Giao trinh writing level 3

WRITING 3

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN
KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ
BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHƠNG CHUN

GIÁO TRÌNH

VIẾT 3
WRITING - Level 3

ĐàNẵng, năm 2013

LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Table of contents
Chapter 1: WRITING SENTENCES

2

Lesson 1: Adjective Clauses (Who, What, Which- as the Subject)

3

Lesson 2: Adjective Clauses 2 (Who, What, Which- as the Object)

9

Lesson 3: Adjective Clauses 3 (Whose + Quantity & Quality)

14

Lesson 4: Noun Clauses

19

Lesson 5: Passive Voice

25

Lesson 6: Reviews

31

Chapter 2: RESPONDING TO AN E-MAIL REQUEST LETTER

34

Lesson 7: Giving “How to” instructions (1)

35

Lesson 8: Giving “How to” instructions (2)

39

Lesson 9: Writing directions

43

Lesson 10: Inquiries

46

Lesson 11: Responding to inquiries

50

Chapter 3: WRITING AN OPINION ESSAY

54

Lesson 12: Writing general introductory sentences

55

Lesson 13: Writing a complete introductory paragraph

58

Lesson 14: Giving reasons and examples

60

Lesson 15: Developing key ideas by giving reasons and examples

63

1


CHAPTER 1
WRITING SENTENCES

Lesson 1: Adjective Clauses 1
(Who, What, Which- as the Subject)
Lesson 2: Adjective Clauses 2
(Who, What, Which- as the Object)
Lesson 3: Adjective Clauses 3
(Whose + Quantity & Quality)
Lesson 4: Noun Clauses
Lesson 5: Passive Voice
Lesson 6: Review

Lesson 6: Expanding Mixed Patterns

2


LESSON 1: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 1
(WHO, WHAT, WHICH- AS THE SUBJECT)
A-LANGUAGE FOCUS
A relative pronoun can be the subject of its own clause.
 Subject Relative Pronouns: who, which, that
American football, which is the most popular sport In the UnitedStates, began at
HarvardUniversity.
In this pattern, who, which, and that can be either singular or plural. Make the verb agree with the
antecedent.

I have not read the magazine that is lying on the coffee table.
(The verb is lying is singular to agree with the singular antecedent magazine.)
I have not read the magazines that are lying on the coffee table.
{The verb are lying is plural to agree with the plural antecedent magazines.)
 Adjective clauses are either restrictive (necessary) or nonrestrictive (unnecessary).
Restrictive (necessary): no commas
The professor who teaches my biology class won a Nobel Prize two years ago.
Nonrestrictive (unnecessary): commas
Professor Jones, who teaches my biology class, won a Nobel Prize two years ago.
The following examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence
containing a subject pattern adjective clauses.
For People
Restrictive
who, that

People save time and energy. They use microwave ovens.
People who use microwave ovens save time and energy.
People that use microwave ovens save time and energy.

Nonrestrictive
Who

Microwave cooking is not popular with most professional chefs. Professional
chefs say that fast cooking does not allow flavors to blend.
Microwave cooking is not popular with most professional chefs, who say that
fast cooking does not allow flavors to blend.
For Animals and Things

Restrictive
That

Ovens are capable of cooking food quickly. They use microwave energy.
Ovens that use microwave energy are capable of cooking foods quickly.

Nonrestrictive
Which

An electron tube in the oven produces microwaves. Microwaves cook by
agitating the water molecules in food.
An electron tube in the oven produces microwaves, which cook by agitating
the water molecules in food.

- You may delete the relative pronoun and the be verb when:
1. they are followed by a prepositional phrase.
Ex1: The man who is in the house is my father.
 The man in the house is my father.
Ex2: The books that are on the desk are mine
 The books on the desk are mine.
3


2. the main verb in the relative clause is progressive.
Ex1: The man who is swimming in the lake is my father.
The man swimming in the lake is my father.
Ex2: The books that are lying on the floor are mine.
 The books lying on the floor are mine.
3. the main verb in tenses
Ex1: People who buy lottery tickets are often found at bingo.
 People buying lottery tickets are often found at bingo.
Ex2: The bus which leaves at 6:03 was late today, so I caught the 6:08 one for downtown.

