Materials Science and Engineering Handbook CRC press 2001 pdf

Shackelford, James F. et al “Frontmatter”
Materials Science andEngineeringHandbook
Ed. James F. Shackelford & W. Alexander

Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001
CRC
MATERIALS SCIENCE
AND
ENGINEERING
HANDBOOK
THIRD EDITION
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
CRC Press
James F. Shackelford
Professor of Materials Science and Engineering
Division of Materials Science and Engineering
and
Associate Dean of the College of Engineering
University of California, Davis
William Alexander
Research Engineer
Division of Materials Science and Engineering
University of California, Davis
CRC
MATERIALS SCIENCE
AND
ENGINEERING
HANDBOOK
THIRD EDITION
©2001 CRC Press LLC

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CRC materials science and engineering handbook / [edited by] James F. Shackelford,
William Alexander.—3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8493-2696-6 (alk. paper)
1. Materials—Handooks, manuals, etc. I. Shackelford, James F. II. Alexander,
William, 1950 Feb. 13-
TA403.4 .C74 2000
620.1

′1

—dc21 00-048567


disclaimer Page 1 Wednesday, October 25, 2000 1:50 PM
©2001 CRC Press LLC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 Structure of Materials
Electronic Structure of Selected Elements
Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements
Periodic Table of the Elements
Periodic Table of Elements in Metallic Materials
Periodic Table of Elements in Ceramic Materials
Periodic Table of Elements in Polymeric Materials
Periodic Table of Elements in Semiconducting Materials
Periodic Table of Elements in Superconducting Metals
Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements
Bond Length Values Between Elements
Periodic Table of Carbon Bond Lengths (Å)
Carbon Bond Lengths
Carbon Bond Lengths in Polymers
Bond Angle Values Between Elements
Key to Tables of Crystal Structure of the Elements

The Seven Crystal Systems
The Fourteen Bravais Lattices
Periodic Table of the Body Centered Cubic Elements
Periodic Table of the Face Centered Cubic Elements
Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Close Packed Elements
Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Elements
©2001 CRC Press LLC
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
Table of Contents
Structure of Ceramics
Atomic Mass of Selected Elements
Solid Density of Selected Elements
Density of Iron and Iron Alloys
Density of Wrought Stainless Steels
Density of Stainless Steels and Heat-Resistant Alloys
Density of Aluminum Alloys
Density of Copper and Copper Alloys
Density of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys
Density of Nickel and Nickel Alloys
Density of Lead and Lead Alloys
Density of Tin and Tin Alloys
Density of Wrought Titanium Alloys
Density of Titanium and Titanium alloys
Density of Zinc and Zinc Alloys
Density of Permanent Magnet Materials
Density of Precious Metals
Density of Superalloys
Density of Selected Ceramics
Density of Glasses
Specific Gravity of Polymers

Density of 55MSI Graphite/6061 Aluminum Composites
Density of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals
Density of Si
3
N
4
Composites
CHAPTER 2 Composition of Materials
Composition Limits of Tool Steels
Composition Limits of Gray Cast Irons
Composition Limits of Ductile Irons
Composition Ranges for Malleable Irons
Composition Ranges for Carbon Steels
Composition Ranges for Resulfurized Carbon Steels
Composition Ranges for Alloy Steels
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Table of Contents
Composition of Stainless Steels
Composition of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys
Classification of Copper and Copper Alloys
Composition Ranges for Cast Aluminum Alloys
Composition Ranges for Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Composition of Tin and Tin Alloys
Compositions of ACI Heat-Resistant Casting Alloys
Composition of Zinc Die Casting Alloys
Compositions of Wrought Superalloys
Typical Composition of Glass-Ceramics
CHAPTER 3 Phase Diagram Sources
Phase Diagram Sources

