Báo cáo khoa học: So sánh truyện cổ tích Việt Hàn pot

so
SANH TRUYEN CO TICH VIET
-
HAN
LUU
IHI HONG VIET
F
iet Nam va Han Qudc la hai nude cd
nhieu diem tuang ddng ve ljch sir,
van
hda,
van
hgc trong dd cd van hge dan
gian ndi chung, truyen ed tich ndi rieng. Ben
canh nhting diem tuong ddng, chae chan kho
tang truyen ed tich eua Viet Nam va Han
Qudc cung cd nhtrng net khae biet lam nen
ban sac ddc dao cua mdi dan tdc.
The nhung eho den nay, vide gidi thieu
truyen cd tich Viet Nam d Han Qude va
Iruyen cd tich Han Qudc d Viet Nam chua
nhidu,
vide
nghien ciru so sanh truyen ed tich
ciia
ngudi Viet va ngudi Han van cdn dang
di nhting budc dau tien. Nhieu phuang dien
ndi dung va nghe thuat cua truyen cd tich
Viet Nam va Han Qudc van can dugc tiep
luc nghien ciru trong bdi canh giao luu Viet
- Han hien nay. Tiep tyc hudng nghien ciru

chung ma cae nha khoa hge di trudc da khai
md, bai viet nay di vao
Sr^
sdnh truyin co
tich ngicdi Viet (Viet Nam) vd truyin co tich
ngicdi Hdn (Han
Quae),
de thuan tien trong
khi trinh bay, tae gia xin dugc rut ggn la So
sdnh truyen co tich Viet - Hdn.
1.
Sy tirong dong ciia truyen co
tich
nguoi Viet va truyen co tich nguoi Han
LL
Sir
tuang dong ve npi dung
Dil d bat eir dan tdc, qude gia nao thi
truyen ed tich van la mdt trong nhirng the
loai tieu bieu trong loai binh ty sy dan gian
vdi ngi dung
chii
yeu la phan anh sinh hoat
mgi mat cua con ngudi. Truyen ed tich cua
Thac sy, Trudng Dai hoc Da Lat
ngudi Viet va ngudi Han cd rat nhieu diem
tuong ddng vd ndi dung, tir viec giai thich
cac hien tugng tu nhien eho den sy bao luu
cac gia tri
van

hda nhu tin ngudng, phong
tyc.
Id hgi
hoae
cac ndi dung xa hdi - nhan
sinh.
+ Tin ngudng, phong
tue,
li hpi
Cac truyen cd tich giai thich cac hien
tugng ty nhien trdn ca sd gat bd dan ban
chat than ky, phi thudng cua tu duy than
thoai nhung van
giO
lai each suy nghT va
cam nhan nguyen thuy. Cd rat nhidu loai vat
khae nhau dugc ndi tdi trong truyen cd tich
cua Viet Nam va Han Qudc. Nhieu sy tich
ve cac cay cd, vat nudi, vat hoang da phan
anh mdt sd dac diem cua loai vat, the bien
nhan thirc cua dan gian ve the gidi ty nhien.
Vii try ddi vdi ngudi nguyen thuy ludn chira
dyng nhirng bi an va qua to ldn, vi the con
ngudi cd nhu cau kham pha, giai thich the
gidi xung quanh va tim hieu mdi quan he
cua con ngudi vdi thd gidi. Do dieu kien
sdng va nhu cau ty nhan thirc bang su hieu
biet cd han, bang thd gidi quan than thoai
nen khi giai thieh ve ngudn gdc loai vat dan
gian thudng ndi tdi bat banh

ciia
con ngudi.
Cac nhan vat ngudi da boa than thanh loai
vat va dya vao tieng keu hay net dac trung
eua loai vat dd ma dan gian ggi la sy lich
eon ng, cay kia Ngudi Viet cd truyen cd
tich de giai thich nguon gdc
ciia
cac loai vat
nhu truyen
Sir
tich chim
hit
co, Su tich chim
tu hii, Su tich chim quoc, Su tich chim da da,
58
NGHIEN
ecru
OONG BflC fl. SO 6(100) 6-2009
Nghien citu khoa hqc
Su tich con nhdi. Su tich con khi, Su tich ed
he, Su tich con sam, Su tich con dd trdng, Su
tich con muoi. Cdn ngudi Han cd truydn
Chim
Pul-
kiic,
Nguon goc chim Pa-khu-ky,
Hdn eon muoi. Do tinh chat
ciia
the loai nen

khi giai thich vd ngudn gdc loai vat ciing
nhu cac bien tugng ty nhien, dan gian
thudng dat trong mdi lien quan chat che vdi
hoat ddng cua con ngudi.
Dan gian hai nudc Viet Nam, Han Qudc
deu sang tao nen nhirng cau chuyen ma qua
dd ta thay dugc ve dep
^y
nhidn
ciia
mdi
qudc gia dan tdc vdi nhting
niii
cao, sdng
rdng, bidn Idn. Ngudi Viet cd hang loat sy
tich vd mii, deo, sdng, sudi, ao, hd va chi can
nhd ten cac truyen cd tich nay la chiing ta se
bidt dugc ten
niii,
tdn sdng, ten hd gan vdi
nhtrng viing mien
dan
cu ngudi Viet sinh
sdng. Dd la Su tich
niii
Ngu-hdnh, Su tich dd
Vong-phu, Su tich da Bd-rdu,
Sic
tich ho Ba-
bi, Su tich ddm Nhdt-dg va bai

Tic
nhiin, Su
tich ddm
Mice,
Su tich song Nhd-be, Tgi sao
sdng T6-lich va song
Thiin-phii
hep lgi?.
Nhtrng tac
phim
nay da the hidn niem ty hao
va tinh yeu thidn nhien
dit
nudc, vd dep dd
hda quyen vdi tinh cam con ngudi cang tao
cho cd tich ve dep vira lung linh vira gan gui.
Cach
ly
giai
ciia
ngudi Viet ve cac hien
tugng ty nhien
gin
vdi ve dep
van
hda
truydn thdng
ciia
dan tdc mang tinh giao due
cao,

