Khủng hoảng tâm lý học đường thực trạng và giải pháp

Khung hoang tam ly hoc ducmg:
Thuc trang va giai phap
Nguyin Thi Nhung
' Hoc vien Canh sat nhdn ddn.
Email:
Nhan ngdy 10 thdng 5 ndm 2019. Chdp nhan ddng ngay 16 thdng 8 ndm 2019.
Tom tat: Hien nay, nhieu hgc sinh cd bieu hien rdi loan ve tam ly (lo au, tram cam); roi loan phat
trien va ky nang nha trudng (nhu doc, viet, tinh toan); rdi loan Ve hanh vi (nhu gay rdi, bo hgc,
trgm cap). Dieu nay khien nhieu hgc sinh gap khdng it khd khan trong hgc tap, tu duang dao diic,
xay dung ly tudng sdng cho minh ciing nhu xac djnh each thuc ung xd cho phit hgp vdi cac mdi
quan he xung quanh. Vi vay hgc sinh rdt can su giiip da ciia cac nha chuyen mon, ciia cac thdy cd
giao va cha me; cac em deu cd nhu cau can dugc sy giiip dd cua ngudi ldn de thoat khdi sy khiing
hoang ve tam ly trong qua trinh phat trien ciia minh.
Tu khoa: Giao dye, khiing hoang, tdm ly hgc dudng.
Phao loai nganh: Tam ly hgc
Abstract: Nowadays, many school pupils show signs of psychological disorders (anxiety,
depression), developmental disorders and those related to school skills, such as reading, writing,
calculating, as well as behavioural disorders, such as troublemaking, dropouts, and theft. Those
phenomena cause many difficulties for them in studying, cultivating morality, and developing
ideals of life, as well as determining how to behave in accordance with the surrounding
relationships. Therefore, they require the help of professionals, teachers, and parents. They all need
the help of adults to escape the psychological crises arising during their development process.
Keywords: Education, crisis, school psychology.
Subject classitlcation: Psychology

I. Mff dau
Su phat triln vdi tdc do nhanh vd ddy biln
ddng cita n i n kinh t l - xa hdi da dem din
cho qua trinh sdng, hgc t^p va ren luyen cua

hge sinh phd thdng ngay cdng nhieu ca hdi,

nhung ciing chda dyng nhidu ydu td bat lgi
ddi vdi su phdt tridn nhanj;ach cua eac em
hoc sinh. Nhu cdu dugc hd trg vd mat tinh
thdn de phat tridn thuan Igi nhdt ngay cang
103


Khoa hoc xa hdi VietNam, sd 9 - 2019
trd nen cap bdch hem ddi vdi the he tre. Ban
thdn boat ddng giao due trong cdc nha
trudng cung cdn dugc lam phong phu them
vdi nhflng hieu biet sdu sac hon ve mat tam
ly cua hgc sinh de tao dieu kidn thich nghi
hda ndi dung giao due theo didu kien va kha
nang cua ngudi hgc. Mdi trudng hge dudng
d Viet Nam ngay nay da ed nhftng chuydn
ddng vugt bde ed vd chdt lugng, sd lugng,
nhung ciing di kem vdi mdt ngudn nhu cau
rgng ldn trong viec glai quyet cac vdn de
tdm ly cd lien quan. Do do, nhu cau ve boat
ddng tdm ly hgc dudng de hd trg hgc tap va
nang cao ehdt lugng mdi trudng giao due
tai Viet Nam la rdt cap thiet [10]. Neu ldm
tdt cdng tac tdm ly hgc dudng, se ban chd
tinh trang hgc sinh hu hdng, quay pha, bd
hgc, trdm cam...; ngan ehan kip thdi tinh
trang bao lyc hgc dudng da va dang gdy ra
ndi lo cua phu huynh hgc sinh va toan xa
hdi; giup eho hgc sinh dinh hudng dugc
tdm Iy, tu tudng, hinh thaiih nhdn each

diing ddn vd trd thanh cdng dan tdt cho xa
hdi. Bai viet ban ve vdn dd khung hoang
tdm Iy hgc dudng, thuc trang va giai phap.

