Bài tập Anh 8 HK2

UNIT 7. PULLUTION
A. VOCABULARY
1. affect (v)
/əˈfekt/:
2. algea (n)
/ˈældʒiː/:
3. aquatic (adj)
/əˈkwætɪk/:
4. billboard (n)
/ˈbɪlbɔːd/:
5. blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə/:
6. cause (n,v)
/kɔːz/:
7. cholera (n)
/ˈkɒlərə/:
8. come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪð/:
9. contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/:
10. contaminant (n) /kənˈtæmɪnənt/:
11. dump (v)
/dʌmp/:
12. earplug (n)
/ˈɪəplʌɡ/:
13. effect (n)
/ɪˈfekt/:
14. fine (v)
/faɪn/:
15. float (v)
/f əʊt/:
16. groundwater (n) /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/:
17. hearing loss (n) /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/:
18. illustrate (v)

/ˈɪləstreɪt/:
19. litter (n, v)
/ˈlɪtə/:
20. measure (v)
/ˈmeʒə/:
21. non-point source pollution (n)
22. permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/:
23. point source pollution (n)
24. poison (n, v)
/ˈpɔɪzn/:
25. pollutant (n)
/pəˈluːtənt/:
26. radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/:
27. radiation (n)
/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/:
28. thermal (adj)
/ˈθɜːml/:
29. untreated (adj) /ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/:
30. visual (adj)
/ˈvɪʒuəl/:

làm ảnh hưởng
tảo
dưới nước
biển quảng cáo ngoài trời
huyết áp
nguyên nhân, gây ra
bệnh tả
nghĩ ra
làm bẩn

chất gây bẩn
vứt, bỏ
cái nút tai
kết quả
phạt tiền
nổi
nước ngầm
mất thính lực
minh họa
rác vụn (mẩu giấy, vỏ lon…), vứt rác
đo
/nɒn-pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ô nhiễm không nguồn (nguồn phân tán)
vĩnh viễn
/pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/:
ơ nhiễm có nguồn
chất độc, làm nhiễm độc
chất gây ô nhiễm
thuộc về phóng xạ
phóng xạ
thuộc về nhiệt
không được xử lý
thuộc về thị giác

B. GRAMMAR
1. ĐỊNH NGHĨA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN.
Định nghĩa
Ví dụ
Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện If the weather is fine, I will go campingwith my
(if-clause) và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (result clause)
friends tomorrow.

(Nếu thời tiết đẹp thì ngày mai tơi đi sẽ đi cắm trại với
bạn của tôi.)
-> “If the weather is fine” là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện: “I
will go camping with my friends tomorrow” là mệnh
đề chỉ kết quả (mệnh đề chính)
Mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trước hay I will go camping with my friends tomorrow if the
sau đều được.
weather is fine.
II. ÔN TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1 (CONDITIONAL SENENCES TYPE 1)
Chức năng
Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Cấu trúc
If + S+ V (s/es) + (bổ ngữ) S will +Vnguyên mẫu + (bổ ngữ)
(thì hiện tại đơn)
(thì tương mai đơn)
-> Mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai.
1


Ví dụ

Lưu ý

If I have enough money, I will buy a new computer. (Nếu tơi có đủ tiền thì tơi sẽ mua một
chiếc máy tính mới.)
- If you work hard, you will make a lot of money. (Nếu bạn làm việc chăm chỉ thì bạn sẽ kiếm
được nhiều tiền.)
• Unless= If not
• If= Unless + not
Ví dụ:

- If he doesn’t do his homework, his mother will complain.
-> Unless he does homework, his mother will complain.
- If you don’t send to the hospital, she will die.
-> Unless you send her to the hospital, she will die.
Có thể dùng các động từ must, have to, can, may, should thay cho will trong mệnh đề chính.
Ví dụ:
Is It rains heavily, you can stay here. (Nếu trời mưa bạn có thể ở lại đây.)
- If you want to see that film, you must buy a ticket. (Nếu bạn muốn xem bộ phim đó thì bạn
phải mua vé.)

BÀI TẬP VẬN DUNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1. Khoanh trịn phương án đúng để hồn thành các câu sau.
1. If the weather is fine, we (goes/ will go) camping tomorrow.
2. My parents will give me a gift if I (will pass/ pass) the final exam.
3. If you are polite to others, they (will be/ are nice to you).
4. Unless James (studies/ will study) hard, he will fail the exam.
5. My parents won’t allow me to go out if I (don’t finish/ won’t finish) my homework.
6. If the cable TV (doesn’t/ won’t) work, we will rent a DVD.
7. If you don’t want to stay at home, you (go/ can go) with me to the supermarket.
8. If you (will be/ are) a good listener, you will gain many friends.
9. James won’t attend the meeting if he (won’t/doesn’t) want to.
10. You can’t have this job unless you (have/will have) long working experience.
11. What (you will do/ will you do) if it snows tomorrow?
12. You (will be/ are) able to understand it you practice every day.
13. We will eat out today if there (will be/ is) nothing left in the fridge.
14. If it (will be/ is) too cold outside, we will stay home.
15. If she (isn’t/ won’t) careful, she will make many mistakes.
Bài 2. Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. The manager (be) ________________ very angry if I am late for work.
2. You will have to work very hard if you (take)______ this course.

3. I (go) ________ to see the doctor if I don’t feel well tomorrow.
4. They can’t hear you unless you (speak) ______ louder.
5. If Peter (forget) _____________ to write his essay, the teacher (give) _____________ him a low mark.
6. If they (win) ___________ this match, they will ne the champions.
7. We (have) _________ plenty of time if we (arrive) ______ there early.
8. The zookeeper (punish) ____________ you if you (feed) ___________ the animal.
9. What ________ (Jane/ say) if Jim (tell0 _______ her the truth.
10. The boys (shiver) _____________ with cold if they (swim) ________ in this lake.
11. The door (not lock) ____________- unless you (press) ____ the green button.
12. Jim won’t be late if he (take) _______________ the bus at 6 o’clock .
13. Mary isn’t home, but if you (want) _____ to leave her a message, I (give) ________ it to her.
14. If jack (clean) ________ the floor, I (do) __________ the washing.
15. the children (be) _____ happy if you (give) _______ them some sweets.
Bài 3.Nối cột A với cột B để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
A
B
2


1. If people keep dumping rubbish into the lake,
2. If the farmers overuse pesticide,
3. Soil erosion won’t happen in an area,
4. if we don’t converse the rainforests,
5. Our health will be badly affected
6. Our environment will be damaged
7. Is we don’t protect the frontier forests,
8. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
will be reduced

a. the groundwater will be poisoned.

b. if our surrounding environment is polluted
c. they will disappear in the future.
d. unless we join hands to protect it.
e. the aquatic life will be afflicted.
f. floods will be more and more severe.
g. if people use more public transportation.
h. if people practice sustainable agricultural mad use.

1. ____
2. __________
3. _______
4. ____________
5. ____
6. __________
7. _______
8. ____________
Bài 4. Dựa vào từ cho sẵn, viết câu hoàn chỉnh.
1. If/people/ not/ stop/ dumping/ waste/ into/ rivers/,/pollution/ increase/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. If/ polar/ ice caps/ melt/ ,/huge landmasses/ be/ under/ water.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. If the air/ in/ city/ be/polluted/ ,it/can/ cause/ people’s/ respiratory/ problems.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. If/smog/ be/ frequently/ formed/ in/ city/,/it/ cause/ difficulty/ in/ breathing/ headache/ even/ lung cancer.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. If/ carbon monoxide/ concentrate/ in/ great/ amounts/, /it/ be/ harmful/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. The climate/ change/ if/ more trees/ be/ cut/ down/ for/ hardwood/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. If/ we/ not/ control/ pollution/ soon/,/it/ be/ too/ late/.