lieu bidu la cac truydn: Su tich trau, cau
vd vol, Su tich cdy huyit du. Ngudi Han ed
Su tich hdn da Mong Su, Su tich hdn da hinh
eon hd, Su tich ngpn mil Ok Nan. Ngoai ra,
cac hien tugng nhu chdm sao Bac Dau, mat
irang, mat trdi, nude bidn man cung dugc
dan gian Han Qudc ly giai
rit
thu vj: Chuyin
bdy anh em chdm sao Bdc Ddu, Mat trdng
vd mat trdi, Tgi sao nudc biin man
Cd the ndi, Idp truyen luong ddi phd bien
ma ca ngudi Viet Nam va Han Qudc luu giir
lai dugc la nhung truyen giai Ihich bien
tugng ty nhien qua dd con ngudi tir the be
nay den the he khae truyen lai cho nhau
nhtrng hieu biet ve the gidi ly nhien phong
phu, da dang. Va tir dd con ngudi tim ra con
dudng de chinh phye ty nhien va sir dyng nd
mdt each
phii
hgp, giiip ich cho cugc sdng
con ngudi mdl each thiet thyc.
Dan gian bai nudc deu cd quan niem van
vat huu linh, van vat luong giao bdi cude
sdng ludn
gan
bd vdi thien nhien, vdi mudn
loai.
Vdi nhtrng rirng

niii
menh mdng, sdng
sudi day dac va bien ca rdng Idn da tao dieu
kien thuan lgi cho con ngudi tdn tai, phat
tridn ddng thdi cac tin ngirdng dan gian cimg
tir dd ma ra ddi. Dan gian tin rang linh bdn
khdng chi cd trong con ngirdi ma cdn tdn tai
trong cac thd lyc thien nhien va loai vat, dd
vat. Vi thd. trong truyen cd tich
ciia
ngudi
Vict va ngudi Han deu cd nhirng cude ddi
thoai
rit
sinh ddng gitra ngudi vdi cac loai
vat thd hien sy bidu bidt, cam thdng, chia se
gitra mudn loai vdi nhau. Ngudi Viet cd
truyen Ngicdi hpc tro vd con ho, Tdm Cam,
Hai
CO
gdi vd cue
bicdu,
Co Chip Ngudi
Han cd truyen Ldi phdn xu
ciia
tho, Cdi
bicdu
biit hdt, Bd vd, bd vdng, Ldi gido hudn
ciia
chim

Nhiing tin ngudng thd cay, thd da, thd
thin
sdng,
thin
niii,
thd ddng vat cung cd vai
trd quan trgng chi phdi den ddi sdng vat chat
va tinh
thin
cua con ngudi. Ngudi Viet da
ndi tdi tin ngudng thd da trong
truyen
Nguyin Khoa Ddng, thd
thin
cay nhu truyen
Su tich con sam. Ngoai ra, dan gian cdn cd
nidm tin vao cac than sdng bdi sdng sudi la
ca sd sinh sdng cua con ngudi. Truyen Ldy
bdy nhu Cao Biin day non luy ndi tdi luc
NGHIEN
ecru
OdNG
B^C
fl,
s6
6(100) 6-2009
59
Nghien citu khoa hqc
chgn huyet dat tdt nhung qua dd ngudi Viet tang cd tich cua ca ngudi Viet lan ngudi
ciing mudn ndi tdi tin ngudng thd than sdng. Han.

Ngudi Viet eiing phan nao tin vao "Trdi", Mdi mgt cgng ddng ngudi. do nen san
vao Nggc Hoang thugng de
{Npf
nhu chua xuat hay la do nghe nghiep sinh sdng, se tao
cham),
hy vgng dugc trdi giiip dd mdi khi nen nhtrng phong tyc cua cdng ddng ngudi
gap khd khan. Tir nhtrng ngudi dan vdi cude dd. Ngudi Viet va ngudi Han deu cd nhtrng
sdng gian di, chan tbanb, md rdng tam ldng phong tyc an udng, ciing gid, lap dan cimg
yeu Ihuong, giiip dd mgi ngudi den nhting te, phong tue chgn dat tdt, phan chia thira ke
bac quan vuang sdng hgp Idng dan, dugc tai san, kdt nghTa anh em, hdn nhan phu he
dan tin ydu cting la hgp dao trdi se duge trdi Ciing vdi phong tyc la cae Id hdi cua dan
thuang va che chd. gian hai nudc Viet Nam, Han Qudc dugc
Vd tin ngudng dan gian, ta cd the thay phan anh qua truyen ed tich, tieu bieu cd hdi
dugc phan nao trong kho tang truyen cd tich xuan, hdi "vd gia" eiing Phat.
eua Han Qudc. Thdng qua nhtrng truyen + Cdc quan he xd hpi - nhdn sinh
duac gidi thieu trong tap Truyin
c6
Han Gia dinh la ea sd cua xa hdi phong kien
Qudc chiing ta hidu them vd tin ngudng thd ndng nghiep Viet Nam eiing nhu Han Qudc.
thin
niii,
thd Hanunim (Nggc Hoang thugng Tinh anh em rudt thjt trd thanh ddi tugng
dd) cua ngudi Han. Dan gian tin rang
ciia
nhieu truyen dan gian cua ca hai nudc.
Hanunim ed sire manh va quyen lyc tdi cao, Trong truydn cd tich cua ngudi Viet va
thiu
hidu mgi ndi khd, nhirng
tim
Idng, ngudi Han, quan he anh em dugc the hien rd

nhtrng khat khao cua con ngudi. Mdi khi rai net qua nhirng mau thuan, xung dot ve su
vao canh khd dau,
bit
hanh, khdng ldi thoat, phan chia, thira ke tai san khi cha me mat di
ngudi
dan
thudng
clu khin
Hanunim, mong (truyen Cdy khi cua ngudi Viet va truyen
dugc ciru giup, ban thudng: Chuyin bdy anh Hung Pu vd Nan Pu eua ngudi Han).
em chdm sao Bdc Ddu, Mat trdng vd mat Quan he gitra me ghe - con chdng, gitra
trdi,
Liia ciia
trdi, Cd chip
miia
dong, Chdo me chdng - nang dau cung la mdt trong
giun ddt. Nidm tin cua ngudi Han vao than nhirng quan he gia dinh da duge de cap trong
niii
da dugc phan anh qua truyen Man qud truyen cd tich cua bai nudc. Ndi dung
ciia
cua than
niii.
cac Iruyen xoay quanh sy dd kj, ghen ghet
Ca ngudi Viet va ngudi Han ddu de cao eua ngudi di ghe ddi vdi con chdng, ngudi
chir hidu, ca nggi nhirng
tim
ldng hieu thao me chdng ddi vdi nang dau.
ciia
con cai ddi vdi cha me, dng ba,
ciia