2. Thuc trang khung hoang tam ly
hoc dudng
2.1. Mdt hicng thu trong hpc tap
Ben canh nhiing hgc sinh vui thich, dam me
vdi viec hgc tap thi cung cd mdt bd phan
khdng nhd cac em khdng thich hgc, ehan
hge, nguyen nhdn la do mdt hung thu hgc
tap. Sy hung thii khdng phai la mgt thanh
phan bdt bien dae tnmg eho bat ki mdt mdn
hgc ndo ca? Vi vay, tac nhan gdy mdt hung
thu chdc chdn khdng thd thudc ve ban than
mdn hgc, ma no nam d nhiing nguyen nhdn
104

khdc. Do khdng hidu bai tren ldp ndn eac
em se thdy khd khdn khi tidp thu kidn thde.
Do dd, eac em duong nhien khdng the ed
hung thu hge va kit qua hgc tap ludn di
xudng la dilu dd hilu. Day la mdt hien
tugng khdng hidm gap trong bdi canh giao
dye hidn nay, khi ma vide hgc don thuan d
Idp khdng thd dap ung dii dugc nhu edu
tuong duong vdi trinh dd eua mdi hgc sinh
do sT so ldp qua ddng. Khdng nhung thd, tde
ddng td mdi trudng cdng cd anh hudng nhat
dinh tdi kdt qua hgc tap cua moi hgc sinh.

Ddi khi khdng cd hung thu hgc ciing bat
ngudn tu cdng tdc gidng day. Chiing ta edn
phai y thuc Iai ve viec gidng day. Giao vidn,
trudc hit phai la ngudi ggi md, ddn dat va
phdi tao dugc su hdng thu trong viec tidp
thu kien thdc cua hgc sinh. Vdi mdt cd giao
ndi tieng nghiem khac, thi duong nhien khd
CO the tao hung thii hgc tap cho cdc em, ma
thay vao do chi la tam ly sg sai ma cac em
ludn phai duy tri trong sudt gid hgc.
Chucmg trinh hgc tap edn nhidu bdt cap,
nang ve mat tri lyc cua hgc sinh (ddi hdi
khd ndng ghi nhd - tai hidn cao), trong khi
cae van dd khac nhu ky ndng sdng, ky ndng
giao tiep, sinh hoat ngoai khod thi md nhat,
tham chi khdng ed dieu kien dd td chuc
thuc hidn. Dieu nay dang tao ra mdt sue ep
rat ldn ddi vdi hgc sinh trong vide tidp thu
va ghi nhd bai hgc. Ddy eiing la ly do vi sao
ma hgc sinh eo xu hudng hgc tu, hgc lech.
Cac em phdi hgc rdt nhieu mdn, tilp xiic
vdi rat nhidu khai nien mdi, trdu tugng va
sdu sac hem. Khi hge len cao cac em cdn
phdi ddu tu rat nhieu vdo mdn hgc dd hilu
nhftng gi dugc truyln dat. Cung vi nhu vay
ma cac em can cd thdi gian hgp Iy va cd
mdt each hgc hieu qua. GS.TS. Pham Phu
(Thanh vien Hdi ddng Giao due Qudc gia)

Nguyin Thj Nhung
cho rdng: "Chuang trinh gido due hien nay
qua nang nl, qua han ldm. Chung ta can
giai quydt ngay vdn dd nay. Neu chiing ta
giai quydt dugc viec nay chiing ta se giai
quylt duge rdt nhieu van de khac, tu ty td
vi dp luc ddn day them hgc them" [12]. Dd
khdng it hgc sinh chgn cho minh each hgc
tu, hgc lech. NghTa la cac em chi chu trgng
ddn nhiing mdn minh thich va eiing xac
dinh dd la nhung mdn minh thi de vuon tdi
cdp hgc eao hon.
Tai nhd trudng cac chuang trinh giang
day It cd sy tham gia tich cyc ciia hgc sinh,
phuang phdp truyen dat thdng tin tu giao
vien tdi hgc sinh van phd bidn hien nay, hge
sinh phai chdp nhdn kidn thdc san cd va
dugc kiem tra bang each hgc thudc long cdc
bai gidng. Cdc bdi hge lap di lap Iai da
khdng tao eho tre hung thii vdi hgc
tdp. Giao vien gidng day cdn chay theo
thanh tich thi dua trong hgc tap gifta cac
trudng, cdc qudn va thanh phd. Vi vdy cac
em hgc sinh bat budc phai chay dua cung
gido vien, vdi sd lugng bdi tap nhidu, cde
em khdng chi hgc bdng thdi gian d tren ldp
va ngay thdi gian nghi d nha. Nhftng em
hgc kem cang phdi hgc nhieu hon dd theo
kip eae ban cimg ldp.
Rdt nhidu hgc sinh va phu huynh qud ky

