Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH
PRESENT PERFECT

I. KHÁI NIỆM
Thì hiện tại hồn thành dùng để diễn tả về một hành động đã hồn thành cho tới thời
điểm hiện tại mà khơng bàn về thời gian diễn ra nó.
II. CẤU TRÚC THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
Câu khẳng định

Câu phủ định

Câu nghi vấn

S + have/ has + PII.

S + haven’t/ hasn’t + PII.

Q: Have/Has + S + PII?

CHÚ Ý:

CHÚ Ý:

A: Yes, S + have/ has.

– S = I/ We/ You/ They +
have

– haven’t = have not
– hasn’t = has not

No, S + haven't / hasn't.
Ví dụ:

– S = He/ She/ It + has
Ví dụ:

Have you ever travelled to
Ví dụ:
Vietnam? (Bạn đã từng du
– We haven’t met each other lịch tới Việt Nam bao giờ
– I have graduated from my for a long time.(Chúng tôi
chưa?)
university since 2012. (Tôi
không gặp nhau trong một
tốt nghiệp đại học từ năm
thời gian dài rồi.)
Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.
2012.)
– Daniel hasn’t come back – Has she arrived London
– We have worked for this
his hometown since 2015.
yet? (Cô ấy đã tới Luân Đôn
company for 4 years.
(Daniel không quay trở lại
chưa?)
(Chúng tơi làm việc cho
q hương của mình từ năm
cơng ty này 4 năm rồi.)
2015.)
Yes, she has./ No, she

hasn’t.
- She has started the
- I haven’t started the
assignment. ( Cô ấy đã bắt
assignment (Tôi chưa bắt
- Have you started the
đầu với nhiệm vụ.)
đầu với nhiệm vụ)
assignment? (Bạn đã bắt
đầu với công việc, nhiệm vụ


III. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH
➣ Hành động đã hoàn thành cho tới thời điểm hiện tại mà khơng đề cập tới nó xảy
ra khi nào.
E.g.: I’ve done all my homework. / Tôi đã làm hết bài tập về nhà.

➣Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại.
E.g. 1: They’ve been married for nearly fifty years. (Họ đã kết hôn được 50 năm.)
E.g. 2: She has lived in Tokyo all her life. (Cố ấy đã sống cả đời ở Liverpool.)
Lưu ý : Chúng ta có thể sử dụng Thì hiện tại hồn thành tiếp diễn cho những trường
hợp như ví dụ 2.
E.g.:
She has been living in Tokyo all her life.
It’s been raining for hours.

➣ Diễn tả hành động đã từng làm trước đây và bây giờ vẫn còn làm
E.g.:
He has written three books and he is working on another book.( Anh ấy đã viết được 3
cuốn sách và đang viết cuốn tiếp theo.)

I’ve played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.( Tơi đã chơi guitar kể từ khi cịn nhỏ.)

➣ Chúng ta thường sử dụng một mệnh đề với “since” chỉ ra khi một cái gì đó bắt
đầu trong q khứ:
They’ve stayed with us since last week. (Họ đã ở với chúng tôi từ tuần trước.)
I have worked here since I left school. ( Tôi đã làm việc ở đây kể từ khi tôi rời trường.)


➣Một kinh nghiệm cho tới thời điểm hiện tại (thường dùng trạng từ ever)
E.g.1: My last birthday was the worst day I’ve ever had. (Sinh nhật năm ngoái là ngày tệ
nhất đời tôi.)
E.g.2: Have you ever met George? Yes, but I’ve never met his wife. (Sử dụng never cho
trường hợp tiêu cực)

➣Về một hành động trong quá khứ nhưng quan trọng tại thời điểm nói
E.g.1: I can’t get my house. I’ve lost my keys. (Tôi không thể vào nhà được. Tơi đánh
mất chùm chìa khóa của mình rồi.)
E.g. 2: Teresa isn’t at home. I think she has gone shopping. (Teresa khơng có ở nhà. Tơi
nghĩ cơ ấy đã đi mua sắm.)
Lưu ý đặc biệt: Trong một số trường hợp, ta sử dụng trạng thái quá khứ phân từ của động
từ TOBE : BEEN như một dạng quá khứ phân từ của động từ GO.

