Kỳ vọng của học sinh lớp 5 về kiểu tương tác của giáo viên trong môi trường lớp học tại hà nội

 5 








 Th Trinh

i hc Giáo dc
Lu














ng dn: ng Hoàng Minh
o v: 2012

Abstract: Tng quan tài liu, xây dng mt s khái nim công c, xây dng b

công c nghiên c tài. Kho sát thc tin tng tiu hc trong ni
thành Hà N ng Tiu hc Dân l   m (huyn T Liêm) và
ng Tiu hc Thành Công B (qu tìm hiu v k vng ca hc
sinh lp 5 v kia giáo viên trong lp h phân tích kt
qu nghiên cu thc ti  xut mt s khuyn ngh, giu
nhm giúp xây dng mi quan h thân thin gia giáo viên và hc sinh

Keywords: Tâm lý hc tr em; Tr v thành niên; ng hc tp; Cách thc
ng x; Giáo viên; Hc sinh

Content

1.1. Giáo viên và hc sinh có mi quan h, tng tác ln nhau và có nh hng ln
nhau trong môi trng hc tp
. 



, trong




, 





























, ,  










. 

, 






















6 













. 









, 










.
, 



 










. ng thích nhng hc sinh có biu hin hp tác, cn
trng, có trách nhim trong lng hc sinh có hành vi gây ri, chng . 
nhng hc sinh có hành vi tích ca giáo viên) s c mi quan h tt
i giáo viên ca mình.
1.2. Hc sinh cui khi tiu hc (ln thc v nhu ci ca
i vi khác vn b c vào mc ngot
ca cui


5 . 



,  











, sai, 











c. 

, 













 











, 
. 

, , ,
, 

. 

, nh















.
1.3. K vng v kic còn nhiu b ngc tp trung
nghiên cc bit là ca hi vi giáo viên




































(1968). 
, khi t nim tin, s k v khi thc hin
i vi h. 



, 





. Tuy nhiên, 


















 , 















.
Vi nhng lý do trên, chúng tôi quynh tin hành nghiên c K vng ca
hc sinh lp 5 v kia giáo viên trong môi ng lp hc ti Hà Ni

Tìm hiu nhng ki mà hc sinh l vng  giáo 


nhng yu t n s k vng này ca hc sinh.  góp phn xây
dng chic làm vic hiu qu vi hc sinh da trên nhu tr i,
k vng.
i tng, khách th nghiên cu
3.1. 
K vng ca hc sinh lp 5 v kia giáo viên
3.2. Khách th nghiên cu
265 hc sinh tng Tiu hc Dân l ng
Tiu hc Thành Công B.
4. Gi thuyt khoa hc
- Hc sinh lp 5 k vng giáo viên s th hin ki trong mi quan h
vi mình.
- Hc sinh lp 5 không k vng giáo viên s th hin kii
quan h vi mình.
- Cm nhn hiu qu b
















5 






. 

, 


.
5. Nhim v nghiên cu
5.1. Nghiên cu lý lun:
Tng quan tài li t  lý lu tài.

- Kho sát thc tin ti tng Tiu hc Dân l Th m (huyn T Liêm) và

ng Tiu hc Thành Công B (qu tìm hiu v k vng ca hc sinh lp
5 v kia giáo viên trong lp hc.  phân tích kt qu nghiên cu
thc ti  xut mt s khuyn ngh, gii pháp ban u nhm giúp xây dng
mi quan h thân thin gia giáo viên và hc sinh.











5 t

tiu hc dân lp oàn Th im và
trng tiu hc Thành Công B.
iên cu
- Phng pháp phân tích tài liu
- Phng pháp iu tra bng bng hi, bao gm iu tra tiên phong và iu tra thc t
- Phng pháp thng kê toán hc.

- Nghiên cu này là bc u tiên khai phá v



.
- Kt qu nghiên cu s cho bit c mt cách khoa hc nhng hành vi, thái  mà tr

ang mong i t giáo viên ca mình.
- Kt qu nghiên cu là bc u  thc hin các nghiên cu tip theo liên quan n
hành vi ca giáo viên trong lp hc.




