Beginning Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Administration pptx

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Beginning
Microsoft
®
SQL Server
®
2008 Administration
Professional Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Integration
Services
978-0-470-24795-2
This book shows developers how to master the 2008 release of SSIS, covering topics
including data warehousing with SSIS, new methods of managing the SSIS platform,
and improved techniques for ETL operations.
Professional SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services
978-0-470-24201-8
This book teaches solutions architects, designers, and developers how to use
Microsoft’s reporting platform to create reporting and business intelligence solutions.
Professional Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services
978-0-470-24798-3
This shows readers how to build data warehouses and multidimensional databases,
query databases, and how to use Analysis Services and other components of SQL
Server to provide end-to-end solutions.
Professional Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Programming
978-0-470-25702-9
This updated new edition of Wrox’s best-selling SQL Server book has been expanded
to include coverage of SQL Server 2008’s new datatypes, new indexing structures,
manageability features, and advanced time-zone handling.
Professional Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Administration
978-0-470-24796-9
A how-to guide for experienced database administrators, this book is loaded with

unique tips, tricks, and workarounds for handling the most difficult SQL Server
administration issues. The authors discuss data capture, performance studio, Query
Governor, and new techniques for monitoring and policy management.
Beginning Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Programming
978-0-470-25701-2
This comprehensive introduction to SQL Server covers the fundamentals and moves on to discuss how to create and change tables, manage
keys, write scripts, work with stored procedures, and much more.
Beginning Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Administration
978-0-470-44091-9
This book teaches both novice and experienced database administrators how to leverage all of the features of SQL Server to deliver solid,
reliable performance. All features and techniques are illustrated with real-world examples and step-by-step instructions. With this book, you’ll
develop the skills required to successfully administer a SQL Server 2008 database, regardless of your experience level.
Beginning Database Design Solutions
978-0-470-38549-4
This introduces IT professionals—both DBAs and database developers—to database design. It explains what databases are, their goals,
and why proper design is necessary to achieve those goals. It tells how to decide what should be in a database to meet the application’s
requirements. It tells how to structure the database so the database performs well while minimizing the chance for error.
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Leiter ffirs.tex V2 - 03/25/2009 1:24pm Page i
Beginning Microsoft
®
SQL Server
®
2008 Administration
Introduction xxvii
Chapter 1: Introducing SQL Server 2008
1
Chapter 2: Installing SQL Server 2008
25
Chapter 3: SQL Server 2008 Tools

51
Chapter 4: SQL Server 2008 Storage Architecture
111
Chapter 5: SQL Server 2008 Databases
129
Chapter 6: SQL Server 2008 Security
201
Chapter 7: Configuring SQL Server Network Communication
261
Chapter 8: Automating Administrative Tasks
285
Chapter 9: Disaster Prevention and Recovery
363
Chapter 10: Monitoring SQL Server
401
Chapter 11: Optimizing SQL Server
473
Chapter 12: SQL Server High Availability
553
Chapter 13: Introduction to Replication
589
Chapter 14: Introduction to the Common Language Runtime
607
Chapter 15: An Administrator’s Guide to Business Intelligence
639
Chapter 16: Introduction to SQL Server Integration Services
645
Chapter 17: Introduction to SQL Server Analysis Services
677
Chapter 18: Introduction to SQL Server Reporting Services

707
Chapter 19: Introduction to Service Broker
733
Index
755
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Beginning
Microsoft
®
SQL Server
®
2008 Administration
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Beginning
Microsoft
®
SQL Server
®
2008 Administration
Chris Leiter
Dan Wood
Albert Boettger
Michael Cierkowski
Wiley Publishing, Inc.

