English 8 Tiếng anh 8 chủ đề Pollution và bài tập rèn luyện

English 8
A. VOCABULARY
Word

Type

Pronunciation

Meaning

affect

(v)

/əˈfekt/

ảnh hưởng, tác động

aquatic

(adj)

/əˈkwætɪk/

sống/ mọc ở nước

billboard

(n)

/ˈbɪlbɔːd/

biển quảng cáo ngoài trời

blood pressure

(n)

/blʌd ˈpreʃə(r)/

huyết áp

cause

(n, v)

/kɔːz/

nguyên nhân, gây ra

cholera

(n)

/ˈkɒlərə/

bệnh tả

come up with

(v)

/kʌm ʌp wɪð/

nghĩ ra

contaminate

(v)

/kənˈtỉmɪneɪt/

làm bẩn

contaminant

(n)

/kənˈtỉmɪnənt/

chất gây ơ nhiễm

dump

(v)

/dʌmp/

vứt, bỏ, đỗ thành đống

earplug

(n)

/ˈɪəplʌɡ/

cái bịt lỗ tai

effect

(n)

/ɪˈfekt/

kết quả

fine

(v)

/faɪn/

phạt tiền

float

(v)

/fləʊt/

nổi

groundwater

(n)

/ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə(r)/

nước ngầm

hearing loss

(n)

/ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/

mất thính lực

illustrate

(v)

/ˈɪləstreɪt/

litter

(n, v)

/ˈlɪtə(r)/

minh họa

rác vụn (mẫu giấy, vỏ lon...),vứt
rác

measure

(v)

/ˈmeʒə(r)/

đo

poison

(n, v)

/ˈpɔɪzn/

chất độc, làm nhiễm độc

pollutant

(n)

/pəˈluːtənt/

chất gây ơ nhiễm

radioactive

(adj)

/ˌreɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv/

thuộc về phóng xạ

radiation

(n)

/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/

phóng xạ

untreated

(adj)

/ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/

khơng được xử lý

B. GRAMMAR
* CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện)
1. Các cách dùng cơ bản (Usage)
a. Loại 1: Diễn tả điều có thật ở hiện tại:
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 cịn có thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại có thể có thật. Ta

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English 8
sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được trong hiện
tại và nêu kết quả có thể xảy ra.
If + S + V (present simple), S + will + V(inf)
Note: V + ............ + or + S + will/won’t + V + ............
=> Unless S + V + ............ , S + will/ won’t + V + ............
=> If S don’t/ doesn’t + V, S + will/ won’t + V + ............
Eg: Study hard or you will fail the exam.
=> Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.
=> If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam.
Ghi chú: - Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)
- Sau Unless khơng được dùng dạng phủ định
b. Loại 2: Điều kiện khơng có thật ở hiện tại:
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 diễn tả sự việc, hiện tượng không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai.
If + S + V (past simple), S + would/could/might + V(inf)
*Note: Động từ “to be” chia là were ở tất cả các ngôi
Eg: - If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
- If I had money, I would buy the car.

* CAUSE and EFFECT (Nguyên nhân và hậu quả)

*PRONUNCIATION

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English 8

Revision 1

A. PHONETICS
1. Put the stress of these words.
Example: eco’nomic
1. aquatic
6. logic
2. mechanic
7. identical
3. mechanical
8. public
4. scientific
9. plastic
5.magical
10. political

11. politic
12. electrical
13. romantic
14. lyrical
15. authentic

2. Find the words that have different stress patterns in each line.
1.A. dramatic
B. rhythmic
C. angelic
D. romantic
2.A. affect
B. algae
C. billboard
D. cholera
3.A. political

B. electrical
C. identical
D. politic
4.A. aquatic
B. radiation
C. pollution
D. logical
5.A. industry
B. industrial
C. poison
D. poisonous
6.A. terrific
7.A. arithmetic
8.A. linguistic

B. Arabic
B. geographic
B. classical

C. statistic
C. energetic
C. phonetic

D. cosmetic
D. economic
D. romantic

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English 8
9.A. fantastic
10.A. oceanic

B. historic
B. specific

C. comic
C. ceramic

D. symbolic
D. aquatic

B. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
1. Name each type of pollution with its relevant words/phrases.
1. too much use of electric lights
2. caused by the smoke and harmful gases from vehicles and factories
3. The noise which is harmful to humans and animals. This includes the
sound of vehicles, loud speakers …
4. telephone towers, power lines, advertising billboards
5. radiation, land, air, water
6. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater, contamination
7. The water temperature in stream, rivers, lakes, or oceans change
8. Earth's surface, destroy, pesticides
2. Complete the table with appropriate verbs, nouns and adjectives.
Verb

Noun

Adjective

1.

danger

dangerous

to edit

2.

editing/ edited

to annoy

3.

annoying/annoyed

to instruct

instruction

4.

