Hiện tượng đua xe trái phép dưới góc nhìn tâm lý học đám đông

Hien tirong dua xe trai phep
diroi goe nhin cua tam ly hoc dam dong
Nguyin Thi Bich Hang'
Tom tit: Dua xe trai phep la mot hien tupng dac biet; da va dang dien ra tai cac
thanh pho Itiii d nudc ta; cho den nay luon Iam dau dau cac nha chtic trach, cac bac
phv huynh va cgng dong xa hpi, la mpt van nan chira cd giai phap kliac phyc h&u hieu,
Hien tirong dua xe trai phep can dugc Iy giai dudi goe dp cita tihteu khoa hpc khac
nhau, nhu kinh te hpc, chinh Irj hgc, Iuat hpc, van hoa hpc, xa hgi hpc, tam ly hpc...
Nhin dudi goe dg cua tam ly hgc dam dong, nguyen nhan cua hien tugng dua xe trai
phep la CO so dong ngudi co cimg sd thich dua xe, co s^ lay nhiem hay lay lan ciia sd
thich dua xe, c6 s\f am thi bdi cac ca nhan trong dam ddng dua xe. De khac phyc van
n^n nay can xii ly ngan ch5n ngay tir kht hinh thanh dam dong dua xe trai phep; cSn
t9o san chcri lanh manh cho gidi tre tham gia vao cac cupe dua xe va cac cupe dua
khac CO to chtic quy cit, lanh manh; can bo sung cac digu luat theo hudng quy djnh
chat ch6 hem, nghiem minh hem, dam bao tinh chat ran de cao hon doi vdi hanh vi dua
xe trai phep; can khai thac phat huy diem tich cyc ciia tam ly dam ddng, phat huy lofii
hinh phong trao tap the trong gidi tre.
Tir khoa: Tam ly hpc; tam ly dam dong; dua xe trai phep.
1. Md dau
Trong nhOmg nam vira qua, cac phuong
ti?n truyen thong dai chimg d Viet Nam
Ihudng xuyen phan anh hien tuong hang
trSm thanh thieu nien tu tap thanh timg
doan tren mpt so tuyen dudng d cac thanh
pho Idn, cac khu do thi, vao nhimg ngay
cudi tuan hoac cac ngay Ie ldn de dua xe
trai phep. Cac doi tuptng nay dupc gpi la
cac "quai xe", "anh himg xa Ip" hoac "bao
dem". Hp la het, lang lach, danh vdng, chay
vai toc dp cao, gay r6i trat tu cdng cpng,
gay nguy hiem cho ban than, gay ra nhigu

tai nan cho ngudi di dudng. Ngoai nhimg
thanh thieu nien true tilp tham gia dua xe
trai phep, con cd mpt s5 Iugng rdt ldn ngudi
ben ngoai. ma phSn Idn cuno la thanh thiiu
^ uiann inteu

nien, dung hai ben dudng ho la, c6 vii,
khich Ie nhtmg ngudi dua xe. Nhiing tieng
^eo hd c6 vu dd da lam lang sir ph§n khfch,
sy: cuong loan cua nhimg ngudi dua xe, bdi
^hSp nguy hiem dhn tinh mang cua minh vk
nhirng ngudi di dudng. Dua xe trai ph^p 1^
^ ^ "^n cua xa hpi. Tuy cac ca quan chitc
" ^ S ^^ thuc hien nhi6u giM ph^p ng5n
ch5n song vkn nan nay van khdng suy giam
"^^ cd chi6u hudng gia iSng. Hi$n tuptig
^^^ xe tr^i phep ckn dugc nhin nhan dudi
goe dp cua n h i k mon khoa hpc xa hpi
(t^inh tg hpc, chinh trj hpc, tuat hpc, vSn h6a
hpc, xa hpi hpc, tam ly hpc...). Bai vifit nay
phan tich hien tugng dua xe trai phep dudi
Z—,
J ^ - ^ 5 "^"^^^ ^ ' ^"^ "^ ™'- ^"^^ 0912136548.
Email- hang,