CHAPTER 4 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data
Bond Strengths in Diatomic Molecules
Bond Strengths of Polyatomic Molecules
Solubility of Copper and Copper Alloys
Heat of Formation of Inorganic Oxides
Phase Change Thermodynamic Properties for The Elements
Phase Change Thermodynamic Properties of Oxides
Melting Points of the Elements
Melting Points of Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Melting Points Of Ceramics
Heat of Fusion For Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Heats of Sublimation of Metals and Their Oxides
Key to Tables of Thermodynamic Coefficients
Thermodynamic Coefficients for Selected Elements
Thermodynamic Coefficients for Oxides
Entropy of the Elements
Vapor Pressure of the Elements at Very Low Pressures
Vapor Pressure of the Elements at Moderate Pressures
Vapor Pressure of the Elements at High Pressures
Vapor Pressure of Elements and Inorganic Compounds
©2001 CRC Press LLC
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
Table of Contents
Values of The Error Function
Diffusion in Metallic Systems
Diffusion of Metals into Metals
Diffusion in Semiconductors
CHAPTER 5 Thermal Properties of Materials
Specific Heat of the Elements at 25 ˚C
Heat Capacity of Ceramics

Specific Heat of Polymers
Specific Heat of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics
Thermal Conductivity of Metals (Part 1)
Thermal Conductivity of Metals (Part 2)
Thermal Conductivity of Metals (Part 3)
Thermal Conductivity of Metals (Part 4)
Thermal Conductivity of Alloy Cast Irons
Thermal Conductivity of Iron and Iron Alloys
Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum and aluminum alloys
Thermal Conductivity of Copper and Copper Alloys
Thermal Conductivity of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys
Thermal Conductivity of Nickel and Nickel Alloys
Thermal Conductivity of Lead and Lead Alloys
Thermal Conductivity of Tin, Titanium, Zinc and their Alloys
Thermal Conductivity of Pure Metals
Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics
Thermal Conductivity of Glasses
Thermal Conductivity of Cryogenic Insulation
Thermal Conductivity of Cryogenic Supports
Thermal Conductivity of Special Concretes
Thermal Conductivity of SiC-Whisker-Reinforced Ceramics
Thermal Conductivity of Polymers
Thermal Conductivity of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics
Thermal Expansion of Wrought Stainless Steels
Thermal Expansion of Wrought Titanium Alloys
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Table of Contents
Thermal Expansion of Graphite Magnesium Castings
Linear Thermal Expansion of Metals and Alloys

Thermal Expansion of Ceramics
Thermal Expansion of SiC-Whisker-Reinforced Ceramics
Thermal Expansion of Glasses
Thermal Expansion of Polymers
Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Materials for Integrated Circuits
Thermal Expansion of Silicon Carbide SCS–2–Al
ASTM B 601 Temper Designation Codes
for Copper and Copper Alloys
Temper Designation System for Aluminum Alloys
Tool Steel Softening After 100 Hours
Thermoplastic Polyester Softening with Temperature
Heat-Deflection Temperature
of Carbon- and Glass-Reinforced Engineering Thermoplastics
CHAPTER 6 Mechanical Properties of Materials
Tensile Strength of Tool Steels
Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Irons
Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Iron Bars
Tensile Strength of Ductile Irons
Tensile Strength of Malleable Iron Castings
Tensile Strength of Austenitic Stainless Steels
Tensile Strength of Ferritic Stainless Steels
Tensile Strength
of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels
Tensile Strength of High–Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels
Tensile Strength of Martensitic Stainless Steels
Tensile Strength of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys
Tensile Strength of Aluminum Casting Alloys
Tensile Strength of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Tensile Strength of Cobalt-Base Superalloys
Tensile Strength of Nickel-Base Superalloys

