phương pháp bảo quản và chế biến cá



 

!"#$%&'()%!*+,
PHƯƠNG PHÁP BẢO QUẢN VÀ
CHẾ BIẾN CÁ
,!  /+!0!.1%
,!2.!30+!45

6!7%489%:(;8<<
MỤC LỤC
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU 2
Phần 2: CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP CHẾ BIẾN VÀ BẢO QUẢN CÁ 9
=>?
7@A(BC@DE.C!F+6!G(+HI5.CJKJLCM"5%CJ*%4CJD%4NO5:%!A%4%4A#7+H
4.7CJ3P.%!PQR%4+5DS4.A"6JDCT.%IA+7+I.C5(.%SIAS+!LCU!D7%4%!Q6!VC6!D
IA.VC7+!/50C+!LCNWD!X%C!3C%$%PYC.$"!H54A#%5#S+7+%!AU!D5!*+&Z+!D
C!L#CJD%4+7S%!LC@A+7N.[%+H;+!LCP.%!PQR%4JLCM"\&V.I].^/+U!_T+D%%4Q2.S&H
@A+7+5+.PNWDD(T45`abIAc!LCaD+D^5!Td5T%D.++.Pc+H%!.'"
CJD%45+.PNWD+!Q5NZD!K5+e5+7H4.OI5.CJKM"5%CJ*%4CJD%4M"7CJf%!^.%!CJQg%4
+e5ChNAD%ZDIA!1C!i%U.%!S+Hj%!!Qg%4C].%:%4@F+Cf(CK.S6!7%&D7%SCk%4!l6
+e5%ZDh"+XC![C!.h"SNB%ZD^mCJfCJ1SCJ0%!]4.j(^nCSUW(C!)%4(.%!!LC
bab.+D^56T%C5T%D.++.Pc+o%4+H%!.'"CJD%45+.PNWD+!Q5NZD!K5+e5+7S+H
%!.'"g4.V%4+7@Q%4d5%!b4.n66!K%4+!V%4N1%!dXIO5&B%4(E+!IA%!p.(7"
+XC.(7+!/5&i#&e+7++!LCP.%!PQR%4%!Q6JDC.PS@.6.PS4@"+.PSI.C5(.%SU!D7%4S
T%q#(TS!DJ(D%T7++!LC%A#+HCr@1CQX%4M"5%I].%!5"&j(NjD+!D^F@]%IA6!7C
CJ.[%+e5+XC![
h"NjDM"j%IA+!hN.h%+7U!)%4CVCS+7+HC![^mCJgC!A%!%4"#$%%!s%4s#
N1%!+!D%4Q2.!.+D%%4Q2.:%6!j.+7QX%C!V.SC!f+H;#h"CV4s#N1%!@AI.U!"G%S
%!Q, C56!#@D+D++"^5"JT"^Sb^+!TJ.5+D@.S@D^CJ.P."(6TJtJ.4T%^S 5(D%T@@5SIA&V.

+!LCPDI.U!"G%N.h%&k.6JDC.PTCEDJ5$%+E%!;+!LC&B++!0%!6!kC!)%4@A
6"CJT^+.%TIA+5P5ITJ.%T(+e5+7QX%C!V.S+K%+H%!.'"@DE.5(.%&B+U!7+%!5"IA( 
I3U!7+%!5"A%h"+!hN.h%+7%H+U!)%4UuSPY4s#%4B&B+IA+!hCf+7%H++H&B+
CVCTCJDPDCDd.%U!)%4N3!e#%!.1Cg%!.1C&B+5D
4DA.J5SIf@l.%!v%U.%!ChIA("V%4.O+7CJD%4C!2.4.5%PA.BC^V%4QPs%&Z
^wPx%4"JT&[Q]6+7!.+!n%4C5:%6!j.+7+@DE.!j.^j%+H+!/5PQ@Ql%4"JT+5DS
C!f%4Q2.:%+HC![N3%4B&B++L6C0%!K%%h"C!Q2%4d"#$%:%6!j.C!/+:%+HQ]6
"JTS%!Q%4!A(@Ql%4C!L6^mC0+!CxPi%Pi%S4s#%4B&B+(Z%C0%!IA+7+N.h%+!/%4
U!7+
 A&[+HC![&j(NjD&Ql+%4"p%C!F+6!G(4.A"P.%!PQR%4%A#+H(yC(*.@n+
(*.%X.S&76/%4%!"+i"+e5%4Q2.C.$"P-%4SC!f+7+%!A^j%d"LC+o%4%!Q+7+%4QPs%
6!j.+H%!O%44.j.6!76S&[+HC![+LC4.O+7CJD%4C!2.4.5%PA.(AIz%&j(NjD&Ql+
+!LC@Ql%4IA5%CDA%C!F+6!G(
!0%!IfIv#(A%!H(+!n%4T(&ZCf(!.["I'&'CA.{Phương php bo qun
v# ch% bi%n c|S&[+HC![+H+7.%!f%Ck%4M"7CI'+!LC@Ql%4+e5+7@Q"!A%!CJD%4C!3
CJQ2%4%4A#%5#
Phần 1: TỔNG QUAN VỀ CÁ
1. Giới thiệu chung
y+&.[(+e5%4"#$%@.1"C!e#^j%@AC!TD(-5IxIAd5%B.&35%$%I.1+
NjDM"j%C!e#^j%^5"U!.U!5.C!7+!Dy+C!"!*5+!@AJLCM"5%CJ*%4-#C!TD
&.'"U.1%+xC![(ANjDM"j%^j%6!G(C!e#^j%^5"C!"!DE+!CVC%!LCjD
M"j%IA+!hN.h%g%!.1C&BC!L6@A(BCCJD%4%!O%46!QX%46!76&Ql+^w
Px%46!kN.h%!.1%%5#
!A%!6!i%+XNj%+e5%4"#$%@.1"C!e#^j%4p(+H,JDCT.%S=.6.PS
@"+.PS.C5(.%SQ]+S!D7%4S!LC%4L(J5S }+CVS&p%4C!2.+K%+!/5
&F%4!1C!V%4+7+b%q#(TS.^.%!IvCIA+7++!LC!DEC&B%4^.%!!*+U!7+
7+%4"#$%@.1"C!e#^j%C!Q2%4+H+L"CJn+&5NADS&y+N.1C@E.+!/5&F%4
+7+@]6ChNAD^V%4S()^V%4UhC+L"@_%4@~DS%Q]++!.h(Cr@1+5DS@E.+!/5
+7++!LCdn+C7+^.%!!*+IA!1ChNADI.^.%!IvC!.1%!O"CF%!.$%D&H
%4"#$%@.1"C!e#^j%JLCPYN3N.h%&k.!0%!IfIv#(AI.1+NjDM"j%IA+!h

N.h%%4"#$%@.1"C!e#^j%@AJLC+i%C!.hC&[!E%+!hIANjD&j(+!D%4"#$%
@.1"U!)%4N3N.h%&k.
2. Th#nh phần dinh dưỡng của c
2.1. Q]+
!A%!6!i%+!0%!+e5+7@A%Q]+S+!.h(U!Dj%4•8€CJ*%4@Ql%4+7
CQX.
2.2. JDCT.%
JDCT.%+7@A(BCCJD%4%!O%4%4"p%6JDCT.%+!LC@Ql%4+5DSJLC+H4.7
CJ3S+!/5CLC+j+7+5+.P5(.%+i%C!.hC!i%@]%+7+@DE.+7+!/5<••;8€
6JDCT.%JDCT.%+7JLC+i%C!.hC+!D^F6!7CCJ.[IA6!x+!p.+7+()+e5+X
C![S&p%4C!2.%H+o%4JLC@\CQg%4+!D%!O%45.("V%4.j(+s%
2.3. R
Ql+P-%4&[+L"CED+XC![IA%:%4@Ql%4!A%!6!i%+e5(R+76!x
C!"B+IAD@DE.+7IA(-5!i%@]%+7+@DE.+7&'"+H@Ql%4(RC!L6S0C!X%
<€SIfIv#+o%4+!/50C+5@DRC!Q2%4U!)%46!s%NV&'"U!}6+XC![
(ACv6CJ"%4gNx%4+7
2.4. .C5(.%
7JLC4.A"+7+@DE.I.C5(.%(A+D%%4Q2.+i%6!7CCJ.[%SP"#CJf+7+Ch
NADC!i%U.%!IAC!5(4.5IADM"7CJf%!^.%!%:%4@Ql%4+e5+XC![
.C5(.%,&Ql+Cf(C!L#%!.'"CJD%445%IA@D%4+7.C5(.%4.n6
(}C&.'"C.hC%4Q2.C5^wPx%4Pi"45%+7&[4.n6^7%4(}C.C5(.%0CN3
(LC&.U!.+!hN.h%(H%:%If%HC5%CJD%4(R%$%^mU!)%4N3!K5C5%IAD
%Q]+P-%4&[%L"+7
7+@DE.I.C5(.%C5%CJD%4CJD%4%Q]+&Ql+6!s%NVJB%4&'"!X%!3C
+7+!/5!X%%w5@Ql%4I.C5(.%+HCJD%4+7J/%4+7+o%4+!/5JLC%!.'"
I.C5(.%
2.5. !D7%4+!LC
7+^j%6!G(+7+HdQX%4('(IA+7+^j%6!G(+7&H%4!B6JLC4.A"
+5%d.IAt@"DJ.%%4:%+!y%^s"J:%44"p%+"%4+L6%!.'"VCP"#%!LC
CJD%4NO5:%+e5+D%%4Q2.@AC‚+7+&B%4IvCN.[%ƒ%+7!„%4%4A#^m

