Đặc trưng cơ bản về điều kiện tự nhiên vùng chiến trường bạch đằng năm 1288

TET TRONG NGUON CQI VI~T
32-Tucdi cho Iet- Netdepvan h6a lau dai cua nguaiVi~t.
34- Xuan ve n6i chuyen Tet.
36- Danh nhan Vi~t Nam tuoiTY.
38- Nhung

Ie h9i dau xuan a Hai Phonq.

TRiTHO'cvATHC11 CUQC
46- Nqay cuoi narn, ai con nhan nhu dieu gl.
47- Hanh phuctronq tam ta

HQI NH~P vA PHAT TRIEN
50- Nhung con so an tuqng ve kinh teVi~t Nam narn 2019.
52-Tong quan kinhte+lai Phonq 2019- Nhln WNgh! quyetXV.

KHOA HQC vA O'NG DVNG
54-10 sl,lkien khoa hQCva cong ngh~ noi bat narn 2019.
58- Nhung cong ngh~ noi b~tt9itrien larnthanhtuu ung dunq khoa hoc,

NGHIEN CO'U- TRAO a61
61- GS.TS.TRAN DUC THANH: D~c trunq co ban ve dieu kien W nhien
vung chien tnronq B9ChDang nam 1288.
72- PGS.TS.DAa MINH QUAN, PGS.TS.VUONG DUC PHUC: Nqhien ceu
h~ thong dieu khien buoc chan vit cua tau Thai Blnh Duong.

KHOA HQC vA O'NG DVNG
77- Tam huyetvoi nqhe, het long VI hoc sinh thanyeu,
79- Vien nqoc sang man rnoi nci dat cang.

VAN H6A-vAN

NGH~

83- Gieng lang trong van h6a Vi~t.
86- Phat giao thanh pho Hai Phonq tfch cue tham gia conq tac dam bao
an sinh xa hoi.
90- Nguai anh hung cua bien.
98-Chu9ttrong tuc nguthe giOi.
100-Trang thcxuan.

* Bili bao khoa hoc dang tren T~p chi di dU'C1cchinh sua, hoan thi,n theo
gap y cua phan bi,n


NGHIEN CUll . THAD 001

D~ctru'n9cd ban ve dieu ki,n t~ nhien
vung chien truang B,ch Dang nam 1288
THE BASIC FEATURES OF THE NATURAL CONDITIONS
OF THE BACH DANG BATTLE IN 1288
Abstract

T6mtat
Chien tnronq 1288 narn tal khu trung tam
cua vunq ora song Bach Dang. Hien nay, vunq ora
song nay nay co cau true vunq ora song hlnh pheu
(estuary) - mot vunq cua song hlnh pheu nhiet dai
qio rnua co thuy trieu nh~t trieu bien d9 Ian dien
hlnh cua the giai. Nhunq khi xay ra chien tran,

vunq cua song nay co cau true chau tho (delta) va
bat dau chuyen dich sang qua trlnh hlnh pheu
hoa. $0 vai nqay nay, nhleu yeu to W nhien d vunq
ora song khi ay tl1<1ngW, nhunq cung co nhung
yetJto da thay doi nhieu. Trong ba nhom yeu to C<1
ban nhat co lien quan la dia hlnh, khi hau va thuy
van thl cac yeu to khl hau da It thay doi nhat va yeu
to dia hlnh da thay doi nhieu nhat. Nqoai ra, tlnh
chat hoang S<1
cua cac h~ sinh thai rung rnua nhi~t
dai va he sinh thai rung ng~p man cunq da co
nhieu thay doi.
Cac yeu to W nhien tal vunq chien tnronq
1288 da diroc su dunq triet de va da gap p'han tao
nen thang Iqi hoan my cua tran danh, Tuy nhien,
sue manh quan suva tucnq quan hrc 111qngvuot
qua cac yeu to ngau nhlen va bat thuonq cua dieu
kien W nhien mot la yeu to quyet dinh thang Iqi
cua chien tran.

~UAIH!ft

Battle in 1288 is located in the center of the
Bach Dang estuarine area. At present, it is an
estuary situated in the tropical monsoon zone
with regularly diurnal tide of large range typical in
the world. But as happens at war, it was a delta
which started transforming
to an estuary.
Compared to today, many natural factors in

estuarine area then similar, but there are also
factors that have changed much. From three
groups the most basic factors relating to the battle
such as landform, climate and hydrology, the
climate factors have changed at least, and the
landform factors have changed the most. In
addition, there also were many changes in the
wild nature of tropical rainforest and mangrove
ecosystems.
The natural factors in the battlefield in 1288,
were fully used and contributed to an excellent
victory in the war. However, military power and
relationships overcome the randomness and
irregularity
of the natural conditions
are
determinants of the victorious battle.

Resume
Le champ de bataille 1288 est situe au centre

1"9"'.
!(i)!(i) So 203+204- Thang 1+2/2020

61


de I'estuaire de Bach Dang. De nos jours, c'est un
estuaire situe dans la zone de mousson tropicale
avec une maree requliere diurne de grande

amplitude
typique
du monde. Mais quand la
bataille

a eu lieu, il a une structure

delta

qui

commence
a se transformer
en estuaire. Par
rapport a aujourd'hui,
de nombreux
facteurs
naturels dans la zone estuarienne
sont alors
similaires, mais il existe eqalernent des facteurs qui
ont beaucoup change. Dans les trois facteurs les
plus fondamentaux
lrnpliques sont Ie terrain, Ie
climat et I'hydrologie, Ie climat a Ie moins change,
tandis que Ie terrain a beaucoup change. En plus, il
y a beaucoup de changements
dans la nature
intacte des ecosysternes des forets tropicales
humides et des mangroves.
Les facteurs

1288 ont

bien

naturels

au champ

de bataille

ete utillses et contribuent

victoire

parfait de la bataille. eependant,

militaire

et la correlation

elements

aleatoires

conditions naturelles
de la bataille.

a la
la force

de force surmontent
et

extraordinaires

pour determiner

les

aai bo ngam ora song ai thee auong aang sau 6m
tU rnui Do San aen tay nam aao eat Ba [9].
ves narn tren dai ven be tay Vlnh Bac BQ, c6
ranh giai tV nhien d ban aao Hal Van (Thua Thien
Hue)

Quang SInh). Dai ven be tay vlnh Bac BQ auqc chia

thanh 4 vunq: M6ng Cai - Do San; Do San - Lach
Truong; l.ach Truong - mGi Ron; MGi Ron - Hai Van
[8].
ves Bach Dang thuoc vunq ven bo M6ng Cai
- Do San, tiep qiap vunq ven be chau tho song
Hong hien ae;!i (Do San -

l.ach Truong) qua -dai

phan each Kien An - Do San. Trong

pharn vi hep

hon, ves nam giua khu vue. vinh aao d phfa Dong
nr quan the aao - vinh la eat Ba-

Bac auqc bat aau

Ha Long - Lan He;!va khu vvc ven bo chau tho phfa
tay nam ban dao Do San. Tren 250km bo bien ke

nr bien giai Vi~t - Trung, aay ves aau tien c6 auong
thuy dao thong noi vci kinh thanh Thanq Long.

des

la victoire

va ranh giai phap Iy d MGi l.ay (cue nam

trl va tfnh chat chuyen tiep cua ves

Vai vi

trong hai vunq tV nhien Ian d dai ven bo bien phfa

bac Vi~t Nam va hlnh the, cau true a~c biet ves
Bach Dang c6 vi the a~c biet ve aia chfnh tri va aia