 The bus leaving at 6:03 was late today.

B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Combine the two sentences. Add commas if necessary.
1) She loves books (the books have happy endings).
……………………………………………………………………..
2) They live in a city (the city is in the north of England).
……………………………………………………………………..
3) The man is in the garden (the man is wearing a blue jumper).
……………………………………………………………………..
4) Anyone must have a logical mind. He or she wants to be a computer programmer
……………………………………………………………………………..
5) Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling. English spelling is not always
consistent with its pronunciation.
.
……………………………………………………………………..
6) The fruit is on the table. The fruit isn’t fresh.
……………………………………………………………………..
7) While he lectured, he showed us a slide. The slide diagrammed the double helix structure of DNA.
……………………………………………………………………..
8) Words in English are often difficult for foreigners to pronounce. They begin with the consonants
……………………………………………………………………..
2. Reduce the relative clauses
1. The man who is standing there is a clown.
……………………………………………………………………..
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
……………………………………………………………………..
3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the
starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.
……………………………………………………………………..

4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
……………………………………………………………………..
5. The student don’t know how to do exercise which were given
by the teacher yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………..
6. Joggers who will run in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up.
……………………………………………………………………..
7. A person who does at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better.
……………………………………………………………………..
4


C- PRACTICE IN TOEIC
I. Language building
a-Give some words which may be used to describe pictures 1-3. Compare with your friends
b-Complete the following about pictures 1-3 with the suitable words

Picture 1
1. The man who is holding a suitcase is
………………………….
2. The man who stands behind the counter is
…………………….

Picture 2
3. The women sitting at the table are …….
……………...
4. The women who are …………….. try to
reach an agreement.

Picture 3

5


5. There are buildings on the side of the river
which …………… the city.

6. People are walking along the path
which……………the river.

II. Tactic Practice
1. Put the words in the correct order
Picture 1
1. The/ searching/ guard/ is/ the/ apart/ his/
arms/ man/ who/ has.
………………………………………………
…………………………………………..….
2. The /raising/ man/ who/ arms/ is/ his/ is/
the guard/ searched/ by.
…………………………………………..….
……………………………………………..

Picture 2
3. Some/ listening to/ people/ a pen/ man/ are/
the/ holding/ who is.
………………………………………………
…………………………………………..….
4. The/ the left/ a presentation/ man/ on/ is/
making.
………………………………………………

…………………………………………..….
Picture 3

6


5. The/ reading/ man/ sits/ a / the shelf/ book/
next to.
………………………………………………
…………………………………………..….
6. The/ book/behind /shelf/ reading/ man/ is/
the/ who/ is/ a
………………………………………………
…………………………………………..….

2. Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words
1. stand/ wall/ conversation

3. building/ locate/ river

……………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
2. wait/ want/ line

……………………………………………..
……………………………………………..

………………………………………….
…………………………………………
7

III.Test Practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change
the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order.

water/ boat
1…………………………………………….

map/ look
2………………………………………..

map/ look
3…………………………………….
………………………………………..

stand/ across
4…………………………………….
……………………………………….

8


woman/ hold

teacher/ explain

5…………………………………….
………………………………………..

6. …………………………………….
………………………………………..

-----------------------------------------------------

LESSON 2: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 2
(WHO, WHAT, WHICH- AS THE OBJECT)
A-LANGUAGE FOCUS
A relative pronoun can be an object in its own clause.
Object Relative Pronouns
whom,
OSV
which,
that,
The address that he gave me was
0 (no
incorrect.
pronoun)
Note: You can omit that in object pattern clauses only.
Ex: The address (that) he gave me was incorrect.
9


The following examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence
containing an object pattern adjective clause
For People
Restrictive
whom, that, 0

The professor is chair of the English Department. You should see the
professor.
The professor whom you should see is chair of the English
Department.
The professor that you should see is chair of the English Department.
(informal)
professor
should seeYou
is chair
of the English
Nonrestrictive TheDr.
White isyou
an ecologist.
met Dr.White
in myDepartment.
office.
Dr. White, whom you met in my office, is an ecologist.
Whom
For Animals and Things
Restrictive
that, 0
Nonrestrictive
which

The book was written in German. The professor translated the book.
The book that the professor translated was written in German.
The book the professor translated was written in German.
Environmental science is one of the most popular courses in the college.
Dr. White teaches environmental science.
Environmental science, which Dr. White teaches, is one of the most

popular courses in the college.