_____________________________________________________________________________
8. If/we/ not/ protect/ frontier/,/we/ suffer/ many/ from/ natural/ disasters.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Bài 5. Viết lại câu với “” if/unless” sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
1. I can’t finish this task you don’t give me a hand.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
2. You will run out of money if you don’t stop wasting it.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
3. Don’t call me unless it is an emergency.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
4. James will not pass the test unless he studies harder.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
5. If Jane finishes her work before 6 pm, she will dine out with her friends.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
6. My brother won’t go travelling this summer if he doesn’t find a companion.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
7. It is not easy to do these exercises unless you listen attentively to the teacher.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
8. If Jim doesn’t submit his essay before Tuesday, he will be punished by the teacher.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
III. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2)
Chức năng
- Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điều kiện chỉ
là một giả thiết, mọt ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại.
- Dùng để đưa ra lời khuyên.
Cấu trúc
If+ S+ V-ed + (bổ ngữ), S+ would + V nguyên mẫu + (bổ ngữ).
(thì quá khứ đơn)
3

Ví dụ

Lưu ý

-> Mệnh đề IF dùng thì q khứ đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng động từ khuyết thiếu
“would +V”
If we were a bird, I wou;d be very happy.
(Nếu tôi là một con chim tôi sẽ rất hạnh phúc)
-> Tôi không thể là chim được.
If I had a million USD, I would buy that cả. (Nếu tơi có một triệu đo la, tơi sẽ mua
chiếc xe đó.)
-> hiện tại khơng có.
- Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, ở mệnh đề ‘IF’, với chủ ngữ “ I/he/she/it” ta có thể
dùng “were ” hoặc “was” đều được.
- Ta cũng có thể dùng “could” hoặc “might” trong mệnh đề chính.
WOULD= sẽ (dạng quá khứ của WILL)
COULD = có thể (dạng quá khứ của CAN)
MIGHT = có thể (dạng quá khứ của MAY)

BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 6. Khoanh tròn vảo phương án đúng.
1. I (would buy/ bought) a new house if I had enough money.
2. If he (would try/ tried) his best, he might be successful.
3. If I (lived/ would live) in Japan, I could speak Japanese well.
4. If someone gave you a dress, which color (would you want/ you would want) it to be?
5. I would repaired the roof myself if I (would have/ had) a longer ladder.
6. You would be more comfortable now if you (didn’t/ wouldn’t) wear high heels.
7. I (wouldn’t/didn’t) buy things on the Internet if I were you.
8. If you (met/ would meet) your favorite author Mark Twain, what wouldn’t you ask him?

9. His parents would be very proud if he (wouldn’t be/ weren’t) so naughty.
10. If Jane had more money, she (would treat/ treated) herself to a decent meal.
11. If you were a billionaire, what (would you do/ did you do)/
12. If Kate owned a computer, she (would spend/ spent) most of her free time on it.
13. If I (would know/ knew) his address, I would give it to you.
14. She would look much better if her hair (didn’t look/ wouldn’t look) so unkempt.
15. If I were in your situation, I (would/ will) let the nature take its course.
Bài 7. Hoàn thành các câu sau, sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. More tourists would come to our country if we (provide) ______________ better services.
2. If I studies abroad, _____________ (we/keep) in touch with each other?
3. If someone (give) ______________ you a camera, what would you do with it?
4. If I (win) _________________ a big prize in a lottery, I (donate) _______________ apart of it and (spend)
_______________ the rest for myself.
5. What ___________ (you/do) if you found a wallet in the street?
6. I could watch foreign TV program without subtitles if I (know) _________ English.
7. He might be obese if he (not stop) __________________ taking in fat and sugar.
8. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not do) _______________ it.
9. If you (see) ________________ someone drowning, ________________ (you/save) him?
10. She (be) __________________ happier if her parents (not get) ________________ divorced.
11. If you (sleep) _____________ under a mosquito net you (not be) _______________ bitten so often.
12. I (get) _________________ a job easily if I (have) ______________________ a degree.
13. If whe (have) _________ another hair style, she (look) ___________ younger.
14. if the weather (not be) _______________________ severe, out crops (grow) _______________ faster.
15. I (keep) _____________ a horse if I could afford it.
Bài 8. Viết câu điều kiện loại 2 cho các trường hợp sau.
0/ They don’t have enough money. They cannot buy a new car.
4


->If they had enough money, they could buy a new car.

1. There isn’t a library in my neighborhood. I cannot borrow books.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. My health is not good. I don’t play extreme sports.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We cannot go for a picnic because it is pouring with rain.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. I don’t have much free time. I cannot come to your party.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Jim doesn’t have any siblings. He feels lonely sometimes.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. My father is very busy at work. He rarely has time for me.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. This camera is expensive. I can’t buy it.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. You don’t try your best. Your result will not be good.
__________________________________________________________________________________
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO.
Bài 9. Hoàn thành các câu sau, cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. We (be) ____________ happy if air pollution were the only problem.
2. They would be disappointed if you (not go) _____________ to their party.
3. If we (use) _______ this kind of light bulb, we can save energy.
4. Peter should go to sleep early if he (not want) ____________ to be tired the next morning.
5. If you (take) _______________ more exercises, you would be more resistant to diseases.
6. You may have car accident unless you (drive) ________________ more carefully.
7. If I travel to London, I (visit) ____________ its museum.
8. If they offer me the job, I think I (accept) _________________ it.
9. Many people (be) ____________ out of work if the local factory closed down.
10. What (happen) _________________ if that red button was pressed?
11. I’d be absolutely astonished if Mary and James (get) _____________ married.
12. They won’t let you in unless you (show) _____________them your identity card.

13. My best friend gave me this book. She (be) ________________ very upset if I lost it.
14. Would you mind if I (turn) ________________ up the radio.
15. I’m sure she (forgive) ______________ you if you sincerely apologize to her.
Bài 10. Đánh dấu trước câu đúng, đánh dấu x trước câu sai và viết lại cho đúng.
______ 1. Pollution can be reduced if we joined hands to prevent it.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 2. If farmers would make use of pesticide more wisely, the soil would not be poisoned.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 3. I won’t believe it unless you showed me the evidence.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 4. Unless you don’t tell me the truth, I won’t help you.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 5. If James is more outgoing, he would have more friends.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 6. I think the show would be successful if he were one of the organizers.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 7. If you paid more attention to what I said, you didn’t make so many mistakes.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 8. If children are taught about environmental issues, they might change their attitudes towards
pollution.
5


_________________________________________________________________
______ 9. You would be punished if you park your car here.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 10. If you could win the competition, we will have a celebration.
_________________________________________________________________
Bài 11. Hoàn thành các câu sau, chọn và cho dạng đúng của các độn từ cho sẵn.
happen

Reduce
Save
suffer
Cause
throw
Take
Be
change
See
1. If we use less vehicles, we _________ the amount of carbon dioxide into the air.
2. If you __________ the president, what you do to prevent air pollution.
3. If there were no fresh water left, what ____?
4. If people (not) ________________ rubbish in the street, it would look better.
5. if there wasn’t so much light in the cities at night, we __________ the starts more clearly.
6. If the water is contaminated, people ________ from many diseases.
7. If chemicals from factories are dumped into rivers and lakes, they ______ water pollution.
8. If people want to protect their planet, they should ________ their habit of using plastic bag for
convenience.
9. If we recycle paper, we ________ 1000 trees a day.
10. If people were more aware of the negative consequences of pollution, they might ______ actions to
prevent it.
C.EXERCISES
TEST 1 UNIT 7
I.
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. paddy
B. sand
C. travel
D. tribal
2. A. buffalo

B. photo
C. limestone
D. botanical
3. A. jungle
B. luggage
C. sunbathe
D. sugar
4. A. around
B. various
C. sound
D. mountains
5. A. heritage
B. giant
C. garden
D. village
II.
Choose the words that have the different stress from the others.
1. A. definition
B. electricity
C. contaminate
D. radiation
2. A. dramatic
B. overhead
C. century
D. groundwater
3. A. thermal
B. beneath
C. rubbish
D. earplug
4. A. affect

B. billboard
C. visual
D. substance
5. A. aquatic
B. behavior
C. pollution
D. permanent
III.
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. linguistic
B. classical
C. phonetic
D. romantic
2. A. fantastic
B. historic
C. comic
D. symbolic
3. A. oceanic
B. specific
C. ceramic
D. aquatic
4. A. terrific
B. Arabic
C. statistic
D. cosmetic
5. A. arithmetic
B. geographic
C. energetic
D. economic
IV.

Choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
1. If I
the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeed in life as well as you
have.
A. have
B. would have
C. had had
D. should have
2. I
you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited B. visited
C. had visited
D. visit
3.
more help, I would call my neighbor.
A. Needed
B. Should I need
C. I have needed
D. I should need
4.
then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the
years.
6


A. Had I known
B. Did I know
C. If I know
D. If I would know
5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people

the same language?
A. spoke
B. speak
C. had spoken
D. will speak
6. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this,
this incident again.
A. I will never mention
B. I never mention
C. will I never mention
D. I don’t mention
7. If I had known you were asleep, I
so much noise when I came in.
A. didn’t make
B. wouldn’t have made
C. won’t make
D. don’t make
8. Unless you
all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered
B. answer
C. would answer
D. are answering
9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I
it.
A. would have never believed
B. don’t believe
C. hadn’t believed
D. can’t believe
10. If Jake

to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree
B. didn’t agree
C. hadn’t agreed
D. wouldn’t agree
11. Jane: “John went to the hospital alone”,
Katy: “If
, I would have gone with him”.
A. had he told me
B. he had told me
C. he has told me
D. he would tell me
12. If you
, I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to watch T.V, but I
didn’t want to bother you.
A. had studied
B. studied
C. hadn’t studied
D. didn’t study
13. Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?”
Mary: “If I had needed, I
you".
A. would call
B. called
C. would have called D. will call
14. If someone
into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A. comes
B. came
C. come

D. should come
15. “Here’s my phone number”.
“Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I
some help tomorrow”
A. will need
B. need
C. would need
D. needed
16. If I didn’t work for an accounting firm, I
in a bank now.
A. work
B. will work
C. have worked
D. would work
17. The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions
improved.
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. had been
18. The education in Japan
if the basic principles of education had not been taken into
consideration.
A. would go down
B. would have gone down
C. went down
D. had gone down
19. If there
, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been enough water

B. were enough water
C. would be enough water
D. are enough water
20. The patient will not recover unless he
an operation.
A. had undergone
B. would undergo
C. undergoes
D. was undergoing
21. If she
him, she would be very happy.
A. would meet
B. will meet
C. met
D. should meet
22. If he
a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A. had had
B. had
C. has
D. has had
23. If I had enough money, I
abroad to improve my English.
7


A. will go
B. would go
C. went
D. should have go to

24. The bench would collapse if they
on it.
A. stood
B. stand
C. standing
D. stands
25. If it
convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
A. be
B. is
C. was
D. were
V.
Complete the sentences with the correct verb form in the bracket.
1. If we meet at 9:30, we (have)
plenty of time.
2. If you (find)
a pen in the cellar, don’t mention it to anyone.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (feed)
the animals.
4. If you pass your examination, we (have)
a celebration.
5. Lisa would find the milk if she (look)
for it in the fridge.
6. What (happen)
if I press this button?
7. The door will be unlocked if you (press)
the green button.
8. I should have voted for her if I (have)
a vote then.

9. If you go to Paris, where you (stay)
?
10. If you (swim)
in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold.
11. Unless you (tell)
the truth, I won’t help you.
12. You’ll get pneumonia if you (not change)
your wet clothes.
13. If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus, I (not buy)
it.
14. If they (hang)
that picture lower, people would be able to see it.
15. She (be)
able to walk faster if she didn’t have such high-heel shoes.
16. I (bring)
you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
17. If you had touched that electric cable, you (be)
electrocuted.
18. If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print)
it.
19. I (not buy)
things on the installment system if I were you.
20. Dan (arrive)
safe if he drove slowly.
VI.
Correct the verbs form to complete the sentences.
1. If you (go)
away, please write to me.
2. If he (eat)
another cake, he will be sick.

3. I (not do)
that if I (be)
you.
4. If he (take)
my advice, everything can go well.
5. He never does homework. If he (do)
his homework, he (not worry)
about his exam.
6. What you (do)
if she refuses your invitation?
7. If today (be)
Sunday, we (go)
to the beach.
8. Unless they (pass)
their examinations, they would join the army.
9. You (be)
ill if you drink that water.
10. If Tom (go)
to bed earlier, he would not be so tired.
11. If it’s raining heavily, we (not go)
for a donkey ride.
12. If he (try)
hard, he’ll pass the examination.
13. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak)
more slowly.
14. If I (finish)
the work in time, I (go)
to the football game.
15. If you (see)
Mary today, please (ask)

her to call me.
VII.
Complete the sentences with the correct verb form in the bracket.
1. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose)
?
2. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get)
thick.
3. If the milkman (come)
, tell him to leave two pints.
4. I (call)
the office if I were you.
5. Someone (sit)
on your glasses if you leave them there.
6. You would hear my explanation if you (not talk)
so much.
7. What you (do)
if you hear the burglar alarm?
8


8. If you (read)
the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong
question.
9. If Mel (ask)
her teacher, he’d have answered her questions.
10. I would repair the roof myself if I (have)
a long ladder.
11. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go)
mad.
12. If you were made redundant, what you (do)

?
13. We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run)
out of petrol here.
14. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be)
fit to drink.
15. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand)
you.
16. I’ll probably get lost unless he (come)
with me.
17. You (not have)
so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
18. If you (wear)
a false beard, nobody would have recognized you.
19. If she (leave)
the fish here, the cat will eat it
20. You (have)
no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
VIII.
Fill in each blank with the correct preposition.
1. Land pollution is responsible for damage done
natural habitat of animals.
2. Americans throw
twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year.
3. Scientists have come up
new ways of saving energy.
4. Thousands of people were exposed
radiation when the nuclear plant exploded.
5. Waste water from many factories which is dumped
water bodies directly causes water
pollution.

IX.
Read the passage and complete the sentences. True (T) or false (F).
Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities. Motor vehicles, factories and other sources create so
much air pollution that it may hang in the air like dirty fog. Air pollution threatens the health of the people
who live in cities. City wastes cause water pollution when they are poured into the waterways. These wastes
kill fish and make some areas unfit for swimming. In addition, many large cities have difficulties in
disposing of their garbage. The amount of garbage grows each year, but places to put it are quickly filling
up. Citizens, governments, industries, scientists, and business people must work together in different ways to
gradually reduce pollution. For example, most cities have introduced recycling programmes.