vgng vdo nang luc cua ban thdn hoac con
minh. Ben canh do la vide tao dp lyc hgc
tap cho con khi dat ldn con nhitng ky vgng
qua kha nang con cd the dat dugc khidn hgc
sinh ehan nan, khdng thich, tham chi la
"sg" hgc... Khi da sg rdi thi chac ehan hgc
sinh khdng thd tim thdy nidm vui trong viec
hgc tap: "Cac em sd khd khdn trong vide the
hien ban thdn, tang muc do stress va thanh
tich hgc tap giam, dd danh mat nhidu ca hdi
thanh cdng trong tuong lai" [14].

Nguyen Thi Binh cho rdng: "Ap luc hgc
tap ^Id mdt trong nhihig nguyen nhdn chinh
khien tre de bi rdi loan tdm ly. Hien tai,
khdi lugng hgc cdc mdn van hda d trudng
ma cae con phai hgc la rdt ldn. Vl nhd, cdc
con cdn phai di hgc them, hgc ngoai ngft...
Thdi gian con di hgc cdn nhilu ban bd me
di lam. Mdi ngay hgc 8 tilng d tmdng, hgc
them d nhd, hgc cac mdn ndng khilu, tre
thilu thdi gian trdng dl chai thi thao hay
tham gia cac hoat dgng xa hdi, dilu nay
khidn tre dd bi "mu mi", thilu ky nang
sdng, kinh nghiem sdng" [11].
2.2. Xu hu&ng trdm cdm ngdy cdng tdng
Rdi loan trdm edm ed the la ket qua ciia
nhieu yeu td. Trong do, yeu td tdm Iy - xd
hgi la mdt trong nhiing nguyen nhdn khdi
phat mdt giai doan tram cam d hgc sinh phd

bidn nhat. Day la yeu td nguy eo dang ke
ddi vdi viec duy tri rdi loan tram cam d Ida
tudi hgc dudng. Nhirng ap luc hgc tap cang
thdng, ddc biet la vao mua thi cu ciing khien
cho cac em phdi chiu nhieu lo ldng, rdi loan
tinh thdn. Khdng nhirng thdy cd giao ma
nhidu bdc eha me eung ky vgng qua nhieu d
tre, dieu nay ciing tao dp lye cho cac em.
Cac em thudng nghT rdng ngudi ldn da qua
dp dat, khdng ed sy thdu hilu... ddn din
cam gidc chdn sdng vd xu ly sy viec rdt tieu
cue. Nha nghidn cdu tam Iy hge Do Nggc
Khanh cho rdng: "Tam trang chdn nan dnh
hudng' din kha nang tidp nhan nhftng nhan
thdc tich cyc va tidu cyc cd lien quan. Do
do, nhan thue tieu cyc xudt hien da tao ra
trdm cam va ngugc lai, trdm cam lam tang
nhijng suy nghT tieu cue va nhftng nhdn
thuc tidu cue ndy se lam trdm cam nang
hon. Mdi quan he tucmg hd giua trim cam
105


