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Bergen
© 2008 Stig Albeck & Ventus Publishing ApS
Translation: Frances østerfelt
All rights and copyright relating to the content of this
book are the property of Ventus Publishing ApS, and/or its
suppliers. Content from ths book, may not be reproduced
in any shape or form without prior written permission from
Ventus Publishing ApS.
Quoting this book is allowed when clear references are made,
in relation to reviews are allowed.
ISBN 978-87-7061-266-1
1st edition

Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according
to agreement with the following copyright owners
Stig Albeck.
The stated prices and opening hours are indicative and may
have be subject to change after this book was published.
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Bergen

4

Kapiteloverskrift ONLIBRI
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Bergen


5

A visit to Bergen
Bergen is placed in one of Norway’s most beautiful
lush natural areas in the west country. The city is the
midpoint of the entire fjord area, stretching along
Norway’s coast, with Sognefjord and Hardangerfjord as
the longest.
Bergen’s 225.000 residents live in the old historical
town which was once Norway’s capital. Until the
railway opened in 1909 and more recently when
highways were built, the residents were isolated,
with waterways being the primary mode of
transportation.
It is also from here that the famous Hurtigruten (fast
route) to Nordkapp and Kirkenes originates.
Happy holiday!
A visit to Bergen
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Bergen

6

Historical outline
Bergen is one of the oldest cities in the north and its
history is closely related to its location near the sea.
The city has existed since 1070 when King Olav
Kyrre granted Bergen its city charter. At that time it
was a small settlement by the harbour but quickly
evolved into the city of residence for visiting Nordic

regents.
In 1233 Håkon Håkonsson’s right to the Norwegian
throne confirmed in Bergen by a great assembly of
the country’s leaders and in 1240 the city was
officially declared Norway’s capital instead of
Trondhjem.
King Håkon Håkonsson resided in Bergen with his
entire court. He was a popular king and his long
reign was marked by peace.
Håkon’s son Magnus married the Danish princess
Ingeborg in 1261 and was proclaimed the new king
on the same day. This happened in Håkonshallen
which can be seen at the fortress of Bergenhus.
As early as 1236 permanent German trade
connections were established in Bergen – something
which was to affect developments in coming
centuries.
The Hanseatic League was founded in Bergen and is
first mentioned in 1343. Once commercial privileges
were granted by the Danish kings, German
merchants quickly gained control of most of the
city’s trade.
The Middle Ages brought with it the Black Death,
and Norway was heavily hit. Almost one half of the
population succumbed and for the next 400 years
the country was ruled from Denmark, although the
latest years from Sweden.
In 1380 the kingdoms of Norway and Denmark
were united under the Danish crown.
Bergen’s regional role was still unique and

continued to develop. People from the northern
territories had to obtain royal permission to sell
their fish in the city’s markets. The German
merchants established their markets at Tyskerbryggen
(now called just Bryggen) and the area behind it.
The power of the Hanseatic League was broken in
1599 by the feudal ruler Kristoffer Walckendorf. In
the years to follow, the League maintained their
contacts and was a significant trade factor, but
around 1630 its influence declined. The last
German trading house was sold to Norwegians in
1764.
Bergen’s role as a trading centre was not over with
the demise of the German traders. Norwegian
merchants took over; and particularly the old social
elite established great trading houses in the
centuries to follow.
1702 was the year of one of Bergen’s many great
fires. A great portion of the city was lost in the
flames.
The 19
th
century saw great cultural growth in
Bergen. Some of the great artists of the time,
among them Ole Bull and Edvard Grieg, lived and
worked in the region. Norwegian theatre was
established and the first public library was opened.
The city’s population exploded during this
prosperous period, from 17.000 in 1855 to 103.000
in 1920.

