
khao sat. . .
V6i Illng n9i dung, da ap dvng cae:phuong phop thu IhOp
i6 li,u Ihkh hqp;
- - Qo.o tdnh dieD the d<;tcdl6m eau Iruc q\J~n xa rung,
ea",tru, quan th~ Lo 0 da dugc dieu tro Iren 54 0 lieu 'chu{1O
(O,lho) theo phuong phap 0 lieu chubn (XUCOSOVIv. N, 1957;
Thai Van Trung, 1970) ket hgp v6i phuong ph6p ve bi~u do
phau di~n (DavIs, T. A. W va Richards, P. W, 1933 - 1934).
- Hinh Ihoi vo .sinh Irvo-ng cua Ihan ngam, mOog, thon
: 4-
khi sinh, hOd U> 0 dU',?,ekhao sat va me ta (theo Ueda,-K,
1960; Le Nguy&n, 1971; Tran a(re HQu, 1985) bang each :d'c2o
goe than ngam, rhea dCii $1/ sinh
mOng trong suot mu~ mU'o
nam 1982. .
- Sinh khoi va nOng suet fling dU'gc thu th{lp theo phU'ang

phap ffcay tieu chubn blnh quon
If vQndvng cv th~ vao dieu
ki~n rli'1g ld 0 tren 16 e 'tieu chubn 0,1 ho (Kiro, T. va CI",
1967; Crow, T. R. 1971).
- Tinh chat hoo hQccuo dat, than khi sinh, la, vQt rvng
ite 0 dU'ClClay mcwva phon tich tQiVi~nKyThu(1tNong Ng~i~p
mien 90ng Nom Bova TrU'cm99Qi HQcNOng lam thanh phiS
-He Chi Minh. . . .
&~ dam b~o mllc d9 tincQY can thief tho cae nhQn xel,
ket luc}n, phU'Q'ngphap thong .ke sinh hQc da dU'Clesli d¥ng
,!rpng vi~c xay dvng cae phU'O'ngtrinh hei qui giO'o kich thU'C7c
:c:,o<:t:l9 phon, 'Ii\}9 kkh thuoc va trQng 1U',?,ngtheo cae chi don
:S:U.oOgowa, H va elv, 1»61, Sobhosri, S. va ctv, 1968. Tuy nhien
~9C phU'O'ngphap quon sat, mota van dU'Cle IIi dyne khi can
t:,j~t,
. .
Phttn hai: KtT QUA vA 'IRAO LU~l"J
~I :' . " '" , " , . - " . .t
ChU'ang 3: e~c alEM HINH THANH VA XU HlJ'ONG DIEN THE
I. Hocn tanh sinh thai khu vve phtln be cuo Ld 0:
(; mien &ong Nom B91fling Lo 0 phon b6 tren m9' khu
Vile r9ng Ion, d{1c bi~I tQP trung thanh /I bi~n Tre II a huy+n
PhU'acLong(S'ong Be), VTnh An (&6ngNai) va rei roc han a
Nom Cat Tien lBong Noi),
Khu vl/c phon bo cuo Lo 0 a coo d9 100 - 450m. dio
hin'" d9ng doi thap den doi coo, khl h9U nhi~t dai gio muo
-5~
; , '
"v6i "T~ 25,2°C, h)'<}n9 mlla coo P = 2059 mm,v6i90% tOp
frung vea muc: mllO (thong 4 - II), muo kho ng60 haD (chi

'"i6 ThQi Van Trling X
= 4.2. I), Iren nen d6t ,feralit n6u do
no,u ,vang fren do bazan, feralit xam Yang, vang do tren phien
thQch.la cae 10Qidat co fang d61 sau
(> 60 em),' Ih06tthuy
; ~6t, khong ng9P veo mua mlla.
Cae quan sat thl[C Ie eho thay va phon be, co 51[ phon
hoa ro r~t glO'a La 0 va Tre Gai (Bambusa orundinaeea willd)
cOng la m9' loai Tre quan IrQng
a mien &5ng Nom' 69: ,Tre
Gainlhuang Xval lii~n a nai thap, dOl b&ngven song su6i, d6t
.xom trim granit thllong bj ng9P lap xap vao mug mllO. SI!
khat bi~, ve yeu cau sinh thai nay can dU'<}cehll
y Irong qui
hoQeh vung ehuyen eanh cho m6i loai. '
Cae dieu ki~r1 sinh thai nau fren chi mal eho Ihoy 'dQe di~m
cOG khu vl{c mo Lo 6 co kho nang xam chie" va !no rc}ng di,n
tich/la tien de can ,hie! -IlhU'ng thtra du gioi thie, 51{plio!" 5i'nh
,mc}t di~n tieh rCrng Lo 0 bQt ngan n;,ll hi~nIQi. Hori 'nO'a' th'r,~h
'ling vOi dieu kl~n$inh thai -nau Iren, thom Ihl/'- Y91r~rig nguyen
sinh a day' 'do /0 rlrng dm thvong 'xa'nh mva mu~ nhi~t"dal
.v6'i SVI1Uthe'cua looi cay go hQDau (Dipteroearpac'eae",rihU' DCiu
,.J6 bong (Dipterecorpus t,vrbinotus Gaertri.l, Saoden (Hopeo
:'Qdorato Roxb.) a fang vuql ,einh~n gluo v6i cae loai-khai;;~hU'
,H'uynh ITarrietia ;aYOniCa 81.) Cay Jrvingia maJoycino Oliv~),
Lirn50ng (P ltophoru:n da5yrachis KUiZ), xen Ian m9t It 1001
'Jyng fa mua kh9 nhU' 6ang Lang (Lagersfroemia' sp.) '.
'trongdo,o 51{hi~n d'4n ,uo to 6 du6i Ian rCrng nhU'ng
,phon b6 roi la"'56ng "khiem 16n"ya voi tro hau nhv kh6ng
; d6ngke. KIC~urllog nguyeri sinh noy hi~n fQi con hi~n di;.n

filng mong di~n lich nhe a Bu Gia M9P (Song Be), Nom cat
,'TIEm~\aoog Noi). Nhll the, co th~ nEw gio thuyet r&ng d~n
tich bQt ngon cuo Lo 0 hl~n IQi co nguon g6c tCr Lo 0 Irong
.rllng gO,nguyen siph va qua tlinh hinh thanh, dien the CUD
chung
lah9"' quatac d9ng cuo c)n ngv6i den thorn rCrng
[19~yelJ.s:nh :~ khl.!vI/' nay.
-"!'"6.!!!!.
, "
II VAITRO CON NGU'al TRONG SI! HiNH TH~H VAl
,: OIEN 'THERUNG:
nRClng Lo Ohinh thanh U, rClnggo nguyensinh J Tac d9ng
d(ju ti.en va tren qui mo Ian tu- XQxU'a den ruftg nguyen sInh
hi ,nc;m-ph6 rlinglcim ray cua dong boo dan toe Stieng :va- s(jn
day (hI 1960 den nay) la anh hU'ung n{lng na, cOo chat d9c
hoa hQc cua de quae M9 va vi~e khai thac ru-ng bU-Qbai theo
.hU'ang lay di cae cay go qui cao to va chlio IQi CCf:,cay kern
gia: tddU'a den hQu qua 10 r~n9go bi va. .tan va ngheoki9t
d(jn cae loai go quI. Trong hoan canh sin!' thai mainay. ,10
; 6 vbi nhilng d{lc di~m cua m9t loai ti€m ,phone, U'a sang, cco
diau kitn xam chiem khoang Ir6n9 b&ng co 2 con dU'ang vo
vo tinh Idn,hilu tinh: HQtLa 6 (n&m sOn trong dot hoCjc dU'qe
phat tan tu- noi khac den) 9CjP dieu kit". thu~1nIgi sanc!ty
mom de dang bien thanh cay con, Tu-cay con nay hang nam
mane dU'gcsinh ra hinh thanh cae the h~ ke Hap d~ saucvng
thanh byi Tre La Q. 1uy theo mCrcd9 lam ray. khai quong,
khaithac va va tan cua ,(rng go ma freonthve te, co th~ 99P
~hi~u trc;angthai trung gian v6'i cae mCrcd9 U'uthe khac nhau
cua cay go va ~a 0 thee hU'6'ngLa 0 hoa rung g6: rClng g6
)Cen ~a 0, ,Clng La 0 xen go, ru-ng La 0 thu(jn loc;ai. '.