MO£)AU
Chien truonq Bach Dang narn 1288 narn d
khu trung tam cua vunq cua song (VeS) Bach
Dang, tal vunq chuyen tiep giua tinh Quang

quan

su.
2. Cautruc

Ninh

ves Bach Dang c6 ban chat cau true la mot

va Thanh phd Hai Phonq. Khu vvc ta nqan chu yeu

Estuary [7, 9] - vunq ora song hlnh pheu [6, 15]. N6

thuoc aia phan Thi xa Quang Yen, mot phan lien
quan aen thanh phd Uong Bf va Huyen Hoanh Bo
(Quang Ninh); khu vue huu nqan chu yeu thuoc ve

trlnh phat trien cua mot graben danq sut chlrn vai

huyen Thuy

boi tfch va thuy trieu c6 bien aQ Ian. N6 auqc dinh

Nguyen,

eat Hai va cac quan

nQi

diroc hlnh thanh tren

co Sd

Wang tac giua qua

51! nang cao cua rnuc nuoc chan tinh, su thieu hut

thanh cua Thanh pho Hai Phonq. De lam nen chien

vi d vi trf ria aong

thang lay lung, chac chan cha ong ta phai tlrn hieu

dong boi tfch tong hop doc be huang ve phfa tay

va aa narn r6 a~c aiem tu nhien vunq chien tnronq
nay. De hieu ro ve quy mo va dien bien tran danh,

nam. ves Bach Dang la mQt vue c6 cau true mra

chunq ta cGng can nqhien cuu hoan canh tunhien

the, quy dinh cac a~c trunq

cua chien tran tren

ca Sd hoan

canh hlen tal va kha

nang thay aoi qua thoi gian hen bay the kY.

ves

kha tot, phan tang yeu. M~c du luqng

boi tfch song tham gia aang ke nhunq dong boi

xarn thuc, Day la tnronq

Bach Dang

c6 toa aQ aia Iy: 106°37'-

Eva 20°37'-21 °OO'Nva dlen tfch trong 0 toa

aQ 1650km2, c6 dlnh

d Ben Trieu, auong be

ca ban

chay ven Phu Long - eat Hai - Do San va ria nqoai

62 ss 203+204

tfch. D6 la mot vue ruroc lo-man, hoa tron ruroc

tang yeu, can bang boi x6i ves nghieng

1. Vjtri

oroo'

ve clja hlnh va tram

tfch di chuyen nQi tal la chu dao, Vai cau true phan

VONGCaASONGB~CHaANG

1

kin, noi thuy trieu la yeu to aQng luc nqoai sinh uu

song-bien

I. BAN CHAT cAU TRUC vA TIEN H6A

bac chau tho song Hong, noi

- Thang 1+2/2020

ve x6i Id,

hop aien hlnh tren the

giai ve mot ora song hlnh pheu nhlet aai [4] phat
trien trong aieu kien nhat trleu bien aQlan [9].
eau true nua kfn cua ves va su phan each

tuonq aoi cua n6 vai bien la nho quan aao eat Ba

~uan

/"

NGHIEN
che chan a phfa dong, dong nam, ban dao f)o Son
a phia tay, ves thong vai bien a phia nam va phan
ngam tai d9
s6ng huang

sau 6m. Vai cau true nhu v~y, chi co
va dong nam mai co kha nang

nam

Ian truyen tu bien vao vel d9 cao khonq qua 3m,

nhien, he lach trieu, kenh trieu day d~c, cac doi cat

be luonq, cac them mal rnon
phat trien a dai trieu thap tren nen tram tfch ba

trieu nam d9C yen

rai. .. ves Bach f)ang clmg khac han trieu yen bo

chau tho song Hong.

ke ca khi co bao,
eau true

3.Tienhoa

mra

kin cua Estuary Bach f)ang hien

nay do cac kien true tan kien tao
oc;\i(TKT

va

kien tao hien

va KTHf)) quy dinh. Phan trung tam cua

ves narn tren dai yang ha Wong doi vai KTHf)
oai yang

va

ha kha rnanh trang Holocen co danq

graben. Vai tro vo cunq quan tronq cua chuyen

su hlnh thanh Estuary Bach
khonq chi la van d9n9 ha thanq dung trong

09n9 KTHf) doi vai
f)ang

Holocen, rna con tao ra tlen de mot vunq yang ha

nronq
tinh

doi co

cau true mra

kin khi bien

tien chan

tran nqap,
f)la

hlnh ves het sire phirc tap va da danq,
hlnh dOi va nul

duoc chia thanh bon nhorn: f)la

thap, dong bang khonq ng~p trieu, dong bang
ng~p trleu tu nhien va dla hlnh be ngam - luong
lach ng~p ruroc thuonq
bang

xuyen. M9t phan Ian dien

ng~p trieu

tu

nhien hien nam

trong de bien hoac b] san lap, hien khonq con chiu

anh huang true tiep cua bien. Di~n tfch trong 0 toa
09 cua ves la 1650km2 [9], trong do: f)oi va nui
thap: 12,38%; f)ong bang: 13,89%; f)e cat va them
cat: 0,72%; Vung dam lay bien: 32,62%; Bai (boi)
trieu thap: 9,30%; Song

va

lach trleu: 7,25%; Vung

be nqarn; 15,70%; Vung bien nonq yen bo: 8,09%.

canh quan vai
cac bai trieu lay ram rap thuc vat ng~p man tu
Ve phuonq

trlnh hlnh thanh va tien hoa cua ves
Bach f)ang trong Holocen tral qua 3 thai kY va 7
giai doan nhusau [9]:
Qua

Thai kY thtJ nhat Holocen sorn - giua (11 - 3
chan tinh giu vai tro
chu dao gay nqap chlm, nhanh chong lam thay
nghln narn truce), Bien tien

doi rnoi tnronq tU h;JC dla sang yen bo, duang bo
b] day lui xa nhat, Vao cuoi thai ky, rnuc ruroc chan

cham han, vai tro cua kien tao va tram

tinh dang

tlch

duqc tang oronq,

me

duang

ma

Ian ve phla

bien, bien lui,

gom nhleu kieu, danq co nquon goc khac nhau va

tfch dong

cuu - TRAG £)01

dlen dia hlnh va

Giai doan 1: Moi tnronq luc dla Holocen sorn
- dau Holocen giua.
Giai doan 2: Moi truonq vOng - vinh Holocen
giua.
Giai

doan 3: Moi truonq dam lay ria chau tho

cudl Holocen

giua.

Thai kY thtJ hai: Holocen m uon (3 den 0,5 - 0,7
nghln narn truce). Vai tro chuyen d9n9 kien tao,
d~c biet cac dai kien true nang, tham gia quyet
dlnh vao cac qua trlnh ng~p chlrn, noi cao. Qua
trlnh tram tich tlch cue co anh huang den di

a

chuyen

duang

bo, Vao cuoi thai

rnanh, duang be di chuyen
trung tam sut ha kha manh.
Giai doan 4: Moi
Holocen muon.

ky, do boi tu

ra phia bien, qua ca

tnronq

Giai doan 5: Moi tnronq
Holocen muon.

vinh - vunq dau
vunq

bien

giua

Giai doan 6: Moi truonq ora song chau tho
cuoi Holocen muon.

Thai kY thtJ ba: Cuoi Holocen muon (khoanq
0,5 - 0,7 nghln narn qua), chi gom mot giai doan
dang tiep tuc voi mot dot bien Ian moi, duang be
di chuyen ve phia luc dia, ng~p chlrn khonq den
bu tram tich va thuy trieu co vai tro quan tronq.