Khoahgcxahdi VietNam, sd 9-2019
va nhdn thue tieu cue la co sd tao thdnh ehu
ky Iuan qudn se keo ddi va tang cudng trdm
cdm [2]. Nhu vdy, neu khdng cd cac gidl
phap kip thdi de giup hge sinh thodt khdi
trang thdi tram earn, lo du thi he luy la rat
khd ludng. Theo mdt ket qud khdo sat, van

de rdi loan tdm thdn d hgc sinh la dang bao
ddng. Ty le stress d hgc sinh chiem hem
35,1%; lo du la 59%) va trdm edm la 38,7%).
Trong do, nhieu tre dang ddi mat vdi nhiing
van de nghiem trgng ve mat sue khde tam
thdn, khdng it trudng hgp mac ca 3 vdn de
neu tren [18].
2.3. Bgo liec hpc du&ng gia tdng
Tinh trang bao lyc hgc dudng hien nay
dang trd ndn kha phd bien tai hau het nhiing
qudc gia tren the gidi. Ddy ciing Id vdn dd
chung cua giao due qudc td. Tai Viet Nam,
bao lyc hgc dudng hien nay dang la van dd
rat nghiem trgng. "Theo mdt so lieu cua Bg
Giao due va Dao tao, ehi trong mdt nam
hge, toan qudc xay ra gan 1600 vy hgc sinh
danh nhau trong va ngoai trudng hgc. Cung
theo mdt sd thdng ke, khoang 5.200 hgc
sinh thi cd mdt vy danh nhau va 11.000 hgc
sinh thi cd mdt em bj thdi hgc vi ddnh
nhau" [15]. Dieu nay cho thay, tinh trang
bao luc hge dudng dang la van dd nhuc
nhdi tai mgi cap hgc, ldp hgc vdi muc do
gia tang ngay cang cao va hdu qud ngay
cang Idn.

3. Giai phap khac phuc khung hoang tam
ly hoc dudng
Mpt Id, giao vien chu nhiem khdng phdi ehi
la day cho cac em vd kien thue, ma con

106

phdi giup eac em hinh thanh nhan each;
khdng chi Id day chft ma cdn phdi day
ngudi. Vi le do ma su nghidp giao due dugc
menh danh Id "trdng ngudi". Viec trdng
ngudi nay ddi hdi phai cd su chung tay gop
sue eiia cdc lyc lugng xa hdi, ma quan trgng
nhdt la sy phdi hgp an y, chat che giua gia
dinh va nha tnrdng.
Vdi mdt sd hgc sinh, gia dinh khdng
phai la chdn binh ydn, khdng phdi Id nai ma
em mudn quay ve sau mdi ngay di hge. O
tudi mdi ldn, vi ludn mudn dugc quan tam,
ddi khi cdc em thdi phdng van de ciia minh
ldn qua mdc, khiln cho vide nhd trd nen
trdm trgng. Neu khdng dugc kjp thdi giup
do, khi cam thay khdng ai quan tam ddn
minh, cac em se ty gidi quydt vdn de vd
thdng thudng do la nhiing each xu ly tieu
cue, ddi khi gay ra hau qua vd eimg tram
trgng.
Vdi tu each la giao vien chu nhidm
(GVCN), ngudi thay can phai cd dii thdi
gian, du kidn nhdn, du ban ITnh va quan
trgng nhdt la phai cd du tinh thucmg de eo
the lang nghe, thdng cam, thdu hieu, chia se
va dinh hudng eho cac em each gidi quylt
nhung van dd khd khan trong cudc sdng.

Tuy nhien, khdng ndn chd ddn khi that su
cd vdn dd rdi mdi di tim cdch giai quyet, ma
phdi phdt hidn duge vdn de khi nd con tilm
dn, ngan ehan nhiing tinh hudng xdu phat
sinh.
Mudn lam dugc dieu do, ngay tu ddu
nam hge, khi,vua nhdn ldp, GVCN phai tim
hidu that can ke tinh hinh hgc sinh thdng
qua cdc ngudn khac nhau. Tu ban than cac
em thdng qua Phieu thdng tin ca nhdn, ed
the nam duge hoan canh kinh t l gia dinh
tinh hinh nha d, mdi quan he gia dinh xa
hdi, nhung udc mudn, sd trudng, nhung