In 1905 Norway won its independence and railway
tracks were laid to Bergen, integrating the coastal
city with the capital of Oslo in a totally new way.
In 1916 there again was a great fire in Bergen. This
time more than 400 houses were destroyed, making
more than 4,000 of the city’s residents homeless.
Life in Bergen has always been revolved around
fishing from the waters just outside the city and
along the entire Norwegian coast.
Historical outline
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In the last half of the 20
th
century increased offshore
drilling and finding of oil in the Norwegian marine
underground has resulted in a significant economic
upswing that has had a positive affect on welfare,
industry and trade.
Today, Bergen is still the centre of Norway’s oil
industry, shipping and fishing but the city has also
evolved into a power center for oceanographic
research and environmental studies.
Historical outline
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8

Tour 1: Bergen
1. Cathedral/Domkirken
Domkirkegaten 3
Bergen’s cathedral is one of the few churches which
has survived the many great fires since the Middle
Ages. The lowest part of the church is the oldest,
constructed in the 13
th
century in Gothic style.
A canon ball is embedded in the wall of the tower,
from a battle in 1665 in Bergen’s harbour between
British and Dutch ships.
2. Church of the Cross (Korskirken)
Kong Oscars gate 22
Like the cathedral, the Church of the Cross has
survived since the Middle Ages; but the present
church building is built primarily in Renaissance
style in the 17
th
century.
Tour 1: Bergen
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3. Floybanen

Vetrlidsalmenning 21
Floybanen is Scandinavia’s only funicular (cable car).
It departs from the centre of Bergen and ascends
Floy Mountain to a height of 320 meters.
The funicular was opened in 1918 after more than 3
years’ construction. It is 844 meters long with an
ascent of 15-26 degrees. The present cars are from
2002.
The ride lasts 8 minutes with an exquisitely beautiful
view over Bergen’s centre and much of the
surrounding sea and mountains.
4. Hanseatic Museum
Finnegårdsgaten 1a
The Hanseatic Museum is located in one best
preserved buildings in Bergen. The house was built
in 1704 as office and residence for a German
merchant.
From 1350 until1750 it was German merchants who
sold dried fish from Bergen’s trading houses. The
house’s original interior is on display in the museum
and gives a good impression of the Hansa
merchant’s daily life.
5. The Fish Market/Fisketorvet
Torget
Since 1276 fishing trade in Bergen has been
regulated and located at centrally placed squares.
Since 1558 the market has been located at Vågen, as
many fish from local cutters were landed here. For
centuries fish was the primary product sold.
Today, the Fish Market is one of Norway’s most

exciting outdoor markets, where you can buy fruit,
flowers, souvenirs and of course a wide variety of
fish, for which the city is famous.
In the centre of the square is the Minebøssen, a sea
mine on a pedestal with a bronze relief created by
the artist Sofus Madsen from Bergen in
commemoration of the seamen who lost their lives
in World War I.
Tour 1: Bergen
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10

6. Bryggen
Bergen’s famous wharf comprises several old
wooden trading houses from 1702 in the style of
northern Germany, whose gables face Vågen.
Bryggens promenade is especially charming, with
many shops and restaurants as well as other activities.
7. Schootstuerne
Øvregaten 50
Near the port are several Hansa gathering houses
which were used for various purposes, such as
teaching, court trials and feasts.
The Schootstuerne, open to the public, are in part
original and in part reconstructed, which together
with the Hanseatic Museum provides an interesting
picture of the life and society of the German
merchants in Bergen.

8. Maria Church
Dreggen
Maria Church from the 12the century is Bergen’s
oldest building. The church is one of Norway’s
finest constructions in the Roman style. Later
additions are in Gothic style, the lovely pulpit is
Baroque and there is a very well preserved medieval
altarpiece.
Since 1248 the church has survived the city’s many
fires. Even the towers are original, though repaired
in 1248. Maria Church was owned by the Hanseatic
merchants from 1408 to 1766 and up to 1906
services were held entirely in German.
Tour 1: Bergen
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9. Bryggen Museum
Dreggsalmenning 3
The museum houses archaeological findings from
medieval Bergen. The city was at its pinnacle in the
14
th
century, when it was Norway’s largest and most
cosmopolitan trading center. This era is
reconstructed in Bryggen Museum.
The museum was founded in 1955, after the last fire

