Thử nghiệm đo lường trí tuệ cảm xúc tại nơi làm việc bằng thang genos trên mẫu giảng viên trẻ

THCJ NGHIEM DO LUONG
TRI TUE CAM XUC TAI NOI LAM VIEC
BANG THANG GENOS
TREN M A U G I A N G VIEN TRE
Bal viet la mot phan ket qua nghien ciru de tai cap co sd 2017: Bi/dc 6au thich nghi trac
nghiem tri tue cam xuc trong cong viec Genos; Vien Tam ly hoc chu tri; TS. fi6 Thj Le
Hang lam chij nhiem.
PGS.TS. Phan Thj Mai Huang
Trudng phong Phong Tdm ly hgc thuc nghiem, Vien Tdm ly hoc.
T O M TAT
Nghien ciru thir nghiem thich nghi ihang Genos nhdm chi ra nhuTig van de vd khd
nang do luang tri tue cdm xuc tai noi Idm '^iec bang thang do ndy. Mdu nghien ciru gom
126 gidng vien tre. Idm viec lai mot truang dgi hgc & Hd Ngi, 34,5% la nam, tuoi trung
binh la 27,1, thuc hien thang Genos gom 70 cau. Phan tich die lieu chi ra mot so menh de
khong dat yeu cdu can phdi loai bo Kit qua so sdnh mot so ddc diem tdm trdc cua bdn
chua thich nghi vd bdn da thich nghi cho thdy. bdn thich nghi idt hon va cd the ditng no
de do luong mot sd ky nang cdm xuc tai nai Idm viec Kit qua chi ra nhimg bdng chung
ve su can ihiet phdi thich nghi trdc nghiem nuoc ngodi trudc khi dua vdo su dung trong
nghien cini d Viet nam. Dong thai, tdc gid ciing chi ra han chi cua nghiin cim ndy ciing
nhu huang nghien ciru tiep theo ve thang do ndy.
Tin khoa: Tri tue cam xuc, Tri tue cdm xuc tgi nai lam viec; Gtdng vien tre;
Genos, Do luang
Ngay nhan bdi 4/3/2016; Ngdy duyel dang hdi • 25/5/2017
ABSTRACT
A pilot study adapting the GENOS scale was conducted to find out i.'isues and
possibility of using this scale to measure emotional intelligence al workplace. The sample
consisted of 126 young lecturers working al an university in Hanoi, 34 5% of those was
male, with average age is 27 The GENOS with 70 items was used. Data analy.sis found
some poor items of GENOS that should be removed Comparing unadopted and adapted
version of GENOS in some psychometric properties show that the adapted version is
better in measuring emotional skills at workplace Re.sulls show the need to adjust

joreign tests before u.se in Vietnam. Al the same time, some limitations of this study as
well as the direction of further research on this scale were discussed.
Keyword: Emotional mielligence; Emotional mtelligence at workplace; Young
lecturers, GENOS, Measure

TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, So' 6 (219), 6 - 2017


Mddau
Tri tue cam xiic dugc hilu la kha nang. nang luc, ky nang ciia con ngudi
trong \ iec nhan bilt, danh gia. quan ly va dieu chinh cam xuc ciia chinh ban than
moi ngudi, ciia ngudi khac. Vi the. no cd vai tro ro ret trong dilu chinh, dilu
khiln hanh vi ciia con ngudi mot each thich hgp vdi mdi trudng xa hoi xung
quanh, lam cho con ngudi hoat dgng hieu qua hon, sdng hanh phuc bon, quan ha
vdi ngudi khac tot hon.
Nai lam viec la noi ma con ngudi the hien ro nhat gia trj xa hoi eda minh
thong qua lao dgng. Noi lam viec eGng la noi ma con ngudi phat trien cac mdi quan
he ding nghiep, vdi cap tren, vdi cap dudi. Nhiau nghian cilu da cho thay, anh
hudng cua cam xiic dan lao dpng ciia con ngudi. Nhirng loai hinh cam xuc tieu cue
nhu buon chan, lo au, tdc gian, sg hai, ghet... lam giam cudng dp lam viae, tac dgng
xiu dan nang suat lao dgng cua con ngudi. Va ngugc lai, nhung cam xuc tich cue
nhu vui ve, hanh phuc, yeu thuang... cd tac dung thuc day con ngudi lam viec tit
hon. Goleman, mot nha bao, nha nghian cull ve tri tue cam xiic va img dung ciia no
chi ra rang: "Khi ban dang d nac thang diiu tien cua su nghiep, vdi tri tue cam xiic
trong cdng viec, ban cd the: Phat trian nhimg sd trudng von cd; Duy tri ban sac ca
nhan; Phat trian sire sang tao va dgng co hanh dpng; Giai quyet xung dot va tang
kha nang giao tiap va Hinh tlianh cac mdi lian minh trgng ylu" (Goleman, 2007, tr. 6).
Tri tue cam xuc tai noi lam viec tha hien ky nang ciia con ngudi trong viec
hieu, tha hien, quan ly. kiam soat, diau chinh cam xuc ciia minh. cua ngudi khac tai
noi lam viec nham hudng den muc dich lam cho mdi ngudi thoai mai hon tai noi

lam viec. thuc day moi ngudi lam viec tit hon.
Mo hinh tri tue cam xuc Genos Ian dau tian dugc TS. Benjamin Palmer va
OS. Con Stough d Trudng Dai hgc Swinburne, Melbourne, Australia de xuit vao
cuoi nhirng nam 1990. Mo hinh nay cd xu hudng col tri tue cam xuc la ky nang
hem la nang lire. Theo do, tri tue cam xiic Genos gom 7 ky nang cam xiic co ban:
ky nang nhan biet cam xuc ciia ban than, ky nang thi hien cam xiic, ky nang nhan
biat cam xuc ngudi khac, ky nang luan giai cam xiic, ky nang quan ly cam xuc
ngudi khac, ky nang quan ly cam xuc ciia ban than va ky nang kilm soat cam xuc
manh cua ban than. Theo cac tac gia, trac nghiem tri tue cam xiic d day khong ban
den tri luc cam xuc noi chung ma chi quan tam din nhung hanh vi bilu hien tri tue
cam xiic hieu qua nhit tai noi lam viec (Palmer va cong su, 2009).
^ Tri tue cam xiic \a do ludng no d Viet Nam hien nay dang dugc quan tam.
Nhieu nghien cim da dugc thuc hien va vin dl thang do ludng luon dl lai nhirng
ban khoan cho nha nghien ciru. Mot si trie nghiem/thang do tri tue cam xiic da
dugc su dung (Trin Thi Thu Mai, 2013; Phan Trgng Nam, 2007; Nguyin Thi Hien,
2009; Nguyen Hoi Loan, 2009; Doan Van Dilu, 2014;...), trong si do trie nghiem
Nang luc cam xuc Mayer, Salovey va Caruso dugc sir dung nhilu nhit. Nhirng
nghian cim \c thich nghi trie nghiem/thang do con chua phi biln khien cho viec
do ludng con co nhirng han chi nhit dinh. Mau khach thi trong cac nghien cuu
'"*

TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd6 (219), 6-2017


n6u tren ciing chii ylu khoanh lai a gi6i sinh vien. Nghien curu nay thii nghiem vdi
thang do Tri tue cam xuc Genos, m6t mo hinh tri tue cam xuc c6n kha moi 6 Viet
Nam. Hon niia, day la thang do dac trung cho viec do luong tri tue cdm xiic 6 noi
1 ^ viec, voi miu \k nhOng nguoi da di 1 ^ , trai nghiem hoat dpng lao dong X£l
hoi voi nhOng mli quan he nguoi - ngudi, co dac trung khac hSn voi sinh vien.
NghiSn cuu dat ra cau hoi: (1) Mot trie nghiem khong qua giai doari thich

