Báo cáo khoa học: Nâng cao trình độ ngoại ngữ và chuyên môn của sinh viên các trường đại học thông qua việc dạy và học bằng song ngữ potx

NANG
CAO
TRINH
DO
NGOAI
NGU UA
CHUYEN
MON
CUA
SINH
VIEN
CAC
TRUDNG
DAI
HOC
THONG
QUA
VIEC
DAY
VA
HOC
BANG
SONG NGU
O
PGS.TS.
NGUYEN
TAN
HUNG*
H
du
het sinh vien (SV), hoc vien cao hoc d

cdc trudng dqi hqc
nude
ta rdt yeu kem ve
ngoai ngu, khdng su dung
duqc
ngoai ngu
de dqc
tdi
lieu
vd giao tiep
qudc
te trong hnh vyc
chuyen mdn cua
minh.
Li
do chu yeu Id sy tach
rdi
giua viec gidng day ngoai ngu
vdi
viec gidng
day chuyen mdn d cdc trudng dqi hqc, cao ddng.
De gdp phdn khdc
phuc
tinh
trqng ndy, bdi viet
chi
ra sy can thiet phdi gidng day chuyen mdn
bang song ngu
vd
de

xud't
nhung bien phdp, chinh
sdeh
cy the ddm bdo viec thyc hien.
1.
Nguyen nhdn
tinh
trqng yeu kem ve
ngoai ngu cua SV hien nay
Dqi
da so SV, ke cd hqc vien cao hqc, nghien
cuu
sinh hqc trong
nude
(tru
mdt
vdi
chuyen ngdnh
nhu
ngoai ngu, tin hoc.)
khong
dpc
dirge tieng
nude ngodi
ve
chuyen
mdn cua
minh,
rdt
lung

tung trong
khi
nghe
vd trd
Idi
cdc cdu hdi
phdng
van
cua cdc
cdng
ti
nude ngodi.
Nguyen nhdn
yeu
kem ve ngoai ngu khdng phdi d khd nanq
tie'p
thu cua ngudi
Viet
Nam, md Id do phuang
phdp day vd hqc, chu yeu Id sy
tach
roi
giua
day
vd hpc
ngoai
ngu vdi day vd hpc
chuyen
mdn,
Idm cho hqc sinh, SV coi ngoai ngu nhu Id

mdt
mdn
trang diem,
khdng
lien
quan gi den
chuyen mdn;
nguqc
Iqi khi day vd hqc chuyen
mdn
thi thuan tuy dung tieng
Viet,
ndi dung hqc
khdng
cd
lien
quan gi den ngoai ngu, coi tieng
Viet
dd Id mdt ngdn ngu du chuyen tdi tdt cd cdc
ndi
dung khoa hqc.
Ngodi
ra, cdn mdt nguyen nhdn khdc nua Id
chua
cd
mdt sue
ep
true tiep, truoc
het
Id

Igi ich
cd
nhdn.
Neu ye'u ngoai ngu
md
khdng dnh hudng gi
den thu nhdp cua
gidng
vien
(GV),
ket
qud
ra trudng
cua SV thi may ai (tru mdt so rdt it ngudi cd tdm
huyet) chju lao vdo cdng viec khd
nhqc
Id day vd
hqc bang ngoai ngu.
Tinh
trqng ndy khdng chi d
nude
ta md d cd nhieu
nude
khdc tren the
gidi.
2.
Mdi
lien
he giua ngoai ngu
vd

chuyen mdn
Mudn
ndng cao chd't luqng ngoai ngu cua
GV
vd SV, trudc het can phdi Idm cho hq hieu rd
vai
trd cua ngoai ngu trong viec nghien cuu, hqc
tap chuyen mdn.
Hdu
het cdc mdn khoa hqc
duqc
day trong
cdc trudng dqi hqc, cao ddng hien nay d
nude
ta
deu cd ndi
dung dugc
lay
tu gido trinh nude ngodi,
chu
yeu tu cdc ngudn tdi
lieu
tieng
Anh.
Ddi
vdi
cdc mdn khoa hqc
kT
thuqt, cdng
nghe

thdng tin
thi
khdng can phdi bdn
cdi.
Cdc mdn
kinh
re cung
vdy,
cdc chuang
trinh,
gido
trinh,
bdi gidng ve
kinh
te
vT
md,
vi
md, ke todn, qudn
trj
kinh
doanh,
tdi
chinh, ngdn hdng,
v.v
cua cdc trudng dqi
hqc
kinh
te
nude