IV. DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT
- just, recently, lately: gần đây, vừa mới
- already: rồi
- before: trước đây
- ever: đã từng
- never: chưa từng, không bao giờ
- yet: chưa (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi
- for + N – quãng thời gian: trong khoảng (for a year, for a long time, …) ví dụ: for 2

months: trong vòng 2 tháng
- since + N – mốc/điểm thời gian: từ khi (since 1992, since June, …)


- so far = until now = up to now = up to the present: cho đến bây giờ - in/ for/ during/
over + the past/ last + thời gian: trong …. Qua ( Ví dụ: During the past 2 years: trong 2
năm qua)
*** Vị trí của các trạng từ trong thì hiện tại hồn thành:
- already, never, ever just: sau “have/ has” và đứng trước động từ phân từ II.
- already: cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.
E.g.: I have just come back home. (Tôi vừa mới về nhà.)
- Yet: đứng cuối câu, và thường được sử dụng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.
E.g.: She hasn’t told me about you yet. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa kể với tôi về bạn.)
- so far, recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ for/ during/ over + the past/
last + thời gian: Có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu.
E.g.: I have seen this film recently. (Tôi xem bộ phim này gần đây.)

V. Bài tập
Bài tập 1: Đọc các tình huống, sử dụng các động từ dưới đây và viết lại câu với thì
hiện tại hồn thành:
arrive - break – fall - go - up - grow - improve – lose
1. Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.
= Tom has lost his key.
2. Lisa can't walk and her leg is in plaster.
Lisa .................... . .... ............................................ .
3. Last week the bus fare was £1 .80. Now it is £2.
The bus fare ........................................ .............. ..
4. Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is better.
Her English .............................................................. .

5. Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard.
Dan ..........................................................................

6. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it.
The letter .................................................................
7. The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12.
The .................................................... ........................... ..

Bài tập 2: Chọn “Been” hoặc “Gone”
1, James is on holiday. He's gone to Italy.
2, Hello! I've just ........... ... to the shops. I've bought lots of things.
3, A lice isn't here at the moment. She's ..... .......... ............................ to the shop to get a
newspaper.
4, Tom has ..................................... out. He'll be back in about an hour.
5, 'Are you going to the bank?' - 'No, I've already ..... . ....................... ..... to the bank.'

Bài tập 3: Trả lời các câu hỏi dựa vào từ trong ngoặc
1. Would you like something to eat?
No, thanks. ..... I have just had lunch... (I / just / have / lunch)
2. Do you know where Julia is?
Yes, .................................. ................................................. .. ..... ............. . .. (I / just / see /
her)
3. What time is David leaving?
.....................................................................................................................(He / already /
leave)


4. What's in the newspaper today?
I don't know. .. ............................................................. .............................. (I / not / read /

it / yet)
5. Is Sue coming to the cinema with us?
No, ....... .. ............................................................................. .... .. (She / already / see / the
film)
6. Are your friends here yet?
Yes, .. ................ .......................................................................................... (they / just /
arrive)
7. What does Tim think about your plan?
...........................................................................................................(we / not / tell / him /
yet)

Bài tập 4: Đọc tình huống và viết lại câu với các từ just, already hoặc yet.
1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, 'Would you like something to
eat?"
You say: No thank you. I've just had lunch. (have lunch)
2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, 'Can I speak to
joe?'
You say: I'm afraid .... ........... .... ..................... .................................... ..... . (go out)
3.You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take
your plate away.
You say: Wait a minute! ................ .......................................................... . (not / finish)
4. You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phoned to reserve a table. Later your friend
says, 'Shall I phone to reserve a table?
You say: No, ............ ............................... ........... .... ....... ................. ...... . (do it)


5. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been
successful. Ask her.
You say: .. ....... ............ . ................... .. ..................... ..... ..... ... .... ... . .... ? (find)
6. You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, 'Where are you

going for your holiday?
You say: ...................... .......... ................... . ........................ ..... .... ...... . (not / decide)
7. Linda went shopping, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, 'Is Linda
still out shopping?'
You say: No, .... ........................................................ ................................ (come back)

Bài tập 5: Bạn hãy viết các câu hỏi để hỏi những việc mọi người đã làm, dùng với
‘ever’
1, (ride / horse?) ... Have you ever ridden a horse?
2, (be /' California?) Have ..................................................................................................
3, (run / marathon?) .... .......................................................................... ....... .. ...............
4, (speak / famous person?) ..............................................................................................
5, (most beautiful place / visit?) What’s............................................................................

Bài 6 : Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng cách chia động từ trong ngoặc đơn ở thì hiện
tại hồn thành.
0. She has never traveled (never/ travel) by plane before.
1. I _______________ (dream) of winning a medal for a long time.
2. She _______________ (not/ see) much of Vietnam, so she wants to see more this year.
3. _______________ you ever _______________ (be) to a desert? No, never.
4. Van _______________ (throw) a surprise party for her boyfriend.
5. Where _______________ Stephen _______________ (be) for the past 2 days?


