Công nghệ sơ chế mủ cao su doc


LỜI NÓI ®Çu
 !"#$%&'
()*+$%,-)./0%12
%3)4'1567/8 )9+8+:,-)
;*+)+4)<+=109+8+>#%
;,? ?-)@#AB)1-A/%$;'
#C@2++D7$EFG+)C /++D<;HIIJ)
C+DK1@2+@@2LM$NOA$PD30)/2
@2)3$'G 2@2)3$G)*++D
QG B3#A++0)J /++D<3
OA'-R#A /++D<3+2A+4B+%+S
$+J'T$#U$N!SB2++DQVP+W
B$X+Y2B%GG R+Z'
+0)JG ,$[+/!S 3R++DL,7+D,
@KG+%++D/DN+D,R)[,+X)+D#\+D
'''QJ)B,$+DE+)*++DQ)]+R+Z
2#U)X+DJ)+DG^_`+#A,K12+JG
))G+D)/+DJ)
)G+D/+D#$a
D1/+D4+8 -)8+0+%&0$D+
+2++P)@Y2+&C#U+4)<1+G-)R
#U+D4@0+3)40+b5TG$;2)3$:
Môc lôc
H

c

Ch¬ng 1 : Më §Çu
H'H Đặt vấn đề:
H'c Mục tiêu của đề tài:

• %&$;#U01/+D4G$;2)3$'TS+<
+D0GEFG+)'
H'd Nội dung của đồ án:
• 4)<07L,M$N /++D<+P+DX$EFG+)
• T/]<),+\+,+ B3$'
• T/G$;2)3$eS+<+D)+D#$KR+EFG+
)'
H' Phương pháp nghiên cứu:
• +8 /++
• =U $LG
• 4)</!0$KR+$;2
Ch¬ng 2: s¬ lîc vÒ cao su
2.1 Nguồn gốc và tình hình phát triển ở Việt Nam:
T$#U+4)+Ef9@ET)@$+DKJ)Hgd
Hg'hDi1LR+Z$B+%+2j+&Hgek-@$D-!
hl,Hgmgn'
T$#U#o/ #FG+)BB+%+X#+P
8+_p[ J)Hmqm#$L'62J)Hmgc,cIIIX+$+W
r!-$#U8 FG+)'DHII$L,HIII#U
+DX)+P8+stG)eh2T/+,h4`#;n,cII@/$Vt-D$
+D7+NE_L`Be/DcI)n'J)HmgqC/!B$PG!G
3$EFG+)'T+$B+%#U+8 _i
d

e!Bp,(/,67nJ)HgIq'2 $,X+70
+$D,323#o/ +8 +DE6)h*b
_ro,_ou,Tvws,f-af*+$L70$+#FG+)>
#U+8 '62J)HgcI,)06)h*Kq'III$K
#Ud'III+'
T$#U+D7+NE%J)Hgcd /++D<)X+D

XHgIHgc,+D%QO+IIII),$#42
+D'
D+x+D#AHgq,<7%G0G )0h,
$C#U+D7#U++D%V+2HqIheyKDM, yKh4,
Gz,,o?n'DQJ)HgmHgd@Y7L
+WDyL,!G+\C%2K'III'
62Hgq,FG+)[Kq'III,+8 +DE6)h*K
g'II,%Kd'mc,/+{!%K)0D
>Kd'd'
_Hgq,$#U+2 +S /++D<32E6)h*'WHgqq,
%@+BX#;+D4+D7)A$,+X++%!/
+D#1*,$Hgm/+D#1L!,+WHggc2+#
C+)+D7$'|)0D$Hgm,$#U /++D<
EyK+DM,yKh4+D/+1L!'
62J)Hggg,!G+\$K#AX+dg'gII,$+<02)
Kcq,c}'J)cII,!G+\$K#A'III,+D$
+<02)dq}'J)cII,!G+\$K#A'mq'