Nguyen Thj Nhung
khd khan nlu co... Vdi nhung thdng tin ddu chuong tnnh. Nhung boat ddng ngodi nha
tien nay, GVCN c6 thd sang lge chgn ra trudng thdng thudng se giup cho thdy va trd
nhiing hgc sinh cd hoan eanh ddc biet de gdn gui, gdn bd vdi nhau, dl cam thdng cho
nlu cdn, thu thdp thdm thong tin vd cac em nhau. Viec dd hge sinh ty thuc hien hoat
thdng qua ban be, cha me, GVCN hay thdy dgng ngoai gid Ien ldp vda phat huy dugc
cd eft cua cac em. Tuy nhidn, trong cugc nang lyc sang tao cua cac em, vua tao dilu
sdng, khdng cd gi la khdng thd xdy ra. Vi kien cho eac em thd hidn eac ky nang sdng
vay, ddi vdi nhflng hgc sinh dugc danh gid can cd: ky nang boat dgng nhdm, ky ndng
that binh thudng vd hoan canh, vd tam Iy, hgp tac, ky ndng the hien sy ty tin, ky nang
cung khdng nen chu quan cho rdng khdng giao tiep... Trong qua trinh lam vide, cac
cdn phai quan tdm den ede em. GVCN phdi em se thdt chat thdm tmh doan kit, se cd
the hien su quan tdm cua minh den vdi timg duge nhung ky niem khd qudn cho thdi do
hgc sinh, nhung ciing phdi dat trgng tdra, trdng cua minh.
trgng diem d mdt sd hgc sinh cd biet. Song

Hai Id, boat ddng tu van tdm Iy hge
song do, GVCN eung can tu hinh thdnh cho dudng can dugc bat ddu d edp THCS vi hgc
minh mdt mang ludi thu thap thong tin sinh d cap hgc nay, d do tudi day thi hay do
rieng tu cac ngudn: giao vien bd mdn, tudi "ndi loan" ed tam sinh Iy phdc tap. Ddi
giam thj phy trach ldp, cha me, ban be cua vdi cac trudng, td chdc "Phdng tu vdn tdm
hgc sinh.
Iy - hudng nghiep" edn ehu y. Thanh lap Td
Sau khi nam chac dugc tinh hinh hgc tu vdn tdm ly do mdt thanh vien ban gidm
sinh, GVCN tidn hanh budc thd hai: quan hieu true tiep phu trach. Phd bien vd muc
sat. Quan sat dd phat hidn nhitng thay ddi dich, ndi dung cua boat dgng tu vdn tdm Iy
trong hdnh vi, nhirng hien tugng bat thudng hgc dudng dd giao vidn, hgc sinh, eha me
trong ddi sdng hgc dudng, quan sdt nhiing hgc sinh hieu va cd edi nhin diing dan vdi
bieu hien ciia hgc sinh cd nguy co rdi nhieu nhung hgc sinh tim ddn Phdng tu vdn.
tam ly. Dd cd the la nhitng bieu hidn nhd: di
Td Tu vdn tdm Iy can cd mang ludi cdng
tre, nghi hge khdng xin phep, bd tiet. Va tae vidn la GVCN, GV tdng pbu trach, can
nghiem trgng hem, nhu vi pham kidm tra, bd ldp dl nim bdt tinh hinh nhdm chu dgng
vo le vdi giao vien... Vdi nhiing hgc sinh tu vdn hay tu van phdng ngua; khdng thu
ca biet, viec nghi hgc, bd tiet la chuyen ddng chd hgc sinh tu den nhd tu van. Cae
thudng ngay, nhung vdi rihung hgc sinh thanh vien Td tu vdn tam ly chu ddng gidi
vdn ngoan ngoan, cham chi thi mdt bieu thidu ddn hge sinh boat ddng eda phdng tu
hien nhd nhdt cung la didu cdn luu y.
van tam ly qua trang tin dien td ciia trudng,
Ngoai ra, nham xdy dyng mdi trudng tra ldi thdc mdc cua hgc sinh qua thu dien
tdm Iy thudn lgi cho hgc sinh, GVCN can td td... tao cho hgc sinh cd nhu cau va kich
chuc cac hoat dgng tap thd, vui choi, boat thich nhu cdu su dung tu vdn tdm Iy hgc
ddng gido due trong pham vi ldp chu dudng dl ndng cao ehdt lugng cugc sdng,
nhiem. Dd cd thd la mdt chuydn da ngoai hgc tap cua cac em.
Bd tri Phdng tu vdn tam ly - hudng
nho nhd, mdt hoat dgng ngoai gid len ldp

do chinh cac em thiet kd va thye hidn nghidp d noi kin dao, lich sy tao tam ly
107