Trang
Hinh 1. Vung cua song Bach Dang
(anh v~ tinh Spot ngay01/3/2008)

5-7 tram

narn qua, muc ruroc chan

tinh tlep tuc nang cao xap xi 1rnm/narn

va dat 1-

~uAn ~S1nlslT9' - !(!)!(!) So 203+204 - Thang 1+2/2020

63

,

/

,..

I

.,.


1,5mm/nam

trrong the kY qua. Do phu sa song

it,

D¢ tam keo dai tai Pleistocen. Trong Pleistocen,

xam thuc cua thuy trieu rnanh, nhieu noi da khonq

mol truonq luc dia keo dai va c6 nhung Ian bien

lang donq tram tfch. Ng~p chlrn khonq den bu do
thleu hut bdi tlch xay ra da hlnh thanh VCS hlnh

lan, r6 nhat
muon,

pheu nhu hien nay.
Nguyen nhan gay ra suthieu hut boi tfch bao
gom: 1- Khoanq 5-7 tram narn tnroc ban dao Do
Son noi lien vai dong bang

vua boi Ian mo rQng 0

ria tay nam VCS da nqan khonq cho boi tfch doc bo
tay nam di len. 2- Trong qua trlnh phat trien, nhieu
nhanh noi ngang song Hong vai h¢ thong
Cau -B9Ch Dang b] tan lam giam nquon boi

la vao rura sau Pleistocen

muon,

khoanq 3-5 van nam tnroc. Vao tan cuoi Pleistocen
do bang ha Ian cuoi cunq, rnuc bien ha

thap hon hien nay 100-120m.

Bien tien Holocen

mo rQng cue dai ung vci mire bien co +4-6m vao 56 nghln nam tnroc, sau do nang ha tuonq doi mot
so Ian va dang cao dan

W khoanq 1 nghln narn

tnroc cho den nay.

Dong bang

song

tkh bo

Dong

bang chu yeu c6 nquon

goc l:>oi tu

sung W song Hong. 3- Thuy trieu lon, dong trieu
rnanh dan len da tang cuang phan tan boi tfch 10

chau tho c6 dQ cao be mat 0,5-4m. Dong bang b]

lU'ng ra kh6i VCS. 4- Dong chay tong hop ven be

d~c va cac he thong

huang thong tr] TB-DN c6 xu huang dua boi

tkh

chia cat boi

he thong

song, 19Ch,ao, ho kha day

de cat co cao 2-2,5m den 5-

6m t90 thanh cac dai song song voi be bien hien

xuonq phfa tay nam.

nay. Dong bang c6 hau het dlen tfch duqc de bao

Bien Ian hien d9i la d~c diem co ban nhat cua
VCS B9Ch Dang hien nay, the hien suthanq the cua
bien trong quan h¢ Wong tac song-bien. Cac hau

nqan 10 va man. Dong bang khonq dong nhat ve
hlnh thai, nquon goc, tuoi va c6 the phan biet

thanh cac bac: Tfch t\,l song - bien tuoi Pleistocen

qua cua bien Ian la x6i 10 uu the so vai boi tu,

muon, t90 thanh dai hep cao 8-12m; tkh tu song bien Holocen sorn-qhra, be m~t cao 2-4m, phan bo

duang

be b! day lul ve phfa luc d!a va b] chia cih

phirc t9P; muc ruroc trung blnh thirc te dang dang
cao, hien tuonq dam lay hoa, nhiern man va

thanh cac rnanq Ian; tfch tu song - bien, dam lay-

truyen trieu sau vao luc dja, v.v. va ca khu h¢ donq

1,5m, khonq b] ng~p trieu la nho c6 de bao.

thuc vat thfch nghi dieu klen tu nhien lo man.
dQ dang

cao

mire

bien

2,24mm/nam

ree

trong

khoanq thai gian 1957 - 1989 da duqc ghi nhan tal
tram Hon

osu

co

II. NHO'NG N~T
BAN V~ al~u KI~NTlI
NHI~N VUNG CHI~NTRlIONG B~CH DANG
NAM1288
1. Hinh thai dia hinh

bien Holocen

muon

kha rQng va thoai, cao 0,5-

T9i ria dong bang qiap doi nui c6 mat cac
them tfch t\,l bien gom ba bac, Them bac III, cao
10-15m, tuoi Pleistocen muon. Them bac II, cao 46m, tuoi Holocen giua. Them tfch bac I, cao 3-3,5m,
tuoi Holocen

muon. Tren be m~t dong

bang c6

m~t 5 h¢ thong de cat bien co va hien d9i cau t90
bang cat, S9n. H¢ 1 cao 4-6m; H¢ 2 cao 3-3,5m; H¢
3 cao 2-2,5m; H¢ 4 cao 2,5-3m; H¢ de 5 cao 3-3,5m.
H¢ 1 tuoi Holocen giua va cac h¢ can 19i tuoi
Holocen muon, tre dan ra phia bien (hlnh 2).

Doinui

Chung ft b] ng~p lut va c6 chua ruroc ngam nhat
D!a hlnh doi va nui thap phan bo chu yeu 0
Hoanh

se. Quang

An va Do Son, duoc cau t90 chu yeu
luc nquyen

tang nong nen thuang

la not t~p trung dan cu.

Yen, Uong Bf,Thuy Nguyen, Kien

H~thong song tach

W da tram tfch

va da voi tuoi Co sinh va Trung sinh,

Ba cua song chfnh ao ra bien la L9Ch Huyen,

narn 0 vunq ria hoac xen ke danq doi aao tren nen

Nam Trieu, Cam - L9Ch Tray (hlnh 3). Song B9Ch

dong bang hoac dam lay trong vunq ora song. DQ
cao doi nul phd bien 40-1 OOm, cao nhat 200m. Cac

Dang la phan ha luu cua h¢ thong song Thai Blnh
bat nquon W vunq nui Dong Sac. Cac song L\,Ic

diem cao nhu Nui Deo (146m), Nqoc Son (125m),

Nam, Thtronq, Cau va Duong sau khi hop luu 0 gan

Ma Trang (114m), Doan L9i (109m) c6

y nghia

Ian

ve quan su khi c6 chien tranh.
D!a hlnh doi nul hien nay co ban diroc t90
nen nho cac chuyen dQng nang kien t90

64

So 203+204 - Thang 1+2/2020

Pha L9i, each bien 90km da phan thanh hai nhanh
chfnh

W cuoi

ta song Kinh Thay va Thai Blnh. Song Thai

Blnh tiep tuc phan thanh hai nhanh la Thai Sinh va
Van

Uc tnroc

~uAn(!§flW T'I. !(i)!(i)

khi do ra vunq bien tay nam Do Son.