the Ben canh dd dan gian cung nhan manh
he con chau ddi vdi td tien, vi thd tin ngudng mdi quan he khdng the thieu trong mdi gia
thd cung td tien cua hai dan tdc Viet Nam va dinh, mdi xa hdi dd la tinh yeu ddi lira, tinh
Han Qude
vin
edn dugc luu gitr va cd vj tri, cam vg chdng. Ngudi Viet ed truyen Ndng
vai trd quan trgng ddn ngay nay. Ciing vdi Xudn Huong, ngudi Han cd truyen Choon
tin ngudng dan gian, cac ydu td Nho giao, Hyang-Huang
miia
xudn deu cd ngi dung
Phat giao, Dao giao chi phdi sy sang tao gidng nhau ndi vd tinh yeu thuy chung, son
truyen ed tich va ciing dugc luu lai trong kho sat
ciia
ddi trai tai gai sac.
60 NGHIEN
ecru
OONG BflC fl. SO 6(100) 6-2009
Nghien ciiu khoa hoc
Qua day ta thay mdt trong nhtrng van de
truyen cd tich bay de cap den la mdi quan he
gitra ngudi vdi ngudi ma ndi bat la nhung
xung dot trong gia dinh gitra anh va em, con
cai va di ghe theo kidu ngudi tren ke dudi.
Mau thuan trong gia dinh chu yeu xoay
quanh van de
ciia
cai, quyen lyc, dja vj. Tac
gia dan gian la ngudi binh dan, ngheo khd,
vj tri xa hdi thap kem ndn cting de hieu vi
sao hg ludn dirng vd nhirng ngudi ngheo,

yeu the. Truyen ed tich quan tam den sd
phan cua nhieu ldp ngudi trong xa hdi trudc
bet la nhirng ngudi ngheo, chju nhieu thiet
thdi ludn mudn thoat khdi eai trat ty rang
budc,
tap tyc khdng binh dang, vd ly trong
gia dinh phy quyen. Sy len an, td cao nhtrng
nhan vat be tren, ngudi anh, ngudi me ke
chinh la sy phan khang lai nhtrng bat edng,
chdng lai sy phan biet ddi xir trgng trudng
khinh thir, coi trgng con de ban con chdng
vdn tdn tai trong xa hdi phong kien.
1.2.
Su tuong dong ve nghe thuat
+ Cdch dgt tin truyin
Khi sang tac truyen cd tich, dan gian hai
nudc Viet Nam, Han Qudc thudng dat ten
truyen theo ldi dan gian, de hieu, de nhd.
Khi mudn giai thich mdt bien tugng ty nhien
nao dd bay nhtrng dac diem
ciia
cac loai vat,
dan gian
lly
ngay ten ggi cua cac bien tugng
tu nhidn, cac dac diem loai vat de dat ten cho
truyen cd tich. Ngudi Viet cd cac truyen tieu
bidu: Su tich chim da da, Su tich con sam,
Su tich ong ddu rau,
Sir

tich con dd trdng,
Su tich ho Ba-bi, Su tich da Vpng-phu, Goc
tich edi ndt dudi co con
trau.
Sic
tich cdi
chdn sau con
cho Con
day la cac
truy?n
cua ngudi Han: Tgi sao lan co mid ngdn,
Ngudi duac
"Khen
vi bica dn ", Bi mat vi ve
ngodi
eiia
cdc. Tgi sao ngicdi ddn ong bi
biin thanh con trau, Tgi sao nudc biin
man
Nhiing tam guong ve Idng hieu thao. linh
that tha duge nggi ca va tran Irgng vi the ten
ciia
cae nhan vat chinh dugc lay de dat cho
cac truyen ke: Tdm Cam, Thgeh Sanh, Ndng
Xudn Hicang, Quan Am Thi Kinh (ngudi
Viet) va cae truyen Shim Ch 'ong ngudi eon
gdi hiiu thdo, Cong chua Pyonggang vd anh
ngoc
Ondal,
Choon Hyang-Huang

tniia
xudn,
Ndng tiin
6c,
Chii
ri cdc (ngudi Han).
Den vdi Iruyen cd tich Viet - Han. chiing
ta
Ihay
cd nhieu truyen lay hinh dang ben
ngoai
ciia
nhan vat, tinh each cua nhan vat
lam ten iruyen. Dd la cac truyen Ngicdi lay
cdc, Ldy chong di, Ngicdi lay ich, Ndi ddi
nhu Cupi, Em be thong minh, Gdi ngoan dgy
chong, Chdng Ngoc duac kien
ciia
ngudi
Viet va truyen Chdng ri cdc, Ndng
6c
sin,
Viin quan dien r6, D6i va ch6ng uang
budng. Ngicdi va thong minh cua ngudi Han.
Ngoai ra, dan gian cdn lay nhtrng vat
quan trgng cd quan be nhieu vdi
chii
de va
cac nhiin
vai

trong Iruyen cung dugc chgn
lam ten cho tac pham nhu Iruyen Cdy tre
trdm ddt (ngudi Viet), Cdy gay
ciia
nhicng
con Tokkaebi (ngudi Han).
Tim hidu sy tuong ddng ve
each
dat ten
Iruyen cd tich
ciia
ngudi Viet va ngudi Han
ta cang
thiy
sy
gin
gui Irong quan niem ve
thd gidi ty nhien, ve xa hdi va con ngudi,
dac biet la vd nghe Ihuat truyen cd tich.
+ Cdc kiiu nhdn vgt
Nhan vat trong truyen cd tich
ciia
dan
gian hai nudc
rit
phong phu, da dang, cd
nhidu kidu nhan vat khae nhau: quan lai,
ngudi giau, ngudi anh, di ghe, me chdng;
ngudi em, nhan vat md cdi. nhan vat mang
ldi,

nhan vat ngirdi con dau. Nhan vat
Ihudng dugc chia thanh hai tuyen: nhan vat
NGHIEN
ecru
OONG BflC fl,
s6
6(100) 6-2009
61
Ngh
ien citu khoa hqc
chinh didn va nhan vat phan dien
phii
hgp
vdi motif va col truyen. Cac loai nhan vat
nay khae nhau vd canh ngd, pham chat, lai
nang va ket cue sd phan. Truyen cd tich hap
dan ngudi dgc bdi truydn da chieu rgi anh
sang lac quan tin ludng vao cugc sdng. (J
day cugc dau tranh gitia cai thien va eai ac
ral quyet liet nhung bao gid cai thien ciing
chien thang. Vdi dae diem diing hinh thire ky
ao lam phuang thire chuyen tai ngi dung, eac
truyen cd tich ed sire hap dan mgi lira tudi,
mgi the he. Ngudi dgc se ciing eac nhan
vai
cua truyen phieu didu trong the gidi vira hu
vira thyc, cd ca cai thap hen, cai cao thugng,
ed ca nhirng cai sinh hoat thudng ngay, an
oan, ghen tudng, dd ky, Ige lira.
+ Cdc kiiu truyin, dgc diim cot truyin vd