Khoahgcxahdi VietNam, sd9-2019
thoai mai, gdn gdi eho hgc sinh khi din lien
he; khdng dimg chung vdi cac phdng khac.
Nen trang bi mdt sd sdch, bao ma hgc sinh
ua thich trong phdng nay. Ngodi viee tu vdn
rieng khi hgc sinh cd nhu cau, Td tu van
tdm ly can td chdc cac budi ndi chuydn, hgi
thao de tu vdn chung cbo hgc sinh (tu vdn
truyen thdng) va tao dieu kien de hgc sinh
dugc ddi thoai. Td tu vdn cdn phdi hgp chat
che vdi cac lue lugng khac trong va ngoai
nhd trudng khi thdy can thiet cd sy hd trg
dac biet.
Khdng chi tu vdn cho hgc sinh ma cdn
phdi tu van cho ca cha me hgc smh de hg
biet each qudn Iy con cdi va phat hien sdm
nhirng tdm tu, bidu hidn ciia hgc sinh thi
vide tu van cho hgc sinh mdi thye sy hieu
qua. Giao vien tu vdn hay tu van vidn phdi
thdn thien, kheo leo ggi md de hgc sinh
"trdi long" va phai gift bi mat thdng tin ma
hgc sinh tiet Id. Lam sao de hge sinh tin
tudng vd thich ddn Phdng tu vdn tdm ly vao
gid ra choi-hay luc ranh rdi de trd chuydn
va dugc thdu hieu.
Nhu vdy, hoat dgng tu van tam ly thuc

sy can thiet trong mdi nha trudng, cdn dugc
sy quan tam dung muc va kip thdi cua cac
cap quan ly gido due, nham eimg cap cho
hgc sinh "lieu thudc tinh than", giup cdc em
vugt qua nhiing khiing hoang tam ly. Hoat
dgng nay eiing giup giai quydt nhung
nhiing khd khan eua hgc dudng va cua
xa hdi.
Ba la, phai kdt hgp chat che gifta gia
dinh, nhd trucmg va xa hdi trong vide gido
due, ren luyen dao due, ldi sdng cho hgc
sinh. Day la vdn de cd y nghTa quan trgng
nham phdt huy sue manh tdng hgp ciia cae
td chuc, cde lyc lugng cung cham lo giao
due, ren luyen dao due, ldi sdng cho hgc

sinh, smh vien, hinh thanh phdm ehat cao
dep cua con ngudi mdi xa hdi chu nghTa.
Trudc bit gia dinh la noi luu giu cac gid tri
dao due truyln thdng tdt dep cua ddn tde, la
mdi trudng ddu tidn hinh thanh dao ddc cho
hge sinh, sinh vidn. Gia dinh la noi ma tinh
yeu qud huong, ddt nudc, yeu thucmg con
ngudi dugc truydn tu thd he nay sang the he
khdc. Do dd trong gia dinh, dng ba, cha me
phdi that sy mau myc, Idm guong vd dao
ddc, ydu thuong, chdm lo bdi dudng the he
tre. Hien nay do sue ep ve lao ddng, viec
lam khidn cho khdng it cac bac Idm cha,
lam me mai midt muu sinh hoac chi lo Iam

giau ma thieu quan tam viec gido due dao
due cho con cai, hoac khodn trang cho nhd
trucmg va xa hgi. Nhieu khi con cai vi pham
dao due hoac vi pham phap luat ma cha me
khdng he hay bidt, hoac khdng bidt each
ngan ehan, phdng ngira. Dd giao due dao
due cho thanh nien, mdi gia dinh edn gift
gin dao due, ndn nep gia phong, phdt huy
cac gia trj dao ddc truydn th6ng, lam cho
cdc gia tri do ngay cang toa sang, gdp phan
bdi dudng tu tudng tirih cam cao dep cho
the he con chdu. Nha trudng khdng chi day
chu, day nghd ma cdn la noi day ngudi.
Giao due Iy tudng, dao Iy lam ngudi la ngi
dung giao due hang dau trong nha trudng
hidn nay va phai dac bidt coi trgng.
Mgt sd nhd trudng mdi chi quan tdm
trang bi kien thdc chuyen mdn, tay nghl ma
xem nhe hoac thieu quan tdm giao due dao
due, ldi sdng cho hgc sinh, sinh vien. Hgc
sinh, sinh vien ngay nay dang sdng trong
thdi ky bung nd thdng tin, kinh tl tri thdc
phat trien manh me, giao luu qudc tl ngay
cdng md rdng. Hgc sinh, sinh vien da vd
dang chiu anh hudng ca mat tieh cyc va mat
tieu cyc tu mdi trucmg kinh td, xa hdi. Vi