&Ql++"%4+L6VCPp.PAD
3. Gi trị dinh dưỡng của c
=Ql%46JDCT.%CJD%4+7CQX%4&V.k%&3%!<••;8€C-#@DA.+7@"d.CCJD%4
+7+o%4C!L6%!QgC!3C
JDCT.%+7+!e#h"@A5@N"(.%S4@DN"@.%IA%"+@TD6JDCT.%k+!/+@.$%UhC
C!L6IA6!s%6!V.&'"S4i%%!QU!)%4+HT@5^C.%D&H6JDCT.%+7PY&p%4!H5
!L6C!"!X%C!3C
'+!LCNWD+7CVC!X%!…%C!3C7+5d.CNWD+!Q5%D+H!DECC0%!+5D
+!.h(†8€CJD%4Ck%4^V@.6.CSN5D4p(D@T.+S@.%D@T.+S@.%D@T%.+S5J5+!.PD%.+S
U@"65%DPD%.
R+7%Q]+%4*C+H%!.'"D@T.+S(R+7%Q]+(y%+H%!.'"5J5+!.PD%.+IA
U@"65%DPD%.+!Ql+&.[(+e5(R+7@A+H( U!H+!3"%!LC@A+7%Q]+(y%
‡p%4C!2.If(R+7+H%!.'"5d.CNWD+!Q5%D+H%!.'"(E+!UW6%$%(R+7
U!)%4N'%!SPYN3Dd#!H5IAPYN.h%&k.+7+C0%!+!LC+j(M"5%
.C5(.%S+H!.'"CJD%445%+7S&y+N.1C@APi"+7C!".C5(.%%!H(
4i%4.V%4C!3C4.V%4C!3CSJ.$%4<C!L6!X%C!3CfIv#%h":%+7UWDPA.&X%
C!"i%+HC![d"LC!.1%TJ.TJ.
'+!LCU!D7%4,k%4@Ql%4U!D7%4CJD%4+7U!Dj%4<•<Sˆ€H.+!"%4+7
N.[%+H%!.'"+!LCU!D7%4!X%+7%Q]+%4*Cr@1+5@+."(‰6!D^6!DJTg+7CVC
!X%^DI].C!3C"#%!.$%@Ql%45%d.CJD%4+7Iz%+K%C!L6
7+#h"CVI.@Ql%4CJD%4+7S%!LC@A+7N.[%JLC+5DIA&i#&ey+N.1C@A
@Ql%4.VCU!7+5D%!Qg+7C!"<Sˆ•ŠS;(4‰U4+7‹@"DJ+o%4CQX%4&V.+5D
!LC+!.h+d"LCg+7C!L6!X%C!3CSIfIv#C7+Px%4U0+!C!0+!C.hCP3+!I3
+e5+7UW(!X%C!3C
4. Lợi ích của c
.1+:%%!.'"+7!Dy+Pi"+74.n6%4:%%4‚5@DE%%!36C.(IA&BCCw!.
:%+7S!A(@Ql%4CJD%4(A%4+XC.(C:%4S4.n6CJ7%!Cf%!CJE%4J"%4Cs(
C!LCPDC!.h"(7"+x+NBS&p%4C!2.&G#(E%!I.1++"%4+L6(7"+!D+XC.(S
@A(k%&3%!+7+ChNAD+XC.(
5"&s#@A(BC^V@l.0+!U!7++e5I.1+:%+7,

!V%4!"#hCU!V.,7+5d.CNWD(T45•`CJD%4+7&G#(E%!I.1+^j%d"LC
+!LC+!V%4UhCCxC.["+i"a6JD^C5+#+@.%`cS&p%4C!2.@A(4.j(^FCk%4!l6
+!LCC!n+&G#UhCP0%!C.["+i"a@T%UDCJ.T%Œc!2&HS%4"#+X!f%!C!A%!
+x+(7"&)%44.j(!…%
E(R(7",7+%4!.$%+/"CJ$%%4Q2.&Z+!/%4(.%!SIAb
CJD%4+7@A(4.j(&7%4U[!A(@Ql%4CJ.4@#+TJ.PCJD%4(7"S%!2&H4.j(%4"#
+X%!p.(7"+XC.(BC%4!.$%+/"CJ$%6!x%O(Z%U.%!+!DC!L#SI.1+P-%4
Nk^"%4(T45•`4.n64.j(;Š€!A(@Ql%4CJ.4@#+TJ.PCJD%4(7"
j.C!.1%+!/+%:%4%B.(): !.'"C!w%4!.1(+!DC!L#SI.1+:%+7+HC![
+j.C!.1%+!/+%:%4%B.()N„%4+7+!@A(C:%4^F4.Z%(E+!PD)d.C%.CJ.+4s#
%$%
.j(IA&jD%4Ql+M"7CJf%!CEDdXIO5:7+(T45•`+HC7+Px%4/++!h
C:%4^.%!ChNAD+XCJX%S%!2&H@A(4.j(6!7CCJ.[%dXIO5&B%4(E+!JD%4
(BC%4!.$%+/"4i%&s#S+7+%!AU!D5!*+&Z+!D;;`N1%!%!s%dXIO5&B%4
(E+!"V%4Pi"+7C!Q2%4d"#$%hCM"j@A%!O%4(j%4IO5dXPi%C!D7.!D7
5. Phân loại c
4Q2.C5C!Q2%46!s%@ED+7C!TD+76!QX%46!76^5",
5.1. Phân loại c theo môi trương sống
 7%Q]+%4*C
 7%Q]+(y%
 7%Q]+@l
5.2. Phân loại theo đặc tính của thịt c
9;< 7CJ}%4
5^VC!3C&'"CJ}%4+HJLC0C(RCJD%4C!3CS(R+!r+HgCJD%445%
!3C+7CJ/%4PYC.$"SC!0+!!l6I].CJ~T(IA%!O%4%4Q2.I‚5(].Nf%!
6!x+^5"+X%N1%!
0Px,+7+!.(S+7(nS+7&p%4•
9<< 7Pi"
!3C+H(A"C!z(!X%SCJD%4C!3C+H%!.'"(R!X%+7CJ}%4SPD&V
!QX%4I3+o%4!L6Pz%!X%S@DE.+7%A#+H%!.'"I.C5(.%IAC!3C+7

