tiếng anh cơ khí và vật liệu

Mechanical Engineering ( Kĩ thuật cơ khí)
The branch of engineering that deals with machines and
mechanics

1.

Power Plant Engineering ( KT nhà máy điện)
The branch of mechanical engineering that mainly utilizes
the principles of thermodynamics.

2.

HVAC
It deals with heating, ventilation and air- conditioning.

3.

Mechatronics ( cơ điện tử)
The new branch that combines mechanical, computer and
electrics engineering

4.

Aerospace Engineering ( KT hàng không) includes:

●

Aeronautical engineering ( KT máy bay ): deals with
airplanes

●

Astronautical engineering ( KT tàu vũ trụ ): the subbranch of aerospace engineering that deals with spacecrafts.

5.

Computer Aided Engineering ( KT có sự trợ giúp của máy
tính)
The branch that mainly refers to the use of computers and
relevant software for carrying out of design, analysis,
simulation of various machines and procedures

6.

Marine Engineering( KT tàu thủy)
The branch that relates to the operation and maintenance of
propulsion and other machines on board ships

7.

Automotive Engineering( KT ô tô )
The branch that deals with the operation and maintenance
of vehicle travelling on the road rather than sea or air

8.

A Prototype
An early sample, model, or release of a product built to test
a concept or process

Conceptualization ( lên ý tưởng )

9.

A step of engineering design that involves the formulation of
a model

10.

Evaluation ( đánh giá)
A

step

of

engineering

design

that

involves

detailed

calculation
11.

Definition of a problem
A step of engineering design which includes writing down a
formal problem statement

12.

Communication of the design
A step of engineering design in which deliverables such as
detailed engineering drawings, working models are given to
customers.

A fluid pump ( or hydraulic pump) - bơm (các chất lỏng
nói chung)
is

a

device

or

machine

having

moving

mechanical

components which uses energy from some source, supplied to

it in form of mechanical energy by an electrical motor or an
engine.


(máy móc có các thành phần cơ học chuyển động sử dụng năng
lượng từ một số nguồn, được động cơ điện hoặc động cơ cung
cấp cho nó dưới dạng năng lượng cơ học).

A pump ( in general)
is a machine which imparts energy to anything flowing
through it.

An industrial filter press - Máy ép lọc
a tool used in separation processes, specifically to separate
solids and liquids.
(sử dụng trong quá trình tách, đặc biệt để tách chất rắn và chất
lỏng).

AODD: Air-Operated Double-Diaphragm pump - Bơm
màng kép vận hành bằng khơng khí
An Air-Operated Double-Diaphragm pump (AODD) is a type of
positive displacement (PD) pump. It consists of two pumping


chambers that are alternately filled and discharged by the
movement of flexible diaphragms.
(bao gồm hai khoang bơm được làm đầy và xả luân phiên nhờ
chuyển động của các màng ngăn linh hoạt).

Axial flow pump - Bơm hướng trục

The flow path of the fluid is mainly parallel to the axis of
rotation
Đường chảy của chất lưu chủ yếu song song với trục quay

blade
cánh bơm

cardiovascular - Tim mạch
relating to the heart and blood vessels


cavitation
a phenomenon in which rapid changes of pressure in a liquid
lead to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in places
where the pressure is relatively low.
(Cavitation là hiện tượng hình thành bong bóng trong chất lỏng
khi xảy ra sự thay đổi áp suất một cách đột ngột)

cavity
a hole, or an empty spaces between two surfaces
ổ, hốc, khoang

Centrifugal pump
Bơm ly tâm
A device or machine is used to transport fluids by the
conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic
energy of the fluid flow.


chamber

buồng, a space

Check valve - Van một chiều
A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve, reflux valve,
retention valve or one-way valve
a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow
through it in only one direction.
Van một chiều là thiết bị bảo vệ đường ống dẫn, cho phép dịng
chất lỏng-khí đi qua chỉ theo 1 hướng nhất định và ngăn cản
dòng theo hướng ngược lại

Clearance - Khoảng trống
a space between two moving parts, left to avoid clashing or to
permit relatively free moving


Clogged - Bị tắc
Become blocked with an accumulation of thick, wet matter.

