Tiếng anh 12 mindmap 25 chu de on thi THPT 2021

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

MỤC LỤC
Trang

Lời nói đầu ( Introduction )………………………………………………………………………………………
2
Bảng từ viết tắt ( List of English abbreviations/words )…………………………....……………..
3
Module 1: Pronunciation(Phát âm)……………………………………………………………………….…...
4
Module 2: Stress(Trọng âm) ……………………………………………………………………………………...
6
Module 3: Verb tenses( Thì của động từ) …………………………………………………………………...
8
Module 4: The sequence of tenses( Sự phối hợp thì) …………………………………………………
9
Module 5: Subject and verb agreements( Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ và động từ) ……………..…
11
Module 6: Modal verbs(Động từ khiếm khuyết) …………………………………………………………
13
Module 7: The subjunctive mood( Thức giả định) ……………………………………………………..
16
Module 8: Gerund and infinitive verb( V-ing /to V/V(bare) ) + Lối nói phụ họa…………
18
Module 9: Tag questions( Câu hỏi đi)………………………………………………………………….….
22
Module 10: Comparisons(Sự so sánh)………………………………………………………………………..
23
Module 11: The orders of the adjectives(Trật tự của tính từ)…………………………………….
25

Module 12: Articles(Mạo từ) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
26
Module 13: Word formation(Cấu tạo từ) …………………………………………………………………..
29
Module 14: Expressions of quantity( Từ chỉ định lượng) …………………………………………..
32
Module 15: Passive voices(Thể bị động) ……………………………………………………………………
34
Module 16: Conditional sentences and wish(Câu điều kiện & câu điều ước)………….…...
39
Module 17: Reported speech(Câu tường thuật) ……………………………………………………..…..
41
Module 18: Relative clauses(Mệnh đề quan hệ) ………………………………………………….......….
44
Module 19: Phrase and clauses(Cụm từ và một câu) +Clauses of manner with…………..
46
Module 20: Inversion(Đảo ngữ) …………………………………………………………………………………. 48
Module 21: Conjunctions(Liên từ)………………………………......……………………………….……….... 50
Module 22: Prepositions( Giới từ) ……………………………………………………………………………... 53
Module 23: Phrasal verbs( Cụm động từ) ………………………………………………………………..….
61
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

Module 24: Idioms( Thành ngữ) ……………………………………………………………………………..….. 69
Module 25: Collocations( Cụm từ cố định) ………………………………………………………………….
76
Others structures( Một số cấu trúc khác) …………………………………………………………………….

79
Correct the mistakes ( Tìm lỗi sai )…………………………………………………………………………...... 83
Communications( Chức năng giao tiếp) …………………………………………………………………….… 84
Common family words( Bảng từ loại thông dụng) …………………………………………………….….
87
Irregular verbs( Bảng động từ bất quy tắc) ……………………………………………………………….…
98

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
Các bạn thân mến!
Theo xu thế phát triển xã hội và hội nhập kinh tế toàn cầu, Ti ếng Anh ngày càng tr ở nên
quan trọng và cần thiết hơn bao giờ hết. Tuy nhiên ngôn ngữ là một phạm trù rất r ộng nên
việc thông thạo ngoại ngữ địi hỏi người đọc phải kiên trì,quyết tâm và đặc bi ệt là cần có
phương pháp học tập hiệu quả.
• Bạn cảm thấy khó khăn với việc học những công thức, mẫu câu ngữ pháp Ti ếng Anh
phức tạp và cách giải thích dài dịng khó hiểu.
• Bạn đã học đi học lại nhiều lần nhưng vẫn không th ể ghi nhớ được những ki ến thức
ngữ pháp đó .
• Bạn băn khoăn về khả năng ghi nhớ của mình trước một lượng kiến thức khổng l ồ
trong ngơn ngữ mỗi ngày
• Bạn nói và viết Tiếng Anh nhưng rất sợ người nghe, người đọc hiểu nhầm ý vì sai ngữ
pháp của câu.
Quyển sách Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh bạn cầm trên tay giúp bạn học và ghi nhớ ngữ pháp Ti ếng
Anh một cách nhanh chóng qua những ví dụ minh họa và Sơ đồ tư duy ( Mind Map )
Kiến thức siêu đầy đủ ,áp dụng dễ dàng.Phù hợp với mọi trình độ ,mọi đối tượng từ giáo viên
đến học sinh.
Quyển sách này sẽ giúp bạn !
• Đột phá việc ghi nhớ các kiến thức
• Nắm trọn ngữ pháp thơng qua những từ khóa chính
• Kích thích sự phát triển não bộ qua các sơ đồ tư duy

• Tăng tính ứng dụng thực tế trong các tình huống
Page


Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

Trong q trình biên soạn sách có thể có những thiếu sót nhất định.Tơi mong nhận đ ược s ự
góp ý quý báu của các bạn để sách hoàn thiện hơn.
Chúc bạn học tốt !

ho bộ não” một phương pháp trình bày ý t ưởng ,ki ến th ức b ằng nh ững t ừ khóa chính, hình ảnh và m

LIST OF ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS/WORDS

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Tên viết tắt
S
V

O
Adj
Adv
N
Vp2
Sb
St
V-ing
Np

Tên viết đầy đủ
Subject
Verb
Object
Adjective
Adverb
Noun
Past participle
Somebody
Something
Gerund / present participle
Noun phrase

