Nghiên cứu, chế tạo nhựa sinh học từ hạt mít

45B, 2020

Khoa Cơng

khí


khóa. N
.

Abstract. In this article, the authors synthesized and analyzed research papers that dealt with the fabrication
and characterization of starch-based bioplastics. As the first step, some fruit-seeds were investigated for
starch supply ability. Results revealed that compared to durian-seed and avocado-seed, jack fruit-seed had
the highest starch ratio. Furthermore, it was not only easy to collect but also cheap or even free of charge.
Afterward, a starch-based bioplastic fabrication procedure was synthesized from the literature review. From
preliminary tests, plasticizers were sufficiently selected, including H 2O, glycerol, natri bicarbonate and acid
citric. Four kinds of bioplastic utilizing different combinations of these plasticizers were then fabricated to
study the effect of them as well as characterize the properties of the corresponding bioplastics. After that,
based on ASTM D412 type A standard, a mold and a cutting tool for dog-bone sample making were
designed and fabricated. Using these dog-bone samples, tensile results showed that the hardness of the
fabricated bioplastic was positively proportional to the ratio of the starch. It is worth noting that the
plasticizing was not able to completely occur with too much percentage of starch. While bioplastics were
currently made with poor mechanical properties compared to petroleum-based resins, their environmental
compatibility and high potential added value promise to be the materials of the future.
Keywords. Bioplastic, Starch extraction, Jack-fruit seed, Plasticizer, Thermoplastic, Environmental
compatibility.

1
[1]

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58

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protein [1].
[2, 3]

[1, 3]

[1]
(CO2
[2].

các lo i polymer s n xu t t tài nguyên có th tái t o [1]
[4, 5]

[4]

[2]

[1, 2]

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59

[4]
[4]
chúng.
4

PLA có

[4].
[6, 7]
nh
Favis [8]
[10]

[11]

tác

[12-14]
[15, 16],
[17, 18]

[19, 20]

[2, 21, 22]

[23, 24]

Lan [25]
[26]
ay HDPE.
[27]
phosphate và citrates. Fridman và Sorokina [28]

[29]
[30]
[31]
[32].
t. X. Q. Mo và X. Z. Sun [33]
[34] thì d
[35]
[36]
[1].

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[37, 38].

[39]
-

[41]. Công

[41]
[41].
nhiên [42].

t cao

2 V T LI
2.1 V t li u:
a. H t mít
[2]. Trong

[2]. Hàm l

[2]
ác nhóm hydroxyl
[2].
b. Glycerol
(292

C

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n hóa q trình lipid hóa (triglyceride) thành acid béo
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61

[1].
c. Acid citric
plasticized thermoplastic starch (SEM).
acid citric (hình 2).
Các
[43].

Hình 2. Liên k t gi a phân t acid citric, glycerol và tinh b t [43]

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cellulose

này
glycerol, polyethylen glycol
[44].
d. Baking soda
3

natri metabisulfite (Na2S2O5
[45].
2.2

,

B ng 1. T l thành ph n nguyên li u các m u nh a

Thành ph n

Tinh b t

Acid citric

Baking Soda

Tinh b t

Glycerol

Tinh b t+Glycerol

Tinh b t+Glycerol

H 2O

3.0:1

1

5

12.5

2.75:1

100

100

100

3.5:1
T l

2.5:1

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63
B ng 2. Kh

Thành Ph n

ng nguyên li u các m u nh a

Tinh b t
h t mít
(g)

Glycerol

(g)

Acid citric
(g)

Baking Soda
(g)

H 2O
(g)

M u1

20

5.71

0.25

1.28

160

M u2

20

6.67

0.26

1.33

160

M u3

20

7.27

0.27

1.36

160

M u4

20

8.00

0.28

1.40

160

M u nh a

[16]
0

(SCILOGEX model MS-H-S)

,

0

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Hình 5. Khay nh

c ph lên l p màng PE

Hình 7. Cho khay vào t s y 55 0C

Hình 6. H n h p nh a d

c tráng b ng trên khay

Hình 8. Nh a sinh h c sau khi s y khô

3
U - CAN DYNATEX INC TYPE UT

a. D p c t m u
Hình 9. M

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b. M
c d p trên máy

t


65

4

K T QU VÀ TH O LU N
,

M u nh a

t. Nguyên nhân

T l 2.5:1

T l 2.75:1

T l 3.0:1

T l 3.5:1

ng su

3.39

4.34

4.00

5.15

Bi n d

0.29

0.13

0.33

0.25

12.70

33.38

12.43

20.06

29.13

12.60

33.33

25.20

1.375

1.350

1.403

1.410

Thông s

Mô-

i E (MPa)

giãn dài A (%)
T tr ng Density (g/cm3)

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và ngồi

30% glycerol. Cịn c
4.87

5

K T LU N

cellulose
P

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