1. Motor vehicles and factories are among some sources of air pollution.
2. Air pollution doesn’t endanger people’s health in some cities.
3. Air pollution is the only problem of the environment mentioned in this passage.
4. Garbage disposal is a problem in many large cities.
5. Everyone must cooperate to reduce pollution.
6. We can reduce pollution by recycling programmes only.
X.
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
Light pollution is not (1)
serious as water or air pollution. (2)
, it is the type of pollution
that (3)
more in cities than in rural areas. In the past, we could sit out at night and (4)

at glittering stars in the sky and light from objects in the outer space. Nowadays, cities are covered with
lights from buildings, streets, advertising displays, many of which direct the lights up into the sky and into
many unwanted places. The real problem is that it is very (5)
to apply light to almost
everything at night. Millions of tons of oil and coal (6)
to produce the power to light the
sky. Eye strain, (7)
of vision and stress are what people may get from light pollution. (8)
light at night can harm our eyes and also harm the hormones that help us to see things properly.
1. A. as
B. more
C. much
D. only
2. A. Moreover
B. However
C. Therefore
D. Nevertheless
3. A. happen
B. occur
C. occurs
D. is occurred
4. A. watch
B. see
C. spend
D. gaze
5. A. waste
B. wasteful
C. wasting
D. wastes
9

6. A. used
B. using
C. is used
D. are used
7. A. lose
B. lost
C. loss
D. losing
8. A. Very much
B. Too much
C. Too many
D. So many
XI.
Read the following passage and then answer the questions below it.
Air pollution is a cause of ill-health in human beings. In a lot of countries there are laws limiting the
amount of smoke which factories can produce. Although there isn’t enough information on the effects of
smoke in the atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution causes lung diseases.
The gases from the exhausts of cars have also increased air pollution in most cities. The lead in petrol
produces a poisonous gas which often collects in busy streets surrounded by high buildings. Children who
live in areas where there is a lot of lead in the atmosphere cannot think as quickly as other children and they
are clumsy when they use their hands.
There are other long-term effects of pollution. If the gases in the atmosphere continue to increase, the
earth’s climate may become warmer. A lot of the ice near the Poles may melt and may cause serious floods.
1. What can make people sick?
____________________________________________________
2. Where does smoke come from?
____________________________________________________
3. Can air pollution cause lung diseases?

____________________________________________________
4. What else can cause air pollution in cities?
____________________________________________________
5. Why does the earth’s climate become warmer?
____________________________________________________
XII.
Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time
Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from
household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw away. What
can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by doing simple
things.
First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can also
reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not hard to
place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it.
Second, we need to watch the amount of water used at home. It can be conserved by taking short
showers instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only when fully
loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth.
Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible, but should also try to use this
waste effectively. For example, grass clippings and food scraps can be made into compost for plants. The
average person produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount by recycling and
reusing.
If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted.
1. Pollution is caused from the following sources except
.
A. water in rivers
B. water from households
C. wastes
D. house chemicals
2. Recycling can help us

.
A. never cut down trees
B. produce more paper products
C. place garbage bins easily
D. use products again and again
3. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except
.
A. fully use the washing machine
B. repair leaky faucets
C. take short showers instead of baths
D. turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth
4. Recycling helps to reduce waste because
.
10


A. plants need to develop
B. waste can be recycled and reused
C. a person can do it in his home
D. an average man produces compost for plants
5. The word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to
.
A. cutting down
B. the number
C. recycling
D. effort
TEST 2 UNIT 7
I. Write the words from the box in the correct part of the table, according to the stress pattern.
scenic
sonic

fantastic
historic
republic
arithmetic
energetic
political

economic
supersonic
systematic
comic
romantic
traffic
botanical
tropical

terrific
statistic
phonetic
heroic
microscopic
elastic
classical
vertical

Arabic
cosmetic
emphatic
specific
magic

ceramic
typical
practical

kinetic
aerobic
sympathetic
scientific
fabric
aquatic
logical
critical

linguistic
symbolic
automatic
mechanic
oceanic
geographic
numerical
mythical

Oo

Ooo

oOo

II.

oOoo
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A.terrific
B.Arabic
C.statistic
D.cosmetic
2. A.arithmetic B.geographic
C.energetic
D.economic
3. A.linguistic B.classical
C.phonetic
D.romantic
4. A.fantastic B.historic
C.comic
D.symbolic
5. A.oceanic B.specific
C.ceramic
D.aquatic
III. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1.
habitats have been destroyed in recent years. (nature)
2. A number of cleaning products contain
chemicals. (harm)
3. Water samples collected at these villages were seriously
with
bacteria. (contaminate)
4. People believe that the
water has brought cancer to the local residents.
(pollution)
5. Light pollution make us

to see the stars in the sky. (able)
6. Noise is considered as
pollution. (environment)
IV. Complete the sentences, using the correct form ofthe words in brackets.
1. The soil becomes
because of the use of so many pesticides and fertilizers.
(contaminate)
2.
waste spills can contaminate groundwater.(industry)
3. In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading causeof
. (die)
11


4.
elements have been found in both ground and underground water sources.
(pollute)
5. Fish and many other animals are killed by
in their habitat.(pollute)
6. Astronomers are concerned about light pollution because they have
in
viewing
activities in the sky and outer space. (difficult)
V. Combine each pair of sentences, using conditional sentences type 1.
1. A person looks at the sky at night. He is not able to see the Milky Way by naked eye.
2. Noise pollution happen regularly. It causes stressor nuisance.
3. Water pollution gets more serious in the future. It affects the development of economy the pollution and
society.
4. Australia has invested in water in Viet Nam with good results. Haft of the population in the rural areas
has access to fresh water.

5. You use compact light bulbs. You save a lot of energy.
6. We have more space. We plant more trees.
VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following

passage.
Light pollution is not (1)
serious as water or air pollution. (2)
, it is the type of
pollution that (3)
more in cities than in rural area. In the past, we could sit out at night and (4)
at glittering stars in the sky and light from objects in the outer space. Nowadays, cities are covered
with lights from buildings,streets, advertising displays, many of which direct the lights up into the sky and
into many unwanted places. The real problem is that it is very (5)
to apply light to almost
everything at night. Millions of tons of oil and coal (6)
to produce the power to light the sky.
Eye strain, (7)
of vision and stress are what people may get from light pollution. (8)
light at night can harm our eyes and also harm hormones that help us to see things properly.
1. A. more
B. as
C. much
D. only
2. A.Moreover
B. However
C. Therefore
D. Nevertheless
3. A. happen
B. occur
C. occurs

D. is occurred
4. A.watch
B. see
C. spend
D. spend
5. A. waste
B. wastes
C. wasting
D. wasteful
6. A. used
B. using
C. is used
D. are used
7. A. lose
B. lost
C. loss
D. losing
8. A. Very much
B. Too much
C.Too many
D.So many
VII. Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow.
There are many causes that lead to water pollution. One man cause of this issue is waste water coming
from many factories and then being directly pulled out into water bodies, especially into rivers or seas
without any treatmentbecause this is the most convenient way of disposing waste water. Industrial waste
consists of some kind of chemical substance such as sulphur, which is harmful for marine life. Lead is
known as the main reason for cancer disease. Cancer has become a popular disease in several communes
which are called "cancer villages". Another cause is the awareness of citizens, people always use water
for many purposes and then they dump waste water or garbage directly into rivers, canal, and ponds and
son on. In 2004, because of bird flu outbreak in Vietnam, people threw poultry to water body that made

water highly polluted.
Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each blank.

12


Answer

A
convenient

B
1.
A. birds, like hens ducks, geese… that are kept for eggs and
(adj)
meat
2. marine (adj)
B. knowledge
3. awareness (n)
C. connected with the sea
4. outbreak (n)
D. suitable or practical for a particular purpose
5. poultry (n)
E. the sudden beginning of something unpleasant
Task 2: Read the passages again, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
T
F
6. Waste water from many factories which is dumped into water bodies directly causes



water pollution.
7. Dumping waste directly into water is the most convenient way of disposing waste water. 