Ý nghĩa
Chủ ngữ
Động từ
Tân ngữ
Tính từ
Trạng từ
Danh từ

Q khứ phân từ
Một ai đó
Một cái gì đó
Danh động từ/hiện tại phân từ
Cụm danh từ

Page


Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

MODULE 1: PRONUNCIATION
PHÁT ÂM
Nguyên
âm đôiDiphthongs
Nguyên
âm ng
ắn - Short
vowels
- /ai/: buy, skỵ, hi, shy
- / ə/: ago, mother,
- / ɔɪ /: boy, enjoy, toy togethe
- /ei/: day, baby, stay
- /i/: hit, bit, sit
- /ou /: no, go, so
- / ʌ /: study, shut, must

Nguyên âm dài - Long
vowels
- / iː/ meet, beat, heat

-/u:/: school, food, moon
- /a:/: father, star, car

- /au/: now, sound, cow
- / ɒ /: got job, hospital
NGUYÊN ÂM
VOWELS

- /b/: bag, baby
- /p/: pupil, pay, stop
- /d/: dog, daddy, dead
- /k/: kiss, key
- /m/: mother, map, come

PHIÊN ÂM

- /j/: yes, yellow
- /n/: many, none, news
- /s/: see, summer
- /l/: love, lucky, travel
PHỤ ÂM

- /z/: zoo, visit

CONSONANTS

- /r/: river, restaurant
- /h/: hat, honey
- /t/: tea, teach
- / dʒ /: village, jam, generous

- /g /: get, game, go
- / θ /: thin, thick, something, birth
- /f/: fall, laugh, fiction

Page


Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

 PHÁT ÂM “ ED ” or “S / ES ”
/s /

Cách phát âm đuôi -s

/ iz /

k , p, f , t, th ( khắp phố phường tối
thui )
Ch, X , S, Z, Sh, SE, CE, GE
( Chúng xổ số zới Sh sẽ có ghệ )

/z/

/ id /

Cách phát âm đi -ed

/t/

Khi tận cùng trước nó là ngun âm và

các phụ âm cịn lại

t , d ( tình đầu )

sh, s, ch, ss, ce, x, k ,p, f = gh
(Sáng sớm chi sáu chạy xe khắp phố

/ d/

Khi tận cùng trước -ed nó là nguyên âm
và các phụ âm cịn lại

-s
Note đi -ed
-Đi
“se” -ed
đọctrong
là “z”các
or “s”
tính từ sau được phát âm
/id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,
- “Ce =S”
ragged wicked , blessed , wretched
- “gh” đọc là “f” : laugh , cough, tough , rough

Page


Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

PRACTISES
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. final
B. writer
C. ivory
D. widow
Question 2: A. passed
B. managed
C. cleared
D. threatened
Question 3: A. ejects
B. defends
C. advocates
D. breaths
Question 4: A. produced
B. believed
C. stopped
D. laughed
Question 5: A. alien
B. alloy
C. alley
D. anthem
Question 6: A. affected
B. looked
C. decreased
D. washed
Question 7: A. missed
B. worked
C. realized

D. watched
Question 8: A. need
B. speech
C. see
D. career
Question 9: A. loved
B. appeared
C. agreed
D. coughed
Question 10: A. pagoda
B. integral
C. against
D. aquatic
Question 11: A. imagines
B. bikes
C. cultures
D. involves
Question 12: A. office
B. practice
C. service
D. device
Question 13: A. finished
B. cooked
C. attended
D. laughed
Question 14: A. number
B. future
C. furious
D. amuse
Question 15: A. concerned

B. candied
C. travelled
D. dried
Question 16: A. speaks
B. speeds
C. graphs
D. beliefs
Question 17: A. dune
B. hummock
C. shrub
D. buffalo
Question 18: A. increased
B. pleased
C. replaced
D. fixed
Question 19: A. looks
B. knows
C. helps
D. sits
Question 20: A. linked
B. declared
C. finished
D. developed
Question 21: A. heat
B. beat
C. meant
D. easy
Question 22: A. sports
B. thanks
C. games

D. enthusiasts
Question 23: A. sacrificed
B. trusted
C. recorded
D. acted
Question 24: A. cooks
B. loves
C. joins
D. spends
Question 25: A. interviewed
B. performed
C. finished
D. delivered
Question 26: A. misses
B. goes
C. leaves
D. potatoes
Question 27: A. removed
B. approved
C. reminded
D. relieved
Question 28: A. young
B. plough
C. couple
D. cousin
Question 29: A. confine
B. conceal
C. convention
D. concentrate
Question 30: A. isolated

B. climate
C. island
D. automobile
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

Question 31: A. river
Question 32: A. valentine
Question 33: A. crop
Question 34: A. merchant
Question 35: A. obstacle
Question 36: A. failed
Question 37: A. develops
Question 38: A. species
Question 39: A. advanced
Question 40: A. exact
Question 41: A. heavy
Question 42: A. processed
Question 43: A. food
Question 44: A. amount
Question 45: A. apologize
Question 46: A. likes
Question 47: A. building
Question 48: A. create
Question 49: A. needed
Question 50: A. ploughs
Question 51: A. broad
Question 52: A. acronym

Question 53: A. account
Question 54: A. sound
Question 55: A. fungus
Question 56: A. contain
Question 57: A. measure
Question 58: A. south
Question 59: A. dome
Question 60: A. accountant
Question 61: A. clubs
Question 62: A. advance
Question 63: A. canoeing
Question 64: A. increase
Question 65: A. goalie
Question 66: A. bury
Question 67: A. book
Question 68: A. punctual
Question 69: A. sound
Question 70: A. clerk
Question 71: A. spark
Question 72: A. hasty
Question 73: A. neigh
Question 74: A. butter
Question 75: A. hall