Pi"U!)%4PYC.$"%!QC!3C+7CJ}%4If%6^+H%!.'"(RSU!)%4C!0+!!l6
I].%4Q2.I‚5N1%!dD%4
0Px,+7C!"S+765^5
6. Bi%n đổi của c trong qu trình bo qun
6.1. Cc bi%n đôit t#nh phần hóa học của c.
Š<< .h%&k.+j(M"5%
=A%!O%4N.h%&k.%!s%N.hC&Ql+N„%4+7+4.7+M"5%Cn+@A%4DE.
PE%4S( SI3S+L"CJn+!o%4N.h%&k.&i"C.$%@.$%M"5%&h%%4DE.
PE%4S+L"CJn+IA!.1%CQl%4+/%4d7+
Š<; .h%Pk.+X+L"C!3C
!O%4N.h%&k.+e5+XC!3CN5D4p(^F(LCC0%!&A%!p.IACJg%$%
('(y+&.[(%A#+!DC5%!v%N.hC&Ql++!LC@Ql%4+e5+7U!.U.[(
CJ5N„%4dn+4.7+JD%44.5.&DE%&i"C.$%+e5M"7CJf%!NjDM"j%S+X
C!3C+7CJg%$%+/%4PD^F4.j(6CJD%4+XC!3CNg.+D%&Q2%4^.%!5+.P
@5+C.+#h(U!0.h6&H@AM"7CJf%!('(J5+e5+XC!3CPD^F6!s%4.j.
+7+@.$%UhC#h"4.A"+7+()@.$%UhCIACX+X
Š<` .h%&k.6JDCT.%
JD%4M"7CJf%!NjDM"j%&)%4%Q]+CFPDIA%Q]+@.$%UhC&H%4
N:%4IAC7+!J2.+7+CJ"%4Cs(Q5%Q]++e56JDCT.%S6JDCT.%gPE%4
U!)%4!K5C5%IA&5Cx6!s%Cw>•;8
D
+!LC&E(N3&)%4@E.S^5"Š
C!7%4NjDM"j%+H6!s%4.j.%!Ž>%!.1C&B•<
D
&h%•9
D
S6JDCT.%
N3N.h%C0%!!2.4.5%@E%!&)%4+A%4UWDPA.C!f6JDCT.%+A%4N3N.h%
C0%!
Š<Œ .h%&k.@.6.P

7+!/5+7+@.6.P+e55+.PNWDU!)%4%D+5DPYN3CJg( PD^FDd.
!H57+6!j%/%4Dd.!H56!xC!"B+IAD@Ql%4Dd.JD%4M"7CJf%!NjD
M"j%@E%!&)%4+7+5d.CNWDCFPD&Ql+^.%!J5C‚6!DC6!D@.6.PIA
CJ.4@#dTJ.CS+Hj%!!Qg%4dL"&h%+!LC@Ql%4+e5+7d.CNWDCFPD4s#
J5( I3dL"Sj%!!Qg%4&h%+L"CJn+IAU!j%:%44.O%Q]++e56JDCT.%
+XC!3C
Š<9 Q]+
>+7!A(@Ql%4%Q]++!.h(•8€CJ*%4@Ql%4+7CQX. 5"U!.+!hCS
+7++!LC%4L(J5C‚+7+()+e5ChNADSU•(C!TD^FN5#!X.+e5%Q]+
@A(+!D+7N3U!)N'(yCSC!5#&k.CJE%4C!7.S4.j(CJ*%4@Ql%4S@A(dL"
(A"^}+IA( I3+e5+7
6.2. Cc nguyên nhân gây hư hỏng c
4"#$%%!s%4s#!Q!_%4+7@APD^FC!5#&k.+!LC@Ql%4PD!DEC&B%4CJ5D
&k.+!LCQ!_%4g&s#N5D4p(+j!Q!_%4I'+!LC@Ql%4P.%!PQR%4@z%+7+
+!LC@Ql%4U!7+S@A(4.j(4.7CJ3IAU.%!ChIA4s#!E.&h%^/+U!_T%4Q2.C.$"
P-%4
Š;< b%q#(T
b%q#(T@AC$%4*.+e5+7++!LCdn+C7+^.%!!*++!n%4dn+C7++!D
+7+6!j%/%4^.%!!H5dj#J5CJD%4!DEC&B%4CJ5D&k.+!LC+e5C!F+
6!G(S@A(+!DC!F+6!G(4.j(+!LC@Ql%4%!5%!+!H%4S4s#^FC!5#
&k.I'( S(A"^}+IAUhC+L"+e5C!F+6!G(+!n%4N5D4p(JLC%!.'"
@DE.%!Q%4M"5%CJ*%4%!LC@A+7+T%q#(Tdn+C7++!DM"7CJf%!!)!L6S
CJg( +e5+!LCNWDSC!e#6!s%6JDC.%S6!7!e#I.C5(.%
Š;; .^.%!IvC
7+@DE.I.^.%!IvC+HC![ds(%!.Y(IAD+7%45#U!.+7I‚5&Ql+
&7%!N}CU!.4y6&.'"U.1%%4DE.+j%!C!"v%@l.S+!n%4^m%!s%%!5%!
I'^V@Ql%4IA^wPx%4!hC+!LCP.%!PQR%4CJD%4+7S&)%4C!2.4s#
%!O%4N.h%&k.!H5!*+SCEDJ5%!O%4(A"^}+dL"S( I3U!H+!3"IA
+HC![C0+!@o#&B+CV%4"#!E.&h%^/+U!_T+D%%4Q2.
Š;` !e#6!i%+e5C!F+6!G(

7+I.^.%!IvCIAT%q#(T+HC![4s#!Q!_%4+!D^j%6!G(+7SU!.
+7+H(BC!A(@Ql%4%Q]++5D!.+7N3%!.Y(G(CJg@E.S+7+I.^.%!
IvCIAT%q#(T!DEC&B%4CJg@E.IA%!5%!+!H%44s#!Q!_%4+7fIv#
CJQ]+U!.@A(U!)!5#@A(&)%4@E%!C!x+6!G(+i%C.$"P.1C6!i%@]%
I.^.%!IvCCJ$%^j%6!G(+7N„%4%!.1C
Š;Œ !.1C&BU!)%4U!0
DEC&B%4+e5+7+I.^.%!IvCIAT%q#(TC!Q2%4&Ql+&G#(E%!Ng.
^FC:%4%!.1C&BU!)%4U!0%X.NjDM"j%+74DA.J5S%!.1C&BU!)%4
U!0+5D@A(+!D^FC!D7C!X.%Q]+g+7%!5%!>%!.1C&B+5DS!i"!hC
+7+I.^.%!IvCN3C.$"P.1CST%q#(TN3NLC!DECPD&HS4.5%!.1C&Ql++D.
@A6!QX%46!76NjDM"j%C!F+6!G(&X%4.j%%!LC
Š;9 7+%4"#$%%!s%U!7+
4DA.+7+%4"#$%%!s%U[CJ$%S+7+#h"CVU!7+%!Q7%!^7%4SU!)%4
U!0S^F%!.Y(NG%IA+7+Ck%C!QX%4+X4.].+o%4@A%4"#$%%!s%4s#
!Q!_%4C!F+6!G(
%!^7%4(yCCJ2.(5%4C.5+F+C0(4s#!Q!_%4%!5%!+!H%4+7+
+7+C!F+6!G(+H+!LCNWDSI.C5(.%H+K%+HC![@A((LC+7+C!"B+
C0%!+j%CJg6!7!e#IvC@.1"+e5N5DNfi"!hCC!F+6!G(%$%4.Og
%X.C!D7%(7CSCJ7%!C.h6dn+CJF+C.h6I].7%!%}%4(yCCJ2.
!i%;,•‘‘’
“’
1. Cc phương php bo qun c
‚I.1+Cf(!.$"+7+%4"#$%%!s%4s#!Q!_%4C!F+6!G(CJ$%S&[
C!F+6!G(+HC!2.4.5%^wPx%4PA.!X%IA&j(NjD+!LC@Ql%4CVC!X%S
+7+6!QX%46!76NjDM"j%C‚&X%4.j%%!QQ]6("V.S6!X.U!)•&h%
+7+6!QX%46!76!.1%&E.%!Q+!.h"dESC!5%!CJ-%4SC.1CCJ-%4•&Z
&Ql+^wPx%4A+7+6!QX%46!76NjDM"j%&H&'"PF5CJ$%%4"#$%@\
@A,
 0+!C!0+!!DEC&B%4+e5+7+I.^.%!IvCIAT%q#(T&y+N.1C
 =DE.N_N]C+7+I.^.%!IvCIA+7++!LC4s#%!.Y(NG%C!F+