8. Sulphur is believed the main reason for cancer.


9. Cancer villages occurred in 2004.


10. Due to lack of awareness, people poisoned water with dead poultry when there was bird 

flu outbreak in 2004.
VIII. Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow.
Space Pollution
The launch of Sputnik I and Yuri Gagarin, the first human being in space, marked the beginning of
space exploration and the beginning of a new and unfamiliar type of pollution.
Satellites, solar panels, rocket bodies and fragment from space shuttles that are floating in space and
are no longerfunctional are considered space debris. This pollution of man-made objects in space affects
us here on Earth as well and will continue to affect us in future travel. In 1978, the Soviet Union Kosmos
954, which contained a nuclear power source, reentered over Canada and left debris over an area the size
of Austria. In 1969, five Japanese sailors were injured by pieces of space debris that hit their ship. The
largest piece, weighing one thousand pounds, in Australia in 1979.
Many solutions are being considered by scientists and engineers. However, the challenge to finding a
solution lies within all of the nations which take part in the space exploration.
Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each blank.
Answer
A
B
1. shuttle
A.broken pieces of something larger

2. functional
B. made by people
3. debris
C. a vehicle in which people travel into space and back again
4. man-made
D. a way of finding an answer to a problem
5. solution
E. working; being used
Task 2: Read the passage again, and then answer the following questions.
6. What are some examples of space pollution?
7.

What are the effects of space pollution?

8.

What did Kosmos 954 cause to Canada?

9.

Why were Japanese sailor injured in 1969?

10. Is it easy for all the nations taking part in the space exploration to find solutions?
IX. Choose the word or phrase among A B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
Have a walk (1)
a beach, listen to the sound of the sea waves, and suddenly you see a
lot of rubbish on the beach. Pollution takes away all the (2)
of out beaches. I feel reallyvery
annoyed (3)I see plastic lying on the sand, cigarette ends buried in the sand, and soda cans floating in the

sea.
13


There are a lot of things that we can do. (4)
we see rubbish, we should do our part in the
protecting the land (5)
picking it up and throwing it in dust bins. (6)
, we can form some kind
of organization that helps (7)
the beaches. If everyone does their part, the beach will be a
wonderful and beautiful place. We need to start now (8)
the beaches are damaged beyond repair.
1. A. at
B.in
C.on
D.over
2. A. beauty
B.beautiful
C.beautifully
D.being beautiful
3. A.before
B.after
C.When
D.While
4. A.While
B.If
C.Unless
D.Soon
5. A.by

B.with
C.of
D.in
6. A.Nevertheless
B.Therefore
C.However
D.Moreover
7. A.cleaning up
B.clean up
C.cleaning up
D.clean off
8. A.before
B.after
C.until
D.when
X. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time
Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from
household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw away.
What can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by doing
simple things.
First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can also
reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not hard to
place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it.
Second, we need to watch the amount of water used in the home. It can be conserved by taking short
showers instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only when
fully loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth.
Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible, but should also try to use this
waste effectively. For example, grass clippings and food scraps can be made into compost for plants. The
average person produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount by recycling and

reusing.
If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted.
1. Pollution can be caused from the following sources except
.
A. house chemicals
B. water from households
C. wastes
D. water in rivers
2. Recycling can help us
.
A. never cut down trees
B. use products again and again.
C. place garbage bins easily
D. produce more paper products
3. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except
.
A. take short showers instead of baths
B. repair leaky faucets
C. fully use the washing machine
D. turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth
4. Recycling helps to reduce waste because
.
A. plants need to develop
B. a person can do it in his home
C. waste can be recycled and reused
D. an average man produces compost for plants
5. The word "It" in paragraph 2 refers to
.
A. recycling B. the number
C. cutting down

D. effort
XI.
Write a paragraph about noise pollution (definition, causes, effects and solutions), using the
cues given.
1. Noise pollution/ any loud sounds/ either harmful or annoying/ humans and animals.
2. Generally/ noise/ produced/ household appliances/ big trucks/ vehicles and motorbikes/ on the road/
planes and helicopters flying over cities/ loud speakers, etc.
14


3. Noise solution/ cause/ stress/ illnesses/ hearing loss/ sleep loss/ lost productivity.
4. Health effects/ noise/include/ anxiety/ stress/ headaches/ irritability/ nervousness.
5. Noise-producing industries/ airports/ bus terminals/ should/ located/ far/ living places.
6. The officials/ check/ misuse/ loudspeakers/ outdoor parties and discos/ as well as/ public announcement
systems.
XII. Rewrite the sentences, using the words in brackets. You can make some changes.

1. There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illnesses when air pollution happens.(leads to)
2. Aquatic life suffers or dies because there is thermal pollution.(because of)
3. Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the waste water is released from
the paper mill in Thai Nguyen City.(so)
4. People use much herbicide to treat weeds, so waterin rivers, canals, lakes are extremely polluted and has
bad effects on people’ health. (because)
5. May fish in the river die due the increased temperature of water.(because)
6. Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still exist in the environment today.
(so)
XIII. Combine each pair of sentences, using the words/ phrases in brackets. You can make some

1.

changes.
We are unable to see the stars in the sky.Light pollution occurs.(makes)

2. Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse. They reflect artificial and sun
light. (because)
3. All sound are not noise. Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes beyond its certain limit, for
example, above 80 decibels. (because)
4. More and more noise is created by modern civilization. It has now become a major environmental
pollutant, especially in urban areas. (so)
5. Contamination in the air happens. There is acid rain which damages soil, vegetation and aquatic life
of the region. (causes)
6. Noise pollution is one of the major causes of stress and anxiety. People suffer from stress and anxiety.
(because of)
XIV. Based on the context, make conditional sentences type 2 from the clues.
15


1. My home hasn't installed a solar water heater. If/ my home/ install/ a solar water heater/ we/ save a
lot of energy.
2. Not all households in Viet Nam turn off lights during the Earth Hour. If/ all households/ Viet Nam/
turn offlights/ the Earth Hour/ we/ save enough electricity/ develop our rural areas.
3. Some students in our school still throw litter on the school ground. If/ students/ our school/ not throw
litter/ the school ground/ our campus/ look/ greener fresher.
4. People use aluminum cans instead of glass bottles. If/ people use/ glass bottles/ they/ use/ again and
again.
5. Our school ground is large but we don't have a wind turbine. If/ we/ install/ a wind turbine/ our school/
become/ more eco-friendly.
6.

People don’t use organic fertilizers. If/ people/ use/ organic fertilizers/ they/ prevent/ land pollution.

7. A large number of people ride their motorbikes to work. If/ people/ ride/ bikes/ they/ keep/ air/ less
polluted.
8. That factory doesn’t have a wastewater treatment system. If/ that factory/ have/ waste water treatment
system/ river/ not become/ so polluted.

TEST 3 UNIT 7
I. Find the words that has different stress pattern in each line.
1. A. dramatic
B. rhythmic
C. angelic
2. A. affect
B. algae
C. billboard
3. A. political
B. electrical
C. identical
4. A. aquatic
B. radiation
C. pollution
5. A. industry
B. industrial
C. poison
II. Find the words that has different stress pattern in each line.
1. A. domestic
B. possible
C. physical
2. A. mineral
B. national
C. economic

3. A. photograph B. organism
C. organic
4. A. historical
B. industry
C. political
5. A. popular
B. romantic
C. financial

D. romantic
D. cholera
D. politic
D. logical
D. poisonous\
D. musical
D. politic
D. atmosphere
D. humidity
D. adverbial

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete these sentences.

1.

2.

3.
4.