J)cIIq!G+\T_E6)h*eddg'IIIn,%eHHd'III
n,D+) \heH'IIn`%K)0De'IIn'G
K+/I~cIHI)*+$L@GX2#!L=,@G@+
B@<G#,•+4/'];)*+?++4DS/D72+)
/]+DM+4+P$SG1K'
f*+$L4K0$b
(/3$P)3#U+X+W+$

$
2.2 Đặc điểm:
f3+W$--@D$-$$)*+0 O+<-,&K

d}$'T$)*+!D@+XH,$$
$ D-,)]++D)3$!#A!X/X+.#U@ 3@E)*+
A / $  ! D+-'\+#A/X+Y)+DKI,Ic€)2
I,c€)'


2.2.1 Thành phần hóa học của mủ cao su:
Công thức hoá học của latex :
o+N;@K3$$ D-- )-De$•H,• $ D--‚T


m
ƒ

n
L#U +NHI•HIq'#U+=U +W@Y)*+1/+D4
&  +X  3  D@!D+-' T  +D?  /    3    $ +P  %  e$•H,•
$ D--nb
CH
2
C = CHCH
2
– CH
2
C = CHCH
2
= CH
2
C = CHCH
2

CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
Bảng 1: Thành phần hóa học và vật lý của cao su Việt Nam
Thành phần phần trăm (%)
T$
oD+-
cm•I
c,Ic,q
6# H,Ic,I
fL/ I,
( + I,cI,
#A 
f8+*$ I,gdcI,gc
)8+*$-D) H,IdHH,Id
Tất cả các thông số được biểu diễn bằng tỷ lệ phần trăm trọng lượng ướt'
2.2.2 Cấu trúc tính chất của thể giao trạng của cao sub
=1/+,+-R#U+X@„Q B+N +/$e @M 
+/nY);Q+D+.e  +/n$-D)'\ +/=
M#U!/ D+-@MQ B+N +/$+D+-R
?+,OG+\$… /+$PQ/X++N$'


H' o +/•_-D)b
_-D)&)*+ BQ+U ++D+<+DX,3
2 D+-, $  +,)*+ BQU ++X+!!M+8+

#b)L/,-+-D$!A)-+•H$+]1-@D+/!
)A+{G+ ;'
D$-D))#U+<2)m•HI}'G&!
)CG+&0+Q;U ++D!!M+<+DX'
#8$-D)3+-R)*+!+#* +/)X;0
$A* +/3/X++N$%+<#)*+  +/
!+'
c' o@M +/•X++N$b
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Q0!CD?+0!@B*!#3$'
t2+LK#E2*!#b+L*Ž!C,+jG!C,+!CG+*b
•L*.*!C!!#A•
•6*!CA*!C!!#A•
•!CA*!C!!#A•
•G+**!C!!#A.
2.3.Ứng dụng của cây cao su
,$A+\J2+$&1\@/+\+\J
;‘+L+#b$&@0A,\+@M))[,+)\,+)#Aa%#U
%G‘+#E)#)*+X%G+<++2<
$KR+$J)L , SS+8+K'’A+\%)+D%+2
AK;I'III/$K Z)$,?)]++DB2+/
+21L!#U @=#$b
H

“m}$#U!O+D+8+K<$KR+$J),
L /X'

“Hd,}$#U!O+DG <$KR+/$K Z);
e!,@J+Kan'
“g,}$!O<$KR+/$K Z))).e@@,J
+ "+8+an'
“,}$<$KR+B!Ž '
“c,}$!O<$KR+/$K Z)$/e(Ž+@@,
@$an'
“H}$!O<$KR+-!/'
D$[#U!O+DG 1L [<K+D
!>+DS'
Ch¬ng 3: s¬ lîc vÒ nghµnh cao su t¹i viÖt nam
T$G !,KJ+\&D*,+\L
MA0G@+U@KG)+D#%#U0#A
0G+P%,+2•RC*+\U 1+) /++D<+D%1)!G
+\A'
FA+j+Dm•gI}$K#U#U+%+S+X+M+D#1L+2,$+P
%)*++DQ)]+R+ Z3P3FG+), A)
XR+Z%+SX++D%H+j^_`~J)+WJ)cII2'u%+D
g+/BJ)cIHI,FG+)CR+Z#UH+A+=)
XR+Z$+P% C X+H,cc+j^_`+J,m}0#U
g,}0/+DM$AOxJ)+D#A'G,FG+)Y)+D
Hq