B. rival
B. imagine
B. common
B. sergeant
B. obscure
B. reached

B. takes
B. invent
B. established
B. examine
B. head
B. infested
B. shoot
B. country
B. agree
B. tightens
B. suitable
B. creature
B. played
B. photographs
B. load
B. agency
B. amount
B. touchy
B. rubbish
B. entertain
B. pleasure
B. southern
B. comb
B. country
B. books
B. ancient
B. penalty
B. meant
B. archive
B. hurt

B. foot
B. rubbish
B. touch
B. reserve
B. share
B. nasty
B. height
B. gum
B. salt

C. native
C. discipline
C. household
C. mermaid
C. obsession
C. absorbed
C. laughs
C. medicine
C. preferred
C. eleven
C. weather
C. balanced
C. book
C. counter
C. algebra
C. heaps
C. suit
C. easy
C. rained
C. gas

C. road
C. became
C. mourning
C. outdated
C. function
C. certain
C. threat
C. scout
C. home
C. count
C. hats
C. cancer
C. rival
C. flea
C. signal
C. turn
C. brook
C. thunder
C. down
C. deserve
C. park
C. wastage
C. weigh
C. butcher
C. drawn

D. driven
D. determine
D. bodily
D. commercial

D. oblivious
D. solved
D. volumes
D. tennis
D. stopped
D. elephant
D. heat
D. reached
D. boot
D. around
D. aggressive
D. coughs
D. recruitment
D. increase
D. followed
D. laughs
D. boat
D. aviation
D. trout
D. account
D. furious
D. campaign
D. treat
D. drought
D. tomb
D. fountain
D. stamps
D. annual
D. tsunami
D. lease

D. advertisement
D. excursion
D. booth
D. furious
D. account
D. herb
D. smart
D. tasty
D. vein
D. summer
D. roll
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

Question 76: A. lost
Question 77: A. adopted
Question 78: A. mile
Question 79: A. peace
Question 80: A. sailor

B. post
B. appealed
B. militant
B. great
B. tailor

C. loan
C. dedicated

C. smile
C. treat
C. naivety

D. pole
D. wounded
D. kind
D. meat
D. painter

MODULE 2: STRESS
Tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ đa âm tiết. Những từ có hai âm tiết trở lên ln có một âm ti ết phát âm khác
biệt hẳn so với những âm tiết còn lại về độ dài, độ lớn và độ cao. Âm tiết nào được phát âm to hơn,
giọng cao hơn và kéo dài hơn các âm khác trong cùng một từ thì ta nói âm ti ết đó đ ược nhấn tr ọng
âm. Hay nói cách khác, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đó.
Khi nhìn vào phiên âm của một từ thì trọng âm của từ đó được kí hiệu bằng dấu (') ở phía trước, bên
trên âm tiết đó.
QUY TẮC
CHUNG

VÍ DỤ

NGOẠI LỆ

cadec,
listen,
1.
Từ có
2 âmopen,
tiết:

guitar, patrol, visit
- Danh từ hoặc tính từ: nhấn ở
âm tiết đầu

candy, really, active, carrot

2.
Các từ tậnheretic,
cùng là: IC, ION, IA,
arithmetic,
IAL,
IAN, IAR, IENCE, IENCY,
appliance
IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS,
UOUS ( nhấn trước nó 1 âm)

economic, revision, colonial,
musician, familiar,
experience, efficient,
gymnasium, continuous

3. Các từ tận cùng là: OUS, ATE,
TUDE, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY,
GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY, CY
(nhấn trước nó 2 âm)

adventurous, considerate,
attitude, capacity, variety,
mechanical, astrology,
photography, democracy

incarnate, disastrous

4. Các từ tận cùng là: ADE, EE,
ESE, EER, OO, OON, ETTE,
ESQUE, trọng âm thường nhấn
ở vần cuối. ( nhấn vào chính
nó)

employee, Vietnamese,
engineer, volunteer,
bamboo, balloon, cigarette,
picturesque

centigrade,
committee, overseer

dictate, present, export,
begin, dictate, present,
export, prevent

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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

5. Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi
vào âm tiết đầu

blackbird, greenhouse

bad-tempered, oldfashioned understand,
overflow

6. Tính từ kép, động từ kép,
trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ
hai

CHÚ Ý KHI XÉT TRỌNG ÂM

- Đối với từ có 3 âm tiết
hoặc có 4 âm tiết:
- trọng âm rơi và âm tiết ở
trước hậu tố ‘tion, ion,
ment’

Trọng âm thường rơi
vào nguyên âm
dài/nguyên âm đôi
hoặc âm cuối kết thúc
với nhiều hơn một
phụ âm

Trọng âm không bao giờ
rơi vào âm /ə/hoặc là âm
/əʊ/.