ta hien nay deu
duqc
cap nhqt
tu
cdc ngudn
tdi
lieu
nude
ngodi,
nhdt
Id
cdc ngudn
tdi
lieu
tieng
Anh.
Rieng cdc ngdnh xd hdi nhdn
vdn,
vi dy triet hqc, chinh tri hqc
duqc
gidng
day d
nude
ta hien nay cdn cu vdo cdc tdi
lieu
tieng
Nga
duqc
djch ra tieng
Viet

khi
Lien
bang
Xd-viet
chua
tan rd. Hien nay nhieu
GV
cua chung
ta, do khdng dqc
duqc
tieng Anh nen cd khuynh
hudng bdng Idng vdi nhung ndi dung vd cdch
hieu
cu md ngay d
nude
Nga hien nay ngudi ta
dd
thay
ddi.
Cho nen, de cap nhdt chuong
trinh
vd
bdi gidng cua
minh,
GV cdc mdn khoa hqc
triet
hqc, chinh tr| hqc, xd hdi hqc cung khdng
the khdng biet den nhung thdnh tuu nghien cuu
mdi
d phuang Tdy, phdi can cu vdo cdc tdi

lieu
nghien cuu cua hq md bien soqn thdnh bdi gidng
cua
minh.
Ngay cd triet hqc phuang Ddng, nhu
triet
hqc Trung Qudc, An Dd cung
duqc
phuong
Tdy
nghien cuu rdt
kT.
Neu GV vd SV tham khdo
duqc
cdc tdi
lieu
phuang Tdy thi cdng cd hieu
biet
sdu sdc hon.
GV
yeu ngoai ngu khdng the cap nhdt bdi
gidng,
dua vdo bdi gidng nhung thdng tin mdi,
ddng
thdi
khdng cd tdi
lieu
de thyc hien cdc de
tdi
nghien cuu khoa hqc, viet bdi cho cdc tap chi

khoa hqc chuyen ngdnh. Dung Id tieng
Viet
co
khd
ndng chuyen tdi tdt cd nhung ndi dung khoa
hqc, nhung van de Id hien nay cd nhieu thuqt
ngu
triet hqc, chinh trj - xd hdi trong tieng
Viet
duqc
dich tu tieng
nude
ngodi
mdt
cdch chu quan,
*
fiai
hpc
Da
Nang
Tap chi Giao due so 251 (ki i. 12/20101
thieu
chinh
xac. Do do, cd nhieu diem khac nhau,
tham chi nham lan ddng tiec trong cdch hieu cua
chung ta so vai cdch hieu cua ngudi nuoc ngodi
ve cung mot noi dung tu tudng. Vi dy,
nhung
thudt
ngu: «chu

nghTa
thyc
dyng",
«chu
nghTa
hien
sinh",
«chu
nghTa
bdo thu",
kecd
«chu
nghTa
cdng
sdn" vd rdt
nhieu
thudt
ngu
khdc
duac
dich
sai
nguyen
nghTa
cua nd
trong
tieng
nude
ngodi.
Thi

dy, communism,
xud't
phdt
tu
tieng
latin
communis cd
nghTa
Id chung, do dd phdi dich ra
tieng
Viet Id «chu nghia cong ddng", chu
khdng
phdi Id «chu nghia cdng sdn"; pragmatism
xudt
phdt
tu
tieng
latin pragma (cd
nghTa
Id hdnh ddng,
thyc
tien)
nen neu dich
chinh
xdc phdi Id
cfiu
nghia
hdnh ddng hay triet hgc thyc tien, chu
khdng
phdi

Id
«chu
nghTa
thyc
dyng",
v.v (1).
Chung
ta bdt
chudc
cdch
dich cua
ngudi
Trung
Qudc
mot
cdch
may mdc md
khdng
chiu khd tim
hieu
xem
cdch
dich cua ho cd
chinh
xdc hay
khdng.
Ngodi ra, cd
nhieu
thudt
ngu Hdn Viet rdt khd

hieu
ddi vdi
ngudi
Viet Nam, thi dy «thdi ki qud dd",
nhung
neu truy
ngudn
gdc cua
thudt
ngu ndy tu mdt so
ngdn
ngu
nude
ngodi
nhu «transitional
period"
trong
tieng
Anh, "nepexoAHbiii
nepMo/r"
trong
tieng
Nga thi
nghTa
cua nd Id «thdi ki
chuyen
tiep",
«thdi ki
chuyen
ddi" - rdt dan gidn vd de

