TED KINGDOM Thuyết trình môn Đa dạng Tiếng Anh

UNITED KINGDOM


Group 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Lê Duy Tuyết Mai
Nguyễn Thúy Phượng
Trần Nguyễn Như Quỳnh
Nguyễn Mạnh Hoàng Duy
Quách Đinh Tuyết Nhi
Nguyễn Thị Sâm

187NA15817
187NA00560
187NA10017
187NA00102
187NA00477
187NA00587


SCOTLAND
NORTHERN
IRELAND

ENGLAND

WALES


Table of Contents

01

ENGLAND

02 SCOTLAND
03 IRELAND
04 WALES


01

ENGLAND
Terms used to refer to the English
language spoken and written in
England include: English English and
Anglo-English


ENGLISH IN ENGLAND
Pronunciation
Grammar

Lexical

3 main parts

ENGLAND – PRONUNCIATION
Southern England
In the south-east, the broad A is normally used before a /f/, /s/ or
/θ/: words such as "cast" and "bath" are pronounced /kɑːst/, /bɑːθ/
rather than /kæst/, /bæθ/. This sometimes occurs before /nd/: it is

used in "command" and "demand" but not in "brand" or "grand".
In the south-west, an /aː/ sound in used in these words but also in

words that take /æ/ in RP; there is no trap–bath split but both
are pronounced with an extended fronted vowel.


ENGLAND – PRONUNCIATION
Northern England
Northern English tends not to have /ʌ/ (strut, but, etc.) as a
separate vowel.
The accents of Northern England generally do not use a /ɑː/. So
cast is pronounced [kast] rather than the [kɑːst] pronunciation of

most southern accents.
For many speakers, the remaining instances of RP /ɑː/ instead
becomes [aː]: for example, in the words palm, cart, start, tomato.

The vowel in dress, test, pet, etc. is slightly more open,
transcribed by Wells as [ɛ] rather than [e].

ENGLAND – GRAMMAR
In British English, people use the present perfect to speak

about a past action that they consider relevant to the present.
A singular or plural verb can be used with a noun that refers
to a group of people or things (a collective noun).

The past participle of the verb get is got.
People often use Shall I ...? to offer to do something and/or
Shall we ...? to make a suggestion.


When American and British people
meet, the first obvious difference
is their accent, the pronunciation
of words. However, at a deeper and
less apparent level, vocabulary
differences give the right to treat
the two varieties as two
completely different languages.

ENGLAND –
LEXICAL


British English

American English

trousers

pants

flat

apartment

bonnet (the front of the car)

hood

boot (the back of the car)

trunk

lorry

truck

university

college

holiday

vacation

jumper

sweater

crisps

chips

chips

French fries

trainers

sneakers

fizzy drink

soda


02

SCOTLAND

Scottish English (Scottish Gaelic:
Beurla Albannach) is the set of
varieties of the English language
spoken in Scotland. The
transregional, standardised
variety is called Scottish
Standard English or
Standard Scottish

English (SSE).


ENGLISH IN SCOTLAND
Phonology

Grammar

Lexical
Scotticisms


SCOTLAND
PHONOLOGY: Vowels
Scottish English lacks about 5 English vowels :

Scottish speakers don't use a schwa sound: the
sound in ‘the’ same as the sound in ‘bit’ .
‘Bird’ and ‘heard’ are not homophones (the vowel in
‘heard’ is the same as the vowel in ‘bet’ and the vowel
in ‘bird’ can be the same as the vowel in ‘but’ or ‘bit’
depending on the accent and gender of the speaker.
The same as the sound in ‘bit’. No difference
between front and back sounds.


SCOTLAND
PHONOLOGY: Consonants
Scottish English is a rhotic accent,
meaning /r/ is pronounced in the syllable

coda.
There is a distinction between/w/ and
/wh/ in word pairs such as witch and
which.
The phoneme /x/ is common in names =>
Some Scottish speakers use it in words of
Greek origin as well, such as technical,
patriarch.


SCOTLAND - GRAMMAR
The
progressive
verb forms are
used rather
more
frequently
than in other
varieties of
standard
English
- I'm wanting
a drink.

Speakers often
use prepositions
differently:
the compound
preposition
off of

- Take that off of
the table.
- I was waiting
on you (instead
of "waiting for
you”).

In
colloquial
speech
shall and
ought are
wanting,
must is
marginal
for
obligation
and may is
rare.


SCOTLAND
LEXICAL SCOTTICISMS
Scottish English has
inherited a number
of lexical items from
Scots, which are
comparatively
rare in other forms of
standard English:

wee
-small

brawfine

janitorschool laddie/lassieyoung boy/girl

why not?why no?

spailsplinter
muckle-big

bonniepretty

kirk-church

bairn
-child

pinkie-little
finger


03

IRELAND

Irish (Gaeilge) is considered an important part of Irish
culture and heritage. It serves as a community language

in the west and south, Gaeltacht.
Irish is recognized as the basic national and official
language of the Republic of Ireland.


IRELAND ENGLISH
Grammar

Lexical
Phonology


IRELAND
Phonology
Irish phonology has been studied since
the late 19th century. Almost all
consonants come in pairs, with one
having a "broad" pronunciation and the
other a "slender" one.
Broad consonants are either velarized
(for example, /k, ɡ/).
Slender consonants are palatalized.

The meaning of a word can change if a
broad consonant is substituted for a
slender consonant.


IRELAND - Grammar
Irish grammar is more complicated than English grammar.

Irish is a “VSO” (verb-subject-object) language.

“The dog ate the food.”
Subject

Verb

Object

“D’ith an madra an bia”

As Gaelic has no word for ‘yes’ or ‘no’, questions are
answered using the same verb that was present in the
question.
- “Do you have a pen?”
- “I do.”


IRELAND - Lexical
There are many interesting
differences in the vocabulary of
the two versions of English.
UK ENGLISH

IRISH ENGLISH

BACON

Rashers

PENCIL SHARPENER

Pencil pairer

TRAINERS

Runners

POLICE

Gardai


04

WALES


Shortlist of particularly salient
features
o
o
o

the ‘sing-song’ or ‘lilting’ intonation, particularly in the ‘Valleys’.

o

a Welsh consonant: voiceless /l/ when the spelling has <ll>, as in Lloyd,
Llangollen, used in place-names, personal names and a few Welshbased words

o
o

the invariant tag isn’t it?, as in You are enjoying yourself, isn’t it?

long medial consonants as in ready, happy, knitting ['nıt:ıŋ]
schwa in STRUT words, making a large untidy room homophonous
with a large and tidy room and seagull rhyming with eagle (Wells
1982:381). Welsh typically has a very similar vowel. On the other hand,
schwa does not occur in final checked syllables, as in Welshmen
['wεlʃmεn]

the fronting of sentence constituents, for example Singing they were.


WALES ENGLISH
Phonology
Grammar

Lexical