+ 1L)XR+Z$+P%B+2AOA
f$,r!-$,/(,”6*'
-2#U /++D<$!T\ 30D,2J)cIcI
!G+\$ KX+mII'IIIA$K#U+/X+H'cII+)3'
%+DQJ)B,/K$+D%+M+D#+2A
W@2*J$R+ZEFG+)'
Q+2)*++P+2]+D/$R+ZEFG+)+ ;/

+D@4+D%+M+D#+2A'
3.1 Tình hình sản xuất cao su ở Việt Nam
T$X+D7Q$&X+D+D%+M+D#
+2A)[‘V1+D+DGRK)•,]@G+E
O$,OR'D7$+L\+ \#C$+D+'G
$+D7&+&c0+j$+U8,{$ %'B+%
+S$3+2A+J+D7E0#A0
#AK)'6$…;*+?Z$P /++D<3$FG+),!+0)
J3$[D+A'
`G+\+D7$+8 +D32E6)@*e}n,22
%ec,}n!%K)0DeHI}n'`G+\$EO
h)AX+KHI'cIIe2)H,}n'
Bảng 2.1 Số liệu về sản xuất cao su trong nước 2008-2009
T{+% 6;M+\ cIIm cIIg _$/Ig~Ime}n
`-+D7 HIII dH, q,c HI,m
`$K Z) HIII dgg,H cH, HI,
J$+ +X~ H, Hq,c HId,m
_K#U HIII+ g, qcd,q HIg,q
Nguồn: Tổng cục Thống kê
Hm

`G+\$K#U$3FG+)1/J)
J)cIHIG  /++D<+]+)S+%+J!G
+\$%+D%I'III#+=!G+\$K#A%qH'III'
-G *$FG+)eFuzn,$K#U$+P%+D+/
H~cIHIX+q,+,+J,}$AOxJ)+D#A'
3.2 Tình hình xuất khẩu cao su ở Việt Nam
WBJ)cIIg,$+BC] JA!K#E
3*3K+2+2A,+M+D#+%+S•++• ,0
G 4+DGŽ+-B$J)L $%G$S+

Hg

K)D+,/RL+ {[K•I}$AOxJ)
+D#A'
<)+/m~cIIm/$X++D%d'III^_`~+,+42BcIIg
{[+D%H'III^_`~+'T+<,$P+S+!L1/3/$
R+Z'T/!G >##$KR+L)]+A;+†,
)+G)'67+8A/#AR+Z$/,Fuz2/
/!G WR+Z2/$RL!#AH'dI^_`~+,
7+0R+#A†+DU #;/)+DQ$2/)+D
#A+ !#AH'III^_`~+'''D+)+4LCRKD'
_+x$K))X,/$R+ZC$PK+G/<,
]@G++DQ+/LJ)cIIg'p/$+/H~cIIg{X+
@41KH'cmI^_`~+,$=ME)&H'cIH'm^_`~+
+D1‘r1‘rr'
W+/2+/Hc~cIIg,/$R+Z+J%+S'62+/
Hc~cIIg,$R+ZX+@41c'II^_`~+,+Jq}$A+/H,
D%3X_Fud(X+c'cc^_`~+'(#U$+DM/R+ZC
+J%+S+D1‘d1‘,]@G++Dc+/LJ),$K#U
)XR+ZC+J/<$AOxJ)+D#A'
p/$+%%+2 +SK))Q=M+D+/B
J)cIIg'D,/$+J+D+/LJ)[!)&+%
+S$3+M+D#DyL+J)X!$PK+G\$/\
B+M+D#•+*M3+M+D#'67+,/!B++Jc
1‘LJ)cIIg0+2+2A@+B S7C„/$
+%  %    #U  +%  +S    +J'
cI