B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. The movie was interesting. We went to it.
 …………………………………………………………………
2. I met the people. You told me about them.
 ………………………………………………………………
3. I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone.
 …………………………………………………………………
4. I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night.
 …………………………………………………………………
5. The music was gentle. We listened to it last night.
 …………………………………………………………………
6. Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them.
 …………………………………………………………………
7. The market has refresh vegetables. I usually go to it.
 …………………………………………………………………
8. The man is over there. I told you about him.
 …………………………………………………………………
10


9. The film is fantastic. They are talking about it.
 …………………………………………………………………
10. She’s the nurse. We gave the flowers to her.
 …………………………………………………………………
11. We are speaking to the man. The man was our new history teacher.
 …………………………………………………………………
12. The teacher is Mr. Pike. We studied with him last year.
 …………………………………………………………………

13. We are very interested in the problem. It has been discussed in class.
 …………………………………………………………………
14. Lung cancer is very dangerous. Million of people died of it.
 …………………………………………………………………
15. I like standing at the window. I can see the park from the window.
 …………………………………………………………………
C-PRACTICE IN TOEIC
I. Building language
Picture 1
1. The kid is trying to reach the cookie
plate which his mother …………...

2. The cookie plate that the boy is trying
to reach looks ………..

Picture 2
3. They are talking about the food that
they ………. for lunch.

4. The lunch that they are eating is
……………..

11


Picture 3

5. The building that they are visiting is
…………….

6. They are coming to the building which
many tourists ……………….every year.

II. Tactic Practice
1. Reorder the words to complete sentences
Picture 1
1. clothes/ he/ The/ dirty/ which/ put/ basket/
in/ the/ are
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
2. The/ needs/ clothes/ wash/ that/ he/ to/
basket/ are/ in/ the
………………………………………………
………………………………………………

Picture 2

3. The man/ is/ bicycle/ fixing/ often/ the/ that
/he/ uses.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
4. The bicycle/ yesterday/ fixing/ that/ broke
down/ they/ are.
………………………………………………
……………………………………………

12


Picture 3

5. The car/ is waiting/ that/ driving/ the
traffic/ the woman/ is/ for.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
6. The/ looks/ bored/ woman/ traffic/ at/ has
to/ the/ that/ she/ wait.
………………………………………………
……………………………………
2. Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words
1. gloves/ warm/ that

3. grandmother/ lucky money/ give

…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………

…………………………………………..
………………………………………………
………………………………………………

2. Christmas/ party/ happy

…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………

13

III. Test practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change
the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order.
1. street/ repair

4. cheap/ look

the cloth which is looked by the woman is
………………………………………………
cheap
………………………………………………
5. modern/ building

the………………………………………………
street which have employer is repairing
……………………………………………….
2. tree/ decorate

the tree that is placed in the classroom is decorated by………………………………………………
the
thestudents
building which is next to the car is
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
modern
……………………………………………….
3. buy/ car
6. volunteer/ teach

the car which was bought by the customer is………………………………………………..
red
………………………………………………
the volunteer who is teaching for the child is
………………………………………………
wearing a blue shirt
………………………………………………..
14


LESSON 3: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 3
(WHOSE + QUANTITY & QUALITY)
A-LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Possessive pronoun “whose”
In possessive adjective clauses, the relative pronoun whose replaces a possessive word such as
Mary’s, his, our, their, the company’s, or its. Possessive adjective clauses can follow the subject
or the object pattern.
In the subject pattern, the whose + noun phrase is the subject of the adjective clause. In the object
pattern, the whose + noun phrase is the object in the adjective^ clause.
Notes
1. Some writers feel that whose should be used to refer only to people. For animals and
things, they recommend using of which. Compare:
I returned the book whose cover was torn.
I returned the book, the cover of which was torn.
Other writers use whose in all but the most formal writing (such as legal documents).
2. When whose + noun is the subject of an adjective clause, the verb agrees with that noun.
She takes care of two children whose mother works at night.
(The verb works is singular to agree with mother.)
She takes care of two children whose parents work at night.