©2001 CRC Press LLC
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
Table of Contents
Tensile Strength
of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature
Tensile Strength of Wrought Titanium Alloys at High Temperature
Tensile Strength of Refractory Metal Alloys
Tensile Strength of Ceramics
Tensile Strength of Glass
Tensile Strength of Polymers
Tensile Strength of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics
Tensile Strength
of Carbon- and Glass-Reinforced Engineering Thermoplastics
Strength of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals
Tensile Strength of Graphite/Magnesium Castings
Tensile Strength of Graphite/Aluminum Composites
Tensile Strength of Graphite/Aluminum Composites
Tensile Strength of Silicon Carbide SCS–2–Al
Ultimate Tensile Strength of Investment Cast Silicon Carbide SCS–Al
Ultimate Tensile Strength
of Silicon Carbide–Aluminum Alloy Composites
Tensile Strength of SiC-Whisker–Reinforced Aluminum Alloy
Ultimate Tensile Strength
of Aluminum Alloy Reinforced with SiC Whiskers vs. Temperature
Ultimate Tensile Strength
of Reinforced Aluminum Alloy vs. Temperature
Tensile Strength
of Polycrystalline–Alumina–Reinforced Aluminum Alloy
Tensile Strength of Boron/Aluminum Composites
Compressive Strength of Gray Cast Iron Bars

Compressive Strength of Ceramics
Compressive Strength of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic
Ultimate Compressive Strength
of Investment Cast Silicon Carbide SCS–Al
Yield Strength of Tool Steels
Yield Strength of Ductile Irons
Yield Strength of Malleable Iron Castings
Yield Strength of Austenitic Stainless Steels
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Table of Contents
Yield Strength of Ferritic Stainless Steels
Yield Strength of Martensitic Stainless Steels
Yield Strength of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels
Yield Strength of High–Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels
Yield Strength of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys
Yield Strength of Cast Aluminum Alloys
Yield Strength of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Yield Strength of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature
Yield Strength of Wrought Titanium Alloys at High Temperature
Yield Strength of Cobalt-Base Superalloys
Yield Strength of Nickel-Base Superalloys
Yield Strength of Commercially Pure Tin
Yield Strength of Polymers
Yield Strength of SiC-Whisker–Reinforced Aluminum Alloy
Yield Strength of Reinforced Aluminum Alloy vs. Temperature
Yield Strength of Polycrystalline–Alumina–Reinforced Aluminum Alloy
Compressive Yield Strength of Polymers
Flexural Strength of Polymers
Flextural Strength of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Shear Strength of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Torsion Shear Strength of Gray Cast Fe
Hardness of Gray Cast Irons
Hardness of Gray Cast Iron Bars
Hardness of Malleable Iron Castings
Hardness of Ductile Irons
Hardness of Tool Steels
Hardness of Austenitic Stainless Steels
Hardness of Ferritic Stainless Steels
Hardness of Martensitic Stainless Steels
Hardness of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels
Machinability Rating of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys
Hardness of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Hardness of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature
©2001 CRC Press LLC
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
Table of Contents
Hardness of Ceramics
Microhardness of Glass
Hardness of Polymers
Hardness of Si
3
N
4
and Al
2
O
3
Composites
Coefficient of Static Friction for Polymers

Abrasion Resistance of Polymers
Fatigue Strength of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Reversed Bending Fatigue Limit of Gray Cast Iron Bars
Impact Energy of Tool Steels
Impact Strength of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature
Impact Strength of Polymers
Impact Strength of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics
Impact Strength of
Carbon- and Glass-Reinforced Engineering Thermoplastics
Fracture Toughness of Si
3
N
4
and Al
2
O
3
Composites
Tensile Modulus of Gray Cast Irons
Tension Modulus of Treated Ductile Irons
Tensile Modulus of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics
Tensile Modulus of Graphite/Aluminum Composites
Tensile Modulus of Investment Cast Silicon Carbide SCS–Al
Tensile Modulus of Silicon Carbide SCS–2–Al
Young’s Modulus of Ceramics
Young’s Modulus of Glass
Elastic Modulus of Wrought Stainless Steels
Modulus of Elasticity of Wrought Titanium Alloys
Modulus of Elasticity in Tension for Polymers
Modulus of Elasticity