K vng là s mong mun, ch i vi nim tin v kh y ra ca s vic
n cuc sng cc kt
qu tp. K v thc t hoc không thc t. Khi kt qu c
i s dn s tht` vi. Nhng tri nghim sng tích cc
hoc tiêu cc ci s dn h n nhng k vng có li hoc không có li cho
h  hin ti hon.
1.1.2. Khái ni
T ng qua li, ng ln nhau t c hai phía. Trong phm
vi lung nht cách hiu ca Nguyn Khc Vi
là mt khái nim thuc v ng x n ra trong mi quan h
gii vu hin qua cách thc ng x gii vi
i.
1.1.3. Ki











, 




























, 


, .
Trong nghiên cu này, chúng tôi s ch  cp ti kia cha m vi
con cái, gia giáo viên vi hc sinh. Nghiên cu v kiu ng x gia cha m vi con cái
phi k n 4 kiu ng x, 

a cha m và con cái ca Baumrind (1971, 1991)
c tha nhn rng rãi bao gm: kiu ng x dân ch, kiu ng x u ng
x nuông chiu và kiu ng x 

. 










sinh, Schonour (2004) 4 





, : 









, 





, k





 .




: 





, 







 . 



 














 . 











, .






: 











,


, . 

































, 



.






: 









, 
không quan tâm, 












. 
















 .






: 










 cao










. 



không 













. 



























.

























, -

, 





, 









, 









, 







(, 2005).
1.1.4. Khái ni



u qu bn thân (Self-efficacy)
u qu bn thân là khái niTheo Bandura,
hiu qu bn thân là nim tin v kh a b ng nhn th
hành vi cn thit thun li cho vic thc hin thành công nhim v trong mt bi cnh
nhnh (Bandura, 1995).
1.1.4.1. 












Theo Bandura (1995) 
thân. 










(mastery experience), 



(vicarious
experience), 



(verbal persuasions), 












.







: 




















. 





, 






.






: 


















. 






















 


























t.









: 
















 , 











 . 




































 .
: , 

, 
















. 



























, 











 













, . 


, 

































, .

1.1.4.2. T




: Nhi có nhn thc v u qu bn thân
t ra nhng mc tiêu thách thn thân và có s cam kt
mnh m vi kh i có nhn thc v
u qu bn thân thp (nghi ng v kh ng hình dung
v s tht bi và có nhiu kh c hin kt qu y.
n: i 

d t qu   
ng tip theo. Mt trong nhng lý thuyt v t qu k vng. Nhi




u qu bn thân cao (có nim tin vào b
v kt qu k vnc, t a b ng.
Quá trình cm xúc: Nhi tin rng mình có th thc hin kim soát các
ma thì không gp nhii 





 ,
i không tin mình có th kic các ma thì lo lng s
i h s i m nghiêm trng ca ma và làm gim m
hong ca mình, làm cho bn thân mình b .
Quá trình la chn: t nh trong cuc
sng da trên vic h t Cm nhn v hiu qu bn thân bng cách thc hin nhng hành
ng và la chn nhng tình hung mà chúng ta cho rng chúng ta có kh  thc
hing thi nhng mà dn ti tht bi thì s c né tránh.



, 


. 















, 














(




, 

, , ) 















,
.

1.1.4.3. 
Theo Bandura (1984, 1986), 




. 

, 































 . Tuy
nhiên, 





 
(



























).
1.1.4.4. 



















T

















, 











































(Bandura, 1995).






























:





, 


















.



































 ,  .
 





























. 
























. 











 














. 










. 












.




































. 
.
y, u qu bni vi mi con
ng vào tt c các mt ci sng tâm lý, t nhn th
cm xúc và hành vi la chn các hoi s





















, 





. K vt trng thái
tâm lý ci, do vy  mt khía c vu s chi phi ca
u qu bn thân.


1.2.1.1.K vng ca giáo viên ti thành tích ca hc sinh



, 






















. 





, 



, 














(Rosenthal, 1974). 























, , 



o viên 

















, . 



,





























, 




, 







.
1.2.1.2. K vng ca giáo viên v hành vi ca hc sinh






































. G 
, 














, 






.