which devastated Bryggen. Many archaeological
excavations were made in the period 1955-1972; and
many different types of finds can be seen here.
10. Bergenhus Fortress
The fort was constructed in the 13
th
century and is
one of Norway’s great medieval monuments.
Håkons Hall is a royal banquet hall from 1261,
which is used today for concerts and official events.
The Rosenkrantz Tower was constructed by Erik
Rosenkrantz in the 1560’s as a residence and
defence installation.
Tour 1: Bergen
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12

11. Norway’s Fishing Museum
Bontelabo 2
In Bergen’s national fishing museum, exhibits deal
with exploitation of marine resources and the history
of Norwegian fishing through the ages.
The museum shows the natural basis for fishing,
fishing administration, historical fishing equipment
as well as various ship models. There is also a
review of the processes involved in the production
of dried fish as well as the many different species of
fish.
Tour 1: Bergen
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13

Tour 2: Bergen
12. Bergen Art Museum/
Bergen Kunstmuseum
Rasmus Meyers Allé 3

Bergen’s Art Museum is one of Norway’s largest
museums, exhibiting art from the 15
th
century to
today. The museum is located in three separate
buildings.
13. The Power Company/Lysverket
Rasmus Meyers Allé 9
In what was once an office building one can stroll
through art history from Russian icons of the 15
th
century to the Renaissance, Baroque and
Neoclassical masters up to contemporary art.
There is a fine exhibit from the Norwegian Golden
Age (1840- 1900, including a special exhibit of works
by J.C. Dahl.
There is also a section with Norwegian and foreign
art from the 20
th
century, and in the magnificent
tower building you’ll find art from the last 20 years.
The museum building was constructed in 1938 for
Bergen’s power company (Lysverker) in rigid
neoclassical style with elements of art Deco and
functionalism.
14. Rasmus Meyer Collections
Rasmus Meyers Allé 7
The business man Rasmus Meyer collected in the
first half of the 20th century paintings by relatively
unknown artists who later became famous.

The collection includes some of the finest works by
Edvard Munch found outside of Oslo, paintings by
J.C. Dahl, Adolph Tidemand and others.
The museum’s interior is very interesting with the
varied styles in the many rooms. The building was
designed by Ole Landmark and built in 1924.
15. Stenersens Collection
Rasmus Meyers Allé 3
This part of the museum displays modern art from
the 20
th
century and has among other works
Northern Europe’s largest collection of Paul Klee
as well as many well-known works by Picasso. The
collection also provides a good insight into modern
Norwegian art.
The museum was founded after Rolf Stenersen’s
donation of his art collection to Bergen Kommune
in 1971. The museum opened in 1978. The
building’s most characteristic feature is the variation
between closed and open spaces which open on to
beautiful natural surroundings.
Tour 2: Bergen
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16. Grieg Hall

Edvard Grieg Plass 1
The hall, named after fellow townsman Edvard
Grieg, was constructed in 1978 and houses Bergen’s
philharmonic orchestra.
17. Assembly Square/Festpladsen
The square is Bergen’s very beautifully arranged
central square, and a good starting point for a stroll
around the octagonal lake Lille Lungegårdvann, lying at
the foot of Bergen Art Museum’s buildings. The
square is also a wonderful place for enjoying
Bergen’s surrounding mountains with the many
colourful houses.
18. Vestland Museum of Applied Arts/
Vestlandske Kunstindustrimuseum
Nordahl Brunsgate 9
The museum is considered to be one of Norway’s
best and houses large collections of Norwegian,
European and Chinese ethnic works.
Tour 2: Bergen
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15