Khao sat lap cay tai sinh a cae: trc;angthai rClng nay cho
th6y khi cay go con U'u the- so vai Lo - 0 (rung g& xen Lo~O)
,thl lap cay go tai sinhphong phu (2800cay (> Im)I he) thu9c
cae loai :Dau la bong, Go mQt, Binh linh; B~ng lang, Cay,
Tram, TrU'ang,Long moog, BCra.Co k6 ' co kha n6ng chan)
IQi fifth trQng va tan va tiep fve giO'vai fro U'u the d6i vaiLo-o
NhU'ng khi Lo- 0 da giD' vai Iro U'u the (rling L~- 0 xen g6'
. ,
fling La. 0 thubn 109i) lap cay gO tei sinh it hoi)etrung binh
'tit 00
- 1600 cay> Im/haJ phbn Ian IhU9C c6c loQi g6 nhe I
long mang, Co ke, Thanh ngQnh, Long ,mCre,56 ". nen tri."
v9ng phyc hai loi 51f U'Uthe cua cay go ta di~u kho co th~
xay ra.
Qua tdnh hinh thanh rling La. 0 Iii g6 thee hU'l1ng Lb. &
hoa flIng g6 nay ch6c ch6n to qua trinh tau dai, c6 5V cQnh
tronh d~ gianh U'uthe tling IUt,t,,"S ngi tUOcay g6 hQ9C La .'Q.
"'~~-'7-
2) R\rhglb. 0 hinh thanhtren dat visn 10 euar&ng lb;, 0&
Sou khi hin; thanh tll fling go. cae trQ'Igthai rl1ngLo-0 (Lo-o
.en go~ L) -6 tnuchl 10Qi ) IQi tiep t c bi toe dgng bol eon!
ngU'ai: pbarl1J1g Lcho lam ray, khai t~hQc,rang,L9~ 0 $au khi;
bi tac d9ri9, do khlJ "nang lai sinh vB tj~h monh mi§,than ngam'
Lo- 0 van liep t c dam choi sinh mans hinh thanh . cae trQng
thai r\rng Lo- 0 "ph e hoi" sou ray, sou khoi thae trang. "
\ r\rngphve hoi, vai!ro U'u thecu-a Lo';"0 doi .vai cay go tang
'r~r,t vi lap cay 96 lai sinh 0 day kern phong' ph" va eh'-
y6u van Ii] cae cay go nho (long mllc, Co ke, Thanh ngonh)
thCrsinh mQcx.n vai Lo. 0, .
So v&i qua trinh hinta thanh r\rng Lo. 0 l\r rl1ng g6 nguyen

linn ,thia 'noj,vanda dat f\rng Lo-6 slf, hinh thanh (phvc ~Oi)
n;n9 Lo
. 0 diinra de dang va nhanh . chong han do da c6
16n h, thong Ihon ngam va kha nang tai sinh vo tinh niQnh
mi cuala 0.' .
" m9t GOnoi bi lam ray lien Ive, dat bi thoaihda. mQnh
.ml th80 hU'anggiam'd9 ph'" chua va Latedt hoo tQo dl~u kiin
tho'cae quan th6 Co IranI'! (Imperalo cylindrica (Lj P.'Beouv)
Co my (Penniselum polys'achyon (L)Schul1.1xam chiem va thay
,he Lo-O. , , .
Nh9n dinh chung ve d9C df~m hinn ,r,'anh va diin Ihe 0
",n9 La- 6 cho Ih6y: '.
- Rling Lo .0 dU'qc tac d9ng .16ng hgp cua cae nnan t6
tin~ thai: cac nhan '0 'V nhi~m (dia hinh, khi h9U, dot, h,
thvc 'vqL ) 10 tien de can thief, con ngl1Olla nhan to t90
,hoen eanh va kha nang tai sinh (hi:rutinh va 'vo tinh) cua to.
0 10d9ng Il{ccua qud trinh nay.
- Bay Ie qua ,dnh diln the ch+ch hU'ang.do riguyen'
nhan inh v9': Khi La- 0 eta xam nh9p va chiem U'uthe 'rong
t. thenh fling thi cay go kho co kh6 nOng phve hOi IQi vi Iti
U'u Ihe cuo no do kha nang tei sinh vo tinn mQllhme cOO lo. 0
da 16nat.
",'Mqc du 10I ling thli ~mh, tinh 6n djnh LUOf"ng/a 0 rat eGO
trongd.eu k"n bj Ci'.9t'rang, lam I at, chung van c6 kho hOng
phvc-hoil9i nhahh chong bang con dU'ong~o tinh, &iy Ie d{tt:
-':~-
: d6im 46ng ,qui" n~u b16t (;)I't kinh doanh hgp Iy th1 s! duy tr1
, kha n6ng nay giup rO'ngdQt n6ng lu6t ca~,. h9n ,ehe qucltrinh
"trang co hoa r&ng I~ o. ' , " _.' ~;:
, CBU'O'NG 4' r BIND THAI 'VA SINH TRU6'NG

I liJNH THAI I .
, ,
, ' Ket quo ph8n tich cae mau than ngbm, than khi $:in~,16,
hoa~ LO0, thu th9P a PhU'acBinh, Dakta, Bu ,Gla M9P~ Vtnh
.','An,' Nom C~t Tiencho th6y lb 0 d6i tU'gngkhbo sat eua lu9n
, an nay c6 cae dQc di~m sou day: , ' ,
Than ngem mQc eym, krch thU'aG coo 13- 15m, dU'ang kinh
7 - IOem, khong gai, 16ng bQng, vach moog, tQi b, la C«Silong
:~ trllng dai, mo Dang co toi khans phat tri~n,gie boa hinh'ov~1
, I)hQn d~p mang 5 - 7 hoa tfmtrong do co3 4hoa thy', e6 lei
nhO'ngdQc trU'ngcua loai BambuM procera A. (her ,et A. Cdin,
da dU'gcLecomte H 1913 vaPhQm hoang H9, 1972 mo la, Cac
d{lc tning nay khac ro r~t (n"61 la hoo) vat loci Schizosta6h-
. gum idllingeri Steud cung c6 ten dia phU'ang 10 Lb0 Igi~ho,a
hinh try, manh, I hoc Thy), ' .