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Beginning Microsoft
®
SQL Server
®
2008 Administration
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN: 978-0-470-44091-9
Manufactured in the United States of America
10987654321
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Beginning Microsoft SQL server 2008 administration / Chris Leiter [et al.].
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-44091-9 (paper/website)
1. SQL server. 2. Database management. 3. Relational databases. I. Leiter,
Chris, 1975-
QA76.9.D3B4465 2009
005.4’476 dc22
2009004135
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections
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For my wife, Bridget Your patience, love, and support have made everything I have, and everything I am, possible.
Thanks for believing in me
— Chris Leiter

I dedicate my contribution of this book to my dad, Reginald Kaaikaula Wood, who lost his battle with cancer while
I was writing this book. He was a great encouragement and proud that his son was a published author even though
he said, ‘‘I don’t understand a darn word of it.’’ My dad left an amazing legacy and he will be missed.
— Dan Wood
I dedicate this book to my daughter, Rachel. Watching you grow and re-experiencing the beauty and wonder of the
world through your eyes, is and has been the greatest joy in my life. So few years to give you wings to fly.
I love you.
— Albert Boettger
I would like to dedicate this accomplishment to my daughter, Alina. You are the best thing that has ever happened
to me and I love you very much.
— Michael Cierkowski
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About the Authors
Chris Leiter (Auburn, WA) is a Senior Consultant for Hitachi Consulting. His primary focus is Microsoft’s
Business Intelligence and Performance Management products. Chris has been a Microsoft Certified Pro-
fessional since 1997 and a Microsoft Certified Trainer since 2001. He currently holds the MCSE: Security,
MCITP: Database Administrator, and ITIL: Foundation certifications. Chris is also co-author of Beginning
SQL Server 2005 Administration by Dan Wood, Chris Leiter, and Paul Turley from Wrox Press 2006. When
not writing about or working with Microsoft SQL Server, he enjoys watching movies from his extensive
DVD collection with his wife, Bridget, and their cat, Cosmo. Chris contributed Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 12,
13, 15, 16, 17, and 19.
Dan Wood (Silverdale, WA) is the senior database administrator for Avalara, a sales tax compliance
company where he both administers and develops database solutions for several enterprise applications
that handle global address validation, tax rate calculation, and sales tax remittance for e-commerce and
ERP clients. He has been working with SQL Server as a DBA, consultant, and trainer since 1999. Dan
was a co-author on Beginning Transact-SQL with SQL Server 2000 and 2005 by Paul Turley and Dan Wood
(2005) and Beginning T-SQL with Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and 2008 by Paul Turley and Dan Wood (2008)

and the lead author of Beginning SQL Server 2005 Administration, all from WROX press. Dan contributed
Chapters 4 and 9.
Albert Boettger (Federal Way, WA) is the Senior Software Engineer and Database Administrator for
Sagem Morpho, Inc. Albert has more than 20 years of experience as a solution developer, database archi-
tect, and software engineer. Albert contributed Chapters 10 and 11.
Michael Cierkowski (Maple Valley, WA) currently works as an instructor for Netdesk Corporation,
with a primary focus on SQL Server Administration. Michael has been a Microsoft Certified Professional
and Trainer since 2000. He currently holds his MCSD, MCDBA, MCAD, MCSA, MCPD: (Windows,
Web, and Enterprise), and MCITP: (Database Administrator, Database Developer, BI Developer, Server
Administrator, and Enterprise Administrator). Michael contributed Chapters 5, 14, and 18.
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Credits
Executive Editor
Bob Elliott
Development Editor
Maureen Spears
Technical Editor
Jim Adams
Senior Production Editor
Debra Banninger
Copy Editor
Cate Caffrey
Editorial Manager
Mary Beth Wakefield
Production Manager
Tim Tate
Vice President and Executive

Group Publisher
Richard Swadley
Vice President and Executive
Publisher
Barry Pruett
Associate Publisher
Jim Minatel
Project Coordinator, Cover
Lynsey Stanford
Proofreader
Nancy Carrasco
Indexer
J&JIndexing
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Acknowledgments
First and foremost, I thank my wife, Bridget, for once again supporting and encouraging me through this
process. It’ll be nice to have our evenings back. Thanks also to Dan Wood, for letting me take the reins
on this one. I’m really glad that you were able to stay on as a Contributing Author. Michael Cierkowski
and Albert Boettger also deserve my gratitude for stepping up to the plate and co-authoring this book.
Both of you are absolutely brilliant, and I’m lucky to know you. I also thank Lance Baldwin, one of the
best people I’ve had the privilege of working for (twice!), and Paul Turley, who helped Dan and me
get introduced to Wiley. And speaking of Wiley, I must also thank Bob Elliott for his support on this
project and faith that I could pull it all together; Maureen Spears for having the patience of a saint; and
Jim Adams, who never let anything get by him (and provided a huge contribution to Chapter 17!). There
are several other people whom I would like to thank for helping me in one way or another during the
process of creating this book. They include (in no particular order) Jeff Sparks, for constantly feeding my
ego; Rick Kinglsan, for setting the bar and letting me raise it; D.J. Norton, for being as much of a gadget