Here you can see old silver from Bergen, Ole Bull’s
famous violin, constructed in 1562 by the Italian
master Saló, and one of Europe’s greatest collections
of Buddhist sculptures in marble.
The Chinese works include silk robes, porcelain, jade,
textiles and paintings.
19. St. Paul’s Church
Nygårdsgaten 3
St. Paul’s Church is the church of the Catholic
congregation, constructed in the years 1864-1876 by
the Italian architect Mella. The church’s interior is
worth a visit.
20. Bergen Museum
On the Bergen University campus there are two
museums; the Natural Historical Museum and the
Cultural Historical Museum.
20a. Museum of Natural History
Muséplass 3
The museum houses various collections. The
Zoological Department is an adventure in a lost
world with its many older animal specimens. But
there are also modern theme exhibitions.
In the Geological Department there is a particularly
fine collection of minerals – interesting – but be sure
to see the exhibit on the development of man.

The Botanical Garden is also a part of the museum
and is particularly beautiful in the spring.
20b. Museum of Cultural History
Haakon Sheteligsplass 10
The Museum of Cultural History houses collections
of Norwegian culture and folk art; also alternating
exhibits about other folk and their cultures.
The archaeological collections primarily contain
finds from western Norway; and cover 10,000 years
of history.
The Viking exhibit is special and shows a rich
society with artefacts from dwellings, graves and
treasure. There are reconstructions of dwellings in
the region from the period.
The museum also houses sacred art, theme exhibits
on such topics as the author Henrik Ibsen, as well
as an anthropological collection which has been
expanded since the museum’s founding in 1825.
21. Bergen’s Maritime Museum/
Bergens Sjøfartsmuseum
Haakon Sheteligsplass 15
In the period 1850-1880, Norway established one
of the world’s greatest merchant marines – and
thereby a position that the country still occupies.
Due to its location, Bergen has always grown with
the sea; so it was natural to create a maritime
museum, which opened in 1927.
The present museum was built in 1962 and works
scientifically to document Norway’s naval history.
The excellent exhibit demonstrates maritime

development from its start and up to modern
transportation. It is possible to see models of
Viking ships found in the excavations of 1960-
1970’s and other objects of maritime historical
value from past centuries.
Tour 2: Bergen
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16

22. The National Theater/
Den Nationale Scene
Engen 20
Bergen’s National Theater was founded in 1850 by
Ole Bull. It was closed for economic reasons in 1863;
but in the following decades there was a wish to
build a new theater. In 1906, King Haakon laid the
cornerstone for the present theater, which opened in
1909.
23. Nordnes
Take a walk in the cosy Nordnes district with its
cobbled streets and old wooden houses. The area
with its steep sloping streets on either side of
Haugeveien/Klostergaten is especially worth a visit.
Tour 2: Bergen
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Day Tours from Bergen
24. Old Bergen
Nyhavnsveien 4, 5 km N
The Open Air Museum of Old Bergen (Frilandsmuseet
Gamle Bergen) contains more than 40 wooden houses
representing Bergen from the 18th and 19th
centuries. The houses are furnished in the style of
the period.
Old Bergen provides a fantastic impression of life
in a small town, its residences, stores, workshops,
etc.
25. Damsgård Manor
Alléen 29, Laksevåg, 3 km V
Damsgård Manor is the most beautiful manor in
the region.
Day Tours from Bergen
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Damsgård was built in the 1770’s by the general
customs officer J.C.G. Gyldenkrantz. Today it is one
of Europe’s best preserved buildings from the 18th
century.
The manor was drawn as a miniature European
castle and was the setting for many extravagant balls
after its purchase by Bergen’s wealthiest merchant
H.D. Janson in 1797.
Damsgård was purchased by the state and the city of
Bergen from the Janson family in 1983 to maintain
the manor as a cultural monument; a thorough
renovation was started and lasted until 1993.
Damsgård Manor is entirely fitted with the original
furniture, artefacts and tapestries, and provides a
good impression of life here in the 18th – 19th
centuries.
The garden has been returned to its original state
from 1780 with fountains, statues and strict
boxwood divisions.
26. Fantoft Stave Church
Paradis, 10 km S)
The beautiful and typical Norwegian stave church in
Fantoft originates from the 12th century, when it
was built in Fortun at the Sognefjorden.
It was dissembled in 1879 and sold to Consul F.
Gade, who re-assembled it in Fantoft in 1884.
In 1992 the church burned to the ground but was
re-built in the original style.
Outside the church is a cross from around 1000