hieu.
Ddi
vdi SV,
viec
gidng
day vd hqc tap
chuyen
mdn
bdng
tieng
nude
ngodi
cd
nhieu
tien ich:
-
Khdng
chi
ndng
cao trinh dd
ngoai
ngu md cdn
Idm cho
viec
hqc
chuyen
mdn cua SV dqt ket qud
tdt han, bdi vi nd kich thich dugc sy hdng khdi
cua ngudi hgc, ddi hdi SV phdi nghien cuu vd
hieu biet sdu hon nhieu ndi dung khoa hgc cua

mdn hgc vd nhd Idu hon, md rdng tdm hieu biet
ve cdch ddt van de vd gidng day cdc van de ndy
trong cdc gido trinh nude ngodi; -
Giup
cho SV
dqc
hieu,
ndi dugc vd trao ddi dugc
nhung
van
de
chuyen
mdn
bdng
ngoai
ngu de sau ndy cd
the Idm
viec
vdi
ngudi
nude
ngodi
hoqc
hqc tap
d
nude
ngodi. Neu SV dd cd qud trinh hqc
chuyen
mdn
bdng

tieng
nude
ngodi
thi khi trd Idi
phdng
van cua cdc
doanh
nghiep
nude
ngodi
se cd
nhieu
thuqn
Iqi han; - Tqo co sd de SV
tiep
tyc hqc tap
tdt han d bqc cao hqc,
nghien
cuu
sinh,
nhdt
Id
rut ngdn qud trinh chudn bi ngoai ngu cho viec
hgc tap d nude ngodi.
3. Kinh
nghiem
vd
phuang
hudng
QTrung

Qudc,
Hdn
Qudc
vd
nhieu
nude
khdc,
mdt
trong
nhung
bien
phdp
cdi
cdch
gido
dye
hien
nay Id dp dyng phd bien viec gidng day
bdng song ngu (ngdn ngu qudc gia vd tieng Anh)
trong cdc trudng phd thdng vd dqi hgc (2). Hien
Tap chi Giao due so 251 (ki 1 • 12/2010)
nay d
nude
ta dd cd mdt sd
trudng
trung
hqc ca
sd vd
trung
hqc phd

thdng
day mdt sd sd mdn
khoa
hqc nhu
Todn,
Li,
Hoa
bdng
song
ngu (Viet
- Anh, Viet -
Phdp)
vua ddm bdo
duqc
chuang
trinh
gido
dye cua Bd GD-DT, vua
ndng
cao trinh
dd
ngoai
ngu cho hqc
sinh.
Cdn d bqc dqi hqc,
nhieu
trudng
d Hd Ndi,
thdnh
phd Hd Chi Minh,

Dd
Ndng
dd cd
chuang
trinh ddo tqo
qudc
te,
day cdc mdn hqc
bdng
song
ngu
hoqc
hodn
todn
bdng
tieng
nude
ngodi. Tuy
nhien,
hqc phi cua
cdc
chuang
trinh ndy rdt cao vi nhd
trudng
phdi
ton mdt
khodn
chi phi rdt Idn cho
viec
mdi GV

nude
ngodi. Vi vdy,
nhung
chuang
trinh ddo tqo
qudc
re ndy
khdng
the thu hut
duqc
nhieu
SV,
nhdt
Id SV gidi nhd
ngheo.
Do dd, ben
cqnh
viec
phdt
trien cdc
chuong
trinh ddo tqo
qudc
te,
theo
chung
tdi, nen thuc ddy viec gidng day bdng song
ngu vdi viec su dyng dqi ngu GV tqi chd cua cdc
trudng kit hqp vdi mdt sd GV thinh gidng tu cdc
trudng nude ngodi.

Hien nay d cdc
trudng
dqi hqc, sd GV cd khd
ndng
day cdc mdn
chuyen
ngdnh
bdng
song
ngu
tuy
chua
nhieu,
nhung
neu cd
chinh
sdeh
khuyen
khich tdt thi khd
ndng
ndy se
duqc
ndng
len rdt
nhieu
so vdi
hien
nay
vi
chung

ta cd mdt ddi ngu
GV
tre
hgc nude ngodi vi nhung chua su dyng hit
Hem
ndng cua
hg.
Cdn
viec
su
dyng
GV
nude
ngodi
cho den nay
chua
nhieu
vd
chua
cd
hieu
qud, chu
yeu
Id
gidng
day
ngoai
ngu phd
thdng.
Theo