Nguyin Thj Nhung
v^y cac td chdc, doan the, cac don vi luc

lugng vu trang can quan tam dinh hudng
tao mdi trudng thudn Igi de hge sinh, sinh
vien phdn ddu, ren luyen, trucmg thdnh. Cdp
uy dang, chinh quydn, mat tran, doan thi,
nhdt la Doan thanh nidn Cdng sdn Hd Chi
Minh cdn td chue nhieu hoat ddng phong
phii, da dang de thu hut, rdn luyen hgc sirih,
sinh vien theo cde chudn muc dao due each
mang. Kip thdi bieu duong, nhdn rgng each
lam hay va kien quydt udn nan nhiing thieu
sdt, lech lac, nhflng bieu hien lech chuan
trong dao due, Idi sdng eua thanh nien.
Bdn Id, phdt huy vai trd ty hgc tap, ty du
dudng, ren luyen dao due, ldi sdng cua hgc
sinh. Phdt huy vai trd tu duong dao due ldi
sdng la bien phap quan trgng giiip cde em
nhanh chong tidn bd, trudng thanh. Dd edn
la dieu kien quydt dinh kdt qua ren luyen
cua mdi ea nhdn. Trudc hdt phdi hinh thanh
cho cdc em ddng co phan ddu, ren luyen
diing ddn, Iam cho mdi ngudi cd y thuc Iam
chu, ham hgc hdi, cau tien bg, vuon Ien ty
khang dinh minh. Can tao mgi didu kidn
thudn lgi dd eac em phdn ddu, ren luyen;
ddng thdi phai thudng xuyen theo ddi, kilm
tra, danh gia kit qua, dinh hudng phan ddu.
Quan tam dap iing nhung nhu cau chinh
dang eua eac em ve vat ehdt, tinh than; giao
nhiem vu phu hgp vdi sd trudng, nang
khieu dac didm tam, sinh Iy dk cac em rdn

luyen dao due, ldi sdng. Cac em phdi xde
djnh ro traeh nhiem trudc Td qudc va lihdn
ddn, song cd ly tudng, cd hoai bao, khat
khao vuan tdi cai mdi, cai tidn bd. Bdn than
phai ty giac ren luyen, bidt ty kiem che, bidt
vugt qua nhitng cam dd va tieu eye xa hdi,
nhitng bieu hidn ciia chu nghTa ca nhdn, ich
ky, thuc dyng, lgi minh hai ngudi. Cdn phai
tu tin vao chinh minh, giii vflng niem tin

trong cudc sdng, vao cac gia tri chdn, thien,
my; vugt qua mgi khd khdn gian khd nhu
Bac Hd da day; gian nan ren luyen mdi
thanh edng. Tbyc hien tdt mgt sd gidi phap
giao dye ren luyen dao dde each mang
trong thdi ky cdng nghidp hda, hien dai hda
hdi nhdp kinh te quoc tl la gdp phdn
dao tao, giao due chu nhdn tuong lai dua
nudc nha viing budc tidn cimg cac dan tdc
tidn tien.
Ndm Id, da den Iiic can phdi ddi mdi
hoan toan each thdc ma Idu nay ehiing ta da
dung dd gido due dao due hgc sinh. Ban
thdn giao dye da mang tinh xa hdi hda, Nha
nude edn tao didu kien dd toan dan tham gia
vao cdng tac giao due. Didu quan trgng la
cdn cd mdt mdi trudng xa hdi lanh manh,
mgi ngudi sdng tudn thu phap ludt va tdn
trgng nhirng gia tri dao ddc xa hdi. Mdt mdi
trucmg xa hgi tdt se tdc ddng vao nhan thdc