Nguyin Thi Bich Hang
goe do ciia tam ly hgc dam dong voi mong
chong roi vag mgt tinh h-ang rit gi6ng tinh
muon gop them vao nhihig goe nhin da trang bj thoi mien is trong tay nguoi thoi

chicu de CO nhiing giai phap ngiin chan mien. Mgi tinh ctai va tu- tuong cua anh ta
phong ngita hihi hicu.
deu bj nha thoi mien hitting theo mgt chiSu
2. Tam ly dam dong
nhat djnh. Ttai ly dtai dong dugc hinh
Tam ly hijc dam dong la mgt chuyen thtah dutii ap luc cua so dong; co tinh lay
nganh ciia tam ly hgc xa hgi, nghien cim vS lan hay lay nhilm trong dam dong; co tinh
tam ly va hanh xit ciia mot ngutii binh de bj goi y hay tinh dl bi iim thi ctia ca
thudng trong nhimg hoat dgng mang tinh nhta trong dtim dong. Mgt trong nhiing
chat tap thJ. Tam ly dam dgng (crcwd diem dl nhta Ihiy ti dam dong la tinh b6c
psychology) con dugc ggi la tam ly bjy dan dong, tinh de thay dSi va dl bi kich dgng.
(herd mentality) hay tam ly nhgm (group Le Bon cho ring, dtim dong hiu nhu bi vo
psychology) v.v.. Tam ly hgc diim dong lin thitc dan dit; ca nhta khi dimg rieng thi co
dau tien duoc nghien cim boi G. Le Bon khli ntag Itai chii nhihig phta xa ciia minli,
(ni.a tam ly hgc xa hgi Phtip) vtii tac phjm nhung khi ti trong dtai dong se khong co
Tdm ly hgc ddm ddng (1895), W.Trotter dugc nhimg phto xa do. Le Bon vilt: "Ca
(nha tam ly hgc ngucri Anh) vtii lac phim nhta don dgc ctai thiy rg ting anh ta khong
Ban ndng bdy ddn Irong Ihdi binh vg thai the mgt minh dSt chay dugc Iau dai, cutip phii
chiin (1905), Mc. Dougall (nhii tam ly hgc cira htag, va niu anh ta djnh lam viec dti, thi
nguoi My) vtii tac phiim Tdm tri nhdm anh ta se dl dtag cuong lai dugc y dl cua
(1920) va S.Freud (nha Phan tam hgc nguoi minh. Nhung khi la bg phta ciia diim dong,
Ao) vtii ttic phim Tdm ly ddm ddng vdphdn anh ta cti y thitc vl quyin lire mil so dong dem
lich cdi tdi (1922). Do la nhihig tac phim lai cho mmh, va chi cin ggi y cho anh ta y
kinh dien vi linh vuc tam ly dam dong. Sau nrting ve sir gilt ngutri va cutip phiS la anli ta
nay co tat nhidu nghien cim khdc ve tam ly lap titc nga theo y dl iy" [I, tr.59 - 60].
dam dong trong hoat dgng tai chinh, thuong
Mgt trong nhtmg tinh each chung ciia
mai, quang cao marketing, thi tnrcmg bugn dtai dong la tinh dl bj ggi y. Sir ggi y lan
ban, thj ttirong chiing khoan v.v..
toa riit nhanh nhu mot sir lay nhilm trong

ditai dong, nii dua tinh etan va tu duy cua
Diem n6i bat ciia dtim dong la dii m6i ca
diim dong theo mot chilu huting nhit dinh.
nhan co dac diJm, doi s6ng nghS nghiep, ca
Mgt got y dugc dua ra, qua sir lay nhiem,
tinh, tri tue khac nhau, thi khi tap hgp lai
no ap dat vta bg nao cua tit cii ciSc ca nhta'
thanh dtim dong. hg vln co chung mgt tam trong diirn dong va ngay lap titc djnh huting
hon tap the. Tam hen tap thi lam eho hg dugc thiet lap theo goi y viJ biln dli thtah
suy nghi va hanh dong theo mot ctich hota htoh dgng cua chung dtai dgng. Diim dong
tota khac vtii each ma timg cti nhta rieng le de tuta theo su ggi y, nhimg hinh tah duoc
van suy nghT va htah dgng. N6u ca nhan bj ggi len u-ong ttai tri thi dugc dtai dong coi
chim dim trong mgt dtim dong thi se nhanh la hota tota dling din. Ca nhta khong con