nghi CO gi khdc so vdi dS thich nghi 1 ph4n tir goc d6 cac dac dilm tam trac; (2)
Ket qua thii nghi|m do luong bSng thang thich nghi tren mau chgn dat ra nhung
v§n dl gi?
Phinmg phap nghien cmi
Mdu nghien ciru
Mau nghien ciiu g6m 126 giang vien tre, dang giang d^y tai mot trudng dai
hoc 6 Hd Noi, co tham nien gidng day trung binh la 3 ndm, ngudi cd thdi gian Idm
viSc it nhat la mia nam va dai nhat la 12 nam. Nam chiem 35,7%, nir chi6m 64,3%.
Tudi trung binh ciia mau nghien ciiu la 27,1, trong do cao nhat la 35 tu6i va thap
nhat la 23 tudi. Mau ndy bao gom gan nhu todn bo sd giang vien tre cOa trudng,
^ ^ 1 gidng day d cac khoa khdc nhau, tham gia vao nghien cuai theo nguyen tac tu'
nguySn. Mau nghien cim Idm viec trong ciing mdt trudng, dieu do giiip kiem soat
cac bien mdi trudng tdc dpng den tri me cam xiic.
Cong cu nghien ciru
Thang do Tri tud cam xiic cua Genos gom 70 m^nh de, do 7 mdt ciia tri tue
cam Xiic, mdi mdt gom 10 menh de. Cac mat dd da dupe de cap den d phan md
dau. Trong thang do cd 7 cap m^nh de vdi ndi dung tuong tu nhau de co the kiem
tra cheo, chiing tao thanh thang do dp hieu luc cua cac cau tra loi vd dua vdo day
de tinh he sd bat on dinh ciia thang do.
Thang do cd hinh thiic thang Likert 5 bac va tuong ling vdi diem ciia cdc bac
nhu sau: 1. Khdng bao gid/Hdu nhu khdng bao gid; 2. Hiem khi; 3. Thinh thodng; 4.
Tuong doi thuong xuyen vd 5. Rat thuong xuyen/Hau nhu thudng xuyen.
Phan tich du lieu
Xu ly cac menh de nghich dao; Trong thang Genos cd mdt sd menh de cd y
nghTa nghich dao. Dd la nhimg cau mang ndi dung trdi ngupc vdi cac menh dl
khdc ciia thang do. Cac menh dl nghich dao ciia'thang do dupe doi dilm theo
nguyen tdc sau: 1 ^ 5; 2 ^ 4 ; 3 ^ 3; 4 = 2 vd5 = 1.
Tinh todn diem Tri tue cdm xuc: Muc dich ciia nghien ciiu Id so sanh dilm
danh gia tri me cdm xiic d 2 trudng hpp: khi chua thich nghi va sau khi da thich
nghi, vi the, cac diem tri tue cam xiic thanh phan vd tdng hop dupe tinh todn Id

diem trung binh cdng ma khdng phai la diem tdng nhu hudng dan ciia trdc
nghiem.

TAP CHf TAM L? HOC, Sd' 6 (219), 6 - 2017

15


Dilm cua tCmg ky? nang cam xiic dugc tinh bdng dilm trung binh cdng ciia
cac menh dl ndm trong kf ndng dd (sau khi da ddi dilm cac menh dl nghich dao).
Dilm tri me cam xuc t6ng hop dupe tinh bdng trung binh cdng dilm cua 7 ky
nang cdm xuc. Dilm cang cao thi tri me cam xiic cang cao.
D I danh gid tri me cam xiic theo chudn, dilm tri tue cdm xuc tdng hpp vd
cac dilm thdnh phdn da dupe chudn hoa. Phuong phap tinh diem chudn hda cua
cdc ca nhdn theo cdng thuc Weschler dl dat dilm trung binh mdu = 100 va dp lech
chudn mdu = 15 tren toan miu nhu sau:
EQ, = 100 + 15 X ((Xi - DTB)/DLC)
Trong dd:
EQ,: la dilm tri tue cam xiic chuan hda cua cd nhan thii i;
X,; la diem dat dupe qua trac nghiem ciia cd nhan thii i;
DTB: la diem trung binh cua toan mau;
DLC: Dp lech chuan cua toan mau.
Ket qua nghien ciiu
Do tin cdy cua thang do
Dp tin cay ciia thang do duac tinh bang he sd tin cay Alpha ciia Cronbach. He
so nay do ludng su on dinh ben trong ciia thang do, the hien d mdi tuong quan chat
che giira chiing vdi nhau. Vdi ban goc 70 menh de (sau day se dupe gpi la Genos70), he sd tin cay Alpha ciia Cronbach = 0,87. He sd mong quan hieu chinh ciia timg
menh de vol loan bo thang do (corrected item-total correlation) dao dpng lir -0,44
den +0,68. Tat ca cac he sd nho hon 0,30 deu la nhiing he sd the hien mdi tuong
quan yeu ciia menh de vdi thang do. Theo ly thuyet ve dp tin cay, chiing khdng nen