II SINHTRUONG:
I) &Qc'diim sinh mang:
" .",. Si:nhfru'c,Ilg.cliathanngtlm: Than ngum lb &sinh trU'ang
,thee ki~u;hqp' trye va than ngam mai dU'ge sinh to chu yeu tl>'
"Jhan ngem cay'm~ I n6m tubi. Net d91 s6c eua than ngamLo a
'1'0co' kIth thirae kha dai (50.80em), dam hoi nghitng xuong d6t
trU'flakhi cong liD ra khoi d6t Ihanh mOng(gan gi6ng nh" loCal
,Melocanllab(!-lnbusoidesTrin, a An d9, do d6 Cae than khl sinh
trong bVLLIS,0 khong mQcsat vao nhau nin chU'a thay xoy ra
:-hi,n tU'gf1g<nang bVi), eay la Iqi d,~m coo,L6,0 v~ mQtkinh,
doanh r~ng,
- ani'ng Lo6 «ria) : Than ngem co sinh trU'ang- 60 djith,
-m~i Ihonngem m~ ,inh ra 4 - 5 than nge,m mai trong dti c6 I
,than ngem mai e6 kith fh.,,6'c w'ong dU'ang than ngem m~
" 'd c::::4.5. em) ph~t trieDthanhthan, khilinh '&oikhLc6 hi;n

9-
-'U'9ftgnglrng 's.nh frU'anga nhiJ'ng "oj b~i ph6ftri~nday d~c
'co 4 .Stha:f1 ngam m6'i cfl!u-kh5ng ph6f Iri~n thanhthan khf sin1ol~'
~Vao (d'c' nOm- sau, nett khan's sian dlnh dU'~ng "huQ'nIgi ,hon,
, chung van c6kha mOns ph6t tri6n ",onh than khi'sinh '
- acae trcmg thai rang £6 0' cpill!-ch(ji~'ivcio n(Jmcfa~ tien
sou khi,cay mebj chqt do hi kich thich-sinh Iyya 'khonggicJn'
song thu9n"gi nen 56',h,gog thon ngam m6'ilin~ gig timg (,5.7
than ng~ml:~ay me)cva tot 'ca,cfeu phat, tri6n thantt than, ~hi
sinh. "ieh thl1(u; cae than (190m m6'1 nay lat nh,o(d ';'" 1,:2cm) ,
do k~6ngcon,dlY rn~ nuoidU'p-ng. Vao -coe nOm sou, s6,1U'9ng
than ngam m6iph6ttri~n thanh than khi sinhgiam dCin'ccung
'~bi s"phy~ h61 kith thU'6"cc~a than ngam saJ .7.1 O"nom'phyc
hbl, than-'nga~ 'IQi sinh'1(U'orig 6~ djnh-nhu- q ufng, igia~.T6t.
d9 ph9ch6i'kfch fhU'ac than ngam sou ray ch9m hon ,,'au Ii\}iai"
thac 'fling. do dot, bj thoai hoc nhl~u hon.
. '
. Cae dQ.ngmiingt Khi li1ai'x~afhi," co' ;h~ ph6n' bi~t3
d\1ng mOng: ,nanh, (co oQng than ngam), mOns (cu» (dl}u t~on
cf9C. r~9tr'v'a ;mOng c6ng~.r(dQng ong nhQn; r6ng rv91) VOlti I,
binh qua'n khoong 10%, 30%,-60%. MC1-ng~ndnh~,mOng' acu.'
thvong t?il'hulchet, trOt IQoimOn,g<6ng, khoe linh,tnran.g nhqnh
ngay la~'khi xuat hi~n va, Ii I~ phat tri6n.ttlanh than 'khi,s,nh,.
cg4»(70,~,90%)., . ,,', " ' ,
, N9y'y~n, nhon don ,den u!.khac bl~tvl! hinh thai ban dau., ,
cua mOng, dU'<jJC:~ac djnh 10 do vi tri va kf.<:hthU'aec:hof: Moog '",
c6ng) JhU'ong dU'qc linh 111thai giiJ'a ("itri Ih(r3)c;iJ kith th'-tbc ,
to nhat (3t~":4'Ocm), con,mOng ~u tli ehbi,~. (;~,_4-2j7ctitj,'choi '
5 (2,0.'2,Jcm), MOogn,anh mQcnong to' ehoi 2 (2,,2,,'2,Scm),ch6i
1 (1,0-2,OC171)"" '" "

>. Mud lniing ~ Mua xvat hi~n mOng to 0 ke~ daH!) dbo' . ,.,
'hang 6 den 'cu6i thong 9 khbp v6imua mu'a fQFdaYltrong',dd,
cd th~',.phon:'bi;t vy sbm'(thang 6) 'vv mu9n(thang9).~a'-vy,
~hfnhFhang 7- 8). M6ngVIIchinn(55~75%) phbn Ian la;mOni
.6ng) ~oi'i t~ pnat Iri6n Ihanh thon khi iinh cootrongkhimOng- ',,'
vy sam va y miJ9n mQc roirac va IhU'ang bj itthui) (dl"
-'Flingltu:&ngciialllcing: Khi mai xuat 'hI'"'; m~'r;g ~o;,g')
Lo 0 fllOg 1rU'ang ce9m frong>T5,. 20 ngay (2 ~4cni/2,4gia-),iau
' '
, "-'
;
\
\:;
I \.
\
' .
"'-'
.t_
. ~':!"J Q-
d6 "hanh db" (10. 20cm/24gia) va 6n djnhtrong t~~i Oia~dai
"(55 -05 ngay), ~au cung 9 am di r~ fit. Nh" th,,~Ong -nhu tae
,'10ai'Tr8, trucnhift dOi ~hac, thai eian d~ m~n~ l~ 0 .sinh
. 'li'\farig hoan bl v~ kic.hthtrac 10 80. 100 ngay,
Do Iinh trU'angtheo ki6u hQp trye:
" -,Gllta c8ym, va mang L~ 0 I~n tQI m6i qua" h, ch9t
c:h~,,~ krch thU'bca diy me c6'dU'ang. kfrh Ian (7. 8cm) &"dl"h
,al sjnhmang c6 c6p kinhlan tU'ang dU'ang, 116i IQi,cOY
m,
,c6c6pkinh Mho (I .2~rn)sa sinh mane co o~p -1dnhnho(2. 4cift)
16~ han c8y m9 ~hut h d. dong frong q!Ja tr\nh phve h~t ,

- GiO'atha~, ngbm (mtn) va mOngo tOng I~n tQi qua,,'h+
=chQt cha v. ki,h thU'ac c6 ih~ bltu diG" bbng pt",aftg, trln.h
'hbi <4uituy'n tinh a-'
, " DM (em) = 0,2299 + 1,5513 DTN(cm)vOi'r == O,~4,
:vachuan ,tinc9Y : tr . 25,8> la (***) -
,,' . NhU''the, than "g~m Ian (c6p Hnt, 4'~5cm) lU'ang(rn.g~.~
mang 1,0'"(7.8), 'than ngbm Rho (I - 2cm) vai mong Rho (2. 3c~)
. S6JIl9'l1gvtikich thrzac mtJrtg: GiO'a kh6i 1"9"" vlJkkh
thu'6c: m'an; 'On tQI m91 tU'ang quan nghlc.h tU'anotY' -nhO"a
thanng~m: arerngLO 0 .gicJ)1U'9n9mangxu6thi," khoa.g
. 3500.4000 mal'lgI ha trong d6 1U'9'"9mane phat ti-i6n-thanh
th6nkhi sinh ft (900-1 QOOmang! ha) nl-,"-19mane c6 (,6p' kfnh
'U'anl duang nhll cay m, (7 8cm). Trai IQi , a rOonG
phvch~1
l\lqng' mong sinh ra kha coo vao nam th(r nh6t 15000,~d()'\O,
manS 'he) va t6t (lJ,-d~u phat tr;~n thanhthan khi sinh
nhung
taCmangnay c6 kich thU'ac kern (I -3cm). Vao cae nam'scui
,6 1U'9"9 mane mane phat tri~n Ihanh than khf sinh Siam d~n
(ung "tri s'l phyc:hbi dl2nc.ua kr<.I,IhU'c,cmane. Sou 7 - 8. Ram
phye 'hbi, a rOOnglau khai ,6, tr61'\ge6 s6 IU'9ng mane 1400.
1600 mane I ha val c.6p ki"h bj"h qua" cua mang gbn tU'aog
dU'ang vO'i rl)"'9 (gia) (7crn) (01'1a flIng sau raIl s6,1U'91'19
mane
co (dO han (1800 -2000 mane! he) nhU'ng thU'ang chl,dQt
c~p ~(n" 5 . 6cm do d6t bj thoai hoc nhi~u haft. , '
. MHnl lrlhui»:Kho6ng 40.75% Ib'1Q1U'9n9m~"9xu6t
bifndabJcthui)
en't khi chitv coo ,hila d'"3acm. _$hao- 8;l
«, , . . . ' .