(The verb work is plural to agree with parents.)
2. Phrases of quantity and quality
A relative pronoun can occur in phrases of quantity and quality.
Quantity Relative Pronouns
some of whom
all of whom
each of which
both of which,etc.

He gave two answers, both of which were correct.
The top students, all of whom graduated with
honors, received scholarships.
Quality Relative Pronouns

the best of whom
the oldest of whom
the most important of
which, etc.

She has three daughters, the oldest of whom is
studying abroad.
The comedian’s jokes, the funniest of which 1 had
heard before,were about politics.

B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Rewrite the sentences
black curly hair: tóc xoăn đen
1. Nam is the boy with black curly hair.
--> The boy who
...

is black curly hair is Nam
2. The man seems very lonely because his wife and children are away
--> The man ...
3. I went to 2 telephone boxes but they were both out of order
boxes: cái hộp

15


--> I went ....................... worked
4. The city has sixteen schools. Two of them are junior colleges.
junior college: cao đẳng
-> The city has sixteen schools, two of …………………………….
5. Last night the orchestra played three symphonies. One of them was Beethoven’s Seventh. orchestra:
dàn nhạc
---> …………………………………. ......................
symphonies: giao hưởng
6. I tried on six pairs of shoes. I liked none of them.
pairs: cặp
tried on six pairs of shoes none
of which i liked
---> i………………………………….
......................
7. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers. majority: số đông
the village has around 200 people
majority of whom are farmers
---> ………………………………….
......................
8. That company currently has five employees. All of them are computer experts. currently: hiện nay
company currently has ......................

five employees all of whom are computer experts
---> That
………………………………….
9. After the riot, over one hundred people were taken to the hospital. Many of them had been
innocent bystanders. người ngoài cuộc vô tội
---> …………………………………. ......................
10. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.
---> ………………………………….
......................
the man whose wallet was stolen
called the police
11. I met the woman. Her husband is the president of the corporation. tập đoàn
---> ………………………………….
......................
i met the woman whose husband
is the president of the corporation
12. The professor is excellent. I am taking her course.
the professor whose course ......................
i am talking is excellent
---> ………………………………….
13. Mr. North teaches a class for students. Their native language is not English. native: tự nhiên
Mr. North teaches a class for......................
students whose native language is not english
---> ………………………………….
14. The people were nice. We visited their house.
the people whose house we......................
visited were nice
---> ………………………………….
15. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee.
spilled: làm đổ

i apologized to the woman whose
coffee i spilled
---> ………………………………….
......................

C-PRACTICEIN TOEIC
I. Language building
Picture 1

1. The woman whose tire ……………is
calling the telephone.

2. The woman whose baby
……………..has a flat tire.

16


Picture 2

Picture 3

3. The people whose dog is ………………is 5. The children whose teacher is explaining
exercising.
looks ……………..
4. The people are walking the dog whose
color is …

6. The teacher is explaining to the boy whose
book is ……………

II. Tactic Practice
1. Reorder the words to make a meaningful sentence.

Picture 1

1. The/ whose bag/ to carry/ woman/ big/ is/
very/ is trying/ it/ upstairs.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
2. There/ is/ a/ whose /heavy/ bag/ woman/
looks.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
Picture 2

3. The man/ standing/ is cooking/ whose/ next
to/ family/ is/ him.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
4. The man/ is/ both of them/ cooking/ wife/
and/ next to/ daughter/ with/ his/ are standing/
him.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
17


Picture 3

5. The man/ cleaning/ whose friend/ is sleeping/
is/ the wall.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
6. The/ husband/ woman/ resting/ is/ cleaning/
whose/ is.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………

2. Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words
1. read/ interest/ whose

……………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
……………………………………………

3. hands/ men/ stand

………………………………………………….
………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………

2. women/ both/ cheap

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..
18

III. Test practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change
the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order.
1. women/ yoga

4. grandmother/ lucky money

……………………………………………….
………………………………………………
2. move/ surface

………………………………………………
………………………………………………
5. umbrellas/ all

………………………………………………
……………………………………………..