6!G(
 ”++!h!DEC%&B%4+e5+7+T%q#(TIAI.^.%!IvC4s#!Q
!_%4C!F+6!G(
 .$"P.1C+7+I.^.%!IvCIA@A((LC!DECC0%!+e5+7+T%q#(T
1.1. Muối c
F5IAD%!.1C&BQ]6("V.+HC![6!s%J5@A(;6!QX%46!76,
Q]6("V.g%!.1C&BNf%!C!Q2%4I].C
8
•<8•`8
8
IAQ]6("V.g
%!.1C&BC!L6I].C
8
–9
8
F5IAD6!QX%4C!/+^wPx%4("V.+HC![
6!s%J5`6!QX%46!76,Q]6("V.U!)SQ]6("V.Q]CIAQ]6("V.
!—%!l6
1.1.1. !QX%46!76Q]6("V.U!)
 wPx%4("V.U!)&[Q]6%4"#$%@.1"S("V.U!)&Ql+&T(
CJB%&'"I].+7C!TDC˜@1%!LC&3%!SPDC0%!PY!nC%Q]+("V.^m
!nC%Q]+CJD%4%4"#$%@.1"&[!K5C5%SP"%4P3+!("V.CEDJ5
%4A#+A%4%!.'"IA+7Pi%Pi%&Ql+Q]6CJD%4P"%4P3+!%Q]+
("V.CF%!.$%&H!QX%46!76%A#C!Q2%4&Ql+^wPx%4&[Q]6
+7+@DE.+7%!_!Dy+I‚5IA0C(Ra@Ql%4(RPQ].9€c
1.1.2. !QX%46!76Q]6("V.Q]6
wPx%4P"%4P3+!%Q]+("V.&[Q]6S("V.!ECU!)CJQ]+
C.$%&Ql++!DIAD%Q]+!K5C!A%!P"%4P3+!Jp.&T(Q]6+7
p%4&B+e5P"%4P3+!+5DC!L6C-#C!TD#$"+i"&B(y%+e5^j%
6!G(S&[NjDM"j%%4"#$%@.1"CJD%4C!2.4.5%PA.S^wPx%4P"%4

P3+!%Q]+("V.NZD!K5!QX%46!76%A#^wPx%4&[^j%d"LC
+7("V.%!EC!Dy+N7%C!A%!6!G(&[@A(U!)S!"%U!H.S^j%
d"LC&p!B6Ql+6!s%J5`(/+&B,Q]6("V.%!EC^wPx%4
P"%4P3+!("V.†•<<€SQ]6("V.I‚5^wPx%4P"%4P3+!("V.
<Œ•<Š€SQ]6("V.(y%^wPx%4P"%4P3+!("V.NZD!K5
1.1.3. !QX%46!76Q]6("V.!—%!l6
=A^FUhC!l6+j!5.6!QX%46!76CJ$%SP-%4P"%4P3+!("V.
NZD!K5+!DIAD+7&Zd7CC!$(("V.&F%4CJD%4C!-%4Q]6S%!Q
Iv#&j(NjD%p%4&BP"%4P3+!("V.@")%NZD!K5IAM"7CJf%!
Q]6("V.dj#J5%!5%!+!H%4JD%4U!.Q]6S%Q]+CJD%4
%4"#$%@.1"C!D7CJ5N5D%!.$"@A&Ql+("V.!K5C5%NL#%!.$"
!QX%46!76%A#PY&Ql++X4.].!H5SC!0+!!l6+!DI.1+Q]6
+7+@DE.+7NWDIA+HU0+!C!/+CD
1.2. Sấy c
4"#$%C}++e56!QX%46!76%A#@A@A(+!DM"7CJf%!CJ5D&k.
+!LCIA!DEC&B%4+e5+7+I.^.%!IvCN3/++!hU!.%Q]+N3JnCU!_.
C!F+6!G(
1.2.1. !X.CF%!.$%
kNx%4S@A(^E+!S@E%46!.@$!5#N5%!(_%4SW6PŽ6S
%!n%4%Q]+("V.a%h"+HcJp.&T(6!X.CJ$%CL(6!$%CJT!5#
@Q].S!D:+@L#Ps#!5#+s#d_ds"&T(CJTD!5#47+@$%4.A%S6!j.
%!]@vCCJg!A%4%4A#
1.2.2. L#@E%!
!QX%46!76%A#&Ql+C!F+!.1%N„%4+7+!4.j(&BG(
CQX%4&V.CJD%4U!)%4U!0&[CEDJ5^F+!$%!@1+!76^"LC4.O5
!X.%Q]+CJD%4U!)%4U!0IA!X.%Q]+CJD%4+7„%4+7+!%A#
&BG(^mC7+!J5U!_.+7SIA&.IADU!)%4U!0!.@A(@E%!
U!)%4U!0CJD%4C!.hCN3CJ5D&k.%!.1Cd"V%4C!L6!X%%!.1C&B
&*%4^QX%4SU!)%4U!0NZD!DAG(^m%4Q%4&*%4IAC7+!J5
U!_.U!)%4U!0!)%4U!0^5"&H&.M"5PA%%H%4^m^L#U!)+7

5"U!.^L#S+74.O&Ql+%4"#$%(A"^}+S( I3SC!A%!6!i%
P.%!PQR%4SC!LCC!D7CU!)%4&7%4U[
1.2.3. L#U!)
7&Ql+&y+CJ$%+7+4.7CJD%4N"p%^L#U!)%4U!0&Ql+C!k.
IA&p%4C!2.I].4.j(76^"LCU!)%4U!0&[@A(%Q]+NV+!X.
%!5%!+!H%4H(BC+7+!^L#U!)%4U!0%H%4&y+N.1CCJD%4&HS
U!)%4U!0%H%4C!k.C‚PQ].@$%IAC!F+6!G(&Ql+d7DCJB%PD
&H&Ql+@A(U!)&p%4&'"IA%!5%!+!H%4
5"U!.@A(U!)SC!F+6!G(4.j(U0+!C!Q]+S(LC+L"CJn+
%4"#$%C!e#+e5%HIA&Ql+@A(+!.%(BC6!i%!5#CDA%NB
1.3. Xông khói
DEC&B%4CJ5D&k.+!LC+e5+7+I.^.%!IvC4.j(PD(LC%Q]+
CJ$%N'(yCC!F+6!G(IA+HC7+Px%4NjDM"j%%!Ž
!F+6!G(&Ql+CJTDCJD%4+7+N"p%4d)%4U!H.HC![
d)%4U!H.%H%4I].%!.1C&B•9
D
CJD%4IA.%4A#IAd)%4U!H.
@E%!I].%!.1C&B`8
D
CJD%4<;&h%`Š4.2
™)%4U!H.@E%!@A(+!DC!F+6!G(+H( U!H.Jš!X%S(A"
IA%4%s"S(y%!X%SU!)%!Q%4+K%+!Q5+!0%
!F+6!G(d)%4U!H.%H%4+H( U!H.U!)%4JšS(A"IA%4S
I3%!EC!X%IAC!Q2%4&Z+!0%
!F+6!G(d)%4U!H.@E%!+HC![Cp%CJOIA.C"i%&h%`
C!7%4S+K%d)%4U!H.%H%4+HC![Cp%CJOIA.%4A#&h%;C"i%S
I].&.'"U.1%N5D4H.U0%IA&[@E%!HC![Cp%CJO&Ql+@s"!X%
%h"&H%44H.+!s%U!)%4
1.4. Tẩm nước sốt
“"7Cf%!+!"G%N3%4"#$%@.1"+7IA+!"G%N3%Q]+^VCdD%4dD%4