Air pollution is severe in

.
A. cities
B. densely populated areas
C. industrialised areas
D. all of these
Main sources of noise pollution are
.
A. transportation equipment
B. musical instruments
C. heavy machinery
D. both A and C
One of the best solutions to get rid of non-biodegradable wastes is
.
A. burning
B. dumping
C. recycling
D. buying
Which of the following is not as a consequence of global warming?
A. increased agricultural productivity worldwide
B. rising sea level
C. worsening health effects
16


D. increased storm frequency and intensity
The water temperature in streams, rivers, oceans change is the effect of
.
A. radioactive pollution
B. thermal pollution
C. light pollution

D. visual pollution
6. Which sentences are not the causes of water pollution?
A. Factories dump industrial waste into lakes and rivers.
B. Sewage from households.
C. People burn fossil fuels.
D. Farmers use pesticides to kill insects and herbicides to kill weeks.
7. When does thermal pollution take place?
A. Sun heats up the lakes and ponds.
B. Hot water from factories drains into rivers and ponds.
C. When hot oil drains into rivers and lakes.
D. None of these
8. Nuclear waste is the pollutant of
.
A. air pollution B. water pollution
C. radioactive pollution D. soil pollution
9. Which of the following is how to control air pollution?
A. Maintaining a healthy distance between the industrial and residential areas.
B. Minimum use of loudspeakers and amplifiers especially near silence zones.
C. Don't throw chemicals, oils, paints and medicines into the river.
D. planting trees
10. Thousands of deer and animals are killed on the road by vehicles in the evening because the glare of
cars blinds them is the effect of
.
A. air pollution B. visual pollution
C. thermal pollution
D. light pollution
5.

IV. Choose the correct answers.

1.

Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct,
the rainforests are being destroyed.
A.therefore
B. since
C.consequently
D. so
2. Hemp can be used to make paper,
it could reduce the need for logging.
A.consequently B.due to
C. so
D. since
3.
logging provides jobs and profits, the government is reluctant to control it.
A. so
B.Consequently
C. Since
D. Due to
4. Hemp was grown throughout history
its versatility; it can be used to make many different things.
A. due to
B. because
C. since
D. as a result
5. Hempis related to the marijuana plant;
it is illegal in many countries.
A. so
B. due to
C. as a result

D. because
6. The polluted chemical waste was dumped into the ocean;
, the mass of fish died.
A. because
B. as
C. because of
D. consequently
7. It was guessed that the fish died
a powerful toxin in the sea water.
A. because of B. because
C. since
D. as a result
8. Many species in BC are threatened
logging.
A. so
B. because
C. since
D. due to
9. Smoking can
heart disease.
A. lead to
B. create
C. causes
D. due to
10. Radioactive pollution is increasing
the increased use of radioactivity.
A. as
B. since
C. because of
D. because

V. Complete the table with appropriate verbs, nouns and adjectives.

Verb
1.
to edit

Noun

Adjective

Danger
2.

Dangerous
editing/ edited
17


to annoy
to instruct
5.
to interest
to choose
to heat
9.

3.
Instruction
Drama
Interest

7.
Heat
Low

annoying/annoyed
4.
Dramatic
6.
Choosing
8.
Low

VI. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Walking alone late at night can be (danger)
.
2. The latest (edit)
of this book contains many illustrative pictures.
3. Her younger sister can be (annoy)
when she behaves haughtily.
4. You must read the (instruct)
carefully before you use the new oven.
5. We were taken aback at the (drama)
changes in our village; each home owns a computer
now.
6. It is always (interest)
to watch the cubs at play.
7. My mother advised me to be careful in my (choose)
of friends.
8. The (hot)
makes everybody very drowsy during the lesson in class.

9. The couple came here at the special (invite)
of the prime minister.
10. Please (low)
the volume of your voice. I can even hear you from next door.
VII. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 1.

1. If people (pollute)
the environment, a lot of animals (die)
.
2. If water (consist)
germs, people (get)
ill.
3. If the poles (melt)
, huge landmasses (be)
under water.
4. Many precious animals (disappear)
, if people (cut down)
trees.
5. If nuclear waste (throw)
away, it (be)
very dangerous.
6. If the emission of CO2 (continue)
at high rate, the climate (destroy)
7. We (save)
the trees If we (save)
paper.
8. If schools (teach)
about environmental problems, All students (know)
protect the environment.
9. If more people (travel)

by bike or bus, we (not have)
traffic jam.
10. If the government (fine)
heavily to the factories, they (not dump)
into the ocean.

.
h

to

sewage

VIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 2.

1. If I (be)
the president, I (pass)
harder regulations for using fertilizers in agriculture.
2. If I (be)
you, I (not eat)
that genetically modified potatoes.
3. If big corporations (care)
more about the environment and less about their own pockets, the
pollution from factories (not increase)
so fast.
4. He
(sort)
his trash, if he (be)
smart.
5. If the seas (pollute)

, maybe the population of whales (recover)
.
6. If I (not throw)
this can of Coke into the bushes, I (not know)
that Coke is poison for wild animals.
7. If the factories (not dump)
untreated waste into the ocean, fish (die)
massively.
8. What (do)
you if you (be)
President.
9. If the air (not be)
dirty, the breathing problems (reduce)
.
10. If I (own)
a lonely island, I (build)
a huge house by the beach.
IX. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
18


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.

If you (send)
this letter now, she (receive)
it tomorrow.
Kate (go)
shopping if she (have)
time in the afternoon.
She (spend)
a year in the USA if it (be)
easier to get a green card.
If her boyfriend (phone/ not)
today, she (leave) him.
If you (go)
by bike more often, you (be/ not) so flabby.
If he (have)
more time, he (earn)
karate.
He (not buy)
so much clothes if he (not have)
.
If I (play)
the lottery yesterday, I (have) a chance to hit the jackpot.
If I (be) )
rich, my life (change)
completely.
I (invite) )
all my friends if I (have) )
a house by the beach.

X. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

If you come with me, I (do)
the shopping with you.
Wilson (help)
his mother in the garden if she shows him how to do.
If it (rain)
, I will stay at home.
Our teacher will be happy if we (learn)
the poem by heart.
If they had enough money, they (buy)
a new car.
We (pass)
the exam if we studied harder.
If Pat (repair)
his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.
She would get 100 pounds if she (sell)
this old shelf.
If I were you, I (invite)

Jack to the party.
If the weather (be)
fine, the children can walk to school.

XI.
Pollution and its Negative Effects
Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced directly or
indirectly. Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be affected and
altered permanently by pollution.
Pollution occurs when ecosystems can not get rid of substances introduced into the environment. The
critical threshold of its ability to naturally eliminate substances is compromised and the balance of the
ecosystem is broken.
The sources of pollution are numerous. The identification of these different pollutants and their
effects on ecosystems is complex. They can come from natural disasters or the result of human activity, such
as oil spills, chemical spills nuclear accidents... These can have terrible consequences on people and the
planet where they live: destruction of the biodiversity, increased mortality of human and animal species,
destruction of natural habitat, damage caused to the quality of soil, water and air ..
Preventing pollution and protecting the environment necessitate application of the principles of
sustainable development. We have to consider satisfy the needs of today without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their needs. This means that we should remedy existing pollution, but also
anticipate and prevent future pollution sources in order to protect the environment and public health. Any
environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay compensation for the damage
caused to the environment.
1. Now match the words with their correct descriptions.
1. remedy
A. The condition or process of degrading or being degraded
2. compromise
B. On or relating to the earth
3. terrestrial
C. The variety of plant and animal life in the world

4. biodiversity
D. An agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making
concessions.
5. degradation
E. The state of being subject to death
6. mortality
F. Eliminate a disease or condition with medical treatment.
Your answers:
19


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2. Read the text again then answer the questions below.
1. What is the pollution?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. When does pollution occur?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. How is the sources of pollution?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. What can the pollutants of pollution be?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. List three effects of pollution.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Should polluters pay compensation for the damage caused to the environment?
_______________________________________________________________________________