yiu to thdn ky
Ndi bat trong truyen cd lich Viet - Han la
cac kieu truyen: Cdy khi, Co gdi lay chong
hodng
tic,
A Chicc chdng
Ngicu,
kidu truydn
vd nhan vat mang Idt, kieu truyen ve sy
thdng minh.
Do dac tinh ude Id va tugng trung nen cdt
truyen cua truyen ed tich hai nude cdn kha
dan gian, trong dd con ngudi xuat hien mang
tinh
phidni
chi. Mac
dii
vay, thdng qua cdt
truyen ngudi ta ed the hinh dung duge mdt
each ca ban nhat con ngudi va xa hdi duong
thdi.
Truyen cd tich cua hai dan tdc deu
duge xay dyng theo mgt true thdi gian va
khdng gian, cd trinh ty dau cudi, trudc sau,
vide gi xay ra trudc kd trudc, vide gi xay ra
sau kd sau. Khdng gian va thdi thdi gian qua
khir, khdng xae djnh. Cdt truyen eua cac
truyen cd tich hai nudc Viet - Han ca ban
ddu cd
dly

du cae thanh phan: trinh bay,
khai doan
(thit
nut), phat trien, dinh diem
(cao trao) va kdt thuc (md mil). Md dau
truyen, dan gian danh nhtrng Idi ngan ggn de
gidi Ihieu ve nhan vat chinh cua truyen ve
than the, gia canh, tinh net sau dd la mdt
chudi nhtrng hanh ddng
ciia
nhan vat, tieu
bieu ed truyen Ndng Xudn Hicang
ciia
ngudi
Viet va Choon
Hyang
- Hicang
miia
xudn
cua ngudi Han.
Trong truyen cd tich hai nudc chiing ta
thay yeu td than ky gdp phan tao ndn gia
Irj
ciia
truyen, tao cho tae pham mdt ve dep
lung linh, huyen ao, vira hu vira thyc. Ldi
giai quyet the hien thai do, quan diem
ciia
dan gian qua viee sir dyng yeu td than ky
nhu truyen Ai mua hdnh toi hay

Id Ip
nudc
than
ciia
ngudi Viet, truyen Cdi
Ip
thdn cua
ngudi Han. Yeu td than ky the hien sy phat
trien d mdt chirng mye nhat djnh eua tu duy
nghe ihuat
ciia
dan gian.
+ Nhicng motif chu yiu
Ciing vdi ydu td than ky la cac motif da
tao nen sy hap dan cua truyen cd tich, la
thanh td tao nen cac kieu cdt truyen cd tich
Viet -
Han.^Cac
motif giup ngudi dge de
dang tim thay sy tuang ddng trong truyen cd
tich hai nudc. Chiing tdi chi neu mdt sd
motif ehu yeu ciing xuat bien trong truyen cd
lich ngudi Viet va truyen cd tich ngudi Han:
su kit hon, su tricng phgt,
sic
tha thu, va
motif vi trdi.
2.
Su-
khae biet cua truyen co tich

nguoi
Viet va truyen co tich nguoi Han
2.L
Sir
khdc biet ve
npi
dung
+
Sic
khdc biit vi tin ngudng, phong tue,
li hpi
Ca ngudi Viet va ngudi Han deu tdn tai
tin ngudng thd dgng vat nhung ngudi Viet
thd thudng ludng
{Sic
tich dam
Mice)
cdn
ngudi Han cd tyc thd huau va gac huau bdi
nd la bidu tugng
ciia
su sinh sdi hay sy hdi
sinh {Chang don cui vd nang tien, Ngudi
duac "khai vi bua dn
").
Truyen cd tich cua
62
NGHIEN
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OONG BflC fl, SO 6(100) 6-2009

Nghien citu khoa hqc
ngudi Viet khdng de cap tdi tin ngudng thd
huau nhu truyen
ciia
ngudi Han.
Ngudi Viet cd tin ngudng thd than nghd
nhu than nghe
diic
ddng dugc ndi tdi trong
truyen Khong Lo
due
chudng hay ld*su tich
trdu vdng Ho Tdy va truyen Ngicdi tha due
vd anh hpc nghi, trong khi tin ngudng thd
than nghe khdng dugc ngudi Han nhac ldi
trong nhirng Iruyen cd lich ma chung ldi
nghien ciru.
Didm khae biet trong tin ngudng
ciia
ngudi Viet va ngudi Han cdn the hidn d ehd:
trong van hoa Han Qude, tin ngudng ban dja
Shaman dugc the hidn dam net. Ngudi dan
thd cac
thin
linh ma tren tat ca la
"Hanunim". Trong 81 truyen cd tich
ciia
ngudi Han cd tam truyen ndi tdi tin ngudng
thd Hanunim, nhung trong 201 truyen cd
tich cua ngudi Viet ebi cd hai truyen ndi ve

tin ngudng nay.
Qua cac truyen cd tich
eiia
ngirdi Viet,
chiing ta
thiy
sy anh hirdng
ciia
tam giao
Nho,
Phat, Dao duge thd bien ro net trong dd
ndi bat ban la Phat giao, cdn d
truyen
cd tich
Han Qudc, Nho giao dugc the hidn dam net
ban,
tit
nhien la chi trong pham vi de tai ma
chiing tdi khao sat.
Ngudi Viet cd phong tue
an
trau the hien
tinh nghTa
thlm
thidt gitra ngirdi vdi ngudi,
la bidu tugng
ciia
tinh ydu, sy gan bd va boa
hgp ma ngudi Han khdng cd phong tyc nay.
Triu

cau
gin
chat vdi phong tue tap quan lau
ddi
ciia
Viet Nam,
gin
vdi tinh each con
ngudi Viet Nam thuy chung. nhan nghTa {Su
tich trau. cau vd vol, Tdm Cam )
Ao md ba. cai sdng lua va cai ydm lua
didu ciing vdi
chide
khan nhieu kdt hgp vdi
nhau thanh mdt bd trang phuc dy hdi that
dep,
Ihd
hien sy dju dang cua cac cd gai
ngudi Viet da dugc ndi tdi trong truyen Tdm
Cam.
Ve dep the bien trong trang phuc nay
chi cd d Viet Nam, mang dam ban sac dan
tdc Viet Nam, that
khae
ve dep cua trang
phuc Han Qudc.
Khae vdi phong tyc lam banh chung banh
day cua ngudi Viet vao ngay mimg mdt let
Nguyen dan, ngudi Han dang cung td lien
mdn ttok-kuk va cho rang