of 55MSI Graphite/6061 Aluminum Composites
Modulus of Elasticity of Graphite/Magnesium Castings
Modulus of Elasticity of Graphite/Aluminum Composites
Modulus of Elasticity of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals
Modulus of Elasticity of SiC-Whisker–Reinforced Aluminum Alloy
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Table of Contents
Modulus of Elasticity
of Polycrystalline–Alumina–Reinforced Aluminum Alloy
Modulus of Elasticity of Boron/Aluminum Composites
Compression Modulus of Treated Ductile Irons
Modulus of Elasticity in Compression for Polymers
Bulk Modulus of Glass
Shear Modulus of Glass
Torsional Modulus of Gray Cast Irons
Torsion Modulus of Treated Ductile Irons
Modulus of Elasticity in Flexure for Polymers
Flexural Modulus of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics
Flexural Modulus
of Carbon- and Glass-Reinforced Engineering Thermoplastics
Modulus of Rupture for Ceramics
Rupture Strength of Refractory Metal Alloys
Rupture Strength of Superalloys
Modulus of Rupture for Si
3
N
4
and Al
2

O
3
Composites
Poisson's Ratio of Wrought Titanium Alloys
Poisson’s Ratio for Ceramics
Poisson’s Ratio of Glass
Poisson's Ratio of Silicon Carbide SCS–2–Al
Compression Poisson’s Ratio of Treated Ductile Irons
Torsion Poisson’s Ratio of Treated Ductile Irons
Elongation of Tool Steels
Elongation of Ductile Irons
Elongation of Malleable Iron Castings
Elongation of Ferritic Stainless Steels
Elongation of Martensitic Stainless Steels
Elongation of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels
Elongation of High–Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels
Total Elongation of Cast Aluminum Alloys
Elongation of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys
Elongation of Commercially Pure Tin
©2001 CRC Press LLC
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
Table of Contents
Elongation of Cobalt-Base Superalloys
Elongation of Nickel-Base Superalloys
Ductility of Refractory Metal Alloys
Elongation of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature
Elongation of Wrought Titanium Alloys at High Temperature
Total Elongation of Polymers
Elongation at Yield for Polymers
Ultimate Tensile Elongation of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Total Strain of Silicon Carbide SCS–2–Al
Area Reduction of Tool Steels
Reduction in Area of Austenitic Stainless Steels
Reduction in Area of Ferritic Stainless Steels
Reduction in Area of High–Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels
Reduction in Area
of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels
Reduction in Area of Martensitic Stainless Steels
Reduction in Area of Commercially Pure Tin
Area Reduction of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature
Area Reduction of Wrought Titanium Alloys at High Temperature
Strength Density Ratio of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals
Modulus Density Ratio of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals
Viscosity of Glasses
Internal Friction of SiO
2
Glass
Surface Tension of Elements at Melting
Surface Tension of Liquid Elements
CHAPTER 7 Electrical Properties of Materials
Electrical Conductivity of Metals
Electrical Resistivity of Metals
Electrical Resistivity of Alloy Cast Irons
Resistivity of Ceramics
Volume Resistivity of Glass
Volume Resistivity of Polymers
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Table of Contents
Critical Temperature of Superconductive Elements

Dissipation Factor for Polymers
Dielectric Strength of Polymers
Step Dielectric Strength of Polymers
Dielectric Constant of Polymers
Dielectric Breakdown of Polymers
Dielectric Breakdown of Polymers
Tangent Loss in Glass
Electrical Permittivity of Glass
Arc Resistance of Polymers
CHAPTER 8 Optical Properties of Materials
Transmission Range of Optical Materials
Transparency of Polymers
Refractive Index of Polymers
Dispersion of Optical Materials
CHAPTER 9 Chemical Properties of Materials
Water Absorption of Polymers
Standard Electromotive Force Potentials
Galvanic Series of Metals
Galvanic Series of Metals in Sea Water
Corrosion Rate of Metals in Acidic Solutions
Corrosion Rate of Metals in Neutral and Alkaline Solutions
Corrosion Rate of Metals in Air
Corrosion Rates of 1020 Steel at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Grey Cast Iron at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Ni–Resist Cast Iron at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of 12% Cr Steel at 70˚
Corrosion Rates of 17% Cr Steel at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of 14% Si Iron at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Stainless Steel 301 at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Stainless Steel 316 at 70˚F