………………………………………………
……………………………………………….
3. eat/ party

6. woman/ street

………………………………………………
……………………………………………

………………………………………………..
……………………………………………….

19


LESSON 4: NOUN CLAUSES
A-LANGUAGE FOCUS
A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun. A noun clause is often part of an
independent clause, where it can be a subject or an object.
What the newspaper reportedwas incorrect.
Subject Noun clause
People once believed that the world was flat.
Object
A noun clause can also follow certain adjectives and nouns.
We were happy that the semester was over.
Adjective
Who first challenged the belief that the world was flat?
Noun
There are three kinds of noun clauses:
1. that clauses, which begin with the word that
2. if/whether clauses, which begin with the words whether or if
3. question clauses, which begin with a question word, such as who, what, where, when, or how
1.That clauses

2. If/ whether clauses

20


3. Question clauses

Note:

B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Write that-clauses

1. Tim hasn’t been able to make any friends.
That Tim hasn't been able to make any friends is obvious
……………………………………………………………………
2. Drug abuse can ruin one’s health.
That Drug abuse can ruin one's health is true
……………………………………………………………………
3. Some women do not earn equal pay for equal work.
It is a fact that some women do not earn equal pay for equal work
……………………………………………………………………
4. The earth revolves around the sun.
It is a pity that the earth revolves around the run
……………………………………………………………………
21


5. Irene, who is an excellent student, failed her entrance examination.
……………………………………………………………………
6. Smoking can cause cancer.
it is true that smoking can cause cancer
……………………………………………………………………
7. English is the principal language of the business community throughout much of the
world
it is obvious that English is the principal language of the business community ...
……………………………………………………………………

2. Write if-clause and question clauses

1. How much does this book cost?
I don't know how much this book costs
……………………………………………………………………
2. When is Flight 62 expected to arrive?
i wonder when flight 62 is expected to arrive
……………………………………………………………………
3.Where is the nearest phone?
i'm not sure where the nearest phone is
……………………………………………………………………
4.Is this word spelled correctly?
if this word is spelled correctly is obvious
……………………………………………………………………
5. What time is it?
……………………………………………………………………
i wonder what time it is
6. Does this bus go downtown?
if this bus goes downtown is true
……………………………………………………………………
7.Is this information correct?
i don't know this information is correct
……………………………………………………………………
8.Whose pen is this?
i wonder whose pen this is
……………………………………………………………………

B- PRACTICE IN TOEIC
I. Building Language
a- Give some words which may be used to describe pictures 1-3. Compare with your friends
b- Complete the following about pictures 1-3 with the suitable words
Picture 1

Picture 2

1. He knows how
to…………………………..
2. That he can play golf is
……………………………………

3. The girl knows that she has to
……………………exam.
4. She doesn’t know
what……………………………………….
22


Picture 3

5. The girl is practising what she
…………………
6. It is obvious that the girl
can……………………..
play piano

II. Tactic Practice

1. Reorder the words to make a meaningful sentence.
Picture 1
1.They/how/ are/ asking/ car/ much/ the/ is.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………

2. They/ whether/ car/ wonder/ they/ buy/
should/ the.
………………………………………………
…………………………
Picture 2
3. They/ the/ tree/ know/ decorate/ how/ to.

i don't
know how to they are decorate the tree
………………………………………………
………………………………………………

4. It/ is/ spring/ apparent/ coming/ that/ the/ is.

It ………………………………………………
is apparent that the spring is coming
…….………………………………………..

Picture 3
5. The/ fix/ workers/ are/ they/ doing/ what/
road/ can/ the.

what are the workers fix

………………………………………………
………………………………………………
6. They/ don’t/ finish/ know/ when/ work/
they/ can/ their
………………………………………………
………………………………………………

23


2. Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words
1. heavy/ lift/ athletic

……………………………………………
……………………………………………
………………………………………………
……………………………………………..
…………………………………………

2. look/ what/ man

……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
…………………………………………

3. explain/ teacher/ help
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
…………………………………………

III. Test practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change

the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order.
1. focus/ study
2. look/ say

24