",/
/

NGHIEN (UU - TRAQ 801
Den khoanq

48km,

Huonq do ra vlnh H~ Long va Ganh Sy do ra cua

song Kinh Thay cunq phan thanh hai nhanh chinh

Ben Trieu, each bien chung

l.ach Huyen, Long cac song Ganh Sy, Blnh Hironq,
Chanh va Bach Dang dl1qc ma rat r9ng tnroc khi

la song Da Bach va song Kinh

Thay, Gan sat bien,

hai nhanh nay hop luu va roi I~i phan luu thanh
song Chanh do ra

ora Lach Huyen, song Bach

Dang do ra ora Nam Trieu, song Cam va song Lach
Tray do ra ora Ba tach.
Vung Song Bach Dang dai 42km, trung blnh
r9ng 1km, sau 8m; song Carn dai 37km, trung blnh
r9ng 400m, sau 7m; song
trung

tach Tray dal 43km,

blnh r9ng 120m, sau 4m. Trang h$ thong

song Bach Dang, can c6 mot so nhanh noi ngang
nhu song Tam Bac noi Cam va tach Tray, song RU9t
ton noi song Cam voi song Bach Dang. Nqoai ra,
can c6 song Yen Lap bat nguon tuvunq
Ninh, ra den bien phan thanh

nui Quang

nhanh song SInh

do ra bien, thl10ng 500-800m, c6 noi tren 1km nhu
Bach Dang.

a song

Vung

trieu cua song

VCS c6 cau true nua kin, thuy trieu la d9n9 luc
uu the, la mot vl,(c nuoc lo-man, hoa tron nucc
song-bien kha tot, phan tang nuoc yeu, can bang
boi x6i nghieng ve x6i la, xarn thuc, Cac bal trieu
lay ram rap thuc v~t ng~p man tl,( nhien, h$ lach
trleu, kenh trieu day d~c

(hlnh 4), cac doi cat trieu

nam doc yen bo cac luong sau r9ng la nhCtng danq
dia hlnh nguon goc trleu d~c trunq. Cac tkh tu
dam lay bien tuoi Hollocen giCta - muon, cao 0,5 l,5m va tuoi Holocen muon cao 0-1 ,Om. Nhieu nol,
dl10i be m~t cac dam lay su vet g~p rat nhieu di
tkh rnanh gom slt thai phong kien. D6 la bang
chUng bien Ian vao cac khu dan

cuxua

Phla nqoai vunq cua song la vung bien nong
'.

yen bo, c6 d9 sau khoanq 5 - 6m den 25 - 30m nam
trang pharn vi tac d9n9 ro cua s6ng den day bien
va la vunq dong bang day bien tfch tu - bao man
dl10i tac dunq cua dong hai luu yen bo [11].

2. Khih,u
~

OOg&:

~

oecate6
~b\je6
oebiln •• w&
an. sOng
,.'

8
~

El

Hinh 2. H? thOng ae cat

VCS narn

a khu

he n6ng am trunq

vue nhlet doi gi6 mua. Mua

vao rnua gi6 tay nam voi cac

co va aLiCingM co ven M Mc 8¢ [1OJ

;

vii

~'
-:

..- -:,/

/'

/

(~inh B~ce¢
I

I

IDZ~,m.0.w.G,~.B.Q

Hinh 3. Quan h? giC/asong 8gch Dang vai thGnh Thiing Long
trong h? thOng thuy ago aong bOng song Hong va Ian cgn [1]

J.ViI. 2.8,1,3. O,i'"(dl, 4.861 lay ,d '1ft, 5.Xhu ~m ,"~di,6. Ddin I'Jw6r.
1.Kltu (hin cv.,.w;,.'_
eUDft$ om /tJld,;-,
r,J-itliir,vlf_"",c.ipI4thlrUU.

Hinh 4. H? thong tach trieu

~uan @6fnwT9'· ~@!@ s6 203+204

(j VCSBach Dang

- Thang 1+2/2020

6S


hucnq thinh hanh dong va dong nam, thuonq

c6

bao va ap thap nhlet dai vai tee de;>gi6 cue dal dat

rat thap, c6 khi chi vai met, gay nhieu

tra nqai cho

qiao thonq.

35 - 50m/s. Mua dong trunq vao rnua gi6 dong bik

. Che de;>gi6 anh hvang rat Ian den cac v~t the
cac hvang thinh hanh la bac, dong bac, Gi6 troi, Tal VCS, quanh narn gi6 hvang D va OON
huonq dong uu the trong cac thanq 12-4, tee de;> chlern uu the (hlnh 5 va 6). D~c biet tronq mua kho

vai

blnh

trung
the

5,4 - 5,9m/s; gi6 dong nam

va

nam

uu

vao cac thanq 5 - 8, trung blnh 5,5 - 6m/s va gi6

bac va dong bac uu the vao thanq 9 - 11, trung

blnh 5,6-6,3m/s.

Tay (T, TIB va TB) chiern

gi6 lien quan den hvang

Moi thanq rnua dong c6 3 - 4 dot, c6 khi 5 - 6

dot gi6 rnua dong bac, moi dot keo dai 3 - 5 nqay,
sire gi6 rat rnanh. nhieu khi dat den cap 7, 8. Gi6
rnua dong bac kern thee gia lanh, rnua phun,
Hang narn c6 24 nqay mira phun va 15 - 20 nqay
sironq rnu, Mva phun vao thanq 12 - 4, nhieu nhat
vao cac thanq 2, 3, gay am vat, nhieu khi kern

lanh buot. Svong rnu chu yeu vao rnua

thee

cac hvang nay canq chiern uu the
(tong tan xuat chiern 42,35%) va phan bo a cac
khoanq toc de;>gi6 cao. Trong khi do, cac hvang
(rnua Dong),

tan

a

xuat rat nho, chi 3,26% va thuonq phan bo

khoanq toc de;>gi6 nho (bang 1). Nhv v~y, ve rnua
dong, cac v~t the troi chu yeu troi

tu phfa ba£)ong

sang phia botay sonq Bc;lchDang.
l.uonq rnua khoanq 1500 - 1800mm/nam,
120

vai

nqay c6 mua trong narn. Mua mua trunq rnua

he n6ng, thanq 5-10, chiem 80 - 90% hronq
narn va nhleu nhat vao

dong,

khoanq thanq 11-4, c6 khi keo dai den
thanq 6, mat de;>cao nr 5-8 gia sang va canq ra

kho tuthanq

khoi, so nqay suonq rnu canq tang, lam tam nhln

yeu la rnua phun.

rnua

mua

ca

cac thanq 7, 8 va 9. Mua

9 den thanq 4 narn sau, co ban trunq

lanh. Thanq 12 va thanq 1 mua ft nhat, chu

Bang 1. Tan suat van toe gi6 va cac huang trong mua kh6 (thanq 12-3) tal Hon Dau (1960-2011) [13]
Huang

N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW
Tong so (%)

Khoanq van toe (m/s)

1.0 - 2.0

2.0 - 3.0

3.0 - 4.0

4.0 - 5.0

5.0- 6.0

6.0 - 7.0

>= 7.0

(%)

3.34

4.56

1.20

3.13

0.98

1.33

2.08

16.62

0.41

0.93

0.31

0.91

0.24

0.61

0.79

4.19

1.61

2.80

0.86

2.41

0.68

1.12

1.63

11.11

0.67

1.28

0.38

1.38

0.35

0.96

2.14

7.16

2.98

5.70

2.53

6.68

2.74

4.74

9.81

35.19

0.48

1.30

0.85

1.77

0.55

1.19

0.94

7.08

0.80

1.52

0.48

1.35

0.27

0.54

0.32

5.27

0.17

0.34

0.09

0.23

0.04

0.04

0.07

0.97

0.33

0.53

0.12

0.28

0.06

0.07

0.17

1.56

0.08

0.17

0.01

0.07

0.00

0.01

0.04

0.39

0.10

0.11

0.04

0.06

0.Q1

0.02

0.02

0.34

0.03

0.05

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.10

0.17

0.11

0.00

0.02

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.31

0.11

0.10

0.00

0.02

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.23

1.08

1.08

0.18

0.26

0.05

0.04

0.02

2.72

0.83

1.00

0.21

0.44

0.02

0.16

0.13

2.80

13.19

21.58

7.28

19.03

5.99

10.82

18.15

96.04

. "..

Tan 5uat I~ng gio (%)

66

Tong so

So 203+204 - Thang , +2/2020

~ujn

!(!)~(!)