Bài 7 : Gạch chân dưới đáp án đúng.
0. His family hasn’t contacted/ didn’t contact him for 5 years.
1. She has seen/ saw that movie more than 5 times.
2. Stop complaining! You haven’t stopped/ stopped since you arrived.
3. We haven’t found/ didn’t find any sign of life since we landed on Mars.
4. Ms. Rose has never taken/ has taken never me to see her flat.

5. Congratulations! You have passed/ passed the exam.

Bài 8 : Khoanh tròn vào đáp án đúng.
0. My granny _______________ that detective novel.
A. has already read
B. has yet read
C. readed
D. is reading
2. There _______________ a lot of changes in Vietnam since the 1990s.
A. was
B. have been
C. has been
D. are
3. It _______________ him almost 1 hour to go to school by bus every day.
A. takes
B. took
C. has taking


D. is taking

4. Her hometown _______________ a lot of hills and mountains.
A. has
B. gets
C. is
D. has got
5. My dog _______________ my cat since I came home.
A. is chasing
B. has chased
C. chased

D. chases
6. I fell asleep while I _______________ my homework last night.
A. was doing
B. have done
C. did
D. is doing

Bài 9 : Cho dạng đúng của các động từ trong ngoặc.
1. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.
2. She (not/have) ……………any fun a long time.
3. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
4. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)………. one since Thursday.
5. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)…………. each other for five years.


6. I…… just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
7. The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.
8. How long…….. (you/know)………. each other?
9. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?
10. He (eat)………………. at the King Power Hotel yet?
11. They (live) ………….here all their life..
12. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……….. six.
13. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
14. She (write)………….. three books about her wild life.
15. We (finish) ……………………one English course.

Bài 10 : Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. This last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago.
=> She hasn't............................................................................................................
2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago.

=> He has.................................................................................................................
3. It has been 5 years since we first flew to Singapore.
=> We have................................................................................................................
4. I last had my hair cut in November.
=> I haven't................................................................................................................
5. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago.
=> We haven't.............................................................................................................
6. It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven't.............................................................................................................


7. When did you have it?
=> How long...........................................................................................................?
8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
=> I haven't................................................................................................................
9. I haven't seen him for 8 days.
=> The last................................................................................................................
10. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday.
=> It is........................................................................................................................

Bài 11 : Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. I haven’t cutted my hair since last June.
…………………………………………..
2. She has not working as a teacher for almost 5 years.
…………………………………………..
3. The lesson haven’t started yet.
…………………………………………..
4. Has the cat eat yet?
…………………………………………..
5. I am worried that I hasn’t still finished my homework yet.

…………………………………………..
6. I have just decided to start working next week.
…………………………………………..
7. He has been at his computer for seven hours.


…………………………………………..
8. She hasn’t received any good news since a long time.
…………………………………………..
9.My father hasn’t played any sport for last year.
…………………………………………..
10. I’d better have a shower. I hasn’t had one since Thursday.
…………………………………………..

Bài 12 : Chia các động từ sau ở thì phù hợp. (Sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn và hiện
tại hoàn thành)
1. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
2. Some people (attend).............the meeting right now.
3. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)……………………one since Thursday.
4. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)……………………each other for
five years.
5. Where is your mother? She...........................(have) dinner in the kitchen.
6. Why are all these people here? What (happen)................................?
7. I………………….just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of
term.
8. The train drivers (go)……………………..on strike and they stopped working at
twelve o’clock.
9. At present, he (compose)........................a piece of music.
10. We (have)........................dinner in a restaurant right now.

Bài 13 : Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.


1. She started to live in Hanoi 2 years ago. (for)
-> …………………………………………………
2. He began to study English when he was young. (since)
-> …………………………………………………
3. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is)
-> …………………………………………
4. I have never seen such a beautiful girl before. (She is)
-> …………………………………………
5. This is the best novel I have ever read. (before)
-> …………………………………………

Bài 14 : Viết lại các câu sau dựa trên các từ cho sẵn có sử dụng thì hiện tại hồn
thành.
1. We/ not eat/ out/ since/ mom’s birthday.
…………………………………………..
2. How/ long/ you/ live/ here?
…………………………………………..
3. You/ ever/ been/ Russia?
…………………………………………..
4. She/ not/ meet/ kids/ last Christmas.
…………………………………………..
5. They/ repair/ lamps/ yet?
…………………………………………..
Bài 15 : Hoàn thành câu sử dụng thì hiện tại hồn thành


We (not / work)________________ today.