P+2+M+D#R+Z+• $$L#U`FG+)+)R+
Z$X+JD+)X'0+M+D#K)L#U$8 Z

$"!+D4/G +%+S$!OA$L#U+ 'TS
+<J)cIIg,FG+)CR+Z$$qH#A,$S+K)
0$AcIImeqd#An$L#U!G +)R+Z$
+J $AJ)+D#AeJ)cIImKcdI`n# BA1
)R+Z+ '8,#U$R+Z3FG+)C+J$A
J)cIIm,)XR+Z+K)$AJ)cIIm#"X+H,c+j
^_`,#U+2X0D7BJ)eH,H+j^_`n2+1KD+/
8'G+AqI}+=#U$R+Z3FG+)+8 +D+M
+D#DyL,0+<+0)ZQ@+=+M+D#8 Z
RKD@2*>#G/8 Z$…‘!<Ž /@E1/
0!G O+8 +D)*++M+D#'
GFG+)#A&+&0$K#U+&0R+Z$+D%
+2AAHII}$+%%,CmI+M+D#+D%++2A8
Z$+WFG+)'M+D#DyL2)KH}$K#U
J)cIHH+D%I}+DJ)cIHc'Q+M+D#1+D/2)
d•q})†+M+D#f$,6&,6(,”6*'
_LG+L%+W=SK1FG+)@2+,R+Z$3
FG+)+DHI+/BJ)cIHc+J0#U#XK)0+DM/$
AHI+/J)cIHHAmH4+$,+DM/c,d+j^_`+Jdq,q}0
#U#K)m,q}0+DM/'
\D%+/HI~cIHc,FG+)CR+Zg,d4+,+DM/cg,
+DG^_`K)HH,}0#UK),H}0+DM/$A+/g~cIHc'
cH

DyL"+M+D#\R+Z$3FG+)'_E!V+4
+DX+M+D#DyL2)2H~c$K#UR+Z!7
%G$FG+) OU AG$KR+L R-3D
yL,\$/+?ZR+Z)8@%3#AY) /++D<
+2O@%A'f]+/,4‘!M$N,$FG+)A B
/+D#1L!#+<$KR+#U/$K Z)/ &+%

Z$3+M+D#8+hK,–a'
Bảng Các thị trường xuất khẩu cao su chính của Việt Nam
Đơn vị: tấn (lượng) và 1.000 USD (giá trị)
_

m+/~cIIg m+/~cIHI _$/cIHI~cIIg
(#U p/+DM (#U p/+DM (#U p/+DM
H DyL
cm'gm
 cI'dgH
cc'd
c q'HqH mm,m HI,dq
c f$ H'mgq cd'mId cq'Ig qH'Idg
HI,H
 cgm,
d yL Hm'Hdc cd'gm cH'Ig '
HHm,I
q cdg,
 6( Hd'Im cH'cc Hm'HI 'qg
Hdq,q
q cc,HH
 6& HH'ImH Hq'g H'mmH m'qH
Hd,d
c cq,mq
Nguồn: Tổng cục Hải quan
* Bên cạnh việc xuất khẩu Việt nam còn nhập khẩu cao su
cc