I].%!5"
1.4.1. !"G%N3%4"#$%@.1"+7
 .h6%!v%+7
4"#$%@.1"+7C.h6%!v%6!j.CQX.S&p%4&'"I'U0+!C!Q]+S
U!V.@Ql%4IA(A"^}+S( &y+CJQ%4SC!3C+7+K%+!}+S%4"#$%IŽ%
U!)%4N3Ck%C!QX%4S(}CCQX.CJD%4IA+HCJD%4@Ql%4U!Dj%4Š8
&h%<884‰+D%7&Ql+NjDM"j%N„%46!QX%46!76@E%!!Dy+
6!QX%46!76@E%!&)%4
 .j.&)%4
„%4PK%4%Q]+&V.@Q"S@A(C5%4.7PQ].IK.%Q]++!j#“"7
CJf%!@A(C5%4.7&Ql++D.@ACVC%!LCU!.+7U!).6!x+&Ql+CJE%4
C!7.N5%&i"+e5%HH!5.6!QX%46!764.j.&)%4@A,.j.&)%4
CJD%4U!)%4U!0IA4.j.&)%4N„%46!QX%46!76&V.@Q"!.4.j.
&)%4CJD%4U!)%4U!0&V.@Q"C!f%!.1C&BU!)%4U!0@AC‚<9•`8°S
&BG(U!)%4U!0@AC‚†8•†9€SIv%CV+U!)%4U!0@AC‚9•Š(‰^
 ™w@\^XNB
w5^XS+}C&").S+}CIs#S&7%!IG#S+}C&i"S(kNx%4S(D.
!hC%B.C5%4h"+7@]%<+D%›<884C!f+}C&).S%!_!X%C!f&[
%4"#$%
 4s(PL(
JD%4+7N.[%+H%!.'"J.(TC!#@5(.%Dd.4s#( C5%!U!H
+!3"S!l6+!LC%A#+HC0%!N5qX%$%P-%45+.P5+TC.+&[@DE.+!n%4
4DA.J5S%p%4&Bœ+HC7+Px%4/++!hI.^.%!IvC!.6•ŠC!f
I.U!"G%C!V.Jw5N3U!V%4+!hS6•Œ9I.U!"G%%4‚%4^.%!^j%S
IAU!.6•`C!f+7+T%q#(TN3Uf(!Z(!.%4s(4.L(S6JDCT.%
N'(yCN3N.h%C0%!SC!3C+7CJg%$%J}%+!}+!X%
 4s(P"%4P3+!("V.
!A%!6!i%4p(,("V.<9€S&Q2%4SNBC%4*CS!A%!
7+Px%4,
• "V.Uf(!Z(^FCF6!s%+e5T%q#(TIAI.^.%!IvC

• Q2%4IANBC%4*C@A(P3"I3(y%+e5("V.
• A%!@A(+!D+7C!X(IA%4D%!X%
 L6
7^5"U!.+}CU!n+IAdw@\&Ql+C.h%!A%!!L6g%!.1C&B
†98&h%<888x+&0+!+e5M"7CJf%!!L6@A%4‚%4M"7CJf%!
^.%!!H5S4.O&BCQX.+e5+7S@A(N.h%C0%!6JDCT.%S C7+!@DE.%Q]+
%!„(k%&3%!^j%6!G(&)%4C!2.&"k.U!0CJD%4%4"#$%@.1"CJ7%!
6!p%4!B6U!.C.1CCJ-%4
 ™h6!B6
i%6!j.U.[(CJ5!B6CJQ]+U!.dh6!B6S^5"&H+!"#[%!B6
&h%(7#Jw5,Q]+Jw5+H%!.1C&B•8••9
D
S4.n6Jw5^E+!!B6S@DE.
N_CE6+!LC@ESNx.NG%IAC.$"P.1CI.^.%!IvCN7(CJ$%C!A%!!B6IA
%}6!B6S+!"G%N3CVC+!D4.5.&DE%dh6!B6
!.+!D+7IAD!B66!j.&j(NjDI'U!V.@Ql%4C3%!+e5^j%
6!G(SIANjD&j(+7+#$"+i"I'5%CDA%IA!l6I1^.%!p%4C!2.
6!j.&j(NjDCr@14.O5;C!A%!6!i%+7.IA%Q]+C!)%4C!Q2%4Cr@1
+7.@AŠ8•ˆ8€
1.4.2. !"G%N3%Q]+^VC
 4"#$%@.1"
!*%+A+K%CQX.S(A"&_^7%4SU!)%4M"7+!0%SU!)%4^s"
N1%!SPv6%7C
 ™w@\
w5+ACJD%4%Q]+^E+!%!„(@DE.N_CE6+!LCS&LCS+7C=DE.
N_%!O%4M"jN3C!V.SU!)%4&eM"#+7+!+!hN.h%
 "%%H%4
x+&0+!@ANLC!DECT%q#(T6T+C.%5^T&[4.O+!D^j%6!G(
U!)%4N3C7+!%Q]+$%+E+!&HST%q#(TDd#!D7+o%4N3NLC!DEC
4DA.J5S&"%%H%4@A(+!D+L"CJn+('(!X%%!„(C:%4!.1"^"LC

C!"!p.P3+!M"j!.1C&B&"%%H%4,•9
D

 !A
!„(C7+!I_S!ECIA@A(%!_C!3C+ACJD%4ChNAD%4"#$%
@.1"
 !V.+!h
!A%!6!i%4p(,NBCS("V.S&Q2%4SNBC%4*C
•BC+HC7+Px%4C:%4&B^1C+e5%Q]+^5"+TS4.j(I3+!"5+e5
%4"#$%@.1"@A(C:%44.7CJ3U.%!Ch
•7+4.5I3U!7++HC7+Px%4&.'"I3SC:%44.7CJ3+j(M"5%
 )&y+
“"7CJf%!+)&y+&Ql+C!F+!.1%CJD%4&.'"U.1%+!s%U!)%4
I].&B+!s%U!)%4U!Dj%4Š88•Š98((4JD%4&.'"U.1%+!s%
U!)%4%!.1C&B^).+e5P"%4P3+!JLCC!L6SU!Dj%498•998!.&HS
+L"CJn+6T+C.%U!)%4N36!7IR%$%4.O&Ql+&B^1C+e5%Q]+^5"+T
5"U!.+)&y+dD%4%Q]+^5"+T+A+!"5C5C.h%!A%!JHC%Q]+
^VCIAD!B6@n+%!.1C&B+K%%H%4U!Dj%4!X%•9
D
C!TDCr@1, VC
+A‰+7•Œ‰Š^5"&HC.h%!A%!4!W6%}6
 !W6%}6
x+&0+!+7+!@.6!F+6!G(!DA%CDA%I].().CJQ2%4S&j(NjD
+!LC@Ql%4+!D^j%6!G(
1.5. L6
!*%+7CD+RN„%4NA%C5#%4Q2.@]%dKTJ5S@A(+7SJw5^E+!&[
J7D%Q]+7!L6C!Q2%4@A!L6%4"#$%+j+D%%$%U!)%4&Ql++}C
U!n+-%4P5DNW%+/5P*+IA.%!7C!5.N$%(f%!+7]64.5I3
IAD+74p(!A%!SC.$"S]CS%4oI3!QX%4+-%4(BC+!nC%Q]+(}(
%4D%S&[U!Dj%4<96!nC+!D+7%4L(4.5I3!3CN5+!rd}C%!_S

%L((•Dd}C+!rSNn%CA"d}CU!n+SCLC+jJj.@$%CJ$%CJ$%(f%!+7
!D+7IAD&•5NA%^s"S!L6+7+!C!e#
1.6. Phương php bo qun lạnh
4"#$%@\+e56!QX%46!76%A#@A@A(4.j(CJ5D&k.+!LCIA
!DEC&B%4+e5+7+I.^.%!IvCIAT%q#(T
1.6.1. „%4%Q]+&7
„%4+7+!4.j(%!.1C&Bd"V%44i%8
D
S^F^.%!CJQg%4+e5
+7+I.^.%!IvC4s#QX%!_%4IA4s#N1%!4.j(SPDIv#^m4.j(
&Ql+CV+&BQX%!_%4IA@A(4.j(!Dy+@DE.N_&Ql+(BC^V
%4"#+XI'5CDA%C!F+6!G(
7+C0%!+!LCIvC@\U!7+%!5"+e5%Q]+&7^wPx%4&[Q]6
+7
=DE.%Q]+&7 0+!C!Q]+
a((c
![C0+!J.$%4
a(
`
‰CL%c
!V.@Ql%4
J.$%4aCL%‰(
`
c
7IG# <8‰;8•;‰` ;;•;` 8Œ9•8Œ`
7&•5 `8‰98••‰<9 <ˆ•<• 89†•899
7V%4 98•<8‰<; <Š•;8 8Š;•89
7+s# !5#&k. <8• 8†;
7d5# !5#&k. <Œ•<9 8ˆ<•8ŠŠ
7Ij#+!D6!W66!s%NV%Q]+&7PYPA%4S&p%4&'"!X%SPD