Nếu tất cả các âm mà
ngắn hết thì trọng âm
rơi vào âm tiết thứ

nhất

Đối với từ có 2 âm tiết:
- khi âm tiết đầu được
phát âm là /ə/ thì trọng
âm rơi vài âm tiết thứ 2

PRACTISES
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position
of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. apply
B. persuade
C. reduce
D. offer
Question 2: A. preservatives
B. congratulate
C. preferential
D. development
Question 3: A. president
B. physicist
C. inventor
D. property
Question 4: A. economy
B. unemployment C. communicate
D. particular
Question 5: A. elephant
B. dinosaur
C. buffalo
D. mosquito
Question 6: A. scientific

B. intensity
C. disappearance
D. expectation
Question 7: A. conference
B. lecturer
C. researcher
D. reference
Question 8: A. intentional
B. optimistic
C. environment
D. participant
Question 9: A. explain
B. happen
C. decide
D. combine
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

Question 10: A. represent
Question 11: A. minister
Question 12: A. equip
Question 13: A. involve
Question 14: A. hospital
Question 15: A. garment

B. intensive
B. dependent
B. listen

B. provide
B. inflation
B. comment

C. domestic
C. encourage
C. answer
C. install
C. policy
C. cement

D. employment
D. agreement
D. enter
D. comment
D. constantly
D. even

Question 16: A. different
Question 17: A. sorrow
Question 18: A. certainty
Question 19: A. publish
Question 20: A. police
Question 21: A. attract
Question 22: A. delicate
Question 23: A. figure
Question 24: A. engage
Question 25: A. original
Question 26: A. person
Question 27: A. situation

Question 28: A. different
Question 29: A. gorilla
Question 30: A. promote
Question 31: A. exciting
Question 32: A. curious
Question 33: A. comprehend
Question 34: A. consider
Question 35: A. pollutant
Question 36: A. generous
Question 37: A. history
Question 38: A. deafness
Question 39: A. pressure
Question 40: A. publish
Question 41: A. machine
Question 42: A. applicant
Question 43: A. interview
Question 44: A. example
Question 45: A. explain
Question 46: A. character
Question 47: A. surgeon
Question 48: A. supply
Question 49: A. broaden
Question 50: A. solidarity
Question 51: A. royal
Question 52: A. enroll
Question 53: A. optimistic

B. achievement
B. schooling
B. activity

B. replace
B. system
B. amaze
B. promotion
B. honest
B. import
B. responsible
B. hotel
B. appropriate
B. bamboo
B. interesting
B. precede
B. impolite
B. receive
B. entertain
B. concentrate
B. graduate
B. endangered
B. village
B. arrange
B. sensible
B. predict
B. export
B. preference
B. concentrate
B. happiness
B. involve
B. guitarist
B. conquest
B. consist

B. persuade
B. effectively
B. unique
B. promote
B. diversity

C. educate
C. passion
C. organize
C. involve
C. woman
C. offer
C. volcanic
C. polite
C. conserve
C. reasonable
C. signal
C. informality
C. rainfall
C. September
C. picture
C. attention
C. unique
C. develop
C. interest
C. enjoyable
C. horrible
C. surprise
C. absorb
C. treatment

C. reply
C. chemist
C. sufficient
C. comfortable
C. advantage
C. swallow
C. astronaut
C. profit
C. happen
C. reduce
C. documentary
C. remote
C. require
C. environment

D. primary
D. subtract
D. compliment
D. escape
D. novel
D. require
D. resources
D. happy
D. maintain
D. comparison
D. instance
D. entertainment
D. wildlife
D. opponent
D. pollute

D. attractive
D. achieve
D. introduce
D. sacrifice
D. suspicious
D. wonderful
D. physics
D. exhaust
D. canal
D. refuse
D. proceed
D. appointment
D. technology
D. disaster
D. control
D. bachelor
D. canal
D. delay
D. explain
D. dedication
D. extreme
D. danger
D. assimilate
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

Question 54: A. affectionate
Question 55: A. certificate

Question 56: A. treasure
Question 57: A. conceal
Question 58: A. forgettable
Question 59: A. centralize
Question 60: A. compass

B. kindergarten
B. compulsory
B. appoint
B. contain
B. philosophy
B. candidate
B. campus

C. respectable
C. remember
C. advance
C. conserve
C. humanism
C. applicant
C. comfort

D. occasional
D. information
D. diverse
D. conquer
D. objectively
D. motivation
D. command

MODULE 3:VERB TENSES
Thì
Dạng
Khẳng
định
Phủ định
Nghi vấn
Dấu hiệu
nhận biết

Thì
Dạng
Khẳng
định
Phủ định
Nghi vấn

Dấu hiệu
nhận biết

Thì

Dạng
Khẳng
định
Phủ định
Nghi vấn

SIMPLE PRESENT
(Hiện tại đơn)

SIMPLE PAST
(Quá khứ đơn)

S + V[-s/es]

S + V-ed/V cột 2

S + don’t / doesn’t + V1
Do / Does + S + V1 …?

S + didn’t + V1
Did + S + V1 …?

- yesterday
- always, usually, occasionally, often, …
- last + time: last week, last Sunday…
- every:every day, every year, every
- time+ ago : two months ago, five years
Sunday
ago…
- once a day , twice…, 3 times…
- in the past, in + year (past): in 1990, …
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(Hiện tại tiếp diễn)

PAST CONTINUOUS
(Quá khứ tiếp diễn)

S + am / is / are + V-ing

S + was / were + V-ing

S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing
Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …?

S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing
Was / Were + S + V-ing …?
- At that moment
- When / As + S + (simple past), S + was/ were
V-ing
Vd: When I came, she was crying.
- While :
Vd: A dog crossed the road while I was
driving.

- now, at present
- at the moment
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh :
Vd: Keep silent! The baby is sleeping.
Look! He is running.
PRESENT PERFECT
(Hiện tại hoàn thành)

PAST PERFECT
(Quá khứ hoàn thành)

S + has / have + V-ed/V cột 3

S + had + V-ed/V cột 3

S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/ V cột 3
Has / Have + S + V-ed/ V cột 3 …?

