Ảnh hưởng và sự tồn lưu đioxin trong môi trường đất vùng mã đà - tỉnh bình phước

1

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP HỒ CHÍ MINH
TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN
KHOA MÔI TRƢỜNG



CHUYÊN NGÀNH:
TÀI NGUYÊN THIÊN NHIÊN VÀ
MÔI TRƢỜNG BIỂN

TÊN ĐỀ TÀI:

ẢNH HƢỞNG VÀ SỰ TỒN LƢU DIOXIN
TRONG MÔI TRƢỜNG ĐẤT
VÙNG MÃ ĐÀ - TỈNH BÌNH PHƢỚC



GVHD: 
TÊN SV:
1.  0717135
2.  0517099
3. 0717110
4.VÕ  0717040
5.  0717096
6. 0717055
7.0717058
8.I CHI 0617007

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MỤC LỤC
2

Phần I: Tổng quan về dioxin

06
08
09
10

10
.10
I
13
16

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Phần II. Nghiên cứu đánh giá sự tồn lƣu dioxin sử dụng trong
chiến tranh trong môi trƣờng đất vùng Mã Đà – Tỉnh Bình
Phƣớc

I. 
 19
1.  19
 19
3. 20
 20

II. Nghiên cong
à

 21
 22
 22
2.2 .22
2.3 .23
.24
 .25


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III. 
, 25
n





















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LỜI GIỚI THIỆU

 

              mang
 
 di c


,chúng gây   


 










6

Phần I: Tổng quan về dioxin

I. Đại cƣơng về dioxin
1. Giới thiệu dioxin
Dioxin 
  và các 
 

-chloro-dibenzo-
PCDF (poly-chloro-dibenzo-        
-chloro- bao









 
12
H
4
O
2
Cl
4


7



0
C

0

C

0
C

0
C

0
p


 





 2  N             
dioxin
Môi trường
Ngưỡng
Phương pháp xác định
Đất
1000
EPA Method 8280B hoặc

EPA Method 8290A
Trầm tích
150

8







2. Độc tính
            

       



 

9

0

LD
50



0,6 µg/kg


22




Chó

9 
Gà
25 - 30 µg/kg




3. Cơ chế tác động
Dioxin receptor còn có tên khác là Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR hay


elix-loop-



Hình 2:  trúc Aryl hydrocarbon receptor


-loop-
.

10

-

cdioxin
               



4. Nguồn gốc phát sinh
          công
 clo ,  và 
 và  trong .

II. Chất độc dioxin trên thế giới và tại Việt Nam
1. Trên thế giới:








 
 

2. Tại Việt Nam
C               
 1961 
 1967  1968

11

1971 
diezen 
Hình 3: 


 
 

76,9 triệu lít  



12

 4.   hóa  quân   dùng trong  tranh  Nam 1962-
1971.

Hóa chất
Số lƣợng (lít)
Phần trăm
Agent Pink - màu tím
495.190
0,6%
Agent Green - màu xanh lá cây
1.892.773
2,5%
Agent Orange - màu da cam
49.268.937
64,0%
Agent White - màu 
20.556.525
26,7%
Agent Blue - màu xanh
4.741.381
6,2%

Tổng số
76.954.806
100%
Nguồn gốc:   trong   kê này  trích và      1
(trang 682) trong bài báo trên  san Nature [2].
Chất xanh ( Blue), 

tr- 


- 
-

Chất hồng (Pink), 
lá 18- -



Chất đỏ tía ( Purple), 



13




Chất da cam (Orange), 







III. Ảnh hƣởng của dioxin
1. Thực vật














Hình 4: 


14



Lon



               
.
              

 


ng .

















15

5-1971.
Số lần xịt
Diện tích (ha) bị
ảnh hƣởng hóa
chất
Diện tích bị
ảnh hƣởng
dioxin
1 
368.556
343.426
2 
369.844
332.249
3 
361.862
275.770
4 
341.037
236.232
5 
272.709
153.192
6 
216.724
119.127
7 
153.391
75.062

8 
138.610
51.371
9 
115.103
32.988
10   lên
293.461
60.316
Tổng cộng
2.631.297
1.679.734
Nguồn gốc:   trong   kê này  trích    2 (trang
685) trong bài báo trên  san Nature








16

Hình 5: Các vùng   hóa 

2
: 
thai.
: 

  

 1982 còn 100 ppt

17

 1994 còn 50 ppt
 2006 còn 25 ppt
 2018 còn 12,5 ppt






2.1. 
TT
Nội dung nghiên
cứu
Có phơi nhiễm
(ngƣời)

Không phơi nhiễm

(ngƣời)
1
  gia 
  binh
nghiên 
28.817
19.076
2





     

sinh
1.604 (5,69%)
356 (1,87%)
3
  con 
77.816
61.043
4
   con  
  sinh
2.296 (2,95%)
452 (0,74%)

18

1970: J.Constable  Meselson  Baughman (Boston -  
 
ppt Dioxin.
 400 ppt Dioxin.

m


2.2. 

ngày 
- 
- 
-  màng não,
-  
- 
- 04 nang não.