3.96


NGHIEN

°-

24%

•~'l,~_~~j
18%

:WESTf

"',

.

-.

~

"""'
-------

VCS B9ChDang la mot vue nuoc Iq m~n co dQ
man thay doi trong khoanq 0,5-32%0 (0,5-25%0 ve

lEAST;

'""

WIND SPEED
(mls)

"

-

n ~7.0
6.0- 7.0
•

.

•
SOUTH

rnua mua, 0,5-32%0 ve rnua kho). DQ man 0,5-20%0
d~c trunq cho khu clia Carn - Nam Trieu. DQ man
10-23%0 d~c trvng cho khu L9Ch Huy~n-Yen L~p.

5.0- 6.0

•

4.0- 5.0

•

3.0- 4.0
2.0- 3.0

U

1.0- 20
Calms: 16.56%

Hinh 5. Hoa gi6 trong nhieu nom (1960-2011) to! Hon Dau [13J
NORTH '.

45%

WEST:

WIND SPEED
(mls)

.................

cou - TRAO 801

•

U

~ 7.0

6.0- 7.0

•

5.0- 6.0

b. 56ngbien
Do cau true rura kin, song bien noi chung
khonq lon, tnr nhung dip bao, tan xuat I~ng song
d9t 20 - 21%. DQ cao song Ion nhat 2 - 3m, song
bao dat 4 - 5m, cue d9i 5,6m. Vao rnua dong,
khoanq thanq 9 - thanq song co dQ cao trung blnh
0,5 - 0,75m, thinh hanh hVang dong vai tan xuat
34% va dong b~k vai tan xuat 14%. Vao rnua he, W
thanq 3 den thanq 8, song co dQ cao trung blnh
0,7 - 0,9m, thinh hanh hvang dong nam vai tan
xuat 27% va hVang nam vai tan xuat 22%. vso cac
thanq chuyen tiep 4 va 10, song hvang dong va
dong nam VUthe, dQ cao trung blnh 0,75m.

c. Thuy trieu va muc nuac

Thuy trieu kieu nhat trieu deu dien hlnh (hlnh
.... ' .....• _ .._SOUTH·
7) vai hau het so nqay trong thanq la nhat trieu.
•
4.0- 5.0
•
3.0- 4.0
Trong mot pha trieu 25 gia co mQt Ian ruroc Ion va

U 2.0· 3.0
mQt Ian nuoc rong. Trong mot thanq m~t trang co
hai kY nuoc cvang, moi kY 11 - 13 ngay, dQ Ion trieu
Hinh 6. Hoa gi6 trung binh nhieu nom
dao dQng 2,6 - 3,6m va hai kY ruroc kern, xen ke,
vao mua khO (1960-2011) tai Hem Dau [13J
moi kY 3 - 4 nqay co dQ Ion trieu 0,5 - 1,Om. Mua he,
trieu manh vao cac thanq 5, 6, 7, yeu vao cac thanq
3. Thuyvan
8, 9 va thvang dang cao vao buoi chieu Mua
a. Thuyvan song
dong, trieu rnanh vao cac thanq 10, 11, 12, yeu vao
Vung co ba ora song chlnh do ra bien la Lc;1Ch cac thanq 3, 4 va thvang dang cao vao buol sang.
DQ Ion thuy trieu thuoc 109i Ion CJ nuoc ta, trung
Huyen, Nam Trieu, L9ChTray va co bon song chfnh
la Song Yen L~p (nay thanh h6 chua), song B9Ch blnh 3,Om, cue dai 4, 18m, cue tieu 1,75m.
Dang (dai 42km, trung blnh rQng 1km, sau 8m);
Mvc nuoc trung blnh tren cac song so vai
Song Cam (dai 37km, trung blnh rQng 400n:', sau
muc bien thap nhat tai Hon Dau khoanq 210-256
7m) va Song L9ChTray (dai 43km, trung blnh rQng
cm, co the vuot 4,5m khi co 10.Anh hVCJng thuy
120m, sau 4m).
trieu tren cac song rat lon, chi phdi rnuc nuoc... , ....

e:

11 km'
nhat trong vunq, moi narn do ra bien 1
va gan 4 trieu tan bun cat, song L9Ch Tray 1,5 krn'

nuoc va khoanq 1 trieu tan bun cat, song Da Bach
khoanq 1 km' ruroc moi narn. Trong rnua rnua 10
(thanq 6 - 10), tai Ivqng ruroc chiem 75 - 85% va tai
luonq bun cat chlern 90 - 95% tong Ivqng ca narn.

- NORTIf

..._..

-

1.0·

Calm.:

2.0

3.96%

Hang narn cac song do ra bien khoanq 14
krn' ruroc va 5 trieu tan bun cat chu yeu qua clia
Nam Trieu. Trong do, song Cam co luu hJqng Ion

dong chay va truyen m~n sau vao luc dja. Song
trieu truyen sau den t~n Pha L9i, each bien 90km
va bieu hi~n den t~n Phu L9ng Thuonq, each bien

~ujo eMflWrs- !(!)!(!)

So 203+204- Thang 1+2/2020

67

I


4.5,-------------------,1
4

f
i

---------------------.----------------------------.---.-----------

3.5

- -

- - - - -----------------------

- - - --

1~

--

:\:~~:~f:
-

IH~~HfHlR~:jA~:::::;:~}

- -: -

2~+H:H
-

---------------

ft:::::!J _ :: _:~:~:::~t
_

:

O~~~-~~~~~~---~~~
~~~~i ~i a

0.5

--

- - - -----------------------

o ~ ~
~

- - - -

- -------------

-

-

5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5

0 ~

~ 0 ~ ~ ~
~
00 ~
0

~ ~ ~ ~
00 ~
0 00

ThO;

Hinh 7. Dao Q¢ng mt/c

~ ~
~
0

~ ~ ~ ~ ~
00 ~
0 00 ~

2

~ ~

0 00 ~

gian

nuac tat Hon Dau

thOng 1/2007 [3]

TQiHon Dau:
Ml,fe trieu cue dai

4,Om

Ml,fe trieu eao nuoc eLJ'dng

3,6m

Ml,fe trieu eao nuoc kern

2,4m

Ml,fe trieu trung blnh

l,86m

Ml,fe trieu thap nuoc kern

l,lm

Ml,fe trieu thap ruroc eLJ'dng

O,4m

Ml,fe trieu thap nhat

O,Om

140km. Tuy nhien, giai han truyen

Hinh 8. Mo hinh dong chay (Delf-3D) song Bacb f)ang
tai tang m¢t giiJa pha trieu xu6ng mua f)ong
(ky nuac cuonq 7h, 201312009) [14]

man 1°/00chi

den Ben Trieu, each bien 48km. TUC1ngquan thai
gian chay len va xuong tren song Da Bach - Bach
Dang la 9-10 gia/16 - 15gia VaG rnua he; 11 - 12/1314giavao

mua oong;tren

ca hai rnua. Toe 0(> dong

song Carn la 12/13 giaa

a ora

cHunks

song mua kho

Tj",

~.

trung blnh 10-15cm/s, hiem khi vuot. 50em/s va bi.
dong trieu Ian at. Vao nqay lu, dong chay song lon,
thuonq

tren

1OOem/s, dat tai l,8-2,5m/s,

Ian at

dong trleu va chay xuonq chiem hau het thai gian

~

Che 0(> dong
Rung

Dong chay e6 thanh

phan dong

nhat trieu

,.,

R·'

a.a

n·"

._. ,,·a a·,. a·"

Hinh 9. Hoa dong chay tht/c ao tang giila tram BR1(BenRUng)
VGO mua Dong (thong 01/ 2007) [5]

trong nqay,

d. Dongchdy

~

ouqc tfnh

chay ruroc m~t khu vl,le Ben

cho rnua kho (01/2007 va 3/2009)

va mua rnua (6/2007 va 8/2009): Toe 0(> dong chay

quyet dlnh, nen e6 tfnh thuan nqhich trong ngay,

trong

phu thuoc VaG o!a hlnh bo, huang

rnua kho, tharn chf oen 5 Ian tal khu vl,le song Ru(>t

va

ora song

bo, lu6ng lach

[2]. Dong chay rnanh VaG cac thanq 6,

7, 12, 1, yeu VaG cac thanq 3,4,8,

9 va rnanh nhat

khi rnuc nuoc dao o(>ng len - xuonq
rnuc trieu trung
rat r(>ng

ora

ngang qua

blnh, Toe 0(> dong trong khoanq

W O,l-l,8m/s,

trung

blnh 10-30cm/s. Tai

Nam Trieu, tee 0(> dong chay xuonq

cue o~i

rnua rnua e6 xu the chung Ian gap 2-3 Ian

Lon khi trieu xuonq [5, 14]. Mua kho, toe 0(> dong
chay e6 gia tr] trung blnh 20 - 35 em/s, gia tr] cue
dai e6 the dat 80 em/s, huang dong chay thee true
long dan. Thai gian chay xuonq chlern 60 - 70%,
toe 0(> dong chay xuonq
dong

eung qiarn han. Toe 0(>

chay hau het tal cac khu vue hon nhau

VCS, dong chay trieu yeu dl va vai tro dong chay

khonq oang ke, phfa khu vue thuonq luu cua song
Bach Bang e6 gia tr] Ian nhat, Khu vl,le phfa ha luu

mua the hien r6 rang. Mua he, dong chay huang

dong chay xuonq e6 huang NTN va dong chay len

oong bac toe 0(> 10 -15em/s, rnua oong dong chay

e6 hLJ'ang nquoc Iai. Vao rnua kho, tal khu vue phan

huang tay nam, toe 0(> 20 - 30em/s.

luu

90em/s va chay len cue dai 60cm/s.

68

Phfa nqoai

So 203+204- Thang 1+2/2020 ¥U

enl'f-

ora

song Chanh, do dong chay ooi huang nen

!(i)!(i)

••
I-


,

./

cuu - TRAQ 801

NGHIEN
toc d(> dong

chay 0 day nh6 hen so vai khu vl/c

long dan chfnh cua song Bach Dang (hlnh 8).

Mua rnua toc d(> dong chay trung blnh toan
bo khu vue tfnh toan c6 gia tr] dat 30 - 35 cm/s khi
chay len ~a 40 - 50 cm/s khi chay xudnq. Khi chay
xuonq, dong chay ha hru song Bach Dang c6 su
hap luu cua cac song Da Bac, Gia, Ru(>t Lon va
d6ng trieu nen gia tri cue dai c6 the dat 100 120cm/s. Khu vue phan luu tal ora song Chanh va
hop luu ora song Ru(>t l.on gia tri van tee dang ke
trong ca khi chay len va chay xuonq. Toc d(> dong
chay thuonq

Ian nhat khi trieu dang xuonq qua

Hinh 7O. Rung ngQp mc;'ln (duoc va vet du)

rnuc trieu trung blnh.

ruroc VCS

Ham ll1qng tram tfch 10' lung trong

thien trong khoanq r(>ng 10-1000g/m3• Vao
3

rnua mua, tram tfch 10' lung khoanq 53-215g/m
bien

3

luc trieu xuonq, va khoanq 20-50g/m 1uc
Ve mua

trieu len.

kho, tram tfch 10' lung khi trleu xuonq dat
va dat 56-148g/m3 khi trieu len,

3

42-92g/m

4. H~ sinh thai
So vci HSTVCS chau tho, HSTVCS hlnh pheu
c6 nhCtng d~c diem khac biet nhu

hoa tron nuoc

song - bien tot hon nen ruroc phan tang yeu, d(>
man thuonq
thai

cao hon (0 rmrc Iq man), cac dai sinh

dlen the ve phfa h:JC dja (chau tho dien hlnh

Hinh 7 7 . Rung ngQp mc;'ln (btin chua)

dien the ve phfa bien); cau true quan xa sinh v~t on

.

dinh hon va da danq sinh h9C (da danq cac h~ sinh
va da danq loai) cao hen. Cac h~ sinh thai Co'

5. Nhan
. xet ve hoan canh tU'nhien khi xay
ra chien tr~n 1288

ban trong VCS Bach Dang bao gom [12]: 1- nh6m

Nhu v~y, ve phan vunq tu nhien, VCS Bach
Dang thuoc vunq yen be Dong Bac, narn 0 canh
ria dong bac chau tho song Hong hien dc;ti.

thai

cac

HST luc dia: HST doi

nul:

HST dong bang; HST

cac thuy virc nuoc nqot (ao ho, song lach v.v.) va
HST dao: 2- nh6m cac HST vunq trieu ora song bao
gem: HST rung ng~p man: HST bai trleu: HST bai
cat bien; HST bai trieu ran da; HST day memo
HST rung ng~p man la mot trong nhCtng HST
Co'ban cua HSTVCS hlnh pheu Bach Dang, chiem

phan dien tfch Ian. Day la mot HST tieu bieu cho
vunq cua song nhlet dai, uu the la cac loai marn
quan, vet du, dl1ac voi, ban chua, trang
ng~p man thuonq
day, c6

y nghia

va suoRung

chi cao 2- 4m, nhunq

Ian ve

moc rat

da danq sinh h9C, sin.h thai,

tang cl1ang bol tl,l va phonq chong thien tai. HST

man VCS Bach Dang c6 hai quan the
thuc vat d~c trl1ng: Ouan the diroc va vet du phan
bo 0 vunq ruroc man Iq va quan the ban chua 0

vunq mroc Iq nhat (hlnh 10va 11).
rung ng~p

Nhln nhan 0 g6c d(>ljch sutl/ nhien, hien nay

Bach Dang c6 cau true VCS hlnh pheu dien
hlnh va d(>c I~p Wang doi vci vunq cua song chau
tho song Hong hien dai. Nhl1ng khoanq khoanq
5- 7 tram nam tnroc, n6 la mot bo phan cua chau

VCS

tho song Hong, c6 be bien boi tu Ian xa ra bien

hon hien nay. Qua trlnh hlnh pheu h6a VCS Bach
Dang bat dau khoanq