Crankshaft - Trục khuỷu
A crankshaft is a rotating shaft which (in conjunction with
the connecting rods) converts the reciprocating motion of the
pistons into rotational motion.
Trục khuỷu là một trục quay (kết hợp với các thanh nối) biến
chuyển động tịnh tiến của các piston thành chuyển động quay.

Crucial - Quan trọng
Pivotal, critical, key, important

customization
tính đa năng, the action of modifying something to suit a
particular individual or task.

Deadheaded
Sunken or partially submerged in liquid.

Diaphragm
Màng( màn) chắn

diaphragm pump
industrial pumps, which use the pressure of compressed air
to act on the diaphragm, transfer the pressure to the pump
to pump the media.
máy bơm công nghiệp, sử dụng áp suất của khí nén để tác
động lên màng bơm, truyền áp suất cho máy bơm để bơm
môi chất.
a pump using a flexible diaphragm in place of a piston.
một máy bơm sử dụng màng ngăn linh hoạt thay cho piston.


Lubricant - Dầu bôi trơn
a substance that is used to make part move easily
dầu bôi trơn

Perpendicular
at an angle of 90° to a horizontal line or surface
vng góc, trực giao

Pilot valve - Van điều khiển

Lead valve
a small valve that controls a limited-flow control feed to a
separate piloted valve
Van điều khiển là một van nhỏ điều khiển nguồn cấp dữ liệu điều
khiển lưu lượng hạn chế đến một van điều khiển riêng biệt.


Piston - Pít tơng
a moving disk enclosed in a cylinder which is made gas-tight
by piston rings
một đĩa chuyển động được bao bọc trong một xi lanh được làm
kín khí bằng các vịng piston

Piston pump - Bơm pít tơng
a pump having a reciprocating piston operating in a cylinder
so as to impart motion and pressure to the fluid by direct
displacement.
một máy bơm có một piston chuyển động hoạt động trong một
xi lanh để truyền chuyển động và áp suất cho chất lỏng bằng
cách dịch chuyển trực tiếp.

Positive displacement pumps - Bơm tĩnh
Deplaces the fluid positively that is, certain fixed quantity is
displaced
A positive-displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping
a fixed amount and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume


into the discharge pipe.

Pressure - Sức ép
Continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by
something in contact with it.

Prime mover - Máy chính
machine or component that converts energy from an energy
source into motive power.

Propeller - Cánh bơm (Propeller is a fan)
bộ cánh bơm, chân vịt tàu thủy

Reciprocate - chuyển động qua lại

(of a part of a machine) move backward and forward in a


straight line.

Rotating positive displacement pump - Bơm tĩnh quay
A pump that has rotating parts which form the moving cavity
for carrying the fluid from one side and discharging it at the
supply side

Roto-dynamic pumps - (Bơm động )Bơm quay động lực
A rotodynamic pump is a kinetic machine in which energy is
continuously imparted to the pumped fluid by means of a
rotating impeller, propeller, or rotor
Máy bơm động là một máy động học trong đó năng lượng được
truyền liên tục cho chất lỏng được bơm nhờ cánh quạt quay,
cánh quạt hoặc roto.