Iv#^m0C!Dy+U!)%44s#!Q!_%4+X!*+IA@A(@E%!%!5%!!X%+7+
@DE.&7U!7+
7d5#JLCPYC5%7+s#C!f+i%0CU!)%44.5%Iv%+!"#[%S
C5%+!v(S%$%&Ql+%4QPs%Q5+!"B%
V+&B@A(@E%!+!e#h"6!xC!x+IADP.$%C0+!CJ$%(BC&X%
I3U!V.@Ql%4+7C.h6dn+I].%Q]+&7.1%C0+!+e5(BC&X%I3U!V.
@Ql%4+A%@]%SCV+&B@A(@E%!+A%!%!5%!IAC!2.4.5%&E+&Ql+
%!.1C&B+i%C!.hC+A%4%4}%
!2.4.5%NjDM"j%+7+HC![U!7+%!5"C!5#&k.C-#C!TD@DA.
+7%Q]+(y%IA%Q]+%4*CSI-%4U!0!v"%!.1C&].!5#)%&].
=DA.+7 =DE.+7 !2.!E%^wPx%4
a%4A#c
%&]. !.1C
&].
7+@DE.+7%Q]+(y%
7C"#hCS!5PPD+U E+ †•<9
ž!.C.%4 E+ ˆ•†
7(T+@"+ E+ <8•`<
7I'% E+S0C(R ••;;
7%E%4 E+ <8•;•
7!5%! E+ Š•;•
7(n E+ <Š•<†
7CJ$ E+ ••;<
5%PDJ5 E+ <Š•`9
ŸDNt.^! E+ ;<•;Š
7%i" E+S0C(R ;<•;Œ
7&"V. !…%4aPŽ6c ˆ•;< ;<
7NX% !…%4aPŽ6c ˆ•<•
7C!" WD ;•Š
7CJ0+!(-5&)%4 LCNWD `•• †•<Š

7CJ0+!(-5!• CNWD ˆ•<;
7^5JP.%T LCNWD †•<ˆ Š•Œ8
7+@DA.+7%Q]+%4*C
7CJ$ E+ <;•<` <9•<ˆ
7!p. E+ †•<< <Š•;Œ
7IQl+ E+S0CNWD ••<ˆ <`•`;
7J)6!. E+ <8•;ˆ
7(V. E+ <;•;Š
7+!WD E+0CNWD <Š•;<
76!k. E+S0CNWD <<•;9
56@D+!JD(.^ E+ Š
!5P WDI‚5 ;9
DJI.%5 WDI‚5 `8
54JT WDI‚5 ;9
!.%+"%5 WD Œ8
5+" WD Œ8
‚UhCM"jCJ$%+!DC!L#,
!2.4.5%NjDM"j%@E%!+e5+7%Q]+%4*CPA.!X%+7+@DA.+7
N.[%
!2.4.5%NjDM"j%+7I-%4%!.1C&].PA.!X%+7+@DA.+7
I-%4)%&].IA!A%&].
!2.4.5%NjDM"j%+74i#PA.!X%+7+@DA.+7NWD
1.6.2. „%4U!0@E%!
!F+6!G(&Ql+&Q5@$%+7+N:%4Cj.+!E#CJD%4N"p%@E%!
!)%4U!0@E%!•`8
D
&Ql+C!k.M"5+7+@—%!_CJ$%N:%4Cj.&[
@A(@E%!%!5%!C!F+6!G(C!F+6!G(^m&Ql+d7DCJB%&[^5"
U!.+L6&)%4%!5%!S+!n%4U!)%4&H%4C!A%!Cj%4C!2.4.5%+L6
&)%4UWDPA.;&h%`4.2

4DA.J5%4Q2.C5+K%NjDM"j%+7N„%46!QX%46!76Q]6
&)%4IACJ7%4N:%4
2. Cc phương php ch% bi%n c
2.1. C xông khói
7d)%4U!H.+H+!e%4@DE.&5PE%!!X%+7U!)H@APD4.5I3
CG(a("V.SC.$"IA(•cIA!QX%4@.1"+HC![+!DJ5%!O%4( I3
&y+CJQ%4+e5C!F+6!G(d)%4U!H.
2.1.1. 4"#$%@.1"
4"#$%@.1"+7&)%4@E%!SU!)%4^wPx%4+7N3!QC!V.SIf^m
@A(4.j(+!LC@Ql%4^j%6!G(
2.1.2. Z&)%4
x+&0+!@A@A(C!5#&k.CJE%4C!7.C!3C+7C‚PE%4+/%4^5%4
PE%4('(
wPx%4C!.hCN3C5%4.7N„%4M"EC4.H!Dy+6!K%4C5%4.7
2.1.3. ™w@\
x+&0+!@A+!"G%N3+!DM"7CJf%!Q]6("V.IAC:%4N'(yC
C.h6dn+I].U!H.p%4C!2.+!r%!@E.!f%!PE%4+7SCEDP7%4+!D
^j%6!G(
2.1.4. ]6(V.
x+&0+!@AUf(!Z(^FCF6!s%PDC7+Px%4+e5T%q#(TIA
I.^.%!IvCCED^F+!0%^.%!!H5SCED!QX%4I3IA(A"^}+&y+
CJQ%4+!D^j%6!G(
wPx%4C!.hCN3Q]6("V.@.$%Cx+
2.1.5. !w("V.
x+&0+!@ACED&.'"U.1%C!"v%@l.U!.^L#SU!.C:%4%!.1C&B
^mU!)%44s#UhCC.%!("V.CJ$%N'(yC+7S4.j(!.1"^"LCd)%4
U!H.p%4C!2.CEDI3(y%!A.!K5+!D^j%6!G(
wPx%4C!.hCN3Jw5@.$%Cx+%„(%45%4
2.1.6. [J7D
x+&0+!@A+!"G%N3+!DM"7CJf%!d)%4U!H.S4.j(!A(

@Ql%4%Q]+CJ$%N'(yC
wPx%46!QX%46!76&[J7DCF%!.$%
2.1.7. ™s"+7
wPx%4(H++s"%!_N„%4C!W6U!)%4JrCEDC!A%!<!Dy+;
!A%&[d)%4U!H.SP-%4+7+C!5%!+HC!.hCP.1%`8¡Œ8((S+!.'"
PA.<•;(&[CJTD+7+(H+N„%4Ps#C!W6(_%4SU!Dj%4+7+!
4.O5+7+(H+@AŒ8•ˆ8((™s"M"5(}C!5#M"56!i%&").+7
i%CJTD+7&[J7D%Q]+CJQ]+U!.&Q5IA@Kd)%4U!H.
2.1.8. ™)%4U!H.
x+&0+!@ACED( IA(A"&y+CJQ%4+!D^j%6!G(S@A(
+!0%^j%6!G(p%4C!2.C.$"P.1CI.^.%!IvCIA4.j(&BG(+e5
^j%6!G(S!E%+!h^FDd.!H5+!LCNWDCJD%4+7
wPx%4@Kd)%4U!H.
2.1.9. [%4"B.
x+&0+!@A!E%+!h^F%/+IRN'(yC+7U!.+7J5U!_.C!.hC
N3d)%4U!H.
wPx%4PK%4U!)%4U!0^E+!C!k.IADC!TD+7+@—U!0%45#
CJ$%C!.hCN3d)%4U!H.
2.1.10.H%44H.
x+&0+!@ACJ7%!C.h6dn+I].U!)%4U!0N$%%4DA.S@A(Dd.
!H5!H5+!LCNWDCJD%4+7IA%!.Y(I.^.%!IvCSj%!!Qg%4&h%
C!2.4.5%^wPx%4+e5^j%6!G(
wPx%4C!.hCN3N5D4H.+!s%U!)%4
2.1.11.jDM"j%
5"U!.N5D4H.S^j%6!G(+"V.+-%4^m&Ql+NjDM"j%g%!.1C&B
C‚8•Œ
D