49


Tap chi Kiioa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, so 6( 103) - 2016
suy xel gi, hp hoan loan tin vao sir ggi y
mpt each nhe da va mii quang.
Theo Freud, cac ca nhan trong dam
ddng deu hanh dpng tir vd thdc; cd ciing
sd thich, cd ciing mdt su dam me; trong
dam ddng mdi ca nhan luon chap nhan va
hap thu nhijng tac dpng cita ca nhan khac
anh hudng tdi minh. ddng thdi ciing lac
dpng ngugc lai anh hudng ldi ca nhan
khac [6, tr.l34]. Phan tich ciia Freud
tucmg tu nhu quan niem cua ngudi Viet
Nam chung ta trong ngan ngiJ "ddng

Ihanh tuong img, dong khi tuong cau".
Ngan ngir nay cd the dugc hieu la: nliirng
vat cd citng tieng thi cimg dap Iai vdi
nhau, ngudi hay vat cd ciing ban chat thi
ung hiep nhau; nhijng vat cd cimg khi
chat Ihi tiin den nhau, nhirng ngudi cd y
chi, sd thich giong nhau thi lim den k^t
hgp nhau.
3. Nguyen nhiin ciia hien tuong dua xe
tr:ii phep
Cai gi la nguyen nhan hay dpng luc lao
nen hien lugng dua xe trai phep? Cai gi la
dpng luc Idi keo s6 dong ngudi tre tu6i
Iham gia dua xe trai phep va so dong ngudi
khiic dung reo ho cd vij? Nguyen nhan hinh
thanh dam dong dugc xac dinh la do lara Iy
dam dong ((am Iy nay dugc hinh thanh dudi
lip Iuc cLia so dong; co tinh lay lan hay lay
nliiem trong dam dong; co tinh de hi ggi y
ha) linh d5 bi am thi ciia ca nhan trong dam
dong). Dam dong dua xe trat phep cung la
mgt dam dong nen ciing c6 lam Iy dam
dong nhu v^y. Su hinh thanh dam dong dua
xc irai phep dudi goe dp ciia tam ly hoc
dam dong co ba ngu>en nhan chinh sau.

Thu nhdt, cd sd ddng ngudi co cimg sd
thich dua xe. Neu chi vdi vai ngudi cd cung
sd thich dua xe (mudn c6 cam giac manh,
cam giac say too do cao, cam giac "ieng

hiing" cua dua xe) gap nhau thi khong tao
ra dugc nlidm dua xe. Nhung khi cd them
ngudi cd citng sd Ihich dua xe Ihl dp phAn
khich cang gia tang va den mpt liic nao do,
khi cd su khdi xudng, thi hien tugng dua xe
se bpt phat khdi dpng. Gang cd them nguoi
tham gia dua xe, sir phan khich cang cuong
nliiet, luc do mpi hanh dong, mpi suy nghi
ciia ca nhan deu hda vao hanh dpng chung
cua dam ddng dua xe. Hg cay cd so dong
nliieu ngudi tham gia dua xe ma Ihay minh
cd sire manh dudng nhu la vo djch, khong
con sg canli sat giao thdng, khong con so
tdi nguy hiem li'nh mang cho ban than va
cho ngudi di dudng. Ho tha Idng cho ban
nang cua minh. Cac hanli ddng la het, rti ga,
boc cao dau xe, nam ra xe, Iai xe bang chan,
lang lach, danh vong... deu la nhirng hanh
dpng xudt phal tir tam ly dam dong. N6u
mdi ngudi dung rieng mot minh thi se
khong the cd cac hanh dgng nhu vay (du hp
cd nghT ldi cac hanh ddng do thi hp cung s5
kim nen dugc). Nhu vay sd lugng ngudi
cua dam dong cang gia tang thi cang khich
le ca nhan hoa vao dam dong vk cang giam
di su kim nen ciia ca nhan. Freud viSt: "Cac
ca nhan cang it co xu hudng kim nen
chiing, nhu dam ddng la vd danh, k6o
Iheo la vd trach nhiem. Y thtic vh trdch
nhiem, dieu ludn ngan giii: nhiing ca

nhan, da biln mk hoan loan khi hp hoa
vao Irong dam dong" [6, tr. 117].
Thii hai, cd sir lay nhilm hay lay lan cUa
sd thich dua xe. iVIdi ca nhan Irong d^m