S + hadn’t + V-ed/ V cột 3
Had + S + V-ed/ V cột 3…?

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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

Dấu hiệu
nhận biết

Thì
Dạng
Khẳng
định
Phủ định
Nghi vấn
Dấu hiệu
nhận biết

Thì

Dạng
Khẳng
định
Dấu hiệu

nhận biết

- just, already, ever, yet, recently,
lately,..
- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years
- so far, up to now , It is the first
time…..

- after + S + had V3/ED , (simple past)
- before + (simple past), S + had V3/ED
- By the time + S + V(simple past) , S + had
V3/ED: cho đến lúc........

SIMPLE FUTURE
(Tương lai đơn)

FUTURE PERFECT
(Tương lai hoàn thành)

S + will + V 1

S + will have+ V-ed/ V cột 3

S + won’t + V 1
Will + S + V 1?

S + won’t have + V-ed/ V cột 3
Will + S + have + V-ed/ V cột 3…?

- tomorrow

- by the end of this month
- next + time : next week, next
- by the time+S+ V (simple present), S + will
Monday,….
have V3/ED
- in the future

NEAR FUTURE
(Tương lai gần)

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
(Tương lai tiếp diễn)

S + am/is/are going to + V 1

S + will be + ving

- Diễn tả 1 kế hoạch, dự định.
- Diễn tả 1 dự đốn có căn cứ

- Diển tả 1 sự việc đang xảy ra ở tương lai.

PRACTISES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. Jane________law at Harvard for four years now.
A. is studying
B. has been studying C. studies
D. studied
2. This time tomorrow________on the beach sunbathing and drinking freshly squeezed fruit juice!

A. I’ll have been lying
B. I will lie
C. I will be lying
D. I will have lain
3. We________for three hours and we are very tired.
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

A. waited
B. have been waiting C. wait
4. She________for hours. That’s why her eyes are red now.
A. cried
B. has been crying
C. was crying
5. When I last saw him, he________in London.
A. is living
B. has been living
C. was living
6. By the time he arrives here tomorrow, they________for London.

D. had waited
D. has cried
D. lived

A. would have left
B. will have left
C. will left
D. are leaving

7. Mr. Pike________English at our school for 20 years before he retired last year.
A. had been teaching
B. has been teaching
C. was teaching
D. is teaching
8. They________for Japan at 10.30 tomorrow.
A. will be leaving
B. have left
C. will have left
D. will leave
9. When I________to the airport, I realized that I________my passport at home.
A. got/had left
B. got/left
C. had got/had left
D. got/was left
10. I________was angry when you saw me because I________with my sister.
A. have been arguing
B. had been arguing C. argued
D. would argue
11. Call me as soon as you________your test results.
A. get
B. will get
C. will have got
D. got
12. I________to Greece until Sally and I went there last summer.
A. have never been
B. had never been
C. was never being
D. were never
13. I________ along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me.

A. was walking
B. am walking
C. walk
D. walked
14. He occasionally________a headache in the morning.
A. has had
B. has
C. have
D. is having
15. The boy fell while he________down the stairs.
A. run
B. running
C. was running
D.runs
16. I will come and see you before I________for America.
A. leave
B. will leave
C. have left
D. left
17. When the first child was born, they _______ for three years.
A. have been married
B. had been married
C. will be married
D. will have been married
18. It________a long time since we were apart. I did not recognize her.
A. is
B. has been
C. was
D. had been
19. Many of the people who attended Mr. David’s funeral________him for many years.

A. didn’t see
B. wouldn’t see
C. haven’t seen
D. hadn’t seen
20. We were both very excited about the visit, as we________each other for________ages.
A. never saw
B. didn’t see
C. hadn’t seen
D. haven’t seen
21. In one year’s time, she________for this company for 15 years.
A. will be working
B. will have been working
C. will work
D. has worked
22. His health has improved a lot since he________doing exercises regularly.
A. starts
B. started
C. has started
D. had started
23. She hurt herself while she________hide-and-seek with her friends.
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

A. is playing
B. had played
C. played
D. was playing
24. .What________at 9 o’clock last night? I phoned you but couldn’t get through to you.

A. did you do
B. were you doing
C. would you do
D. had you done
25. It is raining heavily with rolls of thunder. We________such a terrible thunderstorm.
A. would never see
B. had never seen
C. have never seen
D. never see
26. I _______ my old teacher last week.
A. visited
B. visit
C. am visiting
D. have visited
27. My brother usually ________me for help when he has any difficulties with his homework.
A. ask
B. asks
C. asked
D. has asked
28. I ______ all of my homework last night.
A. finish
B. will finish
C. have finished
D. finished
29. Lan________ learning English a few years ago.
A. starts
B. will start
C. started
D. is starting
30. Only after she________from a severe illness did she realize the importance of good health.