an llok-kuk
cd
nghTa
"an"
mdl
nam
khae, phong tue nay
dugc ndi tdi trong truyen cd tich Tiing keu
cua chim gdy.
Ngoai ra,
van
hda ngudi Viet cdn cd sy
khae biet vdi van hda ngudi Han thdng qua
mdt sd phong tue khae. Ngudi Viet cd phong
tyc
diic
kim nguu (trau bang vang hay la
bing
kim khi) dd ydm cac mii sdng va phong
luc nay cd tir thdi Bac thudc, da dugc phan
anh qua truyen Khong Lo
diie
chuong hay
Id
su tich trdu vdng Ho Tdy. Ddi vdi ngudi
Han. qua mdt sd tai lieu vd van hda, dat
nudc,
con ngudi Han Qudc Cac tac gia cd
ndi vd phong tue due chudng ddng cd tir thdi
Tam qudc nhirng cac iruyen cd lich ma

chiing tdi nghien ciru cung khdng ndi tdi
nghe
diic
ddng truyen Ihdng nay.
Ld hdi Viet Nam kha phong
phii
dugc
phan anh ro net trong cac truyen cd tich.
Didm khae biet ve le hdi
ciia
ngudi Viet va
ngirdi Han thdng qua cac truyen cd tich ma
chung ta dd dang nhan thay nhat dd la le hdi
dugc cd tich ngudi Viet phan anh ro net ban,
dd cap tdi nhidu Id hgi ban, truyen cd tich
Han Qudc
rit
it ndi tdi van hda le hdi mac
dil ngudi Han ciing cd rat nhieu le hdi
gan
vdi ddi sdng tinh than nhan dan. Le hdi
ciia
ngudi Viet mang dau an cua tin ngudng tdn
giao.
dac biet la Phat giao dam net ban
ngudi Han. Qua le bdi ma chiing ta thay
dugc net dep rieng trong
van
hda Viet Nam.
Han Qudc.

NQHI£N
cdru
OONG
B^C
A. S6
6(ioo)
6-2009
63
Nghien ciiu khoa hqc
+ Su khdc biit ve quan hi gia
dinh
vd xd
hpi
Qua nhiing truyen cd tich, mdi quan he
gan
bd tran day tinh ydu thuang gitra me
chdng va nang dau dugc ngudi Han phan
anh rd net, sinh ddng qua eac truyen
Liia ciia
trdi, Chdo giun ddt. Nhung trong 201 truyen
ed tich cua ngudi Viet duge gidi thieu d Kho
tdng truyin co tich Viet Nam thi chi cd
truyen Quan Am Thi Kinh ndi vd sy bat hda
giiia me chdng va nang dau edn quan he tdt
dep,
hai chieu thi khdng duge nhan manh,
khdng dugc phan anh rd nhu cac Iruyen ed
tich
ciia
ngudi Han.

Sang tao truyen ed tich, ngudi Viet khdng
tap trung xay dyng nhtrng nhan vat ngudi
con hy sinh than minh de ciru cha nhu cae
truyen
ciia
ngudi Han ma chu yeu phe phan
sy xau xa cua nhirng ngudi con bat hieu, tir
dd khuyen
ran
con ngudi sdng diing vdi dao
lam con, nhtrng thanh vien di nguge vdi dao
ly
ciia
tinh mau tir se bj dan gian len an
manh me va phai nhan nhtrng hinh phat nang
ne.
Tieu bieu cd eac truyen Su tich khdn
tang, Cha me nuoi con bi ho lai ldng, con
nuoi cha me ki thdng ki ngdy, Dica con trdi
ddnh hay la truyin tiic gd chon me. Khi eai
ac xen vao cude sdng gia dinh se pha vd mdi
quan he than tinh, rudt thjt, gia dinh bj xao
trgn anh hudng tdi xa hgi, khien xa hdi cang
them rdi ren, phirc tap.
Neu nhu ngudi Viet xay dung nhtrng nhan
vat dien hinh
eiia
sy bat hieu vdi eha me thi
ngudi Han lai quan tam den sy hidu thao cua
con cai. Tir dd, quan he cha con mang dam

nghia tinh va cam dgng sau
sac
dugc ndi tdi
trong truyen Shim Ch 'ong ngicdi con gdi
hiiu thdo, Cd chip
miia
dong.
Truyen cd tich cua ngudi Viet ciing lay
dao
dire
va tinh cam lam chinh yeu nhung
qua nhtrng mdi quan he Irong gia dinh nhat
la quan he cha me va con cai thi yeu
Id
dao
dire va nhtrng quan niem Nho giao ehi phdi
den quan he do d trong gia dinh
ciia
ngudi
Viet khdng sau dam nhu ddi vdi cac gia dinh
ngudi Han.
Qua truyen cd tich, chiing ta thay quan he
giira anh va em trong gia dinh ngudi Viet
dien ra gay gat va khae nghiet ban quan he
anh em trong gia dinh ngudi Han. Ngudi
Viei
cd quan nidm: cai thien va cai ac khd cd
the dung hda, nd ludn tdn tai va ddi lap vdi
nhau nhung cai ae se bj tieu diet. Truyen
Cdy khi cua ngudi Viet nhan manh den vide

"khuyen thidn trirng ac" cai thien ludn dugc
hudng nhtrng dieu tdt dep nhat cdn eai ac se
bj tidu diet tan gdc cdn truyen Hung Pu vd
Non Pu cua ngudi Han thi lai giao due con
ngudi Idng vj tha, biet nhan Idi, sira ldi, can
dieu hoa mdi quan he trong gia dinh. Trong
truyen ed tich cua ngudi Han, mdi quan he
anh em ludn dugc phat tridn theo chieu
hudng tich eye the hien su dieu hda cac mdi
quan he trong gia dinh ciing nhu trong xa
hdi.
Ngoai ra, mau thuan gitra ngudi vg va
ngudi chdng, giiia ndng dan vdi dja
chii,
nha
giau duge phan anh trong nhiing truyen
ciia
ngudi Viet ro net va gay gat ban trong cac
truyen cua ngudi Han.
2.2.
Stf
khdc biet ve nghe thuat
Trong nhiing truyen ciing kieu (type)
truydn, nhan vat dugc ngudi Viet va ngudi
Han xay dyng mang nhiing net
khae
biet ve
each
ggi ten nhan vat, gidi tinh
ciia