•++WG $FG+)b:DX+W+/H+A+/g
J)cIHc,8 Z$+%%3/#A+%zuoTG 

*/#A$KR+$+%%+L*+J+D#E/<X+H,q}
A#U8 Zd,Hq+DG+'%/#A#FG+),_D
(/K)8 Z+D+/BJ)cIHc'FG+)
+/(#U8K)8 ZH'III+$,+D_D(K)
'III+:
3.3 Tình hình biến động giá cao su xuất khẩu trong thời gian qua
3.3.1 Tình hình biến động giá cao su trên thế giới
_P S730+2$3K+\+BC2
B$+P%+J)XLJ)cIIgBJ)cIHI,+D
7M / &!2+L)OS'60C2/
$+D%+M+D#+2ABJ)cIHI%+S+J'-@// 
+\+#%+/g~cIHI3zuoT,G/$+%%%+S
+J+D+1!X207$PK#EA7+0@K
M+X/#AR+ZA/(,f$'T/2+LC†+DU+M
+D#@+ /2+L##UB2!B,/!BK)7t%
8+hK+J//<'XfR,/$_fucIC+J+Wcm'm
^_`~HIIH~q%dc'I^_`~HIIcd~g,+#;#;)&
+JHg,c}'p/$_ucI+XhJTL,/(cd~g>X+)&
dH'q^_`~HII,+JH,H}$A)&/cgg'H^_`~HIIH~q'p/
$u__d3/(+D+/q@2*K)RL)&+ +
+D1‘rrrcd~q,X+dHq,c^_`~HII$+JQ%)&
d,^_`~HIIcd~g'X++)e”6*n,/$&E)&
X+K//R$A/+X+M+D#hJTL+DK
cd

++WL+/2L+/m'p/K&E)&+X
++)!+DX+W+/H•+/qJ),$K#U3”6*
+ ;}$AOxJ)/+DB+%+S*M+J
+D#EA+L*m}'
hK/$)*+$L+M+D##Ab

(X~xX p/
u__de+/H~cIHdn —d'I~
_ucI+/H~cIHdn —c'm~
f$_fucIe+/H~cIHdn —c'qI~
r!-$_rucIe+/H~cIHdn —H'c~@
^__d mI@+~
3.3.2 Tình hình biến động giá cao su xuất khẩu Việt Nam hiện nay
TOAR+23+M+D#+2A,/$R+Z3FG+)
>@2*)X'
-+=U 3G *T$FG+),#UT_8 Z+D1‘
H~cIHcX+KI+,+DM/HHq,m+DG•,+J)X0#U
c

e˜g,d}n,!8)X8 $>+J/e˜d,q}n!O/K)'
oBR+ZD[T_#AX+Hmd,H+,+DM/d,+DG•,+J
dd,}0#U#K)H,}0)Xw,+D,H,+
$†U A+D%g}T_,+J0#UB $AOxJ)
+D#A'
p/3X_Fud(+K)0,K)dd,q}$1‘H~cIHH,#C+J
!B+W+/H2+/d,X+d'ccm^_`~++/H,d'qd^_`~++D
+/cd'q^_`~++D+/d'
y\HJ)cIHH,+<)/+J+1/!02+L+/*,3
2+WB;,X) /+,\$/\B#U+)&B+2+ay‘HJ),
/$+J*+@24#U+7+XDyL[1/AeHmI'III
cII'III+n,#>K)$47X• )O
$+/\$/)+DQ$3/(/1/+ 'p/
$FG+)R+Z+#+ ;/3)*+$L#A/+DP
#/(,f$,r!-$+Wc•}!)*+$L!G #=M
+#U$K Z)#K)@K?X,?#U%/
+#‘!<)A/+ ;/#A/'

D1‘H~cIHc,FG+)CR+Z$+%%$c+M+D#'
M+D#A+DyLem}n,22f$eHH}n,6(
e}n,2R+3FG+)e}n”6*e,m}n'
T3X#Uw0+_Fud(e,g}n,_FuHIecd,g}n,_FuTFI
TFIeq,}n,u__de,}n,T_u(ec,m}n,_FucIec,d}n+-Red,}n'
6CcId`+)R+Z$+D1‘H~cIHc'
c