' ,
"-:01
\ ' ' \ -~~H
l
i
'1("\ I .
'. )!. \ . '. .
~~~ \hi.n' f",ng ".6ng "'ulb n)ngphvc h~1lau khat fh6c frtlng7
iMam cho th~y mans vy U7'1'1va mllQn COIf I, Ihui \80.90%)
_Jcao han nhieu so vbi mans vv cl1ln" (10. 20%~ MCfang"onl1 bi
thui 100%. mOng cO 95% trong khi'tf ,+ nay it han among ong
.(35%). Nguyen nhan dan d~nh:,n fU'9ng fhui,cua mOn9 10 do
~9ng v{JIrirng (heo rirng va CUI)15%, sou b,nh hoj (b~"h 'nom
"6ng va IOUdvc man;) 30% va coc .nguyen nhon ~h6e: !cQnh
tranh d,nh C"~f'g va khong Sic n song) 55%.
'
Nh9,djnh chung v~ d{lc diem sinh mang cva to 0,1 0 'kcf':
- Dc si~h Ir\lOn9 Iheo ki~u h9P ""1e:Me" kith !hllat manS
co quaM h~ mQt ,'hi'. '<iaicay m, tubi I vt\ co cay hJ~j 2 trong
'vi;t cung cap ch6t dtnh dU'a-n" nuoi mOngo ,',
. - M6it"ang qua" nghithgirta56'U'9';9.;6,klChthu-aemOlig
tho'th6y kh6 nang xam chiem va ph c hbi !6 hrqng mQnh .m8
tUa Lo
0 tr~ng d'~u kit" quong tr6ng, khonang nay glom cbn
va co thiq hQ" ch' trO"9 di~u kj~n byi pho'f trier) cay dQ~
(hiin iU'9ng ngirng sinh fa\Ian g) .
- 'Kha nO<)gsinh t'\lang mQnhm8 coo mang «6ng) l~ 0
chI trongmQt muo n1U'a16d5 hogn b; v~ kith t~.U'ai:la diem
d~~is6c d~nden 11'0ngst.6t coo coa qu~n th6 nh\l sl phon tfch
~ phbn seu "

-~{r~ duod I, cthuiJ .onrog kh6 coo. nhU'ng56 'U'Qngmang
c~n'Oi(chuy'u III mansc6ng) cva vy chrnh}neu d\l9c baa v;
. phot Iri~n thanh than,Jthr ,in; s&la ngubn bAsung quon tr9ng
tho v6n rling giup r(,"g phy, hOt va ph6t trl~n. .
2) Hi~n tt'Qng ra hoa I Cqc quon sat thl/c ,~ cho th6y t~ 0
la IO'aj co d{u: d,tm ra hoo tung bvi, rai roc:,tlong fling hang
nam va freng vong 0.50 n6m nay C"U'Oth6y c6 h'~n f\19ng ra
hoo va bhu',) dbng 1091tren C;t'l'IIrch Ion. Soukhi ro hoo, bui
La 0 mong hoo '. ,h~t, coc bIJi,Ian c~n "'hong '0 hoa \lib s:nh
mang va ph6' rien binh thU'ong. ~6 1\19ng ~\li ra hoa ft af!ing
gio «1%) va nhl~u han a nine phyc hai (1 5%) nh6t la a
rung ph c he sou ray. &i;icbitt a cae khu VIICfling Lo 0 bl
C}9t do, 10m ray li&f1-fyc,IIi cae goc chi;ltcuo bvi La 0 Ihoy
vi sinh ra cae co.,h {tho mang 16 IQisin; ra 10- 15 canh nho
mon9 hoo (noo cch~.)). Sou khir(l hoo, tae byi-m~nil 1,00 ~"Oi
,Clns at ,h6t.
:-12-
Thenghi~mgieo hQt loO ~ho th6y 100% hQ!lb ' 0 n~y
momva . hinh thanb cay can de dang khi co diituki';n am:d9 '
thich hQ'p. < '" '" , ,. '
Cacket qua khan $a'fnay thuyet minht.hemkha hang xam'
chiem c60 Lo 0 d6i vai rlrng go bang con'du.cmghD'utrnhtrong,
qua trinh Lb 0 hoa rO'",ggo nht!eta trinhbay a phCindien the:"
, '
" , '
ChU'ong5:CAU TRueQUAN THe'
, ,
f. KET,CAU Tuer: '
, ,
I) Xac dinh tu6ithan khl sinh LoO : Can, c(Jovaa mau s6e'

va IV ph6t :triin tUg 'dig ylr~ntha-n chinh".$V phatttiin c~nh .
va II[ ton tQi cuo mo non" to co. ih~ xay dY'",rdU'.Q'c bang xac
djrih tudithan khr~in~ Lo 0 thee kinh thai ben ngaai phyc vy
tho vi,c ch9n du~EI ~6i 'tU'gng, khl khoi thac: , n "
- Tuoi 1: Than" m'oUxonh 'lU'oi, phulap ph6n saptr6ng,
CthU'ocodiay,' con. mo ncng. ' .
-, Tuoi 2:Than mau xanh tham,' djan ylac dae gan g6c
(5. 10%) mang;'nhi~u can't, nhe, dQc than, khans c~nm. nang.
Tuoi;J! Than mau'~onh. thdm, loang lod6m Jr6ng xam 'CUQ
dig y (30.50%), khong con mo nong. .,'
Tu13i4va ,?-4: Than mau xamtr6ng do IVphat tnin
day dQc eu,adio Y(~o. 130%),pl1QnVOlhanl9Jaco ma", xonh
tham ho{lc c:;huy~n sangvan~, khong'con.mo' ncJOg~
2) Tu6i thanh thvc va mvc ho~a: ,
- Tudi thanh thvc toi sinh cuo Lo 0 10t.uOil': mane Lo0'
dU'Q'csinh ch\J yeutlr than ngem cpymt; I nOm tuOi. "
- TuOi thanh thvc cons ngh, cuo Lo 6 10 'ubi 3: Lo 0 tu6i
3.4 thlch hQ'p nhch cho vi~c che, bIen b9f ,gioy va cae (On,9
4vng khdc ' , ,',,' '
A" ' ,
, -Tu6i, thQ cuo LoO tU'ang d6i ng6n : a to6i 5c6 hitn
tU'Q'ngnga vans batdau 'co nhifng vet myc va Ian fato~n than
lam cho than khi $inh mv(;.va chet kho trongrO'ng vod lObi 6.
" .( ! : "
3JI(ETCAUTUOI: "", " "
(; (O'n910 6 «gia', tll~ cay thorih thvcc6ns- ngh~ C;i!>3
-~~:3-
tu~i) la 59,1% ,cao ban cay non (40,9%), so h,qng cay chel
mlJcb&ngho9c cao ban c:hutit so vai 1U'91".9mong 6iMhr-ohcmg
, r"am~Tr6iIQj~a rllng Lo6 «phvc:hOi»;IfI~ c'oy'nonthU'angcoo

,han ,-ay.thonh thvc' cong ngh~ va tt I~ n'ay"'hoy aOi dCilri,sou
6. lnam phl"lC:hOi cQt den trQngthai can bang (non: 50%,
'tbonh thl"lc: 50%1. Neu khohg CObi~n phap tac; a90g; It I,no'y
,.ij tieptvc biiftnaOi'theo hU'ang lOng don cay thanh Ihvi:$0
vai c:ay nonnhU' a rOng LO 6 cgia»., '
NhU'the, rri9C du tuOi thQ ngon, flIng LO6 lam91 quan Ih~
khactuO. tU)~t aoi trang t(,ng bl"li va C6 quan Ih6. Moicap
lubi, giO' m9t vai fro nhat ajnh trong II' phal Iri~n cuo F\tng:
tubi I : sinh mOng; todi2 : gap phonnuoithan ngam; tubi3, 4.
thonh thl"lC:cong ngh~ Ihich hgp cho khai thac fit! dvng; tu~i
5, 6
; qua thanh thve;va co toe dvng hQn che "I sinh mODe do
, chung chiem khong giansong- co tren khong va aU'ai dare
II) KET CAU MA,T&9 vA. &lIONG KiNH I
- (; fl1ngLO6 «giG)m91a9 quan th6 Lo,6 khoang 5000.