Corrosion Rates of Aluminum at 70˚F
©2001 CRC Press LLC
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
Table of Contents
Corrosion Resistance of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys
Corrosion Rates of 70-30 Brass at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Copper, Sn-Braze, Al-Braze at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Silicon Bronze at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Hastelloy at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Inconel at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Nickel at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Monel at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Lead at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of Titanium at 70˚F
Corrosion Rates of ACI Heat–Resistant Castings Alloys in Air
Corrosion Rates for ACI Heat–Resistant Castings Alloys in Flue Gas
Flammability of Polymers
Flammability of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics
CHAPTER 10 Selecting Structural Properties
Selecting Atomic Radii of the Elements
Selecting Ionic Radii of the Elements
Selecting Bond Lengths Between Elements
Selecting Bond Angles Between Elements
Selecting Density of the Elements
CHAPTER 11 Selecting Thermodynamic
and Kinetic Properties
Selecting Bond Strengths in Diatomic Molecules
Selecting Bond Strengths of Polyatomic Molecules
Selecting Heat of Formation of Inorganic Oxides
Selecting Specific Heat of Elements

Selecting Specific Heat of Polymers
Selecting Melting Points of The Elements
Selecting Melting Points of Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Selecting Melting Points of Ceramics
Selecting Heat of Fusion For Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Selecting Entropy of the Elements
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Table of Contents
Selecting Diffusion Activation Energy in Metallic Systems
CHAPTER 12 Selecting Thermal Properties
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Metals
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Metals at Temperature
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Alloy Cast Irons
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics at Temperature
Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Polymers
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Tool Steels
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Tool Steels at Temperature
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Alloy Cast Irons
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Ceramics
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Glasses
Selecting Thermal Expansion of Polymers
Selecting Thermal Expansion Coefficients
for Materials used in Integrated Circuits
Selecting Thermal Expansion Coefficients
for Materials used in Integrated Circuits at Temperature
CHAPTER 13 Selecting Mechanical Properties
Selecting Tensile Strength of Tool Steels
Selecting Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Irons

Selecting Tensile Strength of Ductile Irons
Selecting Tensile Strengths of Malleable Iron Castings
Selecting Tensile Strengths of Aluminum Casting Alloys
Selecting Tensile Strengths of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Selecting Tensile Strengths of Ceramics
Selecting Tensile Strengths of Glass
Selecting Tensile Strengths of Polymers
Selecting Compressive Strengths of Gray Cast Iron Bars
Selecting Compressive Strengths of Ceramics
Selecting Compressive Strengths of Polymers
Selecting Yield Strengths of Tool Steels
©2001 CRC Press LLC
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
Table of Contents
Selecting Yield Strengths of Ductile Irons
Selecting Yield Strengths of Malleable Iron Castings
Selecting Yield Strengths of Cast Aluminum Alloys
Selecting Yield Strengths of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Selecting Yield Strengths of Polymers
Selecting Compressive Yield Strengths of Polymers
Selecting Flexural Strengths of Polymers
Selecting Shear Strengths of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Selecting Torsional Shear Strengths of Gray Cast Iron Bars
Selecting Hardness of Tool Steels
Selecting Hardness of Gray Cast Irons
Selecting Hardness of Gray Cast Iron Bars
Selecting Hardness of Ductile Irons
Selecting Hardness of Malleable Iron Castings
Selecting Hardness of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Selecting Hardness of Ceramics