chung
tdi,
nen thinh
gidng
mdt sd GV day
chuyen
mdn
bdng
tieng
Anh. De ddm bdo
viec
gidng
day cua
hq cd
hieu
qud han, nhd
trudng
can yeu cdu hq
phdi cd chuong trinh vd gidng day theo bdi gidng
da chudn bi vd cho SV dqc trudc.
Qua kinh
nghiem
gidng
day hai mdn Thit
hqc vd Chinh tri hqc
bdng
tieng
Anh cho SV
chuang
trinh ddo tqo

qudc
te cua
Trudng
Dqi
hqc kinh re, Dqi hqc Dd
Ndng
phdi hqp vdi
Trudng
Dqi
hqc
Towson,
Hoa Ki,
chung
tdi
nhdn
thd'y,
SV
thudc
ddi
tuqng
ndy tuy ddu vdo rdt
thdp,
Iqi
phdi hqc
chuyen
mdn
bdng
tieng
Anh,
nhung

nhd
cd cd
gang
Idn nen da sd cdc em
cung
dqt
duqc
ket qud
mong
mudn.
Tu
do suy ra, cdc ddi tuqng
SV hi chinh quy cua chung ta cd ddu vdo tdt hon
nhiiu, viec day vd hqc bdng song ngu Id hodn
todn co thi' thyc hien duqc.
Trong
hqc ki vua qua,
Khoa
Li
ludn
chinh
trj -
Dqi
hqc Dd
Ndng
dd dp
dyng
thi
diem
viec

gidng
day hqc
phdn
«Mdt sd
trdo
luu triet hqc
hien
dqi"
bdng
song
ngu Viet
-
Anh cho Idp
06SGC
chuyen
ban Triet hqc
ngdnh
Gido
dye Chinh tri -
Trudng
Dqi
hqc su
pham.
Tuy ke't qud
budc
ddu cd
nhieu
hqn
che do
trinh

do Anh ngu cua SV con yeu,
nhung chung toi xdc dinh ddy Id cdng viec can
phai
kien tri thuc hien. Cdng cd
nhieu
hoc
phan
dugc gidng
day
bang song
ngu thi
viec
hqc tap
cua
SV ve
chuyen
mdn vd
ngoai
ngu
cdng
cd ket
qud
tdt hon.
4.
Bien phdp vd Id
trinh
thyc hien
Tu kinh
nghiem ban ddu, chung tdi rut ra mdt
sd bien phdp vd budc di can thiet cho viec gidng

day bdng song ngu:
-
Cai cdch viec gidng day tieng Anh ca bdn
trong
cdc trudng dqi hqc,
ddnh thdi gian nhieu
hon
cho
viec luyen nghe hieu
va
giao tiep tren
Idp.
Can cu vao
tung
ddi
tuqng
SV md cd
nhung
chuong trinh khdc nhau
de gdn
ngoai
ngu vdi
nhung
ndi
dung
vd
thudt
ngu
chuyen
mdn.

-
Thdnh lap cdc cdu Iqc bd,
dien
ddn
ngoai
ngd
trong nhd trudng de SV cd dieu kien thyc
hdnh giao tiep bdng ngoai ngu.
-
Lya chqn nhung GV cd
trinh
do ngoai ngu
tdt,
nhdt Id nhung GV dd cd
thdi
gian hqc dqi
hqc, cao hqc d cdc
nude
ndi tieng Anh, khuyen
khich
hq
dang
ki
gidng
day mdt sd hqc
phdn
bdng song
ngu. Cho
phep
nhung

SV
cd trinh
do
tieng
Anh khd (dd qua sat hqch) ghi
danh
hqc
cdc
tin chi day
bdng song
ngu.
- Mdi
GV
nude
ngodi day mdt sd mdn chuyen
ngdnh bdng tieng
Anh
(sau khi
SV
dd hqc mdt sd
chuyen ngdnh bdng song ngu).
De SV cd the
nghe
gidng true tiep bdng ngoai
ngu thi
phdi cd mdt budc qud dd tu thdp den cao.
-
Trong
mdt hai ndm ddu, nhieu mdn hqc duqc
gidng

day bdng tieng
Viet
ket hqp
vdi
viec
trang
bi
cho SVcdc
khdi niem
cua mdn
khoa
hqc
bdng
tieng
Anh.
-
Tu ndm thu 2 hoqc 3 trd
di,
dp dung gidng
day bdng song ngu. GV
bien soqn
bdi
gidng
bdng
hai thu
tieng: tieng Viet
vd
tieng
Anh. Ndi
dung tieng Anh khdng phdi do GV ty viet ra hay