Nguyen Thj Bich Hang
dong nhin nhau va bit chutic nhau htaih xe t t a ngucri di duong Hg ching con sg
dgng. Ho dl dtag quen di chinh minh ma hai neu den lugt minh gap nan nhu vav.
chi nghr ve dtai dong va sin stag hy sinh
TItu bg. CO sir tal thj bcri cac ca nhiin
quyen lgi rieng ehg quyin Itji dtai dong.
trong diim dong dua xe. Cac ca nhta uong
Do la diem triii ngugc vtii bta tinh ciS nhta
dtoi dong dua xe co nhung ntit ca tinh dac
ma con nguoi hiu nhu chi co thl Itai dugc
biet, nhiieu khi mta thuan hin \-6i ca tinh
khi no la mgt bg phta ciia diim dong. Freud
binh thudng ciia hg (khi hg sing rieng le
i-iet: -Hg khong y thitc dugc viec liim cita
mot minh). Do la do ho bj tim thj boi nhung
hg ntta. Hg cung nhu nguoi bj thdi mien
ngucri trong dtai dong dua xc. Su iim thi co
(hypnoses), mgt viij ntag lire bj tieu hiiy
the dua miit ngucri vta uang thai quen hin
trong khi mgt vai ntag luc khac co thl bj
>' thitc nhta tinh. hg i-tag theg mgi Ciich sai
phta khich din tgt dg. Anh hucmg thoi
bta cita ngutri tai thj hay ngutri thoi mien
mien co the thuc diy hg hiing h i dtai diu

va Itai nliimg \ iec trai hin \ tii linh Ciich va
lam mgt so viec. Diim dgng cgn hiing hi
thoi quen cua ho. Dilu nay nhu Freud vilt:
lao minh Viio manh hon truong hgp nguoi
"Ca nhta chim vta mgt dtai dong hilu
bl thtii mien" [6, tr.l 14]. Trong diim dong
dgng, chtag bao lau su htag say cua dtai
dua xe triii phep, so thich dua xc lay lan, lay
dong se ngim viio hg \-ii cgn nhilu ly dg
nhiem nhanh chong lan toa tir ngutii nay
.khac ntta, hg bj loi cuon vta mgt trang thiii
den ngucti khiie, tit nhimg ngutri tham gia
dac biet rat gin \ in trang thai me hoac bj
dua xe ttii nhirng nguoi xem dua xe, rli tit
thoi mien chtag khta niio bj thoi mien that.
ca bj loi cuon vta dtai dong dua xe, tit do
Dot song ttan tri ciia ngucri bj thoi mien da
so lugng ngutri tham gia moi liic mgt gia
te liet hta. hg u-d thtah no le mgi hoat dgng
ttag. Thgng thucmg, liic diu nhttng nguoi
tiem thiic do ong thay thoi mien dilu khiln
den tham gia dua xe la chua nhilu, nhung
theo y muon ciia ong thiy. Nhta tinh y thtic
sau do, so lugng gia tang ttii htag chuc.
bi lieu hiiy, >' ihiic va sir phto biet phai triii
thara chi htag tram, htog nghin. Do la do
ciing bj tieu hiiy theo. Tinh ctai \-a y luting
sti thich dua xe da lay lan, lily nhiera nhau.
bj huiing ve mgt chilu djnh doat boi ong
Hta nhu nhirng nguoi tham gia khong hi

thay thoi mien" [6, tr 114]. Trong diim dong
quen biet nhau, nhtmg hg dl dtag tro nen
dua xe. moi nguoi suy nghi hota toto tuta
thta thiet vtii nhau. Trong ditai dong dua
theo su chi huy, dan dit ctia ngutri thoi
xe, nguoi ta bat chudc nhau timg lcri noi, cu
mien; ho lao vta tham gia dua xe mgt ctah
chi, htah dgng, hp khong con y thiic dugc
dien cuong \-a me mugi. Sir ggi y tit "ong
cac htah dgng ciia rieng minh nua, hg bj
thay thoi mien" lan toa nhanh chong trong
ihoi mien lan nhau. Hg phin khich den tgt
diira dong dua xe. No huiing tinh Ciim, tu
dg khi hg cuing dien la het, ni ga, lang
duy ciia mgi nguoi trong dam dong vta rapt
lach... Hg de mac nhung nguoi trong diim
diem chung nhit, cuin hut hp vta vong
dong dua xe gap nan nhu dtai diu vta cgt
xoiiy ciia con lie phin khich. Tinh thin cua
dien, htic nhau do xe giua duong hoac tone
cac ca nhta tham gia Uong dtai dong dua