,  












, 
. Tuy nhiên, , trung
, 

























.
1.2.1.3. K vng ca hc sinh v hành vi ng x ca giáo viên trong lp hc


















 . 


, 













, , 

, 
, . Tuy nhiên, 
















































.

1.2.1.4. K vng ca cha m ti thành tích hc tp ca con cái


 














. 













 hc, k vng dài hn cho tng cp
hc, nhng thành công c th vi nhng thành công chung, k vng giáo d
lai vi k vng v ngh 

.
, 

















. , 
, 

, 



















.
1.2.1.5. K vng ca con cái v cách ng x ca b m i vi con























,
quan tâ















. 





, , 












. Tuy nhiên, 











, 















.
1.2.2. 
1.2.2.1. ng kiu tng tác  ph

a 
, 



, 

















. , ,


, , 



. 

, 







, 


, 
















  
1.2.2.2. 



















, 











 , 

, 













, 





. 












, 

















, , 























.





,  
. 






































không l, t









. 





















 , ngi
gng v v phía giáo 



ít chú ý, ngng rõ ràng và ngi th


1.3.1. Nhng thay i v th cht và hot ng ch o
, 












. 












. 












. 












.
. 
, 







.






, ,  tri
giác, s tp trung, trí nh




, . 




















, 
















, 










.
- 
, 















. 













 . Bi vy tr
ng th hin khá rõ nét cm xúc mi khi tr u gì.
1.3.4. S phát trin nhân cách ca tr
n này kt qu hc ta thy cô có ng trc tip ti

tình c a tr. Tr a thy cô và t
xp mình vào nhóm gii, khá hay trung bình. Nhng tr c
ng có t ng tr b ng xuyên b cô phê
bình, ch ng có t p, dn không t tin vào bn thân.



2.1. 




: .




: 









. i ra, 
. 










; 



























.
2.2. 




2.2.1. 








2.1.1.1. 













.
2.1.1.2 










.  



















.
2.2.2 









.
2.2.2.1. 








a. 







































(2005). 75
câu, 

5 





 , , quan tâm 


, .
Tuy nhiên, 















-















-
. 

, c75 













.






, 








. 















nhiên, 





5-7 . 





, 
, 















 .






, . 
42 item, 









1 4. 

1= 









; 2 = 



; 3 = 
; 4 = 








b. 












55 


9 

, 














.





0 100 



























. 



0 
, 50  -
100 . Sau khi
, 

44 




9 












.
2.2.2.2. 








: nam (134 ) (131 )


: (123 ) (142 )

2.3. 






2.4. 














2.4.1. 


2.4.2. 




2.4.3. 






2.4.4. 











(T test)

CHNG 3

3.1. 5 







3.1.1. 







5 








, 
18 . 







:





  

7 item. Vi ki
ch s  tin cy Anpha ca Cronbach = 0,771>0,6.








  7 item.  tin cy c
Anpha = 0,709 > 0,6.






ó 3 item tin cy ca ki
= 0,650 >0,6.









 gm 3 item tin cy Anpha = 0,678 > 0,6.






   tin cy không cao vi Anpha = 0,528 <0,6,
tuy nhiên vi nhân t thành ph tin cy này vc chp nhn. 


3 item.
y, kt qu a hc sinh và giáo viên là
ki-khích l, ki- hà khc, ki chia
s, kim soát và ki -ghét b. Nhng kii
này xut hin da trên nhng king thi có s bi phù
hp vi nghiên cu  hin ti.
3.1.2. 

















































nhau. 



























 = 3.35. 





1 4 


. , 















. C
có k vng cao rng giáo viên s s dng ki này trong mi quan h

gi

.










, 





 





















c  m
rt thp =1.13u này có th hiu là các em không mong mun giáo viên s s dng
kii quan h vng lp hc.








, 







   

















(). Hc sinh cho rng, ki - hà
khc này gi ca các em.  không k vng nhiu
rng giáo viên s s di quan h vi mình.






, -







 , 

, 














 (= 3.23 so


2.98).






,  



































, 













 






















  .
3.2. 
3.2.1. 