AD, which prior to church construction served as a
point of religious gathering.
27. Grieg Museum Troldhaugen
Troldhaugveien 65, 12 km S
Troldhaugen was the composer’s Edvard and Nina
Grieg’s home for 22 years. The villa was built in
1885 in Victorian style with a richly decorated
veranda, cornices and tower, where Nina Grieg had
her kitchen garden.
Edvard Grieg was very conscious of the house’s
interior and gives an impression of the inspiration
with which he composed his music.
In the memorial room, once the kitchen, is an
exhibit with emphasis on Grieg’s relation to
Norway’s cultural life.
The composer’s cabin was built on Edvard Grieg’s
request to have more peace and quiet for his work.
The cabin was built in 1891 and has a lovely view
over the waters of Nordås. It was here that Grieg
composed some of his most lyrical works.
Nearby is the place where Edvard and Nina Grieg
lie buried.
Also nearby is a modern exhibit hall which
illustrates the composer’s life and music.
Day Tours from Bergen
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Bergen

19


28. Lysøen and Ole Bull’s Villa
Lysøen, 25 km S
On the island Lysøen south of Bergen lived the world
renowned Ole Bull, one of the most colorful artists
and composers of the romantic period, and often
appearing on posters side by side with the likes of
Mendelssohn. He was a virtuoso equal to Paganini
and put Norway on the world map.
In Ole Bull’s artistic circle were notabilities like
Franz Liszt, Edvard Grieg and the writer Henrik
Ibsen. In the course of his artistic endeavours, Ole
Bull established Bergen’s first Norwegian theater.
His vision of an academy was realized many years
later.
From 1872 to 1873, Ole Bull built his fairy tale
castle ”Little Alhambra” on Lys island, with its
onion domes, Moorish inspiration and exotic
interior.
Ole Bull transformed Lys island to a great park with
walking paths and woods. He planted many exotic
plants, built tea houses and in other ways made the
villa and garden an extraordinary place in Norway.
In 1974 willed Ole Bull’s American
grandchild ”Little Alhambra” and Lys island to the
city of Bergen, which made the place an exciting
museum and spot for outings.
29. Ulriken
bus fra Torget
Ulriksbanen is a cable car that goes 642 meters high,
from which is a beautiful panorama view of the

region. The journey can begin with the charming
two-decker buses leaving from Torget.
30. Hiking tours
Bergen’s beautiful nature and fresh air invites to
hiking.
Both Fløibanen and Ulriksbanen lead up to the
starting points for good hiking routes in the
mountains around the city. You can also walk to
both lookout posts.
31. Sognefjorden/Flåmsbanen
On a long day trip you can experience Norway’s
outstanding fjord landscape by taking the train to
Myrdal, from which Flåmsbanen runs to Flåm deep
in the Sognefjord. The journey on Flåmsbanen
through beautiful countryside takes 30 minutes and
descends from 1,000 to 0 meters. You can return
home by boat through the fjord.
Day Tours from Bergen
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Bergen