XII. Read the text then choose the best answer.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
In recent years the problem of environmental pollution has become a serious problem in big cities in our
country. So, what are reasons and possible measures for this problem?
Nowadays, we are living in a city with high population density, so domestic waste is the first reason.
Then many people's social consciousness is not high. In several areas, they throw rubbish on streets, canals
and rivers. It is easy for us to see rubbish of all kinds floating on the water. Moreover, uncultured people
even pee in the public place.
Now, let's come to other reasons. Our city is overloaded with vehicles that expel a lot of smoke and dust.
This contributes to the heat of the air, and causes pollution.
Besides that, in several places, trees have been cut down to have room for buildings, hotels, or
supermarkets. This makes the atmosphere in our city mug and stuffy.
New words:
muggy (adi) nồm ẩm, oi bức
stuffy (adi) ngột ngạt
1. What is not the reasons of environmental pollution?
A. high population density
B. smoke and dust from vehicles
C. domestic waste
D. the new drainage system
2. What is the first reason of environmental pollution?
A. domestic waste
B. smoke and dust from vehicles
C. population density
D. rubbish on streets
3. What is the synonym of the word "consciousness"?
A. awareness B. unculture
C. unconsciousness
D. awakeness

4. Why vehicles cause air pollution?
A. Vehicles make the atmosphere in our city muggy and stuffy.
B. Because they expel a lot of smoke and dust.
C. Because they consume too much gasoline.
D. Because many people use motorbikes and cars nowadays.
5. How is the drain system in our city?
A. It’s very modern.
B. It's downgrade. _________
C. It is new.
D. It is very old and downgrade
XIII. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect relationship. Use

1.

cause and effect signal word or phrase given in brackets.
One effect of global warming is that sea levels are rising. The polar icecaps are melting. (because)
_______________________________________________________________________________
20


2.
3.
4.
(so)
5.

The global population has increased. There are much better levels of nutrition. (because of)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution. (lead to)
_______________________________________________________________________________

In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut. 142 species of salmon have become extinct.
_______________________________________________________________________________
The fish and other aquatic animals have died. The water is polluted. (due to)
_______________________________________________________________________________

XIV. Write conditional sentences type I or II for these situation.

l.

People eat dirty food. They can be cancer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. A factory directly discharges a large volume of waste water into the Thi Vai River. The river is polluted.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Farmers use polluted water to water their plants. People eat these plants, they become sick with diseases
such as diarrhea, bacterial inflections even cancer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Thermal pollution takes place. The water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans will increase
or decrease suddenly.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. People live in radioactive pollution area. They can be skin cancer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
XV. Complete the sentence by filling in a cause or an effect as required.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6.

7.
8.

Melanie did not go to school yesterday because
.
Due to
, Jason was late for work again.
If
, there won't be enough space in the car for each.
Mai works late every Friday so that
.
Owing to
, the tickets were all sold out.
Global warming leads to
.
I woke up late this morning because
.
A big ships spill oil in Pacific ocean which causes

.

UNIT 8. ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
CÁC QUỐC GIA NÓI TIẾNG ANH
A. VOCABULARY
1. Aborigines (n) /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniz/
2. absolutely (adv) /ˈæbsəluːtli /
3. accent (n)
/ˈæksent/
5. cattle station (n) / ˈkætl ˈsteɪʃn/
6. ghost (n)

/ɡəʊst/
7. haunt (v)
/hɔːnt/
8. icon (n)
/ˈaɪkɒn/
9. kangaroo (n)
/ˌkæŋɡəˈruː/
10. koala (n)
/kəʊˈɑːlə/
11. kilt (n)
/kɪlt/
12. legend (n)
/ˈledʒənd/
13. loch (n)
/lɒk/
14. official (adj)
/əˈfɪʃl/
15. parade (n)
/pəˈreɪd/

thổ dân châu Úc
tuyệt đối, chắc chắn
giọng điệu4. awesome (adj) /ˈɔːsəm/ tuyệt vời
trại gia súc
ma
ám ảnh, ma ám
biểu tượng
chuột túi
gấu túi
váy ca-rô của đàn ông Scotland

huyền thoại
hồ (phương ngữ ở Scotland)
chính thống/ chính thức
cuộc diễu hành
21


16. puzzle (n)
/ˈpʌzl/
17. schedule (n)
/ˈʃedjuːl/
18. Scots/ Scottish (n) /skɒts/ ˈskɒtɪʃ/
19. state (n)
/steɪt/
20. unique (adj)
/juˈniːk/

trị chơi đố
lịch trình, thời gian biểu
người Scotland
bang
độc đáo, riêng biệt

B. GRAMMAR
I. CÁC THÌ HIỆN TẠI (PRESENT TENSES)
Thì
Cấu trúc
Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Hiện tại đơn
* Động từ thường

Everyday/week/month/year…, in
(+) S + V_s/es + O
the morning/ afternoon/ evening/
(-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V + O
always; usually; often; sometimes;
(?) Do/Does + S + V + O?
seldom; rarely; frequently; …
* Động từ Tobe
(+) S + am/is/are +O
(-) S + am/ is/ are not + O
(?) Am/ Is/ Are + S + O?
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
(+) S + am/ is/ are + V_ing + O.
Now, at the moment, at the present,
(-)S + am/ is/ are + not V_ing + O
Look! Listen! At this time, right
(?) Am/ Is/ Are + S + V_ing + O?
now, now,…
Hiện tại hoàn thành
(+) S+ have/ has + VpII +O.
Just, yet, never, ever, already, so
(-)S+ have/ has + not VpII +O.
far, up to now, since, for, recently,
(?) Have/ Has + S + VpII +O?
lately, until now, up to present, …
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng
1. The Smith (is having/ are having) a barbecue in the backyard right now.
2. The train (just leaves/ has just left) for 10 minutes.
3. The police (haven’t caught/ hasn’t caught) the burglars yet.

4. Jim (is still reading/ has still read) the book he borrowed from the local library last week.
5. (Have you ever tried/ Are you ever trying) Indian cuisine before? No, this is my first time.
6. At present, my father (is having/ has) a car and a motorbike.
7. You should arrive at the airport before &:30 because the plane (takes off/ are taking off) at sharp 8.
8. Who (is/are) James talking to?
9. I (have read/read) five science books so far.
10. Coffee (has always been/ is always) my favorite drink since I was 20.
11. Why (are you always talking/ do you always talk) with your mouth full?
12. What (are you doing/ do you do) now? I am a linguist.
13. Look! It (is pouring/ pours) with rain.
14. Have you finished your homework yet? No, actually I (am working/ work) on it.
15. Mr. Brown (is sleeping/ has slept). I can hear his loud snoring.
Bài 2. Điền các trạng từ cho sẵn vào chỗ trống sao cho thích hợp
Always
rarely
yet
for
Since
often
never
now
1. James has ______ tried Japanese food before. This is the first time.
2. My brother is _________ waking up late in the morning.
3. They haven’t seen each other _____________ the last winter.
4. To be honest, I ___________ do morning exercises because I hate getting up early.
5. Have you ever been to a foreign country __________?
6. The Smith have lived in this neighborhood ________ 5 years.
7. My mother _____________ goes shopping with friends when she has free time.
8. _________ Jim is playing the piano while his sister is singing along.
Bài 3. Chia động từ trong ngoặc sao cho thích hợp.