51


" ~^^^
Tapchi Khoa hoc xahoi VJelNam. so 6(103) - 2016
xe luon d trong trang thai san sang dgi lenh.
Mpt sir ggi y dugc dua ra tir ngudi cam dau
dam dua xe hay mol idi gao thet hd la ciia

ngudi ben canh se tac ddng ngay den cac ca
nhan trong dam ddng dua xe; ggi y do bien
tiianh hanh dpng chung cua dara dong dua
xe. TiJ ggi y do, hang chuc va hang tram
ngudi CO the dua xe ao at nhu con ioc, hd la,
lao xe nhu dien dai tren dudng phd, bat chap
mpi hau qua co llie xay ra. Khi do (nhu Le
Don va Freud da noi), du dot chay mpt Ida
lau dai hay ihuc hien nhimg hanh dpng dien
cuong kliac (nhu cudp pha cua hang, dap
pha dot xe d id), dara ddng cung san sang
l;im mgl each dc dang, hp tin tudng hoan
loan vao su gai y rapt each mil quang.
Trong dam dong dua xe thudng co ca
nliihig cd gai, luc binh thudng nhung cd gai
nay khong cd nhung hanli dpng dien cu6ng
nlur vay. Hp cting la hel, nhm rap sau xe,
ganh dua cac lu the khd, nguy higm cimg vdi
nhirng cap doi Ircn xe khac va ph6i hgp vdi
ban trai an chan chdng xu6ng mat dudng gay
loc lira, lao ra sir phdn khich chung cho ca
doan dua. Trong dam dong dua xe con co rSt
nhicu ihieu nien ia hpc sinh plid thong. Su
phan khich lieu ITnh ciia nliung thiSu nien nay
iihicti klii cdn hon ca cac bac dan anli trong
doiin Nhu vay, mpi ca nhan irong dam dong
dua \c dii la nara hay nif, la thanh nien hay
ihieu nien. la ngirdi cd hpc hanli hay khdtig
hoc. hoan loan kliong cdn ly tri khi tliam gta
Mio dain dong dua xe. Hp chi la nhimg ngudi

nu\ \6 Iri vo giiic, chiu su dn niil diC*u khi^n
cua kc ciini diiu hay bftt chudc hanh ddng dicn
cuong Chung cita ca dam ddng dua xe. Dung
Iihu Lc Bon da ^ i^t: --Kl^i con ngudi nOm trone

dam ddng, ke ngu ddt va nha bac hgc dk
khdng cd kha nang nhan xet" [5, tr.64].
Trong dam dong dua xe, chung ta thdy, cac
ca nhan trong dam dong dau la nhung ngudi
cd cimg sd thich say me cam giac manh,
say me cam giac cita toc dp cao tren xe, say
me nhirng hanh ddng mang tinh chat "ieng
hiing", say me nhijng hanh dong dk cho
ngudi khac phai ne phuc... Su say rae nay
the hien d cac niiic do khac nhau, hoac la
Ihich dugc xem, dugc hd la co vu, cao hon
niJa la thich dugc tham du vao dua xe. Vi
vay, khi nghe tin cd cugc dua xe Ihi hp hao
hire va thong bao cho nhau cung den du. Do
do, s6 Iugng nh&ng ngudi ham thich dua xe
mdi iuc mgl gia tang, lyc lugng tham gia
dua xe moi Iiic mpt Idn manh, su phdn
khich cua dam ddng cang tang cao. Khi
nhirng ngudi ciing ham thich dua xe d6n vdi
nhau, hp ho hdi vui mimg, hg nhin nhau
xem ai "mode" ban, "ieng hting" ban dl bdt
chudc. The rdi, hg cudn htit nhau vao can
Ioc dua xe, hp ho reo, la bet, lang lach, danh
vong bat ch3p mgi nguy higm. Sir phdn
khich ciia dam ddng dua xe cang gia l5ng

khi cd tieng reo hd co vii ciia dam nguoi
dimg xem hai ben dudng. Su co vu do cang
khich Ie nliung ngudi dua xe ganh dua nhau
ban, thuc hien nhirng tu the kho hon, nhirng
dgng lac klid hem, nguy hiim hem tren xe.
Hg cho riing, cang cd nhigu ddng lac kh6
ban, nguy hi6m ban, tham chi ke can giap
gianh vdi tai nan thi minh cang anh hiing
hon va cang dugc nguang mo han. Thh la,
hp Iao nhu con thieu than, hp khdng con
la chtnh hp nira. Freud vigt: "Dam dong
de xdch dpng va dl khich dpng, khong y


