TÍNH CHẤT lý hóa học các CHẤT vô cơ (106 NGUYÊN tố hóa học)

\_

--------------

-- ---�---

R. A. LUHN, V. A. MOLOSCO, L. L. ANDR�EVA

TINH CHAT LY HOA/HOC
.

cAc CHAT'vd,"co

(
(

'

Ngtroi djch: Le Kim Long va Hpang Nhm'.m
Nguoi hiÂudinh: _Ijoang Nham

ã

Cim nang tra cuu cho h9c sinh, sinh vien, ky str, gi&o vien
PTIH ---

lii!--

ir;;iZi,;t-;:,,1'::;(:5.:,kã,Đ"

*- _ _____ ...

:AGH Dli.-Ati·•)-: GiA
•

•"'
',,:
'

'

'

• fa

NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC Vkff i'H'fi':\W
.

.

HANQI

•

.

.

.

I�•

t:. .

•

.

�=









9. LiH - LITHI HIDRUA
Tring, nh�. n6ng chay khong phan huy, phan huy khi dun n6ng m::mh
hem. Chill: khir m�nh: phan ung v6i nuoc, axit, phi_ kim, oxit phi kim.
4
Di�u che, xem 85 ,20 .
M = 7 ,95; J = o,82; 1" = 680°c. _
°
(850°C hay c.Rhong 450 C).
!. 2LiH = 2Li + H2 t.
2.

LiH + H2O = LiOH+ H2 t.

3.

4.
5.

LiH + HCI (loa.) = LiCl+ H2t.
2LiH + 02 = 2LiOH.
LiH+ Cl2 = LiCl + HCI.

6.
7.

2LiH + 2S = Li 2S + H2St.
3LiH + N2 = Li3N + NH3.
2LiH + 4C (t.chl) = Li2C2 + CiH22LiH +·2sO2 = Li2SO4 + H2S­
LiH +CO2= Li(HCOO).
4LiH + 3SiO2 = 2Li 2SiO3 + Si+ 2H2 t.
LiH + NH3 = LiNH2 + H2.
LiH + NH3 (1) = LiNH2 -l.- +H2 t.

8.
9.
l0.
11.
12.
13.

. (t thuang).
°

(tren 500 C).
(400-450°C).

(300-350°C).
°

(500-600 C).
(400°C).
(200°C).
(den 250°C, p).
(500°C).
(350°Cl(-40°C).
(trg ete).

14. 4LiH + Al Ch= LifAIH.J + 3LiC!-l.-.
di�n phan
15. 2LiH(I)
2Li (cat6t) + H2t (an6t).

10. Li2 0 - LITID OXIT
Triing, hut iim, kh6 n6ng chay, khong phan huy khi dun n6ng. Toil hi�r
tinh chat cua oxit bazo: phan ung manh li�t v6i nuoc (t�o nen dung dich
kiGm), axit, kirri loai, oxit axit, hapth\l CO2 trong kh6ng khi. Dii!u che.
xem s7,12 1 ,13 1 '3,14 1 .
M = 29,88; cl= 2,013; 1" = J453 °C; 1, = 2600°c.
l. .- Li2O + H2O = 2LiOH.
2. Li2O + 2HC1 (loa.) = 2LiC1 + H2O,

1.6

r

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

(900-1000°C).
· (1000°C).
. (tren 800°C) ..
(tren 1000°C).
(500°600°C).
(1000°C).
°
( 1200-l 300 C).

Li2O +H 2S = Li2S + H 2O.
2Li2O + Si = 4Li + SiO2.
Li2O +Mg = 2Li + MgO,
3Li 20 + 2AI = 6Li + Ai2O3.
Li2O + CO2 = Li2CO3.
2Li2O + SiO2 = Li4SiO4.
Li2O +·SiO2 = Li2SiO3 .

11. Li202 - LITHlPEOXIT
Triing, khi dun n6ng phan huy khong n6ng chay. Bi phan huy hoan
toan, phan ung voi axit. Hap th\l m,:mh khi CO2 trong khong khi. Dii!u
che, xem 1i 8 .
M = 45,88; d = 2,363.
1. 2Li2O2 = 2Li2O + 02 t.
(200-400°C).

2. Li2O2.H2O = Li2O2 + H2O(tren 0°C),
3. Li2O2 + 2H2b (ng\l.) = 2LiOH + H20i4.
5.

2Li2O2 + 2H2O (ng') = 4LiOH + 0i t:
Li2 O2 + 2HCI (Joa., ng\l.) = 2LiCI + H2 O2.
2Li2O2 + 2H2SO4 (loa., ng') =2Li2S04 + 2H2O +02 t.
(tren 200°C).
2Li2 O2 + 2CO2 = 2Li2CO 3 + 02 .
(40-70°C).
Li2O2 +CO= Li2CO 3 .

12. LiOH - LITID HIDROXIT
Triing, n6ng chay khong phan huy, phful huy khi dun n6ng m,:mh hem &
trong khi quyfo H2. Tan nhii!u trong nuoc. Toe hi�n tinh cha'.t cua
hidroxit baza (cha'.t kiGm): phan ung voi axit, oxit axit, ha'.p th\l khi CO2
.,
� xem 8 1 ,92,4 , 1 01,139, l66, lgll trorrg khong kh1., D1eu
che,
0
M = 23,95; cl= 1,46; t" = 471 °C; 1'i = 12,8(20l, 15,3 " >.
1. 2LiOH = Li2 O + H2 O(800-1000°C, trg khfquyen H2),
.
..
.
r�r,(1°r
kh'
en H )
2. LiOH.H2O = LiOH+ H2O.
2·

t,_..=,,,=-:-�JJ;�.;r�,

i

ii- --·

,� t, ·:- : ;i:itl c::4 � ._

1
-------�-4j:li'li..:.---~-·¼

ii. :;Jir¼ .,f):·.;_11-. p�, t;Licrn�W':!H
�_-�}¥4 iig

1
� tn -. _.

'i;-;i.- ·s';,/i l!

"'"

�--- ';,'.;,; :,.":".;.;;:.e:'..:-'.: "',";-"'�-:....

.,.,.,,,'i:i. #' *�

17

'·