.
G





























. 

, 






















 






 
, 
, 




. 




. 









, 



























 .
3.2.2. 
, 




















. 
































 



. B
-, 














-, 




-
, 














, 























.
3.3. S a các ki

a hc sinh lp 5






, 







,

 , 




















-




-. 

, 



















-













-quan 














.
3.4. a Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân và k vng ca hc sinh v tng
kiu k vng
3.4.1. m nhn hiu qu bn thân ca hc sinh lp 5




Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân chung ca tr 







0 100 (= 72.89). 







, 

,
5 














.


m nhn hiu qu b























i c= 79.09. 



















0 100. 





































(=
78.85), 



(= 77.62), 








(= 77.29). 




,  
ra.
p nht là Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân v ng
ngoi khóa và gi= 62.99. 














0 100. , 





















, 







. Các cm nhn hiu qu bn thân khác

















, 










 chc hc t u chnh b(= 70.12), 

















(= 68.22). 


















, hc sinh lp 5 có nim tin vào
kh a mình vào vii ci khác nht.
a Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân v ngun lc xã hi vi k vng

ca hc sinh v 5 kiu k vng
Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân ca tr v ngun lc xã hi có mt có
i mt s ki k vng. 
















  



 ki
-khích l, ki và kitác kim. 



, 



.
a Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân v thành tích hc tp ti k vng
ca hc sinh v 5 ki































>0. Kt qu nghiên cu này trái vi kt qu nghiên c
c Ngc Khanh(2005) khi cho thy vi nhng kiu ng x tích cc ca b m 
quan tâm--khích ln cao vi t 
cao ca tr v các mt hc tp và kiu ng x tiêu cc ca b m 
hà khc, ghét bch vi t a tr.
a Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân và cách thc t chc hc tp vi
k vng ca hc sinh v 5 ki
Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân v t chc hc tp có m vi k vng v
ki và kii kiu
m soát cht ch t chút so vi ki mu
nng ca mu. Nhng ki
- khích l-hà khc và th -ghét b không tìm thy m
a Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân v vic tham gia các hong
ngoi khóa và gii trí vi k vng ca hc sinh v 5 ki






. M xut hin vi ki vi h s 
quan r>0 <0 i vi ki ghét b.


ut hin mi h
s a Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân v t u chnh bn thân vi kiu

-khích l n vi các kii, k
c ki- hà khc và th -ghét bm nhn hiu qu
bn thân v t u chnh li có h s n vi ki


kim soát khá cht ch.


 c này, Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân ca tr i ki
tác chia s và ki-khích l. Mc dù  c này, tr có nim tin
ln vào kh a bn thân mình trong vic i ci khác,
song h s y mi quan h này không hoàn toàn cht ch.


 ,  














 








, 







. 








.
3.4.9. Ma Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân v s qu quyt vi k vng
ca tr v ki
Cm nhn hiu qu bn thân v s qu quyt vi kiu
 - ghét b, tuTin là vi ki
s, ki nhng mn. 









, 







































. 

, 


 -


.
3.4.10. 





















































, 

















, 



. 




 

























.


, 






















































. Tuy nhiên, 


















































-, 

, 












--.
KT LUN VÀ KHUYN NGH
1. 














, 












, 


, 

, 










. :
































 ,  







 . 































, 



-














 , 





 -





-.






 265  




, 





-, tron















. 




















-, 















, ch

, . 

, 









-



-, 










-.


,  





 , 
 . 




, 
ki , 
nhau. 
















.




























, 















 . Tuy nhiên, 











































. 

, 




  - , 

, 



 - - , song























 . 

, 


 , 











.




,  


. 












-. Trong


, 










-

























, 



































ông. 






















, .





































 ,  



 . 


































 (



 

, 







 ) 





 -, 







 - 


-).
2. 










, :















, 



 , -

 -, 

- . 

, 


 































. , 
, 










, 


















, 








 , 
















, 












.
















 




, 



. 


































 , 




















.
























 , 























 . 





 
 . 
 






, .
, 
 . 



















. 

, 





 , 

























.










 








































 , 














 , 










 . 







 




 . 







































.

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


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
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