nhan vat,
than phan, dja vj cua nhan vat, hanh ddng va
tinh each nhan vat, tieu bidu cd truyen Su
tich chim da da, Ndng
Xudn
Hicang, A Chicc
chdng Nguu (ngudi Viet) va
Chitn
Pul-kuc,
Choon Hyang - Hicang
miia
xudn, Kyon-u
64
NGHIEN
ecru
OONG BflC fl. SO 6(100) 6-2009
Nghien citu khoa hqc
ngudi chdn gia
siic
vd Chik-nyo ngicdi tha
dit (ngudi Han).
Mdt sd truyen
ciia
ngudi Viet, thdi gian
dugc mieu ta dai ban vdi nhidu su vide, dien
bien va nhan vat cung boat ddng trong mdt
khdng gian rdng ban so vdi khdng gian va
thdi gian Irong cac truyen cua ngudi Han.
Truyen Thgeh Sanh, Tdm Cam la hai truyen
tieu bieu cua ngudi Viet ed khdng gian rdng,

thai gian trai dai cho nen truyen ed nhieu sy
kien, bien cd xay ra ddi vdi nhan vat.
Trong truyen ctia ngudi Viet, nhan vat
hda than phai nhd den sire manh sieu nhien
ciia
nhan vat sieu thyc nhu Nggc Hoang,
than
tien.
Dire Phat Bd Tat, linh hdn linh
thieng cua ngudi chet tbi cac nhan vat trong
truyen cua ngudi Han vi linh bdn mang ban
nen ly minh hda than, khdng ed sy can thiep
ciia
cac luc lugng sieu nhien.
Yeu td than ky trong cac truydn
ciia
ngudi
Viet cdn the hidn qua viec xay dyng nhan
vat mang nhtrng dac diem ky la: nhan vat cd
chin ndt rudi dd {Vua Heo), dac diem ay
giiip cho nhan vat cd sire khde, tai nang ban
ngudi. Nhung hau nhu cac truyen cd tich
ciia
ngudi Han ma ehimg tdi nghien ciru khdng
cd truyen nao xay dyng nhan vat vdi nhirng
dac diem mang tinh than ky nhu mdt sd nhan
vat trong truyen cd tich
eiia
ngirdi Viet.
Truyen Ngudi bdn muoi rong vd con ma

xuang edng chdn, Co gdi cdo, Mat trdng vd .
mat trdi cua ngudi Han cd nhtrng chi tiet
khae
ban vdi tri tudng tugng eua ngudi Viet.
Kdt
Ihiic
truyen, ngirdi Viet thudng nhan
manh: cai thien dugc hudng mgi dieu tdt dep
cdn cai ac se bj trirng trj thich dang hay cai
ac dil dugc tha thir thi nd cung khdng the tdn
tai dugc trong cude sdng, nd phai chap nhan
kdt
cue
bi
Iham
luang img vdi nhtrng viec
lam, hanh ddng gay ra. Truyen cd tich
ciia
ngudi Han lai ed mdt hudng ket thuc bang
sy khoan nhugng, sy ldn tai va chung sdng
ciia
hai tuyen nhan vat ddi lap. Nhirng nhan
vat tham lam, gian ac cudi ciing nhan ra Idi
lam, biet hdi ban va cd dieu kien sua chira
Idi lam cua minh trd thanh mdt thanh vidn
ciia
cdng ddng, sdng tdt ban va dugc mgi
ngudi yeu men, gan bd, chia se
+ Cdc motif
chii

yiu
Cac motif trong truyen cd tich hai nudc
rat phong
phii,
da dang. Cd nhtrng motif chi
cd d truyen cd tich cua ngudi Viet ma khdng
cd trong Iruyen cd tich cua ngudi Han nhu
motif trdu cau, ngicdi cam, chdng trai khoi.
Ben canh dd, ciing ed nhtrng motif ciing xuat
hien trong truyen cd tich hai dan tdc nhung
chiing lai mang net khae nhau ve tan sd xuat
bien. nguyen nhan, y nghTa va hinh thirc bieu
bien, lieu bieu cd
\nai\{
diet yiu
qiidi,
chdng
ngoc.
3.
Nguyen nhan, y nghTa
ciia
su tuong
dong, khae biet
Trirdc bet hai nudc Viet Nam, Han Qudc
ciing
nam
trong viing van boa Ddng A, ciing
anh hirdng mdt ngudn van hda chung -
van
hda Trung Hoa -

la
ly do thir nhat lao nen
nhtrng diem tuong ddng ve ndi dung va nghe
thuat cua van hgc dan gian ndi chung, truyen
cd tich ndi rieng.
Ngudi Viet va ngudi Han mang tinh
each,
pham chat chung
ciia
ngudi phuang Ddng,
sdng coi trgng tinh nghTa, xa hdi cung dugc
xem nhu mdt gia dinh md rdng, vdi mdt che
do phong kien d phuang Ddng tdn tai hang
nghin
nam
trong ljch
sii.
Do dd, Viet Nam
va Han Qudc cd nhung hoan canh xa hdi
nhu nhau, ciing tdn tai che do xa bdi phong
kien, con ngudi ca nhan trd nen nhd be trude
gia dinh, ddng hg, lang xa, qudc gia. Dd cd
NGHIEN
ecru
06NG
BflC fl,
so
6(100) 6-2009
65
Nghien

citu khoa hqc
the la nguyen nhan thir hai
ciia
sy tuong
ddng
van
hge dan gian, trong dd ed cd tich.
Ben canh do, ca hai nude eiing tdn tai va
phat trien theo phuang thire san xuat chau A,
sdng Irong dieu kien ty nhien uu ai va cd quan
niem: thien - dja - nhan hgp nhat. Viet Nam va
Han Qudc ngoai sy anh hudng sau
sac
cua
Nho giao edn chju sy anh hudng cua Phat
giao va Dao giao. Viet Nam va Han Qude
nhidu thdi ky bj day day xeo bdi nan ngoai
xam. Nhting yeu td dja ly, ljch sir, kinh te,
tdn giao eiing gdp phan lam ndn diem tuong
ddng
van
hgc dan gian, trong dd cd cd tich
cua hai nudc.
Trong Ijch sir, cd sy kien da trd thanh nen
tang cho sy giao luu van hoa Viet - Han tir
xa xua, dd la sy kidn
nam
1226, Hoang tir
Ly Long Tudng la con thir cua vua Ly Anh
Tdng da ciing gia tdc vugt bien va trdi dat