Sealing point - Làm kín, bịt kín (điểm được bịt, hàn kín)
VD: Non-contact seal: bịt kín khơng tiếp xúc
-

Groove seal: bịt kín kiểu rãnh

-

Laby-rinth seal: bịt kín kiểu đường phức tạp

-

Grease-retaining ring: vịng chắn mỡ

-

Contact seal: bịt kín kiểu tiếp xúc

-

Felt seal: bịt kín bằng phớt

Spontaneous tendency - Xu hướng tự phát
the way in a natural and often sudden way and without a lot of
thought or planning

Stall - Chết máy
stop running, typically because of an overload on the engine

Suction port - Cửa hút
A suction port device comprising a shield member extending
along at least one of the peripheral edges of an opening
formed in a suction port body
Cửa hút bao gồm bộ phận che chắn kéo dài dọc theo ít nhất một
trong các cạnh ngoại vi của lỗ được tạo thành trong thân cửa hút (
Đơn

giản

là

nơi

chất

Velocity - Vận tốc
the speed at which an object is travelling

lỏng

đi

vào

)

Viscosity - Độ nhớt
the quality or state of being viscous (= thick and sticky and
not flowing easily)

Volume - Thể tích
Form an enclosed envelope of volume where the fluid can be
captured and displaced

Unit 3: Refrigeration
Word

Definition

Absorb

To retain (radiation or sound for example)
wholly, without reflection or transmission

Adjustable

that can be moved to different positions or
changed in shape or size

Capillary tube

any of the fine branching blood vessels
that

form

a

network

between

the

arterioles and venules
compartment

a separate section of a structure or
container in which certain items can be


kept separate from others
Compressor

a pump that enables the flow of the
refrigerant

Condenser

an apparatus or container for condensing
vapor

container

the plastic or metal body of a fridge with
insulation units to prevent outside heat

entering the fridge

CSIRO

the

Commonwealth

Scientific

and

Industrial Research Organisation is an
Australian

Government

agency

responsible for scientific research
depletion

when an amount of something is greatly
reduced or nearly all used up

desiccant

a desiccant is a hygroscopic substance
that is used to induce or sustain a state of
dryness (desiccation) in its vicinity, it is

the opposite of a humectant. Commonly
encountered pre-packaged desiccants are
solids that absorb water.

ambient

existing in the surrounding area


evaporator

the device used to turn liquid form into
gas form/vapor and it helps to absorb heat
from food/air.

heat exchanger

a group of tubes where heat is exchanged
to the outside or inside of the fridge

Ice cube tray

ice cube trays are designed to be filled
with water, then placed in a freezer until
the water freezes into ice, producing ice
cubes

infiltrate

to pass into or through something

megaton

a unit for measuring the power of an
explosive, equal to one million tons of TNT
- a one megaton nuclear bomb

Metering device

the component in an air conditioning
system

that

drastically

reduces

the

temperature and pressure of refrigerant
coming from the condenser before that
refrigerant enters the evaporator.
Radiator fins

heat exchangers used to transfer thermal
energy from one medium to another for
the purpose of cooling and heating

Reciprocate

to move backwards and forwards in a


straight line
Refrigerant

a chemical substance that can be used to
make or keep things cold

Unit 4: Automobile
Accelerator pedal
the pedal in a car or other vehicle that you press with your
foot to control the speed of the engine

blast furnace
lò luyện sắt


bloster
a part of the car seat providing structural support, reducing
friction and providing comfort for the drivers and passengers

Keyword(s):car

seat,

support,

reduce

friction

Body
Skin forming the outside of vehicle; can be steel, aluminum,
fiberglass, plastic or composite


bonnet
nắp capo

bumper
a bar fixed to the front and back of a car, etc. to reduce the
effect if it hits anything

Keyword(s):thanh cản sốc


chassis
the frame that a vehicle is built on

combustion engine
Động cơ đốt trong


Keyword(s):engine

Convertible
able to be arranged in a different way and used for a different
purpose

coupé
cut


convertible/cabriolet
Xe mui trần

Cup holder
A plastic device in the car for holding drinking containers


cylinder
the hollow tube in an engine, like a cylinder in shape, inside
which the piston move

Digital gauge
An instrument that can measure and display the value of a
physical characteristic

Keyword(s):instrument

measure

display physical characteristic

and