5.

drama

dramatic

to interest

interest

6.

to choose

7.

choosing

to heat

heat

8.

9.

low

low

3. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Walking alone late at night can be (danger)
.
2. The latest (edit)
of this book contains many illustrative pictures.

3. Her younger sister can be (annoy)
when she behaves haughtily.
4. You must read the (instruct)
carefully before you use the new
oven.
5. We were taken aback at the ____(drama) changes in our village; each home
owns a computer now.
6. It is always (interest)
to watch the cubs at play.
7. My mother advised me to be careful in my (choose)
of friends.
8. The (hot)
makes everybody very drowsy during the lesson in class.
9. The couple came here at the special (invite)
of the prime minister.

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English 8
10. Please (low)

the volume of your voice. I can even hear you from next

door.
4. Choose the correct answer.
1. Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct,
the rainforests are being destroyed.
A. therefore
B. since

C. consequently
D. so
2. Hemp can be used to make paper,
it could reduce the need for logging.
A. consequently
B. due to
C. so
D. since
3.
logging provides jobs and profits, the government is reluctant to control it.
A. so
B. Consequently
C. Since
D. Due to
4. Hemp was grown throughout history
its versatility; it can be used to make many
different things.
A. due to
B. because
C. since
D. as a result
5. Hemp is related to the marijuana plant;
It is illegal in many countries.
A. so
B. due to
C. as a result
D. because
6. The polluted chemical waste was dumped into the ocean;
, the mass of fish died.
A. because

B. as
C. because of
D. consequently
7. It was guessed that the fish died
a powerful toxin in the sea water.
A. because of
B. because
C. since
D. as a result
8. Many species in BC are threatened
logging.
A. so
B. because
C. since
D. due to
9. Smoking can
heart disease.
A. lead to
B. create
C. causes
D. due to
10. Radioactive pollution is increasing
the increased use of radioactivity.
A. as
B. since
C. because of
D. because
5. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect
relationship.
1. One effect of global warming is that sea levels are rising. The polar ice caps are

melting. (because)
____________________________________________________________________.
2. The global population has increased. There are much better levels of nutrition.
(because of)
____________________________________________________________________.
3. Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution.
(lead to)
4. More and more roads are being built. Air pollution is rising. (as a consequence)

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English 8
5.

In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clear-cut. 142 species of salmon have
become extinct. (so)

6. The fish and other aquatic animals have died. The water is polluted. (due to)
6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 1.
1.If people (pollute)_________ the environment, a lot of animals (die)_____.
2.If water (consist)__________ germs, people (get)________ill.
3.If the poles (melt)_________, huge landmasses (be)_________underwater.
4.Many precious animals (disappear)______________, if people (cut down)________
________ trees.
5.If nuclear waste (throw)___________away, it (be)_____________very dangerous.
6.If the emission of CO2 (continue)_____________at high rate, the climate (destroy)
______________. .
7.We (save)__________the trees If we (save)__________paper.
8.If schools (teach)_____________about environmental problems, All students (know)

___________ how to protect the environment.
9.If more people (travel)____________ by bike or bus, we (not have)____________
traffic jam.
10. If the government (fine)__________ heavily to the factories, they (not dump)
_______________sewage into the ocean.
7. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 2.
1.If I (be)________the president, I (pass)________harder regulations for using
fertilizers in agriculture.
2.If I (be)_________you, I (not eat)_________that genetically modified potatoes.
3.If big corporations (care)____________more about the environment and less about
their own pockets, the pollution from factories (not increase) _________________ so
fast.
4.He (sort)____________ his trash, if he (be)______________smart.
5.If the seas (pollute)____________, maybe the population of whales (recover)
___________.
6.If I (not throw)________________this can of Coke into the bushes, I (not
know)_______________that Coke is poison for wild animals.
7.If the factories (not dump)______________untreated waste into the ocean, fish
(die)___________massively.
8.What (do)_____________you if you (be)__________ President.
9.If the air (not be)____________dirty, the breathing problems (reduce)___________.
10. If I (own) ________a lonely island, I (build)________a huge house by the beach.
8. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1.If you (send)
this letter now, she (receive)
tomorrow.
2.Kate (go)
shopping if she (have)
3.She (spend)
a year in the USA if it (be)

it
time in the afternoon.
easier to get a

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English 8
green card.
4.If her boyfriend (phone/ not)
today, she (leave) him.
5.If you (go)
by bike more often, you (be/ not) so flabby.
6.If he (have)
more time, he (earn)
karate.
7.He (not buy)
so much clothes if he (not have)
.
8.If I (play)
the lottery yesterday, I (have) a chance to hit the jackpot.
9.If I (be) )
rich, my life (change)
completely.
10. I (invite) )
all my friends if I (have) )
a house by the beach.
9. Write conditional sentences type I or II for these situations.
1.People eat dirty food. They can have cancer.