5500 c;ayIho vai cap kinh binh qUaDOn ajnh 7. Bern.SIfphon
be so cay Iheo cap kfnh a day la phan bo cchuan) day phan
bo fhU'ang co 5 cap .kfnhva so cay t9P trung' chu yau a cap
krnh binh quan, cap kinh Iren va dU'aicap kinh binh qUaD.99C
aiimnay cho thay tinh On ajnh coo cuo quaDth~.
- (; rl1ngLo6 «phl"le;hOi»sou khoi thcic;hang, m9t a9 rling
phyc hoi tOng nhonh IIi Dam th(r nhat (5060 cay/he) den nOm
th(r IU'(9240 cay/he) do khong giol1 dinh oU'ang cen ,ho phep
va hang 'hOrn Il1ng aU'gc bo sung m91 IO'gng mOng dang k~.
Toc a9 phve; hOi aO'ang krnh trong gtOI doQn nay kha nhonh Iii
'I,Bem (nam Ih(r nhat) den 4,5cm (nam th(r tU').TI1 Dam th(r nOm
(8580 cay/ho) den nOm Ih(r bay (6800 co)/ho) m9t c9 giam
den vi hang 10QI cac co Ih~ cO'kfch IhO'ac nhe cuo cac Ihe
h~ abUlien bj Chefmye;dO'6ifan, sou do hep tve giam ch9m
den m9t d9 rl1ng Lo6 «gia) neu khOngco bi,n ph6p tac a9ng

Ihrch hgp. aU'ong krnh binh quan cue thon khf sinh tiep tvc tOng
Irong giai doc;m nay nhO'ng vai loc
a9 ch{1mhaD va aQIIQi Ir;
so-nhU' FlIng gia (7cm) sou 8. 10 nam phvc hoi.
=-\1:4~
,- . . '
, .4 ' . ,
Oru-ngL~ 0, phVC:hoi theo'ray,: qua tririhphvchor~9
49'vadU'ang kfnh 'tU'ong tv nhU'sau khdi Jt\ac trang vart6c'49
phvc hoi dU'angkinh chgm hart (1;4c'infnamthCrnhat 3,7cmlti~m
thCr'to" 4,8cMfntirrither bay ,) v~ cap kinh 6n djnh chr~9t
khoang5.6cm 'thap han rllng Lo0 cgich do'datbj thoaihoa.
Trai' IQi,m~t dQ a ,tllhg'to 9'phIJC hoi sou:tOy cao hOri-$,ou
'khai that tiling 10- 20cy~~ dlh~mQt thai gi~n phvc hoi. . , '
, 6 co 2 trQng thai ru-ngphvc hoi, sl{ ph6n ,b6 s6coy thee
cap kfnh, 10 $'1 phonbo bat ~~ixCrng vai~day 'pho,n be$.6.7
cap kfnh va, i~(,.h ve phie trai cho thay "jnh chat chU'a 6n djnh
cua quan Ihi. Sou 6.7 nOm ph , hoi, don don quan Ih~ s! co
,.
sl{ phon bo chuah 5 cap kinh 6n djnh nhlt riing,Lo agio:
I . ,'" , ."
, Nh{Jndjnh chung ye ket cau m91d9 va dU'angkinhquan
thi La 6 cho: t.hoy ,q co 2 tr(lng thai n)n,g ~Q 6 cgia) Va phQC
hoi deu co mouthuon: ru-ng Lo6 «g,O)co kith thU'accoy To
(7.8enl) nhU'ng s~ 1U'C;mg,~an~ m6i sinh ,hang nOm kern do II{
khongche eua cac coy qua thanh Ihvc, hi~n dl~n Irong quan
the.Trai IQ'irk~'ai,thac 'rang hoc;.c lam r.fJylhi'kfcn'thich "$\1'sinh
'mang, nhU'ng Id-m
giarn n9hiem trQng kich IhU'acthan khi s'inh.
Gi,aj quyet 'mau 1huonnay bang c6Ch tQo'ra m9t ket taU' hqp

Iy'ca VI!.0 hrgng Ion, kith thU'ac thong qua phU'ang thCrck~~i
:thac hgp Iy la yev cau kh6ch qnanvc cap thith CUG'San xu6t.
".
11; 1.K.~TCAU <:HIEU,CAO :
CiJng nhU' dU'tfng kinh, ru-ng Lo-o cgic) c6 chieu coo' Li'nh
quantan nh6t -14,4m (8. 19m) trongkhl chieu caoL6. 0 a cae
trQns thai ru-ng phvc' hoj thap ban nhieu: Sou 7 nOm ph c h~1
-chi dQt 12,6m (6.1 7m) sou khoi that trang va 9,9m (5. 15m)
IOU ray.' . , ,
Gillo 'd~n9 kinh va chi~u coo thankhi sinh Lo- 0 ton tQj
m9t lU'ang quan chc;.1the co thi dU'gc th~ hi~n bang; c'a~
phU'ang Irinn hoiqui: lH: (m) ; D:(cm)].
H1
= ., 0,2407 D2 + 4,9230 D 8,1213
vai, r 0,81, chuan tin c{tytr = 32,4>t3 (***) (ning Lb ~ 0
gig)" '
.~t5-
H3!= - O,!900D2 + 3,6160D - 3,5800 voi r. = 0;79 va
chulin tin c9Y tt ==33,82 > ta ( *) (phl,lchoi sau KTT)
Hs = - 0,088402+ 2,15350 - 0,0723 vat r = 0,80 va
chuontin c9Ytr = 38,S > ta ( ***) (phyc-hOi sou r.oy).
Cae dvang hoi qui trim eho thay : a cae cap dU'an~fkinh
cao ban, 'mCrctOngve chieueao da it han YOa cung rriQ'c6p
dU'bng kinh, chl4~ucao cuo than khi sinh a rCrngLa 0 phy,
hai (nbat la, sou ray) thap haMso v6"irCrngLa0 «gichdo dot
dab; thoai' noo.
, " . '
Nh9n dlnh chung ve cau true q':Jan th~ cuo to 0 cho,Jh6y:
- Cae d9c d;ltm cua hi~n 1119ngsinh mOng th~ hl~n r5 a
,c6u true quan thlt r\Tng lam cho quan Ih~ rung La 0 co eau

true rieng khat hon voi r\Tnggo trong do c6 Ih~xem10h'Q'ng
'diy voi dU'ang kinh rieng a mOi cap lubi 10 mQt cphon tlr
r&ng e6 chCre nOng khae nhau d6i veri qua trinh phat triftn
c\la Jl)ng va qua trinh nay (co a IrCjlng thai FlIng cgia) va
phye hoi) 10 qua trinh «doi mal) r\Tng hang nOm bang each
thay the (,ae phon IIi rung cgia eoj) bang coe; phon Iii rung
coon) theo hinh IhCre«191
xac» dan.
- " r"ng Lb 0 cgia). qua Irinhdbi m6"ivbn duy tri t6u
true bn ~inh cua rCrng,frai ICjli C rCrng phyc hOt quo tlinh dOi
m6'idiAn ,a theo xu hU'ongfang don kith thU'oe binh quan,
tang nhanh sou do glom dan m9t dQ, thuyltn t" sv U'uthe cua
cay fobi non sang coy thanh thyc, nghTa Ia tien don den trCjlng
thai 6n d;nh nhll r\TngLo 0 cgia).