geek as I am; Stephanie Gulick, for being so supportive; everyone at Hitachi Consulting; and, of course,
the Banz and Leiter families, who put up with me working through yet another holiday season.
— Chris Leiter
A great deal of thanks to Chris Leiter for taking over this book and being an outstanding Project Lead.
Special thanks to all the wonderful people at Wrox for their patience for missed deadlines and support
when my dad was ill. Lastly, but most importantly, my gratitude and undying love goes to my beautiful
wife, Sarah, who supported me through yet another book project and expressed her pride and love while
spending many nights and weekends without me. Thank you, my love.
— Dan Wood
A special thanks to Chris Leiter for convincing me to join the team and introducing me to Wiley Publish-
ing. You were right. Thank you to Jeff Sparks for being a friend and mentor, and for always pushing me
to explore and master new technologies. Your opinions and insights were invaluable. Thanks to every-
one at Wiley Publishing who helped to make this book a reality, and especially to Bob Elliot for all his
hard work. Thanks, Maureen, for keeping us all on schedule and answering all of our questions (kind of
like herding cats), and to Jim for his excellent technical editing. To my loving wife, Elise, and beautiful
daughter, Rachel, thank you for your love, patience, and understanding. You mean more to me than
words can convey.
— Albert C. Boettger
First, I thank both Dan and Chris for considering me for this project. It has been a wonderful experience
working with you, and I hope we can do it again sometime. I also thank everyone at Wrox for making the
entire process a fairly painless affair. And finally, I thank my wife, Stacy, for dealing with many nights
of neglect while I worked on my many projects. I love you more each and every day. A task that I didn’t
think was possible.
— Michael Cierkowski
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Contents
Introduction xxvii

Chapter 1: Introducing SQL Server 2008 1
A Condensed History of SQL Server 1
In the Beginning 1
The Evolution of a Database 1
Microsoft Goes It Alone 2
BI for the Masses 2
2008 and Beyond! 3
What Is SQL Server 2008? 3
Database Engine 3
Integration Services 5
Analysis Services 5
Reporting Services 6
Service Broker 6
Data Tier Web Services 6
Replication Services 6
Multiple Instances 6
Database Mail 7
A Note about Notification Services 7
SQL Server 2008 Editions 7
SQL Server Compact 3.5 SP1 8
SQL Server 2008 Express Edition 9
SQL Server 2008 Web Edition 9
SQL Server 2008 Workgroup Edition 10
SQL Server 2008 Standard Edition 10
SQL Server 2008 Enterprise Edition 10
SQL Server 2008 Architecture 11
SQL Server 2008 Communication 11
SQL Server 2008 Services 13
SQL Server 2008 Database Objects 15
Server 15

Database 16
Schema 16
Object Names 16
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Contents
SQL Server 2008 Databases 18
System Databases 18
User Databases 20
Distribution Databases 20
SQL Server 2008 Database Storage 20
Data Files and Filegroups 21
Log Files 21
SQL Server Security 22
Windows Authentication Mode 22
SQL Server and Windows Authentication Mode (Mixed Mode) 22
Summary 23
Chapter 2: Installing SQL Server 2008 25
SQL Server Installation Planning 25
Hardware Considerations 26
Processor Considerations 27
Memory Considerations 27
Storage Considerations 28
Virtualization Considerations 32
Software Prerequisites 32
SQL Server Installation Center 34
Setup Support Rules (for Setup Support Files) 34
Setup Support Rules (for Installation) 36
Feature Selection 37
Installing to a Windows Cluster 45