djch
tu tieng
Viet,
md pndi
trich
tu cdc gido
trinh,
cdc tdi
lieu
nghien cuu
nude
ngodi.
Cdc trudng dqi hqc can tqo ra budc dot phd
khdng
phdi bdng menh lenh, md bdng che dd,
chinh
sdeh
nhu: - Ban hdnh che dd
thanh todn
gid gidng
cd uu ddi
dd'i
vdi GV day
chuyen
mdn
bang song
ngu. Cd che dd phu cdp dd'i vdi viec
bien
soqn bdi gidng, tdi
lieu

hqc tdp bang song
ngu.
Uu tien
tang luong trudc thdi
hqn vd
tdng
cdc danh hieu thi
dua cho nhung
GV
cd nhieu cd
gdng trong cdng viec ndy; - Chu y
tieu chudn
ve
trinh
dd
ngoai
ngu
khi
tuyen chqn GV mdi cung
nhu khi
xet chuc danh
GV
chinh.
Mdt
trong
nhung
tieu
chudn de phong gido su vd phd gido su Id
phdi gidng
day

dugc bdng song
ngu.G
(1) Nguy§n Tan Hung. "Ve mot so' thuat ngu triet hoc,
chinh
tri
- xa hpi co ngu6n goc
tir
tieng nunc ngoai".
Tap
chi
Triet
hoc,
so' 4,
4/2009.
(2) Nguyfin
Tan Hung. "Ban them ve mQt so' thuat
ngtr
triet hoc, chinh
trj
- xa hoi co nguon goc
tir
tieng
nude
ngoai".
Tap
chi
Triet
hoc,
so 1,
1/2010.

Tai lieu
tham khao
1.
China to Promote
Bilingual
Education.
2.
Zang
Zongrang.
A
research
on the Gain and Cost
of
bilingual
teaching of non-English-oriented
Course
in
Shangdong Institute of
Business
and Technology.

zhangzongrang.pdf.
3.
Liming Yu.
English-Chinese
Bilingual
Education
in
China,
ht7341m70337060t/

Nang cao hieu qua
(Tiep theo trang
36)
phu,
hinh thuc da dqng, hdp dan, ddp ung duqc
nhung yeu cdu thiet thyc cua HS.
4.
Ddi vdi mdt bdi
LV,
cdc hoqt ddng vd thao
tdc thyc hdnh, chua
Idi,
rut
kinh
nghiem khdng
phdi
dd duqc ke't thuc
vdi
gid trd bdi tren
Idp
(45
phut)
md vdn tiep tyc d mdt hinh thuc khdc cao
han. Vi vdy, sau gid trd bdi, GV van phdi yeu
cdu
HS ve nhd thyc hien nhung cdng viec cdn
thiet,
nhu: xdy dyng Iqi ddn y chi tiet, viet
Iqi
it

nhdt mdt trong nhung doqn vdn dd duqc gido
vien
luu
y; sua chua nhung sai sot cy the ve chinh
td,
dung tu, dqt cdu,
lien
ket doqn trong bdi
viet;
luu bdi Idm trong hd sa hqc tap de thudng
xuyen
dd'i chieu, ty ddnh gid muc dd tien bq cua
minh
vd ty rut
kinh
nghiem cho cdc bdi
LV
tiep
theo; khuyen
khich
HS suu tdm, ghi
chep
nhung
doqn vdn hay, bdi viet td't cua ban be de hqc
tap, ; thudng xuyen theo ddi, kiem tra, ddnh
gid
vd thdm chi cd the cho diem de khuyen
khich
tinh
than nghiem tuc, thyc sy cdu

thj
cua HS. •
(1)
Phan
Trong
Luan.
Phuong
phap
day hoc
van.
NXB
Dqi hpc qudc gia Ha Nqi,
1998.
Tai lieu
tham khao
1.
Mai Thi Kieu
Phirqng.
Giao
trinh
phwmg
phap
day
va hoc
lam van. NXB
Dqi hqc Qudc gia Ha Nqi,
2009.
2.
Nguyen
Van

Duong.
"Mot so van de
d6i
mdi
nhan
thuc
va
phuang
phap
day
hoc tap
lam van d
trudng
THCS
hien
nay". Tap
chi
Day vd hqc ngdy nay,
s6
5/2008.
Tap chi Giao due so 251 (ki i -12/2010)