Chtrang 61 SINH KH61 vA. NANG SUAT
,
I. SINH KHOla
I ) Tr9ng 11I9ngkho c6 th~ L~ 0: T'909 1119"0'e6 th~
to 0 bien ,hlen theo tubi Ian dU'ang kin" than khi sinh tl)
I,2kg Ilubi I / cap kinh I den 22,5kg I tuoi 3 / cop kinh IX.
Theo lu6i, is c.ungm9t cop kinh, trqng 11I9n9thop nh6t a tu~i ,
tOng "hanh len tu6i2, tang t.hl)m den tu6i 3 va bn dinh C
cae tu6i t.oo han con Iheo dU'ang kinh, a eung m9t tubi, 16c
d9 lOngtf9ng 11I9n9c6 fh~Cangnhanh khi dllcng kfnh congIon.
, ~".;.:16:r-
.'
~"S'l
R,bAnb6 Ii I~ eae.bQ'pJiQn trone, ftQng' 't,u9Rg,~c~ th~
nhU' ~QUi t~~n~hisinh,(4Q77(}%kcQtih'(lo.~2j%)"I'a' (,1Q 20,%).
~>Th~,r!n9Am 0.0. 15%l,lrOl)g ,,($.9JhO!1 khfsioh va than 'Ul~m it

bienlhien '11)~o f;~6izcon 16"y?Jcanh It a lu6i I' V.{JI'Ihilh~ ,h(lO
a cCl(;tuOi co.o han." , "
, ' ," ,;' , . ,,' . - p. '
, ,.~a ~~acl~.p~du.gc moi quan h~ btlng cae phuong Jrlnl'Ln:oj
. .:9ui,: .' .'. ':
'>.'; ':0-glO'o frQI1Qthan ngam va IrQng lU'gnglhariktH sinlH
PTN (kg)
== 0,1622 PTKS(kg) + 0,2186 voi r =0;96' va
c:liucmtinc~y'lr :=' 61,5 > t3(*.*)" ,
, '; ,.gIO'O trQng 1U':qngvo klch ihU'oc than khi sinh:
PTKS(k'g')' '0,2163 (D2H)Oi5424(em:!.n)) val 1'=0,,92 va
(;chuan' linClr't II' ,",83,63 > 13(*** ) ,
'., giO'o IrQng lU'gng va kfr;;hlhU'oc thanngam:
,.PTN (g) = 112,66 (D2l)O,4066(cm2.cm) voi r = 0;91 va
ehu.cmtin cQY ,II' ==34,1 > 13(***) , "
, '
2} Sihhlht)j' qiLOoIh~ Lo 6: Khi knaosat sinh kh6i qubn
th4Lo 0, de Hnh loan sir1h"kh6, kha Ihoctia frQngi,,~ng'k"'o
coc"than khh.inhcotu6i ;?3,d ;?6cm) lam cd sa thO vi~c
Hlntr'toan '5cml\J~,"g'khai' thac. " . ,
, '
,'. ~ cRlt~g f6q~gi'cu'~6; 'lc5n~g sihh lh6i8i!04~6r1/ha,cQO
~nh6r'ir<>n~.'~o~.tr9ng)~.6j"1 ~h~} khao salvI m9c d~m9(:'d9
'qu~,n0fh'~;"kh6rig coo (5'o'OO~'5590d1y /.ho)nhU'ng kfch,:'thY~c
ca th~ coo' 10do bu IQi.Th6il khl$IOh ICiphanquan'tr~n'g 'g~'61
(54,25 tan/ho) chieq164,6%so v6icanh.,14.~%#lo9,4!()/Jbqn
ngem 11,2% trong do 'sinn kh6i khalhoc 10 30,21' 'fari/flo
chiem tl I~ dang k~ (55,8%) 50 Val sinh khoi than ~h(,~inh. '
, "'" ' " .,' ,
~"i; ;.~ S.,Q~~~i bikhoi, Iho~trcmg, qua lrinh.phvchQikic;h;lhU'oc

'~dn9 10Ru'o'JrjT\O'phVC hoj sinhkhoi c~o qu~nlh~ too :',IQng
'sinh kh6i.q~an Ihe Lo 0 long IIhqnh Ih8,O cae 110mphvc.:hoi tv
:n'Om.IhU"nh6tl,O,59 tpn/hQ'den n.am IhU't\J 62,83tori/ho ,sau
do lOng
chQroban ,do m9,td9 9iom~an (71j50 t.6n/hp/nOm,thU'
nom,l9,37 t6nl hoI nom tr.U'lJay,., vo On,djnha Jrj ,~ 80~,.85
f~,nIh;;zx~p xill1ft9 Lo.0 <giO), 11J~ InaQ khJIlnhtrQFI~rt6'1)9
~1:7
sinh'khcSi they dOi theo nOm phyc hoi fir 46,8%I nOm:t11(,nhat
d6n63%1 nOmthCrboy treng do tir nOmther IV ha di m&,b6t
dCiuco cay du tleu chuan khoi thac. Sinh kh6i kho thac tOng
d.ltn.vao cae nOm sou: 15,79 tan
/ ho I nOm thIS nOm; 21,45
ton1 he nOm Ihli boy ohU'ng van con, thap hc," nhiEh;lo\lai rirng
L~0 cgill). 0 .
- Qua Idnh phvc hoi t6n9 sinh kh6i quCin the La 0 phyc
.h~i IOU ray IU'ang tl{ nhU' 0 sou khoi thac Irang nhO'ng.t6c d{)
.ch{1m han \lai IIi s6 6n djnh 65., 70 Ian / ho sou 7.01000(11 phvc
hbi. 11I~ sinh kh6i kho thae trim 'Jnh kh6i than khi sinh kem
vo chI sou 6 nOm (32,7%) mal co th6 dU'o r!)ng Ira IQi. khoi
thac dU'gc. '
Nh{ln dint, chung ve d{Jc diem linh kh6i
quan th6 La 0
tho thay :
-So vai h~ linh thai rlrng mU'o nhi,t dai co t~nglinh
kh6i {phon'lren dot} 290 tan / ha, sinh kh6i quan the La 0 kern
han ro r,t the hl~n qua trinh diAn the thli sinh thoai hoa fIr
rirng go den Ilrng La O.
0"
. - Tuy nhien, do kha nang .inh mOng va ph"e hai mQnh

mebbng con aU'ong VOlinn nen sou khi bj khol thac trang,
,O'ng La
0 c6 th6 phvc hoi IQi gia IIi linh k1l6; Hlang dU'cng
trU'ae khoi thee: sou 7.8 nOm, m91 d{lc diem dang quI ma
khang m{)1ki6u rling go noo co Ih6 co dU'9c.
0" -
-Khoi Ihac Irang va lam ray lam gian doQn vi,e sll'.dvng
taj nguyen Fling vi sinh khoi kho thee bj
giom Ih9m chi mat
him va IOU 5.6 nOm phvc hai mol co Ih6 dU'a fll'ng Ira IQi
khai thee.