Nguygn Thj Bich HJng
thitc duoc minh ma cung khong bilt tu
trgng, khong cti tinh thin trtah nhiera vi
cam thiy minh mianh raa diim lam dit mgi
vtec xau xa, nhirng viec iy chi nguoi co
quyen htah tuyet dli va vo trtah nhiera
moi dara lam. Diira dong cung xit su nhu
dita tre mit day hay nguoi mgi rg me
mugi khong ai canh chimg va lot vag mgt
noi xa la hin vtii hg. Trong nhung trucmg
hgp tram trgng hon, dara dong xir sir nhu
mpt dan thu rirng chit khong phai lit mgt
doan nguoi nua" [6, tr.l3I].
Khi hoa vta diira dong dua xe, ragi cii
nhto eg nhung hanh dgng nhu nhung con
thil trong mpt dan thu va ca dam dong

trong nhu mgt dan thii 6 hgp chay tren
duimg. Diim dong la het, ru ga dien loan,
net p6, an chan ching gay toe lita, lang
lach danh vong. Hg phin khich khi thiy
nguoi hai ben ducmg ho reo c6 vu tta
thirdng hp. Hp phin khich sung sudng khi
thay nhimg ngudi gia, nhimg ngudi phu nil,
nhung tre em chay xe tren dudng giat rainh
sg hai, vi tieng gam ni ghe rgn ma nga quay
ra dudng bj tai nan. Hg ctag phin khich va
khong he run sg, khgng hi dirng lji, khi
thay ban dua xe dtoi diu vta cdt dien vd
sg, que chto. Khi gSp ciinh sat ch5n doan
xe, hg sSn sang lao xe canh sat nhu con
thieu than ma ching hi sg hai. Hanh
dgng nhu vay cua dam ddng dua xe lam
nao loan biu trdi dem trong lanh, diing
la htah dpng cua mpt bay thti dien loan.
4. Giai phiSp nhjm giam thilu van nan
dua xe trai phep
De cd nhttng giai phiip giiim thilu vin
nan dua xe trai phtip, ngoai nhung giai phiip
kinh te, chinh trj, phap luat, vta hda, nhto

thitc, cto cd nhung giiii phap rieng mang
tinh dac thii cua ttat ly hgc dtai dong. Tit
gdc dg ciia ttai ly hgc diim ddng eg the neu
mpt sl giai phap nhu sau:

Mot lg, xit ly ngta chta ngay tu khi hinh

thiinh dtan ddng dua xe triii phep. Cgng
dgng, gia dinh, nha trudng, dta biet la co
quan quta ly trat tu xa hgi, cin ngto chta
ngay tir khi miH cd diu hicu tap trung va
khdi phiit dua xe. Nhung ngay nghi cuoi
tuto, nhung ngiiy ll ldn, nhung ngiiy cd cta
trta bdng dii hap din, nhung dem hgi d Ciie
do thl Itin, nhimg liic trudc, trong va sau
Ciic cupe vui; dd la nhttng thdi dilm thanli
thieu nien cd dilu kien tap trung dong due.
Khi tap trung ddng nhu vay, trong dtai
ddng de xuit hien nhirng sir ggi y, nhung
thiieh do, nhttng xiii biy, nhung kich dgng
ve mgt cugc dua xe tdc do eao de tranli tai,
thit site vdi nhung giiii thudng ldn. Liic nay
CO quta quta ly trat tu xa hgi (cu the la
cgng an, dgi an ninh trat tu, dgi thanh nien
tu quta Ciic cip) cin cd bien phap ngta
chta ngay bing nhung thgng bta phiit tren
loa dai hoac true tilp tai nhimg noi tap
trung chuin bj khdi phat dua xe. Cac thdng
bag tap trung vta keu gpi, giai thich, vta
dgng, phta tt'ch su nguy hilm cita dua xe.
Nhttng thgng bta nay cdn ggp phin vta han
che va^ngta chta sir ddng tinh, su lay lan
lay nhilm va tinh dl bj ggj y hay linh dl bj
tal thj ciia ca nhta trong dam dong dang
chuta bj tham gia hoac co vD dua xe trai
phijp. Cta true tilp ngto chto bing viec
tam giu nlittng ke cim diu, nhttng ke di xui

giuc, vto ddng, kich ddng mpi ngudi thara
gia dua xe. Nhttng ke niiy chinh la ngdi nl
ciia rapt cugc dua xe. Khi khdng cdn ngdi


Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, so 6( 103) - 2016
n6 nira. cudc dua xe trai phep se khd khdi
phat. D6ng thdi can khan iruong giai tan
dara ddng dua xe va dam ddng co vii dua
xe, ke ca nhimg nhom ngudi hieu ky dung
xera dua xe. Kiem soal nhung con dudng se
dua xe bang ngan rao can dudng, cam cac
phuang lien giao thong luu hanh...
Hai Id, tao san chai Ianh manh cho gidi
tre tham gia vao cac cuoc dua xe va cac
cuoc dua khac co to chirc quy cii, lanh
tnanh. Nhirng mon the thao cam giac manh
nhu dua xe d td cdng ihirc 1, cong Ihirc 2,
dua xe md to tdc dp cao, dua md Id dia
hinh... ctia nudc ngoai tren cac phucmg lien
thong tin dai chiing, luon la dieu hap dan
cuon hlil phan ldn gidi tre Viel Nara.
Nhijng nudc lang gieng nhu Thailand,
Malaysia... deu co nhung cupe dua the thao
nhu vay. The nhtmg d Viet Nam, sau 30
nam doi mdi hpi nhap va !a mot nudc cd s6
lugng 1110 to dimg hang ddu ihg gidi, van
chua he co mot dang thg thao nao lumig itr
tihu thg. Dua xe trai phep la khdng t6l.
Nhung dua xe cd l6 chtic la mot dang thg

Ihao cam giac manh nhu bdt ky cudc dua xe
mo lo nao tren the gidi. Trong khi nhthig
cupe dua xe d nudc ngoai ngay cang Idi
cuon gidi tre, nhimg lai khdng cd to chirc
dua xe bai ban cho gidt tre thi \iec dua xe
trai phep dg xay ra Viec t6 chirc cac cugc
dua mo to nhu la mpt mon ihg thao cita
quoc gia la ckn ihik. D6I vdi raon thg thao
na>. khong nhdt thigt Nha nudc phai dirng
ra 16 chirc. ma co thg xa hoi hoa. Can danh
uhCmg khu \-uc rigng, cd ihg la lau dai hoac
tam thdi dinh ky, cho nhtrng dudng dua xe
I'll cac dia phuong. Nen td chuc cac giai
dua .ve cap tinh. cdp vung \a cdp qu6c gia

nhu cac mdn the thao khac. 6 nhieu dia
phucmg phia Nam da cd kinh nghiem lk
chuc cac cudc dua Iruyen thdng khdng kem
phan hap din nhu dua bd d An Giang, dua
ghe ngo d Sdc Trang. Dd la nhihig bai hoc
quy khi td chuc cac cugc dua xe.
Ba Id, can bd stmg cac dieu luat Iheo
hutfmg quy dinh chat che hon, nghiem minh
ban, dam bao tinli chat ran de cao hon d6i
vdi vdi hanh vi dua xe trai phep. Bp lual
Hinh sir nam 1999, Irong do cd xir ly hanh
vi dua xe trai phep, ban hanh trong thdi
gian da Iau, qua xa vdi thuc lien xa hpi hien
nay. Vdi viec xir Iy van nan dua xe trai
phep thi bp Iuat dd cdn ton lai nliteu vutimg

mac. Cu Ihg la, miic phal tien cho ngudi
pham tpi dua xe trai phep cdn rdt thdp,
khdng mang linh ran de cao; trong quy dinh
vg lich thu xe dua trai phep, chi tich thu xe
cita chinh chu la ngudi dua xe, con xe
khong phai la cua ngudi dua xe thi lai
khong lich thu; cdn cd sir nham lan do
klidng CO ranh gidi giua tpi gay rdi trai ty
cong cpng vdi tdi dua xe trai phep v.v.. Do
bat cap nhu vay, can thigt phai bo sung mpt
s6 digm trong bd iuat Hinh sir vg hanh vi
dua xe trai phep. Can bd sung them tinh ti6t
tang nang hinh phat vdi nhung Irudng hpp
dua xe d khu dong dan cu va doi tugng dua
xe sir dung bia rugu hoSc chdt kich thich
tihu ma tliy, ma ttiy da. Cdn b6 sung quy
dinh ve lich Ihu ldt ca cac phuang lien xe
dua ciia ngudi Iham gia dua xe trai phep,
khdng phan biet chinh chd hay khong chinh
chu. Can lang them thdi gian phat tii d6i vdi
cac ddi tugng gay ra tai nan true tigp va cac
Irudng hgp lai pham nhigu ldn.