wPx%4U!DNjDM"j%@E%!
2.2. Surimi

"J.(.@A(BCC!"vC%4O+e5!vCj%&[+!r%!O%4^j%6!G(
C!3C+7&Z&Ql+C7+!dQX%4Sd5#%!"#Y%SJw5N„%4%Q]+IA6!V.CJB%
I].+7+6!x4.5+!V%4N.h%C0%!PD&)%4@E%!&[+HC![NjDM"j%
&Ql+@s"g%!.1C&BC!L6
2.2.1. 4"#$%@.1"
4"#$%@.1"+!0%!+e5^"J.(.@A+7C!3CCJ}%4S@Ql%4(R0CS+H
U0+!C!Q]+%!_S4.7CJ3U.%!ChC!L6S+HU!j%:%4&)%4UhCCVC
2.2.2. !s%@DE.IAdw@\
7%!Ij#S@DE.N_&i"S%B.CE%4SJw5^E+!Jp.@*+^QX%4
!QX%46!76%A#C!"&Ql+@Ql%4C!3C+7%!.'"!X%S%!Q%4+HC![
+K%^HC%B.CE%4
=L#t.@@TC+7IA@*+dQX%4g(.h%4t.@@TC7+!%A#@DE.N_
CJ.1C&[!X%S%!Q%4@Ql%4C!3C+7C!"&Ql+C!L6
2.2.3. 4!.'%C!)
!3C()+X+7&Ql+&T(%4!.'%C!A%!(.h%4PA.`•9(( w
Px%4C!.hCN3%4!.'%C5%4CJV%4D@@•C#6T^T65J5CT
2.2.4. w5
.h%!A%!Jw5CJD%4&.'U.1%!CJ"%4C0%!aŠ9•ˆ8cIA%!.1C
&BC!L6a`•<8
D
c
!"CJf%!Jw5,
• w5@i%<,C˜@1%Q]+Jw5IA+7@AŠ,<SC!2.4.5%Jw5@A`86!nC
• w5@i%;,CQX%4CF@i%<
• w5@i%`,Jw5N„%4%Q]+C!Q2%4SC!2.4.5%Jw5@A`86!nC
“"7CJf%!%A#&Ql+C!F+!.1%CJD%4Nf%!@]%+H+7%!U!"L#
%Q]+CJD%4Np%&Ql+JnCJ5IANX(%!.'"@i%N$%PQ].Np%+H
&yCIj.@*+S+!D%Q]+IA+7++!LC!K5C5%&.M"5S4.O@E.C!3C+7
CJ$%Ij.@*+
2.2.5. ¢6C7+!%Q]+

!i%G(CJD%4C!3C+7+!e#h"@A%Q]+CFPDS%$%^wPx%4(7#
@#Cs(!5#@*+&[C7+!J5!Q2%4^wPx%4(7#@*++7U0+!C!Q]+
@—@*+U!Dj%489•<9((%4DA.J5+K%+HC![C!$(8<•8`€
!—%!l6("V.5@•5@
;
&[C:%4!.1"M"jC7+!%Q]+ wPx%4
C!.hCN3W6CJx+I.^
2.2.6. !V.CJB%
!.C.h%!A%!6!V.CJB%S%!.1C&B!—%!l66!j.%!_!X%<8
D

wPx%46!x4.5+XNj%@A&Q2%4S^DJN.CD@IA6D@#6!D^6!5CT
!2.4.5%U!"L#&jD+HC![C‚`84.s#&h%96!nCSC-#C!"B+IAD
@Ql%4%4"#$%@.1"IACV+&B+7%!U!"L#BG(^5"U!.6!V.CJB%
&EC&Ql+@Aˆ9••8€
2.2.7. 3%!!f%!
5"U!.6!V.CJB%6!x4.5S^"J.(.&Ql+W6I.$%SW6C!A%!
%!O%4C!5%!PA.!5#&[%4"#$%gPE%465^CTIAW6C!A%!N7%!
+!O%!vC!.hCN3^wPx%4@A(7#W6&-%S(7#%!p.
2.2.8. =E%!&)%4
"J.(.&Z&H%44H.&Ql+@A(@E%!&)%4d"V%4C‚•;9
D
&h%
•`Œ
D
 "J.(.&Ql+NjDM"j%g%!.1C&Bk%&3%!C‚•<•
D
&h%
•;8
D

CJQ]+U!.&Ql+P-%4&[^j%d"LC+7+^j%6!G(U!7+
2.2.9. KU.(@DE.
=DE.N_%!O%4^j%6!G(N3@z%U.(@DE. wPx%4(7#PKU.(
@DE.4}%+j(N.h%C‚
2.2.10.5D4H.
"J.(.&Ql+&H%44H.+!s%U!)%4CF&B%4CJD%4+7+N5D
6D@#TC!#@T%TPA#`•ˆ((I].CJ*%4@Ql%4<8U4‰N5D 5"&HS;
N5D^"J.(.&Ql+&H%44H.IAD<C!-%4+5JCD%&[PYPA%4Iv%
+!"#[%
2.3. Đóng hộp
2.3.1. 4"#$%@.1"
4"#$%@.1"+7C.h6%!v%6!j.CQX.S&p%4&'"I'U0+!C!Q]+S
U!V.@Ql%4IA(A"^}+S( &y+CJQ%4SC!3C+7+K%+!}+S%4"#$%
IŽ%U!)%4N3Ck%C!QX%4S(}CCQX.CJD%4IA+HCJD%4@Ql%4
U!Dj%4Š8&h%<884‰+D%
2.3.2. !s%@DE.
Chọn cá tươi, phân chia sao cho đồng đều về kích thước,
khối lượng. Nguyên liệu được vận chuyển trên băng tải,
nguyên liệu phải được dàn mỏng để việc lựa chọn không bỏ
sót.
2.3.3. Xw@\^XNB
Rửa sơ, cắt đuôi, cắt vây, đánh vẩy, cắt đầu, mổ bụng, moi
hết nội tạng. Nếu cá lớn 1 con > 100g thì cắt đôi, nhỏ hơn thì
để nguyên.
2.3.4. Rw5£[J7D
Cá sau khi xử lý sơ bộ xong thì vớt ra, dùng nước sạch để
rửa lại.
2.3.5. ]64.5I3
Gia vò dùng ướp cá là tỏi, hành băm nhuyễn, muối, đường
Tỷ lệ giữa các thành phần này được xác đònh như sau : đường

3 %, muối 2,5% , bột ngọt 0,2%, tiêu 0,2%, hành tím 2%, ớt.
Để gia vò thấm đều khi ướp ta trộn đều và sau đó để yên
khoảng 20 phút cho thẩm thấu. Giai đoạn này phải đảm bảo vệ
sinh, tránh ruồi nhặng hay côn trùng đậu vào bằng cách đậy
kín bằng vải màn
2.3.6. ™h6!B6
i%6!j.U.[(CJ5!B6CJQ]+U!.dh6!B6S^5"&H+!"#[%!B6
&h%(7#Jw5,Q]+Jw5+H%!.1C&B•8••9
D
S4.n6Jw5^E+!!B6S
@DE.N_CE6+!LC@ESNx.NG%IAC.$"P.1CI.^.%!IvCN7(CJ$%C!A%!
!B6IA%}6!B6S+!"G%N3CVC+!D4.5.&DE%dh6!B6
!.+!D+7IAD!B66!j.&j(NjDI'U!V.@Ql%4C3%!+e5^j%
6!G(SIANjD&j(+7+#$"+i"I'5%CDA%IA!l6I1^.%!p%4
C!2.6!j.&j(NjDCr@14.O5;C!A%!6!i%+7.IA%Q]+C!)%4
C!Q2%4Cr@1+7.@AŠ8•ˆ8€
2.3.7. HC%Q]+^VC
Sử dụng máy rót chất lỏng theo phương pháp chân không.
Trước khi rót vào hộp thì dòch sốt phải được đun đến trên 80
8
C
để tăng hệ số truyền nhiệt nhằm đảm bảo hiệu quả tiệt trùng
và giảm lượng không khí còn lẫn trong sản phẩm.
Lượng nước sốt rót vào hộp tuỳ thuộc vào lượng cá có
trong hộp sao cho đảm bảo khối lượng tònh của thành phẩm.
Không rót quá đầy mà nên luôn cách mép hộp 5 mm hay 1/10
chiều cao hộp.
2.3.8. A.U!0
Thực hiện bài khí bằng nhiệt. Đun nóng hộp cá và nước sốt
bằng hơi nước 80 – 90