19




Phần II.
Nghiên cứu đánh giá sự tồn lƣu dioxin sử
dụng trong chiến tranh trong môi trƣờng đất
vùng Mã Đà tỉnh Bình Phƣớc

I. NGHIÊN CỨU XÁC ĐỊNH DƢ LƢỢNG CHẤT ĐỘC DA CAM/ DIOXIN
TRONG MÔI ĐẤT VÙNG XUNG QUANH HỒ TRỊ AN.
1.KHU VỰC KHẢO SÁT:



               

- 

2.LẤY MẪU:

 
cách


3.PHÂN TÍCH MẪU:


20

 Nga



4.NHẬN XÉT:
-  
-
- 7 ppt.
-TCDD/I-
80- 96%.


Hình 5: 




21






- 30cm)
TT
Ký








I-TEQ
(ppt)


TCCP


2,3,7,8
TCDD
(ppt)





2,3,7,8
TCDD/
I-TEQ
2,3,7,8 -
TCDF
HpCDD
OCDD
1
14


1.91
0.07
1.7
Kt
1.6
8.5
88.8
2
15

0.31
0.01
2.3
0.9
3.3
8.0
0
3
16

1.75
0.06
1.5
0.9
3.3
12.1
86.0
4
17


2.21
0.08
1.2
0.4
2.9
16.7
54.4
5
18

2.32
0.09
2.1
Kt
2.4
12.9
90.6
6


0.09
0.01
4.1
Kt
6.4
22.3
0
7



0.47
0.02
3.5
Kt
8.6
14.8
0
8


8.05
0.30
7.7
Kt
2.8
10.6
95.7
9


0.14
0.01
4.7
Kt
Kt
9.8
0
10



0.01
0.001
2.4
Kt
Kt
10.8
0
11


0.01
0.001
4.2
Kt
Kt
8.8
0
12


8.37
0.31
7.7
Kt
6.1
94.8
92
13



6.34
0.23
6.1
Kt
4.2
23.4
96.3
14


0.03
0.01
3.0
Kt
Kt
8.3
0
15


1.02
0.04
3.9
Kt
3.3
66.1
0
TB ( n= 15)
2.22
0.08

1.87
0.15
3.0
21.9
84.2




22




II. Nghiên c

1. Sơ lƣợc về khu mã đà
              
núi






              


2. Phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu
2.1 Vị trí lấy mẫu :




              
-

             


2.2.Phƣơng pháp phân tích mẫu :

23


               - und
Prufstelle Technischer Umweltschutz GmbH) Berlin, Germany.Quá trình phân



13
C
12


           
chromatography  mass spectrometry (GC-   
(Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-
 Toxic
equivalents [ T-CCMC.

2.3Kết quả phân tích mẫu đất
-
dibenzo-para-dioxins và Polyclorinated dibe
-
sau:
  K            
-10cm)

Mẫu
Dƣ lƣợng dioxin (ppt)
2,3,7,8 TCDD
TEQ
%2,3,7,8 TCDD/TEQ
B01a
<0,2
0,179
-
B02
5,72
6,071
94,2
B03a
0,95
0,974
97,5
B05
19,5
19,760
98,7
B07a

11,6
12,150
95,5
B08a
3,34
3,592
93,0

24

B09
1,5
1,542
97,3
B10a
40,6
46,250
87,8
B11
1,44
1,959
73,5
B12
3,08
4,082
75,5
B13
0,63
0,679
92,8

D.L
0,2
-
-


3. Nội dung nghiên cứu :




,xói mòn 



4.Kết quả phân tích mẫu đất Mã Đà cho thấy:
Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDD) và Polychlorinated-




  


             


25

NATO-CCMS / North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Committee on Challenges of

Modern Society thì TCDD 
-0,5).





.
Nhận định



              
ioxin cao
-
           -

               


             
trong 


III. SO SA
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NG DIOXIN TRONG MÔI TRƢƠ
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CÁC KHU VỰC MÃ ĐÀ A LƢỚI VÀ XUNG QUANH HỒ TRỊ AN.
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1994 1998, 
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