quan h~

5 - 7 tram narn qua. Moi

cua Kinh do Thanq Long vai h~ thong
Blnh da thay dOi thee thai gian,

song Hong- Thai
phu thuoc vao

su bien

doi cua ban than h~ thong

song nay. Dl1ang nhu c6 mot xu the kha ro rang la

W dau Conq nquyen den nay h~ thong song Hong
- Thai SInh da chuyen nquon phu sa cua rnlnh dan

W phfa DB ve phfa TN de bol dap nen nhCtng dong

~uAn(!j(lW -rr- !S!S

So 203+204

- Thang 1+2/2020

69

•...

/

I

.•.


bang rnau mb va Ijch sll khai
ven bien cOng chuyen dan
[1].

pha cac vunq dat mot
W vunq be DB ve TN

Nhu v~y, tran thuy chien Bach Dang narn

xay ra tren doan Pha Rung- song Chanh la

1288

trong rnoi truonq VCS chau tho, rna song nqay do
co Ie nonq hem va hep hon nqay nay. Chfnh mo ta
cua Nguyen Trai trong cuon

du dia chi cOng cho

thay song Bach Dang thai N ha Le hep va nonq hon

the thap hen hien nay tren duai nlla met.
Ve thuy trieu, da co nhCtng

tu lieu the hien

kha nanq bien d¢ dao d¢ng trieu hien tal Ian hon
qua 'khu S - 6 nghln narn tnroc (d¢ cao cac vet 16m
an mon tren vach da voi H~ Long co kern thee tuoi

tuyet doi C14 phan tkh W va hau ha). Dir doan
rang, che d¢ nhat trieu deu va quy luat dao d¢ng
thuy trieu thee lich mat trang khonq thay doi so
vai nqay nay, nhunq d¢ Ian trieu thai chien tran

bay gia nhieu. Trong bal "Phu Bach Dang Giang"

1288 co the nho hon hien nay khoanq 0,2 - O,Sm.

cua Truong Han Sieu cOng co cau: "Ba lau san sat;

Tuy nhlen, tat ca nhCtng dieu nay hoan toan khonq

Ben lach diu hiu ..:: Nhom cay lau lach, trong do co
cay say (Phragmites) thuonq

rnoc (j dam lay,

bal

hoac Iq nhat, kha pho

boi ven song ruroc nqot

bien (j ven be chau tho, thuoc nhorn

hoa thao,

khonq thuoc nhom su vet (Mangroves). Neu mo ta
(j bai

"Phu Bach Dang Giang" la chuan xac thl VCS

Bach Dang thai chien tran 1288 qua that la VCS
chau tho ruroc Iq va Iq nhat, khonq phai la VCS
hlnh

pheu mroc man va Iq man nhu nqay nay.
Ve

cac HST, HST rung

ng~p m~n khi ay

uu the

la cay ban chua (hlnh 11) xen lau s~y, khonq pho

rnau thuan gl vai khung canh trieu len hun9 vi (j
VCS khi ay: "Bat nqat song klnh muon darn: Thuot
tha duoi trl mot rnau"

tro cua thuy trieu
tran danh, nhunq hau nhu chua thay noi
den vai tro cua cac yeu to khac, d~c biet la vai tro
Da nhleu '1 kien noi den vai

trong

quan tronq cua dong chayva qio.

chay tren hlnh 8 va so do hoa
cac gia tr] thuc do tren hlnh 10 the hien
huang va toe d¢ dong chay tren doan chfnh song
Mo hlnh dong

dong

Bach Dang, noi true long co huang chu dao Bac-

bien duac vet, Ian ban chua nhu nqay nay. Tuy

Nam vao

nhien, rung su vet day d~c (hlnh 10) gan nhu

dong co huang chay chu dao Bac Nam tren song

khonq the I¢i b¢ xuyen qua. Vi v~y, rung ban chua

Bach Dang co toe d¢ Ian hon han dong chuyen

va lau

say de giau quan va thuyen rnanq chuan b]
cho tran danh chfnh. NhCtng HST go doi bay gia

huang vao song Chanh. Neu co cac be Ilia tha troi
tren song Bach Dang, tY I~ troi vao ora song Chanh

khi ay co the la phd bien HST rung rnua nhiet dai

ratthap.

nquyen sinh, rat nhieu cay go lim, cho phep khai
thac nhanh mot khoi luqng dang ke de dl,fng len

tran dia CQC.
Nho co qua trlnh

ng~p chlm va hlnh pheu

nqay trieu cuang khi trieu xuonq. Ta thay,

Cac be Ilia chi co the troi vao ora song Chanh
khi "muon" duqc qio huang Tay, tuonq tV nhu Gia
Cat Luqng "muon" qio huang Dong trong tran Xfch
Bfch. Nhunq

dieu nay gan nhu khonq the xay ra

hoa rna rnanq luai song VCS Bach Dang ft b] thay

trong tran chien 1288. Thong tin tren bang 1 va

doi, khacvoi dong song Ian chau tho Ian nhusonq
Hong (Vi~t Nam), hay Hoang Ha (Trung Ouoc) lien

hlnh 6 cho thay, vao mua dong nhorn qio huang
dong (j day chiem uu the tuyet doi ve tan xuat va

tuc chuyen dong thee cac chu kY co d¢ dai thai

tee d¢ so vci gio nhom huang

tay, Vi v~y, cac be Ilia

khac nhau. Tuy nhlen, true dong song Bach

tren song Bach Dang neu tha troi tV do thl gan nhu

Dang co the da di chuyen hang tram met va thai

toan b¢ troi xuoi ra phia cua Nam Trieu va troi lech

gian

chien tran Ghenh Coc co the khonq phei la nci true

ve Thuy Nguyen

dong song dl qua. Bang chirnq la true long song

Dang.

Chanh, chi la mot nhanh nho cua song Bach Dang
rna cOng da dich chuyen long mot vai tram met ve
phfanam.

thuoc

phla bo tay song Bach

Tran danh xay ra vao mua Dong, kha nang co
nhieu suong mu tren song thu~n

Iqi cho bf m~t

chuan bj va tac chien, quan h~ giCta gia m~t trai

Ve ml,fc nuac bien, nhieu tai li~u nghien cuu

(ngay dem) va gia thuy trieu (nuac cuang - nuac

cua chung toi da chung minh ml,fC nuac bien chan

rang) duqc bo trf hqp 1'1toi da. Boi canh thai tiet

tinh khoang

nghln nam

truac

thap hon hi~n nay

mua dong co the co co mua phun, nhung rat hiem

tren duai m¢t met va vao thai chien tr~n 1288 co

khi co mua Ian, nen cac be haa cong phat huy tac

70

So 203+204 - Thang 1+2/2020

~ujn(!AinW TlJ·

!(i)!(i)


NGHIEN
dunq va dam bao tfnh chac chan cho thanh conq

nghia cua

cua tran danh rat cao.

cuu - TRAG 801

tran danh can Ian hen nCta.

K~TLU~N

Qua nhieu buoc chuan b] kY Iu'ong rna quan

tronq nhat la xay d\,lng tran aia CQC,thl danh hoa
conq bang tha be Iva la buoc cuoi cunq quyet dinh

thanq lQ'i cua tran danh, C6 the, khac vai tran aia
CQCcua chien tnronq nam 938 c6 chirc nang chfnh
la "pha" - nrc la darn thunq thuyen

gi~c Nam Han

khi chunq rut chay ve phfa ha luu khi trieu rut, tran

dia coc nam 1288 chu yeu c6 chuc nang "can"
thuyen gi~c va bien phap quyet dinh la thieu chay
cac chien thuyen dich khi chunq b] don tu lai tnroc

chirc nang can, c6 the c6 nhCtng
doan CQCdonq noi tren m~t nuoc va aii diroc phu

vunq biii CQC.Vai

co nquy trang. Ngay ca biii CQCsong Chanh dii

thay rang day cunq
chi la bai CQCearn tren vunq bai boi thap, chira phai
la cho tren long chfnh cua song nay.

au'Q'c phat hien, qua phan tfch