o
C trong nồi với thời gian là 10 phút.
2.3.9. W6(0
Toàn bộ quá trình ghép mí được tự động hoá bằng máy
ghép tự động, năng suất 120 hộp trong một phút.
2.3.10..1CCJ-%4
Tiến hành tiệt trùng trong thiết bò tiệt trùng autolave, nhiệt
độ tiệt trùng 115-121
o
C.
2.3.11.=A(%4"B.
Thực hiện trong thiết bò tiệt trùng. Sau khi tiệt trùng xong,
mở xả van hơi và đưa nước lạnh vào để làm nguội.
2.3.12.H%4C!-%4
p!B66!j.&Ql+@A(U!)Jp.(].&T(&.&H%4C!-%4
2.3.13.jD)%
Đồ hộp được đem bảo ôn trong kho ở 40
o
C, độ ẩm tương
đối 70
÷
80%
2.4. Sấy khơ
2.4.1. 4"#$%@.1"
7%4"#$%@.1"6!j.+K%^V%4SU!)%4N3CJi#^Q]C!Dy+N3
N1%!.h%!A%!dw@0+7%45#^5"U!.("5I'
2.4.2. ™w@\%4"#$%@.1"
4"#$%@.1"&Ql+t.@@TC@L#C!3CS@E%P5SJw5^E+!SJp.C.h%!A%!
%4s(CJD%4P"%4P3+!5+.P5+TC.+8S;€CJD%4<&h%;6!nC&[U!w
( C5%!S^5"&HJw5@E.N„%4%Q]+^E+!IA&[@$%U!5#+!DJ7D

2.4.3. 3%!!f%!
x+&0+!@A@A((_%4@]6C!3C+7IA@DE.N]C(BC0C%Q]+CF
PD4.n6+!D+7U!)CJD%4M"7CJf%!^L#
2.4.4. ]6("V.
x+&0+!CEDI3(y%+!D^j%6!G(@DE.(BC6!i%%Q]+CFPD
6!TD6!QX%46!76U!"#hCC7%”++!hC(BC^VI.^.%!IvC+H!E.
2.4.5. ™j("V.
4s(%Q]+@Z98&h%Š8€^DI].U!V.@Ql%4+7CJD%4<8&h%
<96!nCS^5"&HI]CJ5&[J7D
x+&0+!@A@DE.N]CI3(y%&[+!"G%N3+!D+)%4&DE%Q]6
4.5I3
2.4.6. ]64.5I3
5"U!.Q]6("V.C5C.h%!A%!Q]64.5I34p(!—%!l6
&Q2%4SNBC%4*CSC_.SC.$"S]C%!„(CEDI3!A.!K5IAC:%4U!j%:%4
NjDM"j%+!D^j%6!G(
!A%!6!i%4.5I3%!Q^5",
• Q2%4;8€
• BC%4*C<€
• .$"89€
• _.<€
• ¤C89€
• Q]+`8€
2.4.7. L#^XNB
x+&0+!@A@DE.6!i%@]%%Q]+CJD%4C!3C+7SCED&.'"U.1%
+!DM"7CJf%!^L#@A(+!0%C.h6C!TD
L#&V.@Q"g99
D
CJD%4IK%4<;!S&[+H(A"IA%4+7%!4.7%
&y+CJQ%4IA( C!X(&y+CJQ%4
2.4.8. L#@A(+!0%

L#&V.@Q"g•8
D
CJD%4IK%4•!
x+&0+!@A@DE.N_(BC6!i%%Q]+%O5&[^j%6!G(+"V.
+-%4&EC&h%&BG(+i%C!.hC.$"P.1C6!i%@]%I.^.%!IvCCED
&.'"U.1%+!DM"7CJf%!NjDM"j%=A(C!3C+7+!0%SCED!QX%4I3
IA(A"^}+&y+CJQ%4
2.4.9. ¢6
x+&0+!,¢6%!„(@A(CX.C!3CU!)SCED4.7CJ3+j(M"5%CVC
!QX%46!76,W6I'&BPA#C‚;•`((
2.4.10.=A(%4"B.
x+&0+!,CJ7%!+!DU!)N3!nCG(CJg@E.
!QX%46!76,
• =A(%4"B.CF%!.$%
• =A(%4"B.N„%44.HaP-%4M"ECc
2.4.11.5D4H.
!QX%46!76,!)&Ql+&yCCJD%4IrdV6a bcS^5"&H&Ql+
+!DIADN5DNfbIA!nC+!s%U!)%4
x+&0+!+e5I.1+!nC+!s%U!)%4,@A@A(+!v(+7+N.h%&k.
!H5!*++e5U!)CJD%4M"7CJf%!NjDM"j%S&y+N.1C@A6!j%/%4
6TJDd.P!H5
2.4.12.jDM"j%
5"U!.N5D4H.S^j%6!G(+"V.+-%4^m&Ql+NjDM"j%g
%!.1C&BC!Q2%4S%X.U!)J7DC!D7%4(7C
!2.!E%NjDM"j%,••<;C!7%4
2.5. Ruốc
2.5.1. !"G%N3%4"#$%@.1"
7CQX.S0CdQX%4S%!.'"C!3CS%!Q,+7!p%4S+7C!"S+7^D%4•
5"&HC5C.h%!A%!N_&i"SIG#S%B.CE%4SJw5^E+!%!]CNG%
2.5.2. L6+!0%

!.1C&B!L6@A<88
D
SC!2.4.5%!L6`8&h%Œ86!nCSN_
dQX%4SP5S+!Ad7CC!3C+!DCX.%!_SW6^X&[C7+!N]C%Q]+
2.5.3. =A(U!)
5%4C!3C+7CJD%4+!jDS&jD&'"SU!.U!)%4+K%!X.%Q]+NV+
@$%S+!D%Q]+(}(S("V.IADJp.J5%4C.h6S^5"&HJj.(_%4&[
%!5%!%4"B.
2.5.4. 5D4H.
!DIADN5D^E+!S4H.SP7%U0%jDM"j%%X.U!DJ7DSC!D7%4
(7C!2.4.5%NjDM"j%†8%4A#
2.6. Nước mắm
2.6.1. !hN.h%CJD%4C!-%4@'"
Q]+(}(eCJD%4C!-%4@'"@A+7+!@A(+e5%Q]+(}(!n
“"V+
4Q2.C5P-%4@DE.C!-%44—!f%!CJx4*.@AC!-%4@'"S+5D;
&h%;S9(S&Q2%4U0%!<S9•;(SP"%4C0+!C‚;9••(`&[("V.
+7
7+X(&7%!N}CI'&Ql++!*%@F5UuSN_%!O%4+D%CD!5#%!_
M"7!Dy+U!)%4CQX.7&Ql+&T(IAD("V.U!)%4+i%Jw5@E.If
CJQ]+U!.&T(@$%N2S+7&Z&Ql+Jw5N„%4%Q]+N.[%!.("V.C˜@1
C!Q2%4P-%4@A<8+7Œ("V.S!5#`+7<("V.5.C!A%!6!i%&H
CJB%+!"%4+!DC!vC&'"(AU!)%4&[%7CS4*.@A+!Ql6 5"U!.+!D
+!Ql6IAD&i#C!-%4@'"C!f6!e@$%+7U•&Z&Ql+UhC@E.%!QCL(
+!.h"SJj.(BC@]6("V.@$%CJ$%Jp.+A.IrCJTCJ$%(yCIAdh6&7&•
d"V%4
5";•Œ%4A#%4Q2.C5(g%nC@-+H+x(@*+g&7#C!-%4@'"C!7D
P3+!+7+!j#J53+!%A#4*.@A%Q]+Nk.SPD+7+T%q#(T^CJD%4J"BC
+74.n6C!"˜6!s%6!i%%B.CE%4+7(AC!A%!Q]+Nk.+HC!A%!
6!i%&E(S%!Q%4+H( C5%!S+!Q5:%&Ql+SC!Q2%4&Ql+@*+N_

I7%4NG%&[@A(%Q]++!s(IAD+7+C!-%4+!Ql6&Z+!0%%!„(C:%4
&B&E(