Nguyin Thi Bich HJng
Bon Id, khai thta phat huy dilm tich cue
cua tam ly diira ddng, phiit huy lgai hinh
phong trta tap thl trong gidi Ue. Ttai ly
dam dong la mgt hicn tugng tam ly khtah
quan, nd vua cd mat tieu cue vita cd mat

tich cue. Hieu theo nghta rdng thi cta
phong trao quin chtog, cta phong triio ciia
thanh thieu nien, eta cugc van ddng hien
nay diu la tap hgp ciia diim ddng, song
nhttng hanh ddng cda diira ddng niiy lii tich
cite, cd td chirc. Trong cgng ddng, trong
nha trudng cin to chitc nhilu cta phong
trta thi dua tap thl ren luyen sire khde, cta
giai thl thao, cta mdn thi diu phong trao dl
cuon hiit thanh thilu nien ldi keo hg trtah
xa nhttng hip din cita cta trd choi, cac
game, ciic cugc dua xe Uai phep. Thuc chit
cta ca nhta diln hinh, cta ca nhan tich cue
trnng ciic phong trao nay la nhung ngudi
"khdi xudng", nhttng ngudi "diu dta" ctia
diim ddng. Theo ttai ly dtai ddng, cta cii
nhan trong diim dong phong trta se dl dtag
hudng theo nhttng Cii nhto diln hinh, tich
ctti; nay. Cac phong trta vto dpng thanh
thieu nien tham gia cta hoat dpng tap thl,
lich cue, lanh manh theo nhttng quy luat
ciia tam ly dtoi ddng se la mgt yiu tg quan
trgng de giiim thilu nhttng hanh vi tjeu cue
trong lli sdng ciia gidi tre ndi chung vii
nhimg htah vi tieu cue ndi rieng ciia vin
nan dua xe trai phep hien nay.
5. Ket Iuan
Dua xe trai phep la mgt vin nan trong
cong tta quta ly xa hpi d nudc ta. Hien
tugng dua xe triii phep cung nhu nhieu hien

tucmg xa hdi khac cta dugc ly giai dudi gdc
dg ttan ly hgc diim ddng. Viee xem xtit hien
tupng dua xe trai phep eho phep chi ra tota
dien hon cac nguyen nhta xuit hien hien
tuong nay, tir dd cd cac giai phiip toto dien
hon trong viec giai quyit vin nan dd, thtai
chi ed the lam cho nd thay dli tinh chit tit
tieu cue trd thtah tich cue.

Tai lieu thara khao
[I] Luu Phong Ding (1994), Triit hgc
phuang Tdy hien dgi, 1.4, Nxb Chinh Hi
qudc gia. Ha Noi
PJ Nguyin Thj Bich HSng (2015), Ldi song
tiiiu eiic ciia mot bd phdn gtdi Ire Viit
Nam hiin nay dudi ldng kinh hgc Ihuyit
hdnh vi con ngirdi cua Freud. Luan iin liln
sT Triet hec Hoc vien Chinh tri quic gia
Ha Chi Minh.
[3] Vii Dinh Luu (1969), Phdn Idm hgc dp
dung vdo viic nghiin cini cdc ngdnh hoc
vdn, Nxb T6 hgp Gid, Sai Gon.
[4] Pham Hing Tung (2011), Thanh niin vd
lot sdng ctia thanh niin Viet Nam trong
qud trinh ddi mdi vd hdi nhdp qugc le,
Nxb Chinh tri quic gia. Ha Ngi.
[5] Gustave Le Bon (2006), Tdm ly hgc ddm
ddng, Nxb Tri thuc. Ha Noi.
[6] S.Freud (1969), Nghiin cuu phdn tdm hgc,

Nxb An Tiem, Sai Gon.
[7] S. Freud, (1995), Psychological writings
and letters. Continuum Press, New York.