2.A factory directly discharges a large volume of waste water into the Thi Vai River. The
river is polluted.
3.Farmers use polluted water to water their plants. People eat these plants, they become
sick with diseases such as diarrhea, bacterial infections, even cancer.
4.Thermal pollution takes place. The water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes and
oceans will increase or decrease suddenly.
5.People live in radioactive pollution areas. They can be skin cancer.

Revision 2
I. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
aquatic
dumped

radioactive
sewage

contaminated
poison pollutant
untreated
dead
effects

1. ________ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or
ocean.

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English 8
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

More and more waste and________ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.
The________ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.
Oil spills can cause the death of________ animals such as fish.
________sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.
Cholera is transmitted through________ water
The health________ of air pollution includes heart disease, lung cancer, and
asthma.
8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air________.
9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are________ annually along the coastline.
10. Up to 100.000 fish were found________ along the river last week.
II. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. The river water is severely polluted, mostly________ the dumping of raw sewage.
a. due to
b. so
c. lead to
d. because
2. Sudden changes in water temperature can ________ mass killings of fish, plants, or
amphibians.
a. thank to
b. dump into
c. come up
d. result in
3. Water pollution________ the death of all forms of life in the water bodies.
a. occurs

b. result of
c. creates
d. leads to
4. ________ plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and ocean.
a. Due to
b. Because
c. Although
d. Even if
5. Many flights were cancelled ________ the smoke from forest fires.
a. because
b. because of
c. so
d. result in
6. ________the garbage dump smells terrible, no one lives around there.
a. Because of
b. As
c. As a result of
d. Even though
7. ________the grain consumption is rising, forests will be cut to provide more room

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English 8
for planting crops.
a. Since
b. although
c. Unless
d. Due to
8. Grace didn’t love nature, ________ she wasn’t happy when her group went

camping in a jungle.
a. but
b. and
c. because
d. so
9. Thousands of fish were killed ________ a discharge of poisonous Chemicals from a
nearby factory.
a. because
b. lead to
c. result in
d. as a result of
10. ________the fog, there were no take-oils from the airport yesterday.
a. Since
b. Because
c. Owing to
d. Thanks to
III. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences
type 1.
1. If the air in a City________ (get) very polluted, it can make people’s eyes burn.
2. If we dump all sorts of Chemicals into rivers, we________ (not be) able to swim in
them in the future.
3. Many wildlife habitats will be destroyed if people________ (keep) polluting the
environment.
4. If we all use public transport more, we________ (help) reduce air pollution.
5. If we________ (not stop) overfishing the oceans, many species________ (become)
extinct.
6. If everyone________ (recycle) paper, metal and glass, we ________ (not produce)
so much rubbish.
7. We________ (have) dirty seafood if we________ (dump) rubbish into the sea.
8. If global warming________ (continue), temperatures________ (rise) even higher.

9. If light pollution________ (keep) growing, you________ (not be) able to see even
the Big Dipper at night.
10. We________ (threaten) our own existence if we________ (not cut down) the waste
rapidly.
VI. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences
type 2.
1. If people________ (not be) so careless, Earth wouldn’t be in danger.
2. The amount of waste ________ (decrease) if people started to buy reusable
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English 8
packages.
3. Many fish wouldn’t die if factories________ (not dump) so many Chemicals into
rivers and oceans.
4. If people stopped using cars completely, there________ (be) much less pollution.
5. If people________ (buy) more recycled paper, there wouldn’t be so much waste.
6. If we________ (not bury) Chemical waste underground, we
________ (not pollute) fresh water supplies.
7. Pollution________ (not be) such an issue if governments and common people
really ________ (care).
8. What
________ (happen) if the whole world________ (be) full of pollution?
9. If people________ (pay) a little more attention to the environment, the
Earth________ (be) greener.
10. If people no longer________ (pollute) the atmosphere, the air________ (soon
become) clean again.
V. Joining two sentences, using the words in brackets.
1. We must conserve water. Otherwise we will face serious water shortages. (IF)
____________________________________________________________________

2. The weather was awful. We didn’t enjoy our camping holiday. (BECAUSE OF)
____________________________________________________________________
3. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. They will remain in the environment for many
years. (SINCE)
____________________________________________________________________
4. Paul doesn’t think about the planet. He wastes so much water. (IF)
____________________________________________________________________
5. Water pollution happens. Many aquatic animals such as fish can die. (LEAD)
____________________________________________________________________
6. The climate is changing. The earth is getting warmer. (BECAUSE)
____________________________________________________________________
7. We should stop cutting down so many trees. We endanger our oxygen supply.
(UNLESS)
____________________________________________________________________
8. People begin to recycle. They generate much less trash. (WHEN)
____________________________________________________________________
9. We are damaging the ozone layer. The ozone layer is necessary for human
existence. (EVEN THOUGH)
____________________________________________________________________
10. Sue is suffering from skin cancer. She was exposed to radiation when she was
young. (SO)

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