22


1. Where’s Mary? She (listen) __________________ to a new CD in her room.
2. Don’t forget to take your umbrella with you today. You know it (be) _____________ the raining season
now.
3. Jean always (learn) __________ English at this time every day but today she (not study) _______ at the
moment.
4. What time _____________ (the meeting/ happen) tomorrow? I (not know) ___________________ it yet.
I (wait) _________________ for the announcement.
5. Where _______ (you/live) since you moved from your old house?
6. Look! The sun (rise) __________ over the ocean. This is the most amazing scene I (ever/ see)
______________.
7. He (speak) _________ Japanese so well because He (come) ___________ from Japan.
8. ________ (you/ usually/ go) for Christmas or _________ (you/stay) at home?
9. Look! Your friend (hold) ___________ some roses. They (look) ____________ lovely.
10. _____________ (you/ finish) your assignment yet? No, I ________________.
11. My father usually (walk) __________ to work but now hw (drive) __________________ his car.
12. I (not think) _________ Mary (sleep) __________ because I can hear some noise from her room.
13. My grandparents (bring) ____________ me up since I was very small.
14. How long ____________ (Peter/ work) in his firm?
15. James (always/ complain) __________. It (be) ________ hard to please him.
16. I (just/ realize) _______ that there are only four weeks to the end of them.
17. This is the second time I (be) _____ to London.
18. Now the children (not want) _______ to go to sleep. They (prefer) ___________ their mother to tell
them bedtime stories.
19. _____ (they. Want) a horror movie before? Yes, they (watch) __________ a plenty of such movies
before.
20. Jim (cook) __________ so tired now. He (work) ______________________ non-stop since the morning.
Bài 4. Đặt câu hỏi cho phần gạch châ của những câu dưới đây.

1. Mary has moved to her new house for 4 months.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. The airplane takes off at 6pm tomorrow.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. James and Jane are helping an old man cross the road.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. The children visit their grandparents every two months.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. This dress costs me $100 to buy.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. The couple has sent a letter to their daughter.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. Many people are queuing in front of the shop because a hot item is on sale.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. They have watched this movie three times.
________________________________________________________________________________
9. My mother is always complaining about my untidiness.
________________________________________________________________________________
10. I often learn a new word by making sentences with it.
________________________________________________________________________________
B. THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN VÀ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN DIỄN TẢ TƯƠNG LAI
(PRESENT SIPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE)
Cách dùng
Ví dụ
Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả tương lai khi nói về lịch làm - The train leaves Plymouth at 11:30 and arrives in
23


việc, thời gian biểu, lịch trình tàu xe… (như giao London at 14:45 (Đồn tàu sẽ rời Plymouth lúc 11h30
thơng cơng cộng, lịch chiếu phim, lịch phát sóng và sẽ đến Ln Đơn lúc 14h45.)

chương trình truyền hình…)
- It’s Friday tomorrow. (Ngày mai là thứ 6)
- The final exam is in May. (Bài kiểm tra cuối cùng
diễn ra vào tháng 5.)
Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn được sử dụng với nghĩa tương lai - What are you doing on Saturday evening?(Bạn sẽ
khi diễn tả một kế hoạch trong tương lai gần (có dự làm gì vào tối thứ 7?)
định trước)
- I’m not working tomorrow, so we can go out
somewhere.(Ngày mai tôi sẽ khơng làm việc vì vậy
chúng ta có thể đi chơi đâu đó.)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 5. Khoanh trịn vào phương án đúng, thì hiện tại đơn hoặc thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.
1. Tomorrow the sun (rises/is rising) at 6.44 and it (sets/ is setting) at 18.33.
2. I (don’t do anything/ am not doing anything) tonight. I want to relax.
3. What time (do you meet/ are you meeting) John on Sunday?
4. This year the school (ends/ is ending) on 28 June.
5. After the reconstruction the supermarket (opens/ is opening) on Monday again.
6. I can’t help you. I (see/ am seeing) the doctor this afternoon.
7. We’ve already booked our holiday. We (go/ are going) to Rome in May.
8. Could you meet us at the airport tomorrow morning? The plane (lands/ is landing) at 10.15.
9. The piano concert (doesn’t start/ is not starting) at 8 o’clock. It’s cancelled.
10. (Do you have/ Are you having) your birthday party this week or next week? I forgot.
Bài 6. Sửa lại lỗi sai được gạch chân trong mỗi câu sau.
1. Mike and Fred is leaving tomorrow morning.
Mike and Fred ________________ tomorrow morning.
2. Look, the concert is beginning at 6 o’clock.
Look, the concert __________________ at 6 o’clock.
3. Do you do anything tonight?
___________________ anything tonight?
4. Excuse me, what time the ship lands?

Excuse me, what time ________________________ ?
5. I see my doctor this afternoon.
I ______________________ my doctor this afternoon.
6. Where do you go on your holiday next summer?
Where ______________________ on your holiday next summer?
7. The train is not leaving at 10.15. it is arriving at 10.15.
. The train _________________ at 10.15. It __________________ at 10.15.
8. Do you give Jill anything for her birthday this year?
_____________________ Jill anything for her birthday this year?
9. This winter term classes are ending on 8 March.
This winter term classes ________________________ on 8 March.
Bài 7. Gạch chân dưới các cum từ chỉ thời gian. Sau đó cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì
Hiện tại đơn hoặc Hiền tại tiếp diễn.
1. I __________________ Peter tonight. He __________________ us to a restaurant. (meet/ take)
2. The ferry ________________ at 9.00 from Dover and _______________ at 10.45 in Calais. (leave, land)
3. My parents _______________ their wedding anniversary next Sunday. They _____________ to Paris
(celebrate, go)
4. I ________________________ a lecture this afternoon. And I _________ tomorrow either. (not give, not
teach)
5. Why ______ the exhibition ___________ tomorrow? When _____ it _____________ place instead? (not
open, take)
24


6. How _________ you ____________to the party tonight? _____________ you _____________ a bus?
(get, catch)
Bài 8. Dựa vào từ cho sẵn, sắp xếp lại các từ và viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh ở thì Hiện tại đơn hoặc thì
Hiện tại tiếp diễn sao cho phù hợp.
1. to the dentist/ go/ I/ tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. tonight/ with/ have/ our business partner/ we/ dinner.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. on/ my holiday/ July/ begin/ 10th
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. depart/ the train/ at 11.30/ platform 5/ from/.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. to Africa/ you. When exactly/ fly/.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. end/ when/ the art exhibition/.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. go/ to the garden/ Miss Pitt/ on Sunday/.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. at 9.45/as usual/ the plane/ take off/.
__________________________________________________________________________________
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 9. Chia động từ trong ngoặc sao cho thích hợp
Jim: Hello there, Daisy! Long time no see! It (1. Be) _____________________ great to see you again.
Daisy: Oh, Jim! Hello! What a coincidence! (2. Not see) _________________ you for ages! It is great to see
you. What (3. You do) _____________ in London now or (4. You/ just visit) __________________ ?
Jim: Well, an engineering company (5.just offer) ______________ me a job, so I decided to rent a small
apartment near my company. Now I (6.look) ___________________ for one with high standard but
reasonable price.
Daisy: Oh, I think it (7.be) ________________________ very difficult to find that perfect apartment. You
should lower your standard if you (8.want) ______________ to find a cheap place to live.
Jim: Yeah, you (9.be) ___________ right. Hey, Daisy, let’s talk about you recently. (10.You still/work)
___________ at the restaurant near your house?
Daisy: No, Jim. I quitted it three months ago. I couldn’t get on well with my manager. He (11.always shout)
___________ even when my co-workers and I (12.make) ______________ just a small mistakes. Now I am
employed by a restaurant in the city center.
Jim: (13. It/be) _____________________ very far from your house?

Daisy: It is. Every day I (14.have) ________________ to take the earliest train to commute to work. It
(15.set) ________________ off at 5am and it (16.often take) __________________ me half an hour to travel
to work.
Jim: You must wake up early in the morning.
Daisy: It was hard for me in the first few weeks but things (17.get) _________________ better and better
now. I (18.be) _______________ quite satisfied with my job now.
Bài 10. Dựa vào các từ cho sẵn, viết câu hoàn chỉnh.
1. They/not/want/ to/ buy/ new/ car/ now/ because/ they/not/ have/ enough/ money/ yet/.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. You/ever/ speak/ to/ foreigner/ before?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. I/ not/ know/ when/ the/ train/ leave/.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Rose/ often/ walk/ school/ but/ today/ she/ ride/ new/ bike/ at/ present/.
__________________________________________________________________________________
25