Configuring the Virtual Server Name 46
Sample Databases 49
Installation Review 50
Summary 50
Chapter 3: SQL Server 2008 Tools 51
SQL Server Management Studio 52
Tool Windows 53
Toolbars 65
SQL Server Management Studio Configuration 82
Log File Viewer 90
SQL Server B usiness Intelligence Development Studio 91
SQL Server Profiler 93
SQL Server Trace 93
Trace Properties 94
xvi
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Contents
Database Engine Tuning Advisor 97
General Tab 98
Tuning Options Tab 99
SQL Server Configuration Manager 100
Reporting Services Configuration Manager 100
Command-Line Tools 102
SQLCMD 102
Bulk Copy Program (BCP) 104
PowerShell 106
Summary 109
Chapter 4: SQL Server 2008 Storage Architecture 111
The Resource Database 112

The
sys
Schema 112
SQL Server Database Physical Structure 113
Physical Storage Data Types 114
FILESTREAM Data 118
Other Data Types 119
SQL Server Database Files 119
Data Files 120
Transaction Log 123
Summary 127
Chapter 5: SQL Server 2008 Databases 129
System Databases 129
User Databases 129
Database Planning 129
Capacity Planning 130
Creating Databases 131
Getting Started 132
Creating a New Database 132
Schemas 152
Tables 155
Indexes 165
Enforcing Data Integrity 181
Database Diagrams 190
Views 191
System Views 191
Synonyms 192
Programming Objects 193
xvii
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Contents
Stored Procedures 193
Functions 193
Triggers 194
Assemblies 196
Types 196
Defaults 199
Rules 200
Summary 200
Chapter 6: SQL Server 2008 Security 201
SQL Server Authentication Modes 201
Changing the Authentication Mode from Management Studio 202
Using the
xp_instance_regwrite
Extended Stored Procedure 202
Principals 204
Logins 205
Credentials 210
Server Roles 212
Database Users 214
Fixed Database Roles 219
Permissions 225
Server Permissions 229
Database Scope Permissions 235
Schema Scope Permissions 238
Using SQL Server Management Studio for Managing Permissions 240
SQL Server Encryption 243
Extensible Key Management (EKM) 246
Encryption Tools 246

Best Practices 257
Summary 259
Chapter 7: Configuring SQL Server Network Communication 261
SQL Server 2008 Network Protocols 261
Shared Memory 262
Named Pipes 262
TCP/IP 262
Virtual Interface Adapter (VIA) 264
SQL Native Client Configuration 264
SQL Server Endpoints 265
Default TSQL Endpoints 266
TSQL TCP Endpoints 269
Database Mirroring Endpoints 270
xviii
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Contents
SOAP Endpoints 272
Service Broker Endpoints 278
Securing Endpoints 278
Summary 284
Chapter 8: Automating Administrative Tasks 285
Policy-Based Management 286
Targets 286
Facets 287
Conditions 287
Policies 288
Policy Categories 289
Effective Policies 289
Central Management Servers 292

Database Mail 294
How It Works 294
How to Configure Database Mail 295
Configuring Database Mail Options 300
Managing Profiles and Accounts 301
Guidelines for Deleting Mail Objects 309
Sending Mail 310
Managing Messages 314
Event Notifications 315
SQL Server Agent 316
Configuring the SQL Server Agent Service 316
SQL Server Agent Security 321
Creating Jobs 323
Creating Schedules 335
Creating Operators 342
Creating Alerts 345
Creating Proxies 353
Multi-Server Jobs 356
Maintenance Plans 358
Maintenance Plan Wizard 358
Maintenance Plan Designer 358
Best Practices 360
Summary 361
Chapter 9: Disaster Prevention and Recovery 363
Chapter Preparation 363
Database Recovery Models 365
xix
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Contents

Full Recovery Model 365
Bulk-Logged Recovery Model 366
Simple Recovery Model 366
SQL Server 2008 Database Backup 367
Backup Devices 367
SQL Server 2008 Backup Types 369
Full Backup 369
Differential Backup 370
File/Filegroup Backup 370
Transaction Log Backup 371
Partial Backup 371
Copy Only Backup 372
Backup Options 372
Backup Stripe 372
Mirrored Backup 372
Compressed Backup 373
WITH
Options 373
Backup Strategies 375
Full Backup Only 375
Full Backup with Differential 376
Full Backup with Transaction Log 376
Full and Differential Backup with Transaction Log 377
File and Filegroup Backup 377
Filegroup with Differential 378
Partial Backup 378
Backup Summary 378
Restoring Databases 379
Restore Process 379
Delaying Recovery 380