Selecting Microhardness of Glass
Selecting Hardness of Polymers
Selecting Coefficients of Static Friction for Polymers
Selecting Abrasion Resistance of Polymers
Selecting Fatigue Strengths of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Selecting Reversed Bending Fatigue Limits of Gray Cast Iron Bars
Selecting Impact Energy of Tool Steels
Selecting Impact Strengths of Polymers
Selecting Tensile Moduli of Gray Cast Irons
Selecting Tensile Moduli of Treated Ductile Irons
Selecting Young’s Moduli of Ceramics
Selecting Young’s Moduli of Glass
Selecting Moduli of Elasticity in Tension for Polymers
Selecting Compression Moduli of Treated Ductile Irons
Selecting Modulus of Elasticity in Compression for Polymers
Selecting Bulk Moduli of Glass
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Table of Contents
Selecting Moduli of Elasticity in Flexure of Polymers
Selecting Shear Moduli of Glass
Selecting Torsional Moduli of Gray Cast Irons
Selecting Torsional Moduli of Treated Ductile Irons
Selecting Moduli of Rupture for Ceramics
Selecting Poisson’s Ratios for Ceramics
Selecting Poisson’s Ratios of Glass
Selecting Compression Poisson’s Ratios of Treated Ductile Irons
Selecting Torsion Poisson’s Ratios of Treated Ductile Irons
Selecting Elongation of Tool Steels
Selecting Elongation of Ductile Irons

Selecting Elongation of Malleable Iron Castings
Selecting Total Elongation of Cast Aluminum Alloys
Selecting Total Elongation of Polymers
Selecting Elongation at Yield of Polymers
Selecting Area Reduction of Tool Steels
CHAPTER 14 Selecting Electrical Properties
Selecting Electrical Resistivity of Alloy Cast Irons
Selecting Resistivity of Ceramics
Selecting Volume Resistivity of Glass
Selecting Volume Resistivity of Polymers
Selecting Critical Temperature of Superconductive Elements
Selecting Dissipation Factor for Polymers at 60 Hz
Selecting Dissipation Factor for Polymers at 1 MHz
Selecting Dielectric Strength of Polymers
Selecting Dielectric Constants of Polymers at 60 Hz
Selecting Dielectric Constants of Polymers at 1 MHz
Selecting Tangent Loss in Glass
Selecting Tangent Loss in Glass by Temperature
Selecting Tangent Loss in Glass by Frequency
Selecting Electrical Permittivity of Glass
Selecting Electrical Permittivity of Glass by Frequency
©2001 CRC Press LLC
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
Table of Contents
Selecting Arc Resistance of Polymers
CHAPTER 15 Selecting Optical Properties
Selecting Transmission Range of Optical Materials
Selecting Transparency of Polymers
Selecting Refractive Indices of Glasses
Selecting Refractive Indices of Polymers

CHAPTER 16 Selecting Chemical Properties
Selecting Water Absorption of Polymers
Selecting Iron Alloys in 10% Corrosive Medium
Selecting Iron Alloys in 100% Corrosive Medium
Selecting Nonferrous Metals for use in a 10% Corrosive Medium
Selecting Nonferrous Metals for use in a 100% Corrosive Medium
Selecting Corrosion Rates of Metals
Selecting Corrosion Rates of Metals in Corrosive Environments
Selecting Flammability of Polymers
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Dedication
To
Penelope and Scott
Li-Li and Cassie
2.1 Front Matter Page xvii Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford, James F. et al “Structure of Materials”
Materials Science andEngineeringHandbook
Ed. James F. Shackelford & W. Alexander
Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001
List of Tables
1
CHAPTER 1 Structure of Materials
Subatomic Structure
Electronic Structure of Selected Elements
Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements
Atomic Structure
Periodic Table of the Elements
Periodic Table of Elements in Metallic Materials

Periodic Table of Elements in Ceramic Materials
Periodic Table of Elements in Polymeric Materials
Periodic Table of Elements in Semiconducting Materials
Periodic Table of Elements in Superconducting Metals
Bond Structure
Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements
Bond Length Values Between Elements
Periodic Table of Carbon Bond Lengths (Å)
Carbon Bond Lengths
Carbon Bond Lengths in Polymers
Bond Angle Values Between Elements
Crystal Structure
Key to Tables of Crystal Structure of the Elements
The Seven Crystal Systems
3.0 Structure Page 1 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC
CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering
2
List of Tables
(Continued)
Structural Properties
The Fourteen Bravais Lattices
Periodic Table of the Body Centered Cubic Elements
Periodic Table of the Face Centered Cubic Elements
Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Close Packed Elements
Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Elements
Structure of Ceramics
Density
Atomic Mass of Selected Elements
Solid Density of Selected Elements