A. would recover
B. has recovered
C. had recovered
D. was recovering
31. Only after the bus________for a few miles did Jane realize she was on the wrong route.
A. was running
B. had run
C. has run
D. runs
32. The children________to bed before their parents came home from work.
A. were all going
B. had all gone
C. had all been going D. have all gone
33. Paul noticed a job advertisement while he________along the street.
A. was walking
B. would walk
C. walked
D. had walked
34. I haven’t met him again since we________school ten years ago.
A. have left
B. leave
C. left
D. had left
35. For the last 20 years, we________significant changes in the world of science and technology.
A. witness
B. have witnessed
C. witnessed
D. are witnessing
36. My best friend Lan________to England 10 years ago.
A. was moving

B. moves
C. moved
D. has moved
37. Mr.Pike________for this company for more than thirty years, and he intends to stay here until
he________.
A. worked/retires
B. works/is retiring
C. has been working/retires
D. is working/will retire
38. While I________at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction.
A. was waiting
B. waited
C. had waited
D. were waiting
39. By the end of last March, I________English for five years.
A. had been studied
B. had been studying
C. will have been studying
D. will have studied
40. ________Alan for hours but he hasn’t answered his mobile. I hope nothing’s wrong.
A. I call
B. I’ve been calling
C. I’m calling
D. called
41. We________in silence when he suddenly________me to help him.
A. walked - was asking
B. were walking - asked
C. were walking - was asking
D. walked - asked
42. By the time the software________on sale next month, the company________$2 million on developing it.

A. went - had spent
B. will go - has spent
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

C. has gone - will spend
D. goes - will have spent
43. When Carol________last night, I________my favorite show on television.
A. called /was watching
B. had called /watched
C. called /have watched
D. was calling /watched
44. Linda took great photos of butterflies while she________in the forest.
A. was hiking
B. is hiking
C. hiked
D. had hiked
45. When I________for my sister in front of the supermarket, a strange man came to talk with me.
A. was waiting
B. waited
C. had waited
D. were waiting

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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

MODULE 4: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES
Một câu có thể bao gồm một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một hoặc nhiều mệnh đề phụ
(subordinate clause). Khi trong câu có hai mệnh đề trở lên, các động từ phải có s ự phối hợp về thì.
 Một số cách hịa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:

Main clause
Adverbial clause of time
(Mệnh đề chính)
(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Hiện tại
Hiện tại
Quá khứ
Quá khứ
Tương lai
Hiện tại
1. Sự phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn)
Eg: When he saw me, he smiled, at me.
diễn tả hành động
xảy ra nối tiếp nhau
Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai đơn)
Eg: When I see him, I will remind him to call you.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ tiếp diễn)
diễn tả một hành
Eg: When I came to see her, she was cooking dinner.
động đang xảy ra thì
WHEN có hành động khác

Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
xen vào
WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai tiếp diễn)
Eg: When you come in, your boss will be waiting for you there.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
diễn tả một hành
Eg: When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off
động xảy ra xong
trước một hành động Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V(tương lai hoàn thành)
khác
Eg: When you return to the town, they will have finished building a new
bridge.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
AS SOON AS + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn)
Eg: As soon as she saw a mouse, she shouted and ran away.
AS
diễn tả hành động
SOON
Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
xảy ra nối tiếp nhau
AS
AS SOON AS + S + V (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hoàn thành), S + V
(tương lai đơn)
Eg: I will call you as soon as I have finished / finish the work.
S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành) + SINCE + V (quá khứ đơn)
SINCE diễn tả nghĩa “từ khi’’
Eg: We have known each other since we were at high school.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:

diễn tả hành động
BY + trạng từ của quá khứ + S + V (q khứ hồn thành)
kết thúc tính đến
Eg: By last month, we had worked for the company for 9 years.
BY +
một điểm nào đó
TIME
trong quá khứ/tương Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
BY + trạng từ của tương lai + S + V (tương lai hoàn thành)
lai
Eg: By next month, we will have worked for the company for 9 years.
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

AT
THIS/
THAT
TIME

diễn tả hành động
đang xảy ra tại một
thời điểm xác định
trong quá khứ/tương
lai

BY THE
TIME

diễn tả nghĩa “vào
lúc”

AFTER

diễn tả hành động
xảy ra xong rồi mới
tới hành động khác

BEFOR
E

UNTIL/
TILL


Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của quá khứ + S + V (quá khứ
tiếp diễn)
Eg: At this time last week, we were preparing for Tet.
Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của tương lai + S + V (tương lai
tiếp diễn)
Eg: At this time next week, we will be having a big party in the garden.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
BY THE TIME + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Eg: By the time she got home, everyone had gone to bed.
Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
BY THE TIME + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành)
Eg: By the time she gets home, everyone will have gone to bed.

Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
AFTER + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + V (quá khứ đơn)
Eg: After she had done her homework, she went out for a walk.

Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
AFTER + S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành), S + V (hiện tại đơn)
Eg: After she has done her homework, she goes out for a walk.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
BEFORE + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
diễn tả hành động
xảy ra xong trước khi Eg: Before she went to bed, she had locked all the doors.
có hành động khác
Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
tới
BEFORE + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành)
Eg: Hurry up or the film will have ended before we go to the movie.
S + V (tương lai đơn)/ V(bare)/DON’T + V(bare) + UNTIL/TILL +
diễn tả nghĩa “cho tới S + V (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hoàn thành)
khi”
Eg: I will wait for you until it is possible.
Wait here until I come back.

CHANGE INTO THE PAST SIMPLE  PRESENT SIMPLE PERFECT

1.S + Last +V2/ed + time +ago/in+ mốc thời gian./when + clause
=> S +have/has + not + V3/ed + for +khoảng thời gian.
+ since + mốc thời gian.
=>It’s + time + since + S +last +V2/ed
=>The last time + S + V2/ed +was+ time + ago
2.This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed

=>S + have/has + never + V3/ed + before
3.S started/began + Ving/to V +………………+khoảng thời gian +ago
+……………...In + mốc thời gian./when + clause
=>S + have/has + V3/ed
+for + khoảng thời gian
+since + mốc thời gian
4.When + did + S + started/begin + to V/Ving………..?
=>How long + have/has + S + V3/ed….?