II. NANG ~UAT:
I ) 'Nang ~u6t sa c6p thu~n (PPN): NC'Jngsuet sa c6p thu~n
du-qclinh bClngeachdo dem sinh kh6i mai sinh fa hang nam
(tubi I) <:9ngVal hrgng tOng themdo.qua Ir1nh hoa go va phat
,. i6n canh, \0 a cae cay 1U6i
16n hen cho Ihay II flIng La0 «gia)
nOng SUaldQI t7,27lan/ha/nOm !rong do than khl sinh (hH~m
~9,8% (10,22 lan/ha/nOm), 6 flIng phyc hoi sau khai tho.;
~la-
trtlng n6ng su6t bien d9r:t9theo n6m phvc hbj, ,ongnhdnhJJi
10,59tanIho / n6m th" nhat den 33,02 t6n/hoInOrntltJr,n:am
sou do giam dbn Va On dlnh a Irl s~J! .20 t6n I hd tn,om, tU'
nOmther bay Ira di. SI! bien d9ngve nang suat a flIng lo:O
,ph~c hbi.sou ray JU'ong tl! nhU'sou khoi !hoc trelng v6i,gi,o'iJrj
h~ng nOm kernhon mQtit va Ondinh a tri s6 15.17 t6njhOjn6i:n
sou 7 -10 n:~m ph",!;: hbj' ,
, K,et qua tren"cho th6y, m{lc dusinh kh6i cling Lb a,thO'p
nhU'ng nong suat kha cooichi kern fling muo xich d6i (29::',3.2,
t6n I tlalnom), honbOn rung lim ban thay la( 1316n/ ~aI nOm),

rCrn9 f199P m~m (9 ton / tlo / nOm) va, tU'ong dU'ong voi cacki,~
'ling tre true nhi~t doi
khae (16.20 tanI hoInOm, Rozanov,
BoG va LM. Rozanovo, 1964).
2) SuotIch IOy va tieu giam sinh kh6i: Hang nOm, 'li rU1lg
, Lo 6 (~ia), sinh kb6i lieu giam do coy ehet mvela 17,39lon/
, "'° InOm, tU'ong dU'ong ho{1e Ion hon chut It 10 va; 1U'9ng~jn~
fa do ,do hi~u quatieh liJy gon nhU' la khong co th9mc,hre6
th6 '0 co s6 am. Tr6i IQI,a fling Lo 6 «ph e hoi), !oan q9
, sinh kh6i cuC! nOm phvc hoi deu lien dU'gctich 10y(10.11 tanl
'&0/0011\) tang nhann 111nOm tn" haj den nom In" tU' (lQ-18
:tanl ha loam) sou do giam fat nhanh va dl va~ the can bb"~
~iO'alinh ro va chiH disau 7 -10 "om phvchoi. Nell hrgng
tieugiomnay dU'9< tho hoQch vaslr-dVng thlse hQnch' i6't
, lonsy- lang phi lai' nguyen va tranh tho tv-ng qua 'tdnh «gl'6
, bqa). "
Philn ba: UNG DQNG
ChlJong 7:
KHAITHAc yANUQI DUONG
" . ' '
I. HlfN TR~NG KHAJ THAcy A NUQI Dl1CNG RUNG
. , -
I )'Khai- thac: Hi~n IQi ferng Lo 6 dang dU'STc'kliaitha~
theo 2 phU'ong Ih", : .
" - Chi;it iding ehi?I't6t co cay !rong bVi Lo 6 saudo IY'~
~ay tudi 2, 3, 4 va d ;? 5cm d~ Slr dvng. PhU'ongthu-cnay co
I1U di~rn la ky thu9t don gian, son IO'9ngtyp frung, vyrrxy6-t
-J9
v9n ehuY6n dA dang nh"ng co khuy6t cfi~m la lam lang phi
toj nguyen rllng : gian cfoQn vi,e kinh doanh lien tye (5 nOm

m6'i cf"a rCrngIra IQi khai thac!. giam Rang su6t ~inh hQc (tinh
toan Iy thuyet san hrqng thu hoQch la 5,2 t6n Iha I nOm) cf6t
phoi trong de thoai hoa a vung d~i nvi.
- CMU ch(;m tho (~an xual): Hinh thanh tv phat Irong
Ian xu6t 1111980 den nay bang each dung fVG va eou liem
co thA khai thac bat ky coy nao Irong bvi theo y muon. 9~i
t"qng chQt la cay lubi 2, 3, " va d ;:: Sem, Ph"of1g ,hCrekho!
thac nay lien b9 ha,n khoi thae trang vi it lam thooi hoo rl1ng
10 v6'i khai thac tr6ng. Tuynhien, do chi ehCracay tuOi I khon9
dus(rc nuoi than ngam nen cap kinh binh qUO" quan th~ sou
chQI eh9n tho dIng bi giom I
-3cm so vaj truac khai thac: va
phai can 2
-3 nam d~ phl,lc hoi IQi cap kinh On djnh. Cae linh
toan Iy thuyel cho they san hr9ng fnu hoQch khi ap dV!19
ph"ong th(re nay la 9,1 lan/ hoInOm. .
2) Nuoi dU'ang z chug co bi,n phap va qui dinh Cl.,!th~va
nuoi d"ang flIng, mOng con bj thy hat bt'a bai lam thY'c phdm
nh6t la mOng 6ng cua 'IV ehinh lam gian doQn kha nOng lai
san xuat el)a tai nguyen Iling.
II. KHAITHAcvA NUOI DUONGHQP l'( RUNGLO6 :
I ) Cae nguyen Iy sinh thai cuo ph"ong therc ky thuQtI
Can cli vao cac dQc di~m sinh thai hQceua rllng Lo 6 nhu-
da phon tlc~, m9t ph"ong thlle khai that va ""oi duCtng hqp
Iy flrng Lo 0 phai" baa dom :
- Duy tri d"9c kha nOng sinh mOng voi chat I"qng 16t
CUG byi.
'- Bae v~ cf"qe mOng «ong) cue 'IV chinh dA dam bilo
loj Ian XUaftoi nguyen flIng.
- Giai quyel mau thuan g;O'a so lU'qng '10 kkh Ih"oc

Ihan khi sinh, xay dvng mQt kef eau m{lt d9 va cfU'ongkinh
hqp Iy dA I{lndvng khOnggian dinh d"ang m9' coc.ht6i "II.
- Xoy dvng mQtket ,au luOih9P Iy, hQn ch~ .,.i+clanG
phi tal ngu) en do'"mvchoc \la cae cay thu hO9Ch11'100 gic,
cfoQnt~t oh6t r.ho cae IcQimye dkh Slrdyne
!!!!!2~
:. ~am bao toembe}tan che t,oi thi6u 'hQIi" <:,,~: sQ'.~tt1o:ai
hoa cua dot trong di~u ki~n 'lung doi nui. . ~,.
" ,,'
,", So yoi yeu CgU,neutr',", cac bi+n phap khai thac vanY9i
duan9jdang ap dvng cbu-aphu hqp n~n di~n ,rclotva c;hathrSmg
r\rngngay cang. co chieu hu-anggiam lut. "
, ','. ~.'~
. ,,'. 2) P~u-ang,thCrck9 thu9t khai thee va nl19idu-ong hqp'li
rtnglo 0:. '
: Phu-q~gthere kbai thee t phU'ang thCrc khai thcie','hkh
tt;gp du-QCde xuat ap dvng doi vaifllng -Lo
6 lach~t,chc;'"ti
rnH'h~t chQnlam sinh) vai do. tU'Qngch{lt la caccay fir toPI'3
tra len(.~ 3 tubi), luan ky khai thac 2 namisanlU'Qng kh<1i
th6c'45.55% trO' IU'Qng~l1ng. PhU'ong there;nay baa dam lay. to
nhiing cay den tubi thanh Ihvc cong ngh~, .chlla IQi cay non
(tupi I, 2) co nhi~m vv nu6i thon ngam '10 ~mh mane v6i :c;"a.!