Density of Iron and Iron Alloys
Density of Wrought Stainless Steels
Density of Stainless Steels and Heat-Resistant Alloys
Density of Aluminum Alloys
Density of Copper and Copper Alloys
Density of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys
Density of Nickel and Nickel Alloys
Density of Lead and Lead Alloys
Density of Tin and Tin Alloys
Density of Wrought Titanium Alloys
Density of Titanium and Titanium alloys
Density of Zinc and Zinc Alloys
Density of Permanent Magnet Materials
Density of Precious Metals
Density of Superalloys
Density of Selected Ceramics
Density of Glasses
Specific Gravity of Polymers
Density of 55MSI Graphite/6061 Aluminum Composites
Density of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals
Density of Si
3
N
4
Composites
3.0 Structure Page 2 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00
©2001 CRC Press LLC
Shackelford & Alexander
Structural Properties
3

Table 1. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF SELECTED ELEMENTS

At. Element Sym Electronic Configuration
No.
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 7s
1 Hydrogen H 1
2 Helium He 2
3 Lithium Li . 1
4 Beryllium Be . 2
5 Boron B . 2 1
6 Carbon C . 2 2
7 Nitrogen N . 2 3
8 Oxygen O . 2 4
9 Fluorine F . 2 5
10 Neon N . 2 6
11 Sodium Na . . . 1
12 Magnesium Mg . . . 2
13 Aluminum Al . . . 2 1
14 Silicon Si . . . 2 2
15 Phosphorus P . . . 2 3
16 Sulfur S . . . 2 4
17 Chlorine Cl . . . 2 5
18 Argon Ar . . . 2 6
19 Potassium K . . . . . 1
20 Calcium Ca . . . . . 2
21 Scandium Sc . . . . . 1 2
22 Titanium Ti . . . . . 2 2
23 Vanadium V . . . . . 3 2
24 Chromium Cr . . . . . 5 1
25 Manganese Mn . . . . . 5 2

26 Iron Fe . . . . . 6 2
27 Cobalt Co . . . . . 7 2
28 Nickel Ni . . . . . 8 2
29 Copper Cu . . . . . 10 1
30 Zinc Zn . . . . . 10 2
31 Gallium Ga . . . . . 10 2 1
32 Germanium Ge . . . . . 10 2 2
33 Arsenic As . . . . . 10 2 3
34 Selenium Se . . . . . 10 2 4
35 Bromine Br . . . . . 10 2 5
36 Krypton Kr . . . . . 10 2 6
37 Rubidium Rb . . . . . . . . 1
38 Strontium Sr . . . . . . . . 2
39 Yttrium Y . . . . . . . . 1 2
40 Zirconium Zr . . . . . . . . 2 2
41 Niobium Nb . . . . . . . . 4 1
42 Molybdenum Mo . . . . . . . . 5 1
43 Technetium Tc . . . . . . . . 6 1
44 Ruthenium Ru . . . . . . . . 7 1
45 Rhodium Rh . . . . . . . . 8 1
46 Palladium Pd . . . . . . . . 10
47 Silver Ag . . . . . . . . 10 1
48 Cadmium Cd . . . . . . . . 10 2
49 Indium In . . . . . . . . 10 2 1
50 Tin Sn . . . . . . . . 10 2 2
51 Antimony Sb . . . . . . . . 10 2 3
52 Tellurium Te . . . . . . . . 10 2 5
53 Iodine I . . . . . . . . 10 2 5
54 Xenon Xe . . . . . . . . 10 2 6
3.1 Structure Page 3 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00

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