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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

PRACTISES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. I ________ your brother at Green Street yesterday afternoon.
A. meet
B. met
C. have met
D. had met
2. He ________ a cigarette and ________ to the window.
A. light; walked
B. lit; walks
C. lighted; walked
D. lights; walks
3. After she ________ for help, she ________ off her shoes and ________ in to save him.
A. shouted; took; jumped
B. had shouted; took; jumped

C. had shouted; had taken; jumped
D. shouted; had taken; jumped
4. I can't go with you because I ________ my homework yet.
A. haven't finished
B. had finished
C. finished
D. finish
5. He ________ for London 2 years ago and since then I ________ him.
A. have left; didn't see
B. left; haven't seen
C. eft; hadn't seen
D. had left; have't seen
6. The performance ________ at 7 o'clock and ________ for 3 hours. We all ________ it very much.
A. had started; had lasted; enjoyed
B. had started; lasted; enjoyed
C. started; had lasted; enjoyed
D. started; lasted; enjoyed
7. Tell them to stop and take a rest. They ________ long enough.
A. have worked
B. had worked
C. have been working D. had been working
8. "You ________ here before?” □ "Yes, I ________ my holidays here last year.”
A. have you been; spended
B. have you been; spent
C. had you been; spent
D. were you; spent
9. We ________ our housework by tomorrow evening.
A. will finish
B. will have finished
C. will be finishing

D. are going to finish
10. "Your face is dirty, Tom.” - "All right, I ________ it.”
A. am washing
B. am going to wash C. will wash
D. will have washed
11. Coming into the room, he
________ Mary where he ________ her.
A. see; left
B. saw; had left
C. had seen; left
D. saw; was leaving
12. I ________ from him since he ________ two years ago.
A. hadn't heard; disappeared
B. haven't heard; disappeared
C. didn't hear; has disappeared
D. will not hear; disappears
13. After the guests ________ she ________ back into the living-room and ________ off the light.
A. left; went; turned
B. had left; had gone; turned
C. have leftt; will got; turned
D. had left; went; turned
14. By the time you finish cooking they ________ their homework.
A. will have finished
B. will finish
C. had finished
D. have finished
15. "You have just missed the last train.” □ "Never mind. I ________”
A. will be walking
B. am going to walk C. will walk
D. am walking

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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

MODULE 5: SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENTS
Quy tắc chung:
Chủ ngữ là danh từ số ít hoặc danh từ khơng đếm được đi cùng động từ số ít và chủ ngữ số nhiều đi
cùng động từ số nhiều.
Tuy nhiên, đôi khi chủ ngữ cịn hồ hợp với động từ tuỳ theo ý tưởng diễn đạt hoặc danh t ừ/đại từ
đứng trước theo các quy tắc nhất định. Sau đây là một số quy tắc cơ bản về sự hoà hợp gi ữa chủ ngữ
và động từ:

V (số ít)

V (số nhiều)

Chủ ngữ là danh từ và cụm danh từ số ít.
Chủ ngữ là các đại lượng chỉ thời gian, khoảng cách, tiền bạc, hay sự đo lường.
Chủ ngữ là các đại từ bất định: someone, anything, nothing, eve-eryone,
another…
Chủ ngữ là mệnh đề danh từ
Ex: All I want to do now is to sleep.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “to infinitive” hoặc “V-ing”.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng cụm từ “Many a”.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu là một phân số có tử số là 1. Ex: 1/2 is larger than 1/3.
Chủ ngữ là một số danh từ đặc biệt có hình thức số nhiều: mơn học (Physics,
Maths), môn thể thao (billards, athletics…), tin tức (news), các loại bệnh
(rabies, measles…) , tên 1 số quốc gia và tổ chức (UN, the United States,
the Philipines…), loài động vật (ants, elephants…)

Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng: Most of/All of/Plenty of/ + N (khơng đếm được/số ít).
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “The number of + N (số nhiều)”.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “None of + N (số nhiều)/ No + N (số ít)”.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng N1 (số ít) of N2.
Chủ ngữ là cụm danh từ chỉ nhóm động vật (số ít) mang nghĩa “bầy, đàn”:
flock of birds/sheep, school of fish, pride of lion, pack of dogs, herd of cattle…
A large amount/A great deal + N (khơng đếm được/ số ít).
Neither (of)/Either of + N (số nhiều)
Ex:
- Neither restaurants is expensive.
- Either of them works in this company.
Chủ ngữ là một tựa đề.
Ex: “Chi pheo” is a famous work of Nam Cao.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “A pair of + N (số nhiều)”.
Ex: A pair of pants is in the drawer.
Chủ ngữ là danh từ và cụm danh từ số nhiều.
Ex: Oranges are rich in vitamin C
Một số danh từ kết thúc bằng “s” nhưng dùng số nhiều: people, police,
cattle, children, geese, mice…
Ex: People are searching for something to eat.
Hai chủ ngữ nối nhau bằng “and” và có quan hệ đẳng lập
Ex: Jane and Mary are my best friends.
Tuy nhiên, nếu 2 danh từ cùng chỉ một người, một bộ phận hoặc 1 món ăn…
thì động từ chia ở số ít. (Lưu ý: khơng có “the” ở trước danh từ sau “and”.)
Ex: Bread and butter is their daily food.
Cấu trúc “both N1 and N2”
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