eda cac em eung phai tuan thu nhiing
nguyen tdc dng xu da duge hgc trong nha
trudng ma ca xa hdi dang dp dyng. Vide
khd khdn nhdt trong euge ddi cua mdi
ngudi la nudi day mgt dda tre trudng thanh
[17]. Hanh trinh trudng thdnh ciia mdt dda
tre, vdi bilt bao nhung bidn chuyin tam Iy
va rdi loan tdm ly, can cd su ddng hanh, tdn
trgng va chia se tu phia ngudi ldn, tii phia
xa hdi, dk cac em sdng diing vd sdng dep
vdi Ida tudi ciia minh.

4. Ket luan
Hgc sinh cdn y thde dugc su cdn thilt ciia
viec trau ddi cae kiln thuc tdm ly hgc va
cac kiln thuc xa hdi khac dd hilu dugc tdm
ly eua ban than va tu nhan ra vdn dd kho
khdn cua minh. Hgc sinh nen chudn bi tam
109


Khoa hgc xa hoi Viet Nam. sd9-2019
the trudc mgi hoan canh, sdn sang ddn nhdn
thu thdch, khd khan trong cugc sdng, hgc
tap va nd lyc tim each khac phue chiing.
Cde nhd quan ly edn Idm tdt cdng tac tuyen
truyen cho hgc sinh, phu huynh va nhirng
ngudi lam cdng tdc giao due nhdn thde
dugc tinh cap thidt cdng tde hd trg tam Iy
hgc dudng, ma cdng tae tham vdn hgc

dudng la boat ddng can thiet trong bdt cu
mdt nha trudng phd thdng nao tao ndn chdt
lugng cudc sdng hgc sinh va dam bdo giao
due toan dien cho hoc sinh.

Tai
[1]
[2]

[3]
[4]

[5]

[6]

110

[71 Ddng Bich Thu^ (2018), "M^t s5 tilp c&n l^
thuyet nghien cihi bao I\rc hgc dudng trong
hgc sinh". Tap chi Nghiin cuu Gia dinh vd
Gidi, so 5.
[8] Nguyin Thj Nhu Trang (2016), "Bao lyc hgc
duemg vd mo hinh can thifip trong trucmg hgc".
Tap chi Tdm ly hgc, so 6.
[9] Pham Vdn Tu (2016), Tdm ly' hgc xd hgi, Nxb
Dai hgc Su ph?im Ha Ngi, Hd N^i.
[10] />[11] 8436.info
lieu tham khao
[12] />Anh Hoa (2019), Thdu hiiu tdm ly hgc dudng, [13] Dan tri. Ha N^i.

voi-tu-van-tam-ly-hoc-duong-tintuc428114
D6 Nggc Khanh (2018), "Bilu hien trdm cdm [14] hgc sinh trung hgc ph6 thong", Tap chi
tap-trung-trong-hoc-tap-28102012-a3051.html
Tdm ly hgc, so 5.
[15] Thj Oanh (2003), Tu vdn tdm ly hgc
va-giai-phap-khac-phuc/
dudng, Nxb Tre, Tp. Hi Chi Minh.
[16] Due Son (Chu bien) (2016), Gido
vien/thieu-ky-nang-song-de-khien-gioi-tretrinh tdm ly hgc gido due, Nxb Dai hgc Su
song-lech-lac-670872.tpo
pham Hd NOi, Hd NOi.
[17] V3n San (Chu bien) (2017), Ky ndng
dong-chung-roi-loan-tam-ly-hoc-duong.aspx
phdng chdng bgo luc hgc dudng, Nxb Dai [ 18] Su pham Thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh, Tp.
trang-hoc-sinh-tram-cam-tu-tuH6 Chi Minh.
20181121173011753.htm
Trdn Thj L? Thu, Trdn Thanh Nam, Nguyin [19] Phugng (2019), Cdm nang tdm ly
vi-bao-luc-hoc-duong-qua-khao-sat-y-kienhoc dudng, Nxb Vdn hod - Vdn ngh$, Tp. H6
hoc-sinh-mot-so-truong-pho-thong-tai-tp-hoChi Minh.
chi-minh