dau la biii coc chfnh cua chien tnronq
1288? Thea phan tfch nhu tren thl ft kha nanq la
song Chanh, song Rut, rna biii coc tlm thay canh

tai khu trung tam cua
VCS Bach Dang. Hien nay, VCS nay c6 cau true vunq
cua song hlnh pheu (estuary) - mot vunq cira song
hlnh pheu nhiet aai gi6 rnua c6 thuy trieu nhat
trieu bien a(>lan aien hlnh cua the giaL Nhunq khi
xay ra chien tran, VCS nay c6 cau true chau tho
Chien tnronq

1288 nam

(delta) va bat dau chuyen dich sang qua trlnh hlnh
pheu h6a. So vai nqay nay, d~c diem dieu klen tu
nhien VCS khi ay c6 nhieu yeu to baa ton - tuonq tu
mang tfnh ke
aiemaii
ban
van

thua, nhunq cunq c6 nhCtng a~c

thay aoi nhieu. Trang ba nh6m yeu to C<1

nhat c6 lien quan la aia hlnh, khf hau va thuy
thl cac yeu to khi hau ft thay doi nhat va yeu to

dja hlnh thay doi nhieu nhat, Nqoai ra, tfnh chat
hoang

sa cua

cac h~ sinh thai rUng rnua nhiet aai

va rung ng~p man cunq c6 nhieu thay aoL

V~y

song Chanh, song Rut nhu bal coc Yen Giang, bai

cocDonqvan

chi la cac
thuyen

Muoi, bai coc Donq Ma Nqua co.the
bai phu nharn chan au'ang rut cua

gi~c sang Vinh H~ Long. Tran danh chfnh

tren song Bach Dang

va

bai cQC chfnh rat c6 kha

Cao yeu to tu nhien cua vunq chien truonq
dunq triet de va dii g6p phan tao

1288 aii au'Q'c sv
nen thang

lQ'i hoan my cua tran danh. Tuy nhien,

sire rnanh quan su va nronq quan luc 1u'Q'ngvuot
qua cac yeu to ngau nhien va bat thuonq cua aieu
kien tu nhien rnoi la yeu to quyet dinh thang

cua chien tran,

nanq earn qua dong chfnh cua song Bach Dang

GS. TS. TRAN euc

khi ay c6 cau true VCS chau tho, nonq va hep hon
hi~n nay. Neu qua v~y, quy rno, tfnh chat

TAl LI~UTHAM

lQ'i

TH~NH

Vi~n Tainguyen va M6i trLfang bien
Vi~n Han LOm KH&CN Vi~tNam

ac li~t va y

KHAo

vs

vi tri dia Iyva vi the thanh Thanq Long. Ky yeu H(>inqh] QuOc te: Phat
1. Le Duc An, Tran Due Thanh, 2010.
trien ben vCtngThu do Ha N(>ivan hien, anh hung, VI hoa blnh, Ha N(>i7-9/10/2010. Nxb. Dai hoc Oucc gia Ha
N(>i.Tr.969 - 980.

a

2. Do Tronq Blnh, Tran Anh Tu, VO Duy Vinh, 2010. Nqhien cuu danh gia Ian truyen cac chat gay nhiern khu
vl/c ora song ven bien Hai Phonq bang mo hlnh toan hoc, Bao cao DT cap thanh pho Hai Phonq. tuu trCt tai
Vi~n TN&MTB.

3. Nguyen Minh Hal, 2010. Nqhien cuu hien tl1Q'ng ruroc dang
TN&MTB.

a vung

ven bien Hai Phonq. Luu

4. Lafond, R., 1967. Etudes littorales et estuariennes en zone intertropicale
sciences naturalles. Univ. de ParisTom I (416p),11(400p),1I1(42p).
5. Tran Dlnh tan, Le Xuan Sinh, 2007.

Dir bao nguy co

a nhiem

trCt tal Vi~n

humide. These de docteur des

va de xuat giai phap bao v~ mol tnronq khu

cong nqhlep Ben Rung, huyen Thuy Nguyen, Hai Phonq. Bao cao tong ket DT cap thanh pho Hai Phonq, Luu

trCt tal Vi~n TN&MTB.

~uAn
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71

§KHOAHOC
iKinh\e~~ia
6. Pritchard, D.w., 1967. What is an
Estuary? Estuaries Pub. n083. AAAS.
Washington D.C,p. 149-157.
7. Tran Due Thanh va nnk, 1983.
H~ thong vunq cira song d ven be
Hili Phonq-Ouanq Yen. H9i nqh] "
dunq hop Iy tai nquyen va bao
v~ rnoi truonq" Ha N9i 11/1983.

sv

8. Tran Duc Thanh, 1987. Vung cua
song Bach Dang. Nqhien cuu lkh
sV Hili Phonq, N°2 trang 33-41.
9. Tran Duc Thanh, 1993. Tien hoa
d!a chat vunq cira song Bach
Dang trong Holocen. T6m ti3t Il!~n
an PTS.DHTH Ha N9i, trang1 -24.
10. Thanh, ToO.,Saito, Y., Dinh, V.H.,
Nguyen, H.C., Do, D.C. 2005.
Coastal erosion in Red River Delta:
current status and response. In
Z.Y. Chen, Y. Saito, S.L. Goodbred,
Jr. eds., Mega-Deltas
of Asia:
Geological evolution and human

impact,
China Ocean
Press,
Beijing, pp. 98- 106.
11. Tran Due Thanh va Dinh Van
Huy, 201 O. Dac trunq co ban ve
dieu kien nr nhien vunq cua song

Bach Danq.
12. Do Conq Thung va Tran Duc
Thanh, 2002. Bao ton thien nhien
va da danq sinh h9C Hili Phonq,
Bao cao koa h9C, luu trCt tai
KHCN & MT Hili Phonq.

tuan van Th9C sy. tuu trCt tai Vi~n
TN&MTB.
14.VCIDuyVinh,201 2. Nqhien cuu
d~c diem van chuyen tram tfch 10
IVng vunq ven bien Hili Phonq
bang mo hlnh Delft3d. Luan van
khoa

h9C,

twang

tat

Nghien cuu Iy thuyet ve h~ thong c1ieukhien bLlac chon vjt ache

c1¢I()p thong thLlang va khong phil thu¢c VaGcac yeu to knac trong
cac che c1¢lam vi~c c1ac1Llc;JC
c1ecap nhieu. Tuy nhien, nghien cuu h~
thong c1ieukhien buac chon vit c6 nhieu thua: toan phuc tap lien quan
c1enphon chia tdi tren may chinh, thua: toan bao v~, thu¢t toan truyen
thong vai h~ thong khac 10 mot bai toan kh6 va chua c6 bat cu nghien
cuu nao tal Vi~t Nam. Nghien cuu nay dap ung yeu cau trong c1aisong
san xud: trong viec v¢n bani: caitien cung nhLlsua chCfakhi g()p succ.

Tit khoa: H~ thong chon vit bien buac. Dieu khien va qiam sat,
Giao di~n ngLlai - may, Che c1¢c1ieukhien buac chon vjt.
Abstract

Sd

13. Tran Anh Tu, 2012. Danh gia
d~c trl1ng tram tkh 10 IVng khu
vlfc cua song ven bien Hili Phonq,

Th9C sy
DHKHTN.

Tom

The theoretical study of the propeller pitch control system (CPPs)
in normal loop mode and not dependent on other factors in the
working modes has been mentioned. However, studying the CPPshas
many complex algorithms related to load sharing on the main
machine, protection algorithms, communication
algorithms with

other systems is a difficult problem and no reseaches are written in
Vietnam. This research meets the requirements of production life in
operating, improving and repairing problems.
Key words: The propeller pitch control system, control and
monitoring, Human-machine interface, The propeller pitch control
modes

Resume:
15. Xamoilov, I. B., 1952. Cac vunq
cua song. Nxb. "Geoqraphyz',
MascCJVa,trang 1-526 (tieng Nga).

72 So203+204-Thang

ietude theonque du systeme de controle de pas d'nelice (CPH)en
mode boucle normale et ne dependant pas d'autres facteurs dans les

1+2/2020

¥um@fi"Pi·

!(!)!(!)