Ex: Both Betty and Joan are cooking for their dinner party.
Chủ ngữ là 1 đại từ: several, both, many, few, all, some + N (số nhiều).
Ex: Several students are absent.
Chủ ngữ là “The + adj”, chỉ một tập hợp người
Ex: The poor living here need help.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu là một phân số có tử số từ 2 trở lên.
Ex: 2/5 are smaller than 1/2.
Các danh từ luôn dùng dạng số nhiều (thường đi theo cặp): trouser, eyeglasses, jeans,
tweezers, shorts, pliers, pants, tongs…
Ex: The pants are in the drawer.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng: Most of/All of/ Plenty of/Some of/Majority of/
The last of/ One of/Half of/Part of/The rest of/Percentage of/A lot of/Lots of/A
third of/Minority of + N (số nhiều).
Ex: Most of people in the factory are male.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “A number of + N (số nhiều).
Ex: A number of students going to class decrease.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “No + N (số nhiều).
Ex: No people understand what he says.
Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “N1 (số nhiều) of N2”.
Ex: The studies of how living things work are called philosophy.
Chủ ngữ là cụm danh từ chỉ nhóm động vật (số nhiều) mang nghĩa “bầy, đàn”:
flocks of birds/sheep; schools of fish; prides of lion; packs of dogs; herds of cattle…
Ex: Flocks of birds are flying to its destination.

V chia theo chủ
ngữ đầu tiên

V chia theo các
danh từ thứ 2

Chủ ngữ được nối với nhau bởi các liên từ: “as long as, as well as, with,
together with, along with, in addition to, accompanied by”.
Ex:
- She, along with her classmates, is going to university this year.
- Mrs. Smith together with her sons is going abroad.
Either …or…
Neither … nor…
Not only … but also…
… or…
… nor…
Not… but…

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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

PRACTISES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. One of ________________________ a goldfish bowl on her kitchen table.
a. my friend keep
c. my friend keeps
b. my friends keep
d. my friends keeps
2. Every ____________________ love.
a. man, woman and child needs
c. man, woman and child need
b. men, women and children needs

d. men, women and children need
3. One of the girls who ____________________ in this office ____________________ my niece
a. works / is
b. works / are
c. work / is
d. work / are
4. Neither Lan nor her parents ____________________ the film.
a. like
b. likes
c. is like
d. are like
5. Each ____________________ the same as the day before.
a. days was
b. day was
c. days were
d. day were
6. More men than ____________________ left handed.
a. woman are
b. woman is
c. women are
d. women is
7. Every one of the students ____________________ on time for class
a. is
b. are
c. were
d. have been
8. There ____________________ some money on the table.
a. are
b. were
c. have been

d. is
9. This information about taxes ____________________ helpful
a. were
b. have been
c. is
d. are
10. The vegetables in the bowl on the table ____________________ fresh.
a. looks
b. smells
c. are
d. is
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
1. A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered
A
B
C
basic part of the education of every child.
D
2. Lan together with her boyfriends are working in groups to find out
A
B
C
D
the solution to that problem.
3. Each of the members of the group were made to write a report every week.
A
B
C
D

4. 1.6 billion gallons were sold every year, in over one hundred and sixty countries.
A
B
C
D
5. Buying clothes is often a time-consuming practice because those clothes that a
A
B

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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

person likes is seldom the ones that fit him or her.
C
D
6. Most bacteria has strong cell walls much like those of the plants.
A
B
C
D
7. Measles have not yet been eradicated because of the controversy concerning
A
B
C
D
immunization.
8. Whether life in the countryside is better than that in the city depend on each
A

B
C
individual’s point of view.
D
9. Never before has so many people in the United States been interested in soccer.
A
B
C
D
10. She is among the few who wants to quit smoking instead of cutting down.
A
B
C
D
11. Each of the nurses report to the operating room when his or her name is called.
A
B
C
D
12. As a result of the Women’s Movement, women now holds positions
A
B
that were once restricted to men.
C
D
13. One of the students who are being considered for the scholarship
A
B
C
are from this university.

D
14. Mrs. Steven, along with her cousins from New Mexico, are planning to attend the
A
B
C
D
festivities
15. The mining of minerals often bring about the destruction of landscapes and wildlife
A
B
C
D
habitats.
16. The governor, with his wife and children, are at home watching the election
A
B
C
returns on TV.
D
17. Neither Russia nor the United States have been able to discover a mutually
A
B
C
satisfactory plan for gradual disarmament.
D
18. The office furniture that was ordered last month have just arrived, but we’re not sure
A
B
whether the manager likes it.
C

D
19. What happened in that city were a reaction from city workers, including firemen and
A
B
C
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Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key )

policemen who had been laid off from their jobs.
D
20. That these students have improved their grades because of their participation in the
A
B
C
D
test review class.
21. There are a car and two vans in front of my house.
A B
C
D
22. Fifty minutes are the maximum length of time allotted for the exam.
A
B
C
D
23. The world is becoming more industrialized and the number of animal species that
A
B

have become extinct have increased.
C
D
24. The number of homeless people in Nepal have increased sharply due to the recent
A
B
C
severe earthquake.
D
25. Upon reaching the destination, a number of personnel is expected to change their
A
B
C
reservations and proceed to Hawaii.
D
26. The assumption that smoking has bad effects on our health have been proved.
A
B
C
D
27. Neither the Minister nor his colleagues has given an explanation for the chaos in
A
B
C
the financial market last week.
D
28. On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-tipped mountains more than
A
B
C

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