den quan Khang Linh, trd thanh ngudi dat
nen mdng cho mdi giao luu
van
hda Viet
Nam - Han Qude. Sy giao luu trong qua khir
gitra hai dan tdc
chae
cung it nhieu dem lai
sy tuong ddng
dii
chua cd dieu kien kidm
ehirng mdt each chae chan. Ngoai ra, cdn cd
sy tuong ddng ngau nhidn ma khdng phai do
giao luu hay do ciing anh hudng cua ngudn
van
hda chung.
Tim hidu sy tuang ddng cua truyen cd
tich Viet - Han ciing la tim hieu ve van hda
ciia
nudc ban (Han Qudc) dd tir do thay dugc
sy giao thoa gitia hai nen van hda. Sy giao
thoa nay lam eho con ngudi hai nude gan
nhau ban, hieu nhau hon. Day la nen tang,
ca sd cho mdi quan he cua hai nudc phat
trien ban ntra theo hudng tich eye. Ngay
nay, nhu cau giao luu, tiep xue gitia nhan
dan hai nudc tren nhieu ITnh vue cang ngay
cang tang do dd rat can ed sy trao ddi ca con
ngudi Ian tri tud. Va Viet Nam mudn ed sy
hgp tac ben vtrng vdi Han Qudc thi sy hidu

biet sau
sac
ve truyen thdng
van
hda
ciia
ngudi Han la dieu can thidt, tir dd Viet Nam
va Han Qude se cd su hgp tac hiiu bieu trong
tam nhin xa trdng rdng cung vdi tinh than
phdi hgp chan thanh, tdn trgng va tin ludng
lan nhau de thuc day mdi nudc phat trien
phii
hgp vdi xu the chung
eiia
thdi dai.
van
hda cua ngudi Viet mang nhieu tinh
chat tinh edn van hda cua ngudi Han mang
nhieu chat dpng hon la tinh. Trong tinh each
ngudi Viet, ndi bat la tinh edng ddng lang xa
va tinh dan
chii
nhung
van
hda Han Qudc lai
mang net dac trung vdi
chii
nghia gia
dinh.
Nhtrng hoan canh Ijch sir va xa hdi vdi

nhtrng bien ddng cd sy khae nhau, tren con
dudng di chuyen qua khdng gian va thdi
gian, nhiing truyen cd tich da thu hut them
nhtrng sy kien mdi de bd sung vao lam cho
ehiing ngay cang hoan chinh, phong phu va
da dang. Trong qua trinh luu truyen, hien
thyc xa hdi phong kien da tac ddng khdng il
den ndi dung cdt truydn, lam cho truyen cd
tich cua ngudi Viet va ngudi Han cd sy thay
ddi,
khae nhau ve cdt truydn, them hoae bdt
mdt sd
motif.
Ngoai ra, nhtrng khae biet ve
van
hda vat chat va tinh than eung gdp phan
tao nen sy khae biet ve nhtrng motif thudc ve
bieu tugng van hda.
Ngoai ra,
van
hda Viet Nam ed truyen ca
ban thudc pham
trii van
hda Ddng Nam A.
van
hda truyen thdng Han Qudc thudc pham
tni van hda Ddng Bae A.
Nhting
khae
biet nay tao nen ban

sac
rieng eua van hda mdi nudc. Ngudi Viet cd
the hgc hdi tinh hoa van hoa ngudi Han va
ngudi Han cd the hgc hdi tinh hoa
van
hda
cua ngudi Viet de giai quyet nhirng van de
rieng cua minh. Tinh each dan tgc ciing vdi
nhu cau thudng thirc va sang tao cua hai dan
NGHIEN
ecru
OdNG
B^e
fl.
so
6(100) 6-2009
66
Nghien citu khoa hqc
tdc dugc the hien bang nhidu each khae nhau
de hudng tdi nhtrng gia trj nghe thuat. Hidu
sau, bieu thau nhtrng gia trj dich
Ihyc
cua
van hgc dan gian
ciia
ngudi Viet, chiing ta
cang them ty bao ve con ngudi Viet Nam
vdi ban ITnh ridng, ca tinh, dac tinh sang tao
thich hgp rieng khdng gidng, khdng the hda
trdn, nham lan vdi cac nen

van
hda khae.
Ket luan
Tuy
vide
nghien ciru so sanh iruyen cd
tich Viet - Han mdi d mire do ban dau
nhung cd the tam ket mdt sd van de so bd
nhu sau:
1.
Ve phuang dien ndi dung, Iruyen cd
tich
ciia
ngudi Viet va ngudi Han deu luu
gitr nhtrng net dep vd
van
hda, phan anh rd
nhtrng tin ngudng, phong tyc, nhtrng Id hdi
va ddi sdng vat chat
eiia
dan gian hai nudc.
Truyen cd tich bai nude mang tinh giao
dye
cao va dugc the bien mdt each rd net, sinh
ddng. Khi giai thich thien nhien, tac gia dan
gian bao gid cung Idng vao trong dd ndi
dung xa bdi - nhan sinh. Cac quan he trong
gia dinh, xa hdi eung dugc phan anh rat sinh
dgng, rd net nhu mdt ndi dung ca ban cua
thd loai cd tich. Quan be ay that da dang va

phirc tap bao gdm quan he vua tdi, cha con,
chdng vg, ban be, anh em, thay trd, quan he
gitra me chdng - nang dau, dja chu - ndng
dan
gin
lidn vdi sy ddi lap giiia giau ngheo,
xau tdt, thien ac.
2.
Vd khia canh nghe thuat, khi sang tao
tmyen cd tich, ca ngudi Viet va ngudi Han
ludn dat ten iruyen mang tinh dd nhd, dd
hidu va don gian. Khi xay dung nhan vat thi
chu trgng den hanh ddng nhan vat, coi nhe
ngi tam va ngoai hinh
ciia
nhan vat. The gidi
nhan vat vdi nhidu kidu nhan vat khae nhau.
mdi kieu nhan vat ben canh nhtrng dac diem
chung cdn ed nhtrng dac diem rieng the bien
sy sang tao tai tinh cua ngudi xua, dem tdi
nhieu bat ngd, cam xue cho ngudi nghe.
ngudi dgc.
Cdi
Iruyen don tuyen, cac he
thdng sy kien dugc ke lai ggn gang, don gian
ve sd lugng, lap Irung vao hanh ddng, linh
each
cua nhan
vai.
Cdt truyen dugc cau tao