20

Day Tours from Bergen
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21

With children in Bergen
Bergen Aquarium (Nordnesbakken 4):
www.akvari-et.com
Fløibanen (Vetrlidsalmenning 21):
www.floibanen.no
Gamle Vossebanen (Garnes, 20 km NØ):
www.njk.no/gvb
Museum of Natural History (Naturhistorisk Museum)
(Muséplass 3):
Water Land (Vannlandet):
Shopping in Bergen
Bergen’s history as a trading center is reflected in its
many and varied shopping possibilities.
Everywhere in the city center are smaller shops. The
largest shopping centers in Bergen include
Kløverhuset on Strandgaten, Galleriet on
Torgallmenningen, Bergen Storcenter, near the
station and Lagunen with 100 stores south of the
city.
Good shopping streets with specialty shops and
international chains are Bryggen, Øvregaten,
Vetrlidsallmenningen, Torget, Vågsallmenningen,
Strandkaien, Strandgaten and streets around the
central square Torgallmenningen. A good shopping
idea is the beautiful Norwegian sweaters
Public transportation in

Bergen
Bergen Airport:
www.avinor.no/Norsk/Lufthavner/Bergen_luf
thavn,_Flesland
Norwegian Railway (Norske Statsbaner):
www.nsb.no
Children / Shopping / Transportation
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Bergen

22

Facts about Norway
Political
Official name Kingdom of Norway
Form of government Constitutional monarchy
Head of State King Harald V
Head of Government Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg
National day May 17
th
Achieved independence June 7, 1905 from Sweden
Primary religion Christian (Protestant)
Languag Norwegian (
bokmål
and
nynorsk
)
Area 385,199 km²
Population (2007) 4,700,000
Facts about Norway

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Bergen

23


Borders on
North Barent Sea
South North Sea, Skagerrak, Sweden
East Finland, Russia, Sweden
West North Sea, Nowegian Sea
Highest mountains
Galdhøpiggen 2,469 meters
Glittertinden 2,464 meters
Storen 2,405 meters
Styggedalstindane 2,387 meters
Skardstinden 2,373 meters
Vesle Galdhøpiggen 2,369 meters
Surtningssue 2,368 meters
Store Memurutinden 2,364 meters
Keilhaus Topp 2,355 meters
Jervvasstind 2,351 meters
Facts about Norway
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Largest islands
Spitsbergen 37,673 km²
Nordaustlandet 14,443 km²
Edgeøya 5,074 km²
Hinnøya 2,205 km²
Senja 1,586 km²
Barentsøya 1,288 km²
Langøya 850 km²
Sørøya 811 km²
Kvaløya 737 km²
Kvitøya 682 km²
Largest lakes
Mjøsa 365 km²
Røssvatnet 219 km²
Femunden 204 km²
Randsfjorden 139 km²
Tyrifjorden 139 km²
Snåsavatnet 122 km²
Tunnsjøen 100 km²
Limingen 94 km²
Øyeren 85 km²
Blåsjø 84 km²
Longest rivers

Glomma 601 km
Pasvikelva/Ivalojoki 380 km, 140 km in Norway
Numedalslågen 352 km
Gudbrandsdalslågen/Vorma 351 km
Tanaelva 348 km
Drammensvassdraget 301 km
Skiensvassdraget 251 km
Begna 250 km
Otra 245 km
Trysilelva 233 km
Facts about Norway
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Bergen

25

Largest urban areas (2007)
Oslo 839,000
Bergen 220,000
Stavanger 181,000
Trondheim 153,000
Drammen 93,000
Kristiansand 66,000
Fredrikstad 58,000
Tromsø 54,000
Tønsberg 46,000
Ålesund 45,000
Regions
Midt-Norge (Trøndelag) 41,228 km²
Nord-Norge 112,824 km²

Sørlandet (Agder) 16,490 km²
Vestlandet 58,330 km²
Østlandet 94,579 km²
Bjørnøya 178 km²
Jan Mayen* 377 km²
Svalbard* 61.193 km²
* not really considered a Norwegian region
Administrative divisions
County County seat Area
Akershus Oslo 4,918 km²
Aust-Agder Arendal 9,210 km²
Buskerud Drammen 14,930 km²
Finnmark Vadsø 48,649 km²
Hedmark Hamar 27,388 km²
Hordaland Bergen 15,450 km²
Møre og Romsdal Molde 15,105 km²
Nordland Bodø 38,327 km²
Facts about Norway

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