I (buy) ________________ a new car.
I (not / plan) ________________ my holiday yet.
Which country (be / you) ________________ ?
She (write) ________________ four letters.
He (not / see) ________________ her for a long time.
(be / you) ________________ at company?
The film (not / start) ________________
(speak / she) ________________ to her boss?
No, she (have / not) ________________ the time yet.
Xem thêm: Bài tập thì q khứ đơn có đáp án chi tiết

Bài 16 : Hồn thành câu sử dụng thì HTHT
Loan ________________me an e-mail. (to send)
Linh and Ngọc ________________the museum. (to visit)
We ________________at the pet shop. (to be)
He ________________already ________________his rucksack. (to pack)
Tuấn ________________an accident. (to have)
I ________________the shopping for my mother. (to do)
I ________________just ________________my room. (to clean)
Long ________________his room. (to paint)
Thư and Tú ________________to a concert. (to go)
My boyfriend ________________smoking. (to give up)


Bài 17 : Fill in the gap with since or for to complete the sentence.
1. He watched television ………..three hours.
2. They have been friends………….five months.
3. My family has owned this farm……….1990.
4. I have wanted that book ………..months.
5. I haven’t seen you…………..Christmas.

6. We have been here………January.
7. I haven’t eaten any meat………….over a year.
8. She has worn the same old dress ………..the beginning of the month.

Bài 18 : Give the correct form of the verb in the brackets in the present perfect
tense.
1. I (know)……………….him all my life.
2. They (live)…………………..in that house for two years.
3. My brother (write)…………………..three books.
4. She (not break)…………………….her leg.
5. She (break)………………………her arm.
6. I (see)……………………….an elephant several times.
7. She (have)……………………that dress for ten years.
8. We (be)……………………………here for hours!
9. The children (not finish)……………………….their homework yet.
10. You (be)………………………to the zoo?

Bài 19 : Give the correct form of the verb in the brackets.


1. We (study)______________ a very hard lesson the day before yesterday.
2. I (read)______________ that novel by Hemingway several times before.
3. We (study)____________________almost every lesson in this book so far.
4. My wife and I (travel) ________________ to Mexico by air last summer.
5. I (have)______________ a little trouble with my car last week.
6. What you (do)_______________ yesterday?
7. How long you (learn)__________________ English?
8. Ton never (be)__________________ in Hanoi.
9. The plane (stop)_______________ at a small town. It then (take) ___________
off immediately after refuelling.

10. She (be)_______ so happy when she (hear)____________ the news that she
(cry)___________________.
11. Steven (live)_________________ in London since 1990.
12. We (leave)_______________ Singapore six months ago.
13. I never(eat)____________________ snake meat.
13. Diana (meet)________________Simon for dinner last night.
14. Oh no! Someone (steal)________________ my bag.

Bài 20: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. She already ( watch) this movie.
2. He (write) his report yet?
3. We (travel) to New York lately.
4. They (not give) his decision yet.
5. Tracy ( not see) her friend for 2 years.


6. I (be) to London three times.
7. It (rain) since I stopped my work.
8. This is the second time I (meet) him.
9. They (walk) for more than 2 hours.
10. You (get) married yet?

Bài 21: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi sử dụng từ gợi ý trong ngoặc:
1. She started to live in Hanoi 2 years ago. (for)
-> …………………………………………………
2. He began to study English when he was young. (since)
-> …………………………………………………
3. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is)
-> …………………………………………
4. I have never seen such a beautiful girl before. (She is)

-> …………………………………………
5. This is the best novel I have ever read. (before)
-> …………………………………………

Bài 22: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì HTHT.
1. The bill isn’t right. They (make)………….. a mistake.
2. Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).
3. I (turn)……….. the heating on. It’ll soon get warm in here.
4. ……..they (pay)…….. money for your mother yet?
5. Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.


6. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.
7. ………you ever (eat)………….. Sushi?
8. She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.
9. I (work)………….. here for three years.
10. ………… you ever …………..(be) in New York?
11. You (not/do) ………….yor project yet, I suppose.
12. I (just/ see)………. Andrew and he says he ……..already (do)………. about half of
the plan.
13. I ………..just (decide)……… to start working next week.
14. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.
15. She (not/have) ……………any fun a long time.
16. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
17. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)………. one since Thursday.
18. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)…………. each other for five years.
19. I…… just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
20. The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.
21. How long…….. (you/know)………. each other?
22. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?

23. (She/ eat)………………. at the Royal Hotel yet?
24. He (live) ………….here all his life..
25. Is this the second time he (lose)……………. his job?
26. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……….. six.
27. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
28. She (write)………….. three poems about her fatherland.


29. We (finish) ……………………three English courses.
30. School (not, start)……………..yet.

Bài 23: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
1.She has never drunk whisky before.
....................................................................................
2.He has never known me before.
....................................................................................
3.This is the first time we’ve visited Ha Long Bay.
....................................................................................
4.The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
.....................................................................................
5.I last had my hair cut when I left her.
.....................................................................................
6.It is a long time since we last met.
....................................................................................