bang chudi hanh ddng
ciia
cac nhan vat va
Ihudng cd md dau. dien bien. ket thiic. Thdi
gian va khdng gian it lien quan den tinh each
nhan vat. Yeu td than ky trong truyen cd tich
ddng vai trd mdt
thii
phap quan trgng bd trg
nhan vat chinh va thuc day cho cdt Iruyen
phat trien. Nhieu motif ciing xuat hien trong
truyen cd tich hai nudc, la san pham ciia tri
tudng tugng,
ciia
sy quan sat cugc sdng xa
hdi,
lam ndi bat dac trung
ciia
the loai truyen
cd lich ndi rieng, truyen cd dan gian ndi
chung.
3.
Mac dil truyen cd lich Viet Nam, Han
Qudc cd nhieu net tuang ddng ve ndi dung
song van cd nhung khae biel. Sy khae biet
dd dugc the hien qua nhirng tin ngudng,
phong
tue.
Id hdi mang ban
sac

rieng
ciia
mdi dan tdc. Cd tin ngudng, phong tue, le
hdi chi cd trong ddi sdng tinh than
ciia
ngudi
Viet ma khdng cd trong ddi sdng linb than
ciia
ngudi Han. Ddng thdi eae yeu td van
hda vdi nhirng vj tri, y nghTa khae nhau,
mang
sac
thai dam nhat khae nhau d mdi
nudc da gdp phan tao nen nhtrng quan he gia
dinh, xa hdi mang nhieu net
khae
biel.
4.
So sanh truyen cd tich ngudi Viet vdi
truyen cd tich ngudi Han, chiing la thay
dugc net rieng trong nghe thuat
ciia truyen
cd tich hai nude ve xay dung nhan vat, thdi
gian va khdng gian. yeu td than ky. ket
Ibiic
NGHIEN
ecru
OONG BflC fl,
s6
6(100) 6-2009

67
Nghien
ciiu
khoa hqc
truyen va cac
motif.
Euan hdi va sd menh
ciing vdi yen td than ky thudng dugc sir
dung, la nhtrng phuang tien nghe thuat hiru
hieu de ngudi Viet md rdng khdng gian va
thdi gian truydn ke, hd trg nhan vat va giup
eho edt truydn phat trien den ket thue cd hau.
Trong ket thiic ay, ngudi Viet thudng cd sy
thudng phat rach rdi, khdng cd sy khoan
nhugng va chung sdng hda thuan eua hai
tuyen nhan vat ddi lap nhu trong truyen eua
ngudi Han.
5.
Viet Nam va Han Qudc cd nhieu thuan
Igi de thiet lap, phat tridn mdi quan he, sy
giao luu hgc hdi lan nhau bdi cd nhtrng
tuang ddng trong
van
boa
eiia
hai nude. Sy
tuang ddng ay cd edi ngudn sau xa duge
hinh thanh sudt hang ngan
nam
va ed sy ben

viing lau dai, la ca sd vtrng
chae
tao dyng
mdi quan he Viet Nam - Han Qudc phat
trien nhanh chdng. Su tuong ddng va khae
biet trong sy phat trien
van
hda va van hgc
ciia hai dan tdc da khidn cho mdi quan he hai
nudc cd y nghTa dac biet, tao ca sd eho
nhirng cugc giao luu trong tucmg lai.
Trong bdi canh qude td va tinh hinh khu
vye cd nhieu bien ddi, cac mdi quan he ngay
cang rdng md, xu budng toan eau hda md
cua hdi nhap kinh te qudc te trd thanh trao
Imi
ehung cho the gidi. Viet Nam, Han Qudc
ddu hda minh vao ddng chay chung cua thdi
dai,
mang lai eho dat nudc su phat trien,
phdn thjnh hon.
Qua so sanh truyen cd tich cua ngudi Viet
va truyen cd tich
ciia
ngudi Han (qua tai lieu
djeh),
mac
dii
chua the khai quat het cac dac
didm eua ed tich hai dan tdc nay, nhung

budc
diu
tae gia cung da chi ra nhiing tuong
ddng va
khae
bidt ehu yeu
ciia
kho tang
truyen cd tich ngudi Viet va ngudi Han.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
Nguyen Long Chau (2000), Tim hieu vdn
hod Hdn Qudc, Nxb Giao
due.
Ha Ngi.
2.
Nguyen Ddng Chi (2000), Kho tdng
truyen
cd tich
Viet
Nam,
I, Nxb Giao due, Ha Ngi.
3.
Nguyen Ddng Chi (2000), Kho tdng
truyen
cd tich
Viet
Nam,
II,
Nxb Giao

due.
Ha Ngi.
4.
Trinh Huy Hoa (bien djeh) (2004). Ddi
thogi vdi cdc nen vdn hod Trieu Tien. Nxb Tre,
TP.Hd Chi Minh.
5.
Dai hge Qude gia Ha Ngi-Trudng Dai hoc
Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan van-Khoa Dong
Phuong bgc (2006), Tap hgp cdc
bed
gidng
chuyen de Hdn Qudc
hgc.
Ha Ngi.
6. Dinh Gia Khanh (chii bien) (2001), Vdn
hoe ddn gian
Viet
Nam,
Nxb Giao
due.
Ha Ngi.
7.
Jeon Hye Kyung (2005), Nghien cuu so
sdnh truyen cd Hdn Qudc vd Viet Nam thdng
qua tim hieu su tich ddng vdt, Nxb Dai hgc
Quoc gia Ha Ngi, Ha Ndi.
8. Dang Van Lung
(ebii
bien)

(1998),
Truyen
ed Hdn Qudc, Nxb Van hoa Dan
toe.
Ha Ngi.
9. Dang Van Lung (2002), Tiep can vdn hod
Hdn
Qudc,
Nxb Van boa -Thdng
tin.
Ha Ngi.
10.
Nhidu tae gia
(1999),
Hdn Qudc xin chdo
bcin
(HELLO from KOREA), Cue Thdng tin Han
Qudc xuat ban, Seoul.
11.
Le Hdng Phong
(2001),
Vdn
hge ddn gian
Viet
Nam (Bdi gidng tdm tdt), (luu banh ngi bo),
Trudng Dai bgc Da
Lai.
12.
Co quan Thdng tin Hai ngoai Han Quoc
(2003),

Hdn Qudc ddt nude - eon ngudi. Nxb
Thd Gidi, Ha Ngi.
13.
Nguyen Ba Thanh
(1996),
Tuang ddng
vdn hod Viet Nam - Hdn Qudc, Nxb Van boa-
Thong
lin.
Ha Ngi.
68
NGHIEN
ecru
OONG BflC fl. SO 6(100) 6-2009