RESTORE
Command 380
RESTORE DATABASE
database_name 381
FROM
Options 382
WITH
Clause 382
Database Restore Preparation 385
Restoring User Databases 387
Recovering System Databases 393
Database Restore Summary 395
Database Snapshots 396
Database Snapshot Limitations 398
Disaster Recovery and Database Snapshots 398
Summary 400
xx
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Contents
Chapter 10: Monitoring SQL Server 401
Performance Monitoring 401
Performance Monitoring Strategy 402
Creating a Performance Baseline 403
Tools and Techniques for Monitoring 409
Log File Viewer 410
Activity Monitor 411
System Stored Procedures 413
Using Profiler 420
Monitoring Files 427

Auditing 430
SQL Server Audit 430
Login Auditing 438
C2 Audit Mode 440
Security Audit Event Category 441
SQL Trace 442
Tracking Changes 444
Change Data Capture 444
Change Tracking 452
Data Collection 455
Terminology 456
Architecture and Processing 456
Configuring Data Collection 458
Data Collector Types 461
Data Collection Sets 461
Error Handling 465
Reporting 466
Management Data Warehouse 466
Monitoring Database Modifications 468
Data Definition Language (DDL) Triggers 469
Summary 472
Chapter 11: Optimizing SQL Server 473
Hardware Optimization 474
CPU Selection 475
Hyperthreading 475
Memory 475
Storage Options 476
Network Design 477
Virtualizing SQL Server 478
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Contents
Design Considerations 478
Database Recovery Model 479
Designing Efficient Tables 480
Declarative Referential Integrity (DRI) 485
Constraints versus Triggers 488
Deciding What to Index 488
Indexed Views and Filtered Indexes 494
Minimizing Blocking 497
Hidden Dangers of Time-Outs 498
Query Optimization 499
Execution Plans 500
Updating Statistics 504
Managing Indexes 504
Query Optimizer Hints 510
Plan Guides 512
Database Engine Tuning Advisor 517
T-SQL Optimization Tips 526
Limiting Result Sets 527
ANSI-Style Join Syntax 530
Dealing with Null Values 531
Alternatives to Cursors 533
Merge Joins 534
Grouping Sets 536
Distinct Aggregation 537
How Many Records Are in That Table? 538
Temp Tables versus Table Variables 539
Resource Governor 540

Configuring the Resource Governor 541
Monitoring the Resource Governor 545
Summary 551
Chapter 12: SQL Server High Availability 553
Introduction to High Availability 553
Failover Clustering 554
Windows Clustering — A Quick Primer 555
Clustering Components 556
Active/Passive Clustering 556
Active/Active Clustering 557
Considering Clustering 558
Log Shipping 558
Preparing for Log Shipping 558
Configuring Log Shipping with SQL Server Management Studio 558
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Contents
Configuring Log Shipping with Transact-SQL 563
Configuring Failover 571
Database Mirroring 572
Client Redirection 574
Database Mirroring Modes 574
Configuring Database Mirroring 576
Monitoring Database Mirroring 581
Managing Database Mirroring 584
Summary 587
Chapter 13: Introduction to Replication 589
Replication Overview 589
SQL Server R eplication Agents 590

Snapshot Agent 591
Log Reader Agent 591
Distribution Agent 591
Merge Agent 591
Queue Reader Agent 591
SQL Server Replication Types 591
Distributed Transactions 592
Transactional Replication 593
Snapshot Replication 594
Merge Replication 594
Oracle Replication 595
SQL Server R eplication Models 595
Single Publisher/Multiple Subscribers 595
Multiple Publishers/Single Subscriber 596
Multiple Publishers/Multiple Subscribers 596
Replication Tools 596
Filtering 596
Replicating Partitioned Tables and Indexes 598
New Publication Wizard 598
New Subscription Wizard 601
Replication Monitor 602
Summary 605
Chapter 14: Introduction to the Common Language Runtime 607
Databases and Programming 607
Is Transact-SQL Going Away? 608
.NET and the CLR 609
xxiii
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