IO'9ng tal, boo dam duy tri cau Iruc hQp Iy va pn dj"h cu~ rllng
ta m9td9 khoong 6000 cay / ho, cap kfnh blnb quant- Sem,
chi~u coo blnh quan 14-15m, 4 cap IUPitrong do 50% tubi I, ij
5o'%,tuPi 3, 4 va hang nOm rllng dO'Qc bb sung khoang 1500
than khi sinh mai co "hal lU'gng lot. Tinh toon san lU'qng Ihu
hoQch fy thuyetcho thay blnh quan co th~ dQt 15,1 lanjha/nO!11;
" "Vi~ekhaithae cay tuPi 3 tra len con co Y n9hTab60 'If

d9 phi dOl v! ham lU'gng khoang, dQm, Ian kalio than kh+
sinh tuOi'3 Ira I~n fthan nhieu so v6i eay tubi 2. " ' '
. ' ,
- Nuoi dU'ong rvng: Trong dieu ki,n to chIle du-gc 'vi,e
thu haimOng (nhU' !i)1~nphap k9 thv~1 nuoi'du-ong rung k.et,
hgp t(m dvngthvc ph6m), chi cho thu hai mOng VaG vv,15am
(IKong 5, 6) va vv muQn (thang 9, 10) Val d6i lU'qng thu hai la'
mOng nanh, mOng cO va mOng ong IIf th,lJi hoge sinh twang"
, ~em. ruy~1 doi khong thuhai mang vao vv chinh (thang7, 8),
>:~.chlla tat ca mOng ong cua vv ehfnh baa dam "moi g6e eay'm~:
co m9t mane tot phat tri~nlhanh than khf sinh Ngoai ro, co,"
dinh chi khoi thae I thong (thang 9) d~ boo v~ mOng 'II day
,~ thoi di€Jm mo mOng,mQCeao ngol ngheu de bj too. hQi trong;
qua tdoh khQi thac. . ".
-21
K:ET LU!N VA D~ XUAT
I. K~TLU~N:
, ) Rling La 6 la rling thCrsinh hinh thanh Iran khu v'lc
vung dbi, dot sau, thoat thuy, khi h9U bm, ph an mUG trong
di~u ki~n con ngU'ai lam vo Ian rling nguyen sinh. (rling lim
"'"0 mua hQ Soo, Dau) theo qua trinh diln the ch,ch hU'angJ
Lb 6 haa r\)ng go va khi da hinh thanh thi linh On dinh cua
qu~n th~ La
6 rat coo do kha nOng tai sinh vo tinb mQnhm!
lua loai nay.:
2) La6 sinh trU'ang theo kiau hflJp trye (ct{lcbitt ca cuan;
than ngam dai). MOng
Lo-osinh vao mua mila (thong 6 -9), co
tha phan bi~t 3 de;,", mOng (6ng, cu, nanh) va 3 vy mOng (lam,
chinh, muQn) trong da mOng 6ng tua vy chinh 10 II/c IIIq"g chu

yiSu bao dam tac sinh ,ling. Thai gian d~ mang sinh trllang d'"
hoan bjkich fhU'ac 10 80- IDa ngay. S6 IU'tI'ngva kith fhU'ac
mtlng co quan h~ ch{lt the vai cay tudi I trong sinhmOng va
cay tubi 2 trong cung CO? chat dinh dU'ong. Rling lo-o gla co
IlIqng mOns thonn than khi sinh thop nhllng -kfch thllac tah
'llang II! cay m~, trai IQi rl1ng phy, hoj ca 56 lU'qngmOng cao
nhllng kich thU'oc nho. Kich thub, nay ph",c hoi dan cho dAM
khi dQf d~n trQng
thai dn dinh sou 7-10 nOm.
3) LO-oro hoa va chet rai rai t~ng bvl hang nOm.
4) Ket qua cuo d9C di~m sinh mung 10 fling ca egu true
rieng va co fhi phan bi~t 2 trQng thai: fling
Lo-ogia va rling
Lo-oph",c hOj:
-Rling Lb.6 gia co m9t d9. kfch thU'ac ~n dinh, -nhU'"9
,6 1U'9ngcay themh thye Ian h()'ncay non Men khang che s6
11I9ngmonS mal sinh hcmg nOm.
- RQ-ngLb-6 phvc hoi sau r6y ho(lc khai thee ,,6ng c6
"'9'"9 mOng sinh coo, kith thU'oc nhi>va co xu hU'ang phyc
hbi IQi trQng thai rling La-0 gia sou 7. 10 nOm.
Co 2 trQng Ihai deu khang phai 10c6u true hqp Iy.
S) Tubi thanh thyc tai sinh cua lo-a: tudi I, 'ubi thanh
thyc cong"gh, : tUdi3, ludifh9: S. 6.
~22-
6} M9C'du 10 tu-ng thl! sinh co sinh kh6f thap (BO-a51Ian/ha)
nhU'ng fu-ng
Lo-aco nOne suat cao (17 -20 tan / he / nOm) do
kha none tai sinh m/;mh me bang can dil(sng vo tlnh.
7) Cae phU'ong thCrek9 thu9t tac "dQng~i~n,tQt ehu:a phu
h9P vai qui Iv{it phat'sinh, phat Ifj~n eua l(rng nen dang lam

I1ghi~mttQng chat hJ'gng r(rng. '
TL &~ XUAT:
"
1) Can qui hoQeh lam ph9n ehuyen eanh 6n djnh rlrng
Lo-ephu hgp vai yeu eou sinh thai cua Lo-e (vung :doi, dol
I,?U,, ~hOng ~99P, vao mug mila).
2) .Ap dvng phuong thCre ky IhU91 khai thae hgply 10
ch{ll 'chQn cay tuOi3 Ira len ('~ 3 tuOiL luan ky 2 nOm, son
luqng 45
-55% frO'lugng r(rng ket hgp veri thu hai mCing hgp
Iy boo v; m6ng ong cua vv chinh. "
, .
" .,' 3) &~gioi quyet loan b9 van de kinh'doanh hgp Iy f(rng
lo-a, can' tiep tve nghien eCru:
, - Va khoa hQc : v9t rung vo ehu tdnh khoang Irong' h;
sinH thai fling
Lo-ed~ xce djnh kho nong kinh doanh lau dei
va lien IV' rCrf1g.
.; Ve"kinh te. k9 thu9t: t9P frung 'nghien eCru qui hogeh
16m'ph~n,
to ehCre quan Iy san xual, quan Iy, ky thu91, xay
dlf~9 tieu eh~qn ogu)'en li~u phu hgp ¥ai phuong thCre khai
th4c Y~9to enlre nghien eCruthY'c nghi~m phuong thCre khai
" tl1:6cdoehoon chinh qui trinhky IhV91. .'
c4e tAl utu CUATACGIA DA CONG86
.c6 LI~NQUANDENLU~NAN
I- CHlu QUANGHI~N,1981
K't c6u qu~n th~va qut trinh phvc h~i r\rng Ire l~-o IOU
kha,i ~hQCtr6ng. Thong ,tin Kh'Jo hQc Ky thuOt lam Nghi~p
.6 .5 trang 1.5.21. Phon Vi~n lam Nghi,p phfa Nom

Thanh ph6 Ho CM Minh.
/
2. eHAuQUANGHltN, 1992
(!lJu,true va 161i:nh r\rng Ire ~~_6a PhU'&clong 116nSJ").
161ftt6t boo cao Khoo hQc IQiH9i nghjKhea hQcK9thuO)
IbnII.TrU'ang&Qih9CNong Nghifp IVThanhph6 H~CMMinh
3. CHAU QUANG HI~N, 1983
Khoo ,at 10 bO d9C di~m sinh mOng c~a r\rng tre l~-o b
'h,,6'c long ISong 8e). Thong tin Khoo h9C Ky thu91 Lam
Nghiip .6 '13 trong 37.42. Phon Vi,n l~-'!LNghl,p phra
Nom Thanh ph6 H~ Chi Minh.
4. LAMXUANSANH va OHAUQUANG HI~N, 1984
Tr. L~-6.Nha JtU6fban NOng Nghifp -Ha "OJ
5- CHJ.U QUANG HI~N, 1987
eXec minht6n Khooh9CTre l~_oa mi~n&onl Nom If.
'It&ng tin Khoa hQc Ky thu{lt Lam Nghi,p 5623 trang 5.9
PhQnVi'" lam Nghi,p phio Nil'" Thanh ph6 H~ CMMfnh.
r-D~t~: ,'-'; ",; ,
, """", ' : . - ", ,', '<I
I.j':.~' ":=~:.' nY, :
!
\ "" ' ,