cd mat trong ihang do vi khdng dat dupe dieu kien ve dp on dinh ben trong cua
Ihang do, the hien qua tuong quan ciia tirng menh de vdi loan bp thang do.
Cd the ihay, mac dii dp tin cay ciia Genos-70 la rat cao nhung van bao gom
trong dd nhimg menh de khdng phii hpp, bdi nhieu menh dl cd he sd tuong quan
vdi loan bp Ihang do d mire yeu, tham chi rat yeu, trai nguoc han vdi thang do (cd
he sd luang quan nhd han 0).
Trong ban Genos thich nghi, cac menh de cd he sd tuong quan vdi loan bp
Ihang do (ilem-iolal correlation) nhd hon 0,3 se bi loai khdi phan tich bdi khong
dat dp tin cay. Trong nghien ciru nay, cd tdng cdng 26 menh dl bj loai khdi phan
tich. So menh de con lai la 44 (sau day gpi tdt la Genos-44), Cac menh dl dugc
phan bd vao cac lieu ihang do duac thi hien d bang 1.
Du lieu bang iren cho thay, sau khi loai bd cac menh dl cd luang quan yeu
vdi Ihang do thi dp tin cay ciia thang Genos-44 tdng hop cung nhu cac tilu Ihang
do cua no deu Idn han dp tin cay ciia Genos-70, mac dii cd sd luong menh dh it
han. Chiing la biet rang, he so tin cay Alpha ciia Cronbach phu thupc vao sd luang
menh de. Sd luong menh dl Idn lam cho dp tin cay cao hon. Trong trudng hap

TAPCHITAM LV HOC, Sd6 (219), 6 - 2017


nay, cac menh dl kbdng tit lam giam do tin cay ciia thang do tren mau ngudi
Viet, trong khi chung dugc bao cao la kha on djnh tren mau ban xir.
Bang 1: sS menh di, do tin cdy cua thang Tri tue cdm xiic tdng hop vd cdc tieu
thang do thdnh phdn phien bdn Genos-70 vd Genos-44
So menh de
Cac mat tri tue
cam xuc

Do tin cay
Cronbach a

Menh de giu- lai va loai
bo a Genos-44 so:

Genos70

Genos44

Genos70

Genos44

Tri tue cam xiic tdng
hffp

70

44

0,87

0,95

Ky nang nhan biet cam
xiic ciia ban than

10

7

0,63

0,77

1, 8, IS, 22, 29, 50. 63
(Loai bo 36, 43 va 57)

Ky nang the hien cam

10

6

0,55

0,67

2, 23,37, 51,58, 70 (Loai
bo 11, 16, 44 va 65)

Ky nang quan ly cam
xuc cua ban than

10

7

0,40

0,78

19, 33, 40, 47, 54 62, 69
(Loai bo 5, 26 va 61)

Ky nang kiem soat ciim
xuc manh cua ban than

10

5

0,56

0,78

7, 14,28,42, 56 (Loai bo
21,30, 35,49 va 68)

Ky nang luan giai cam

10

6

0,50

0,64

4, 18, 25,46, 53, 60 (Loai
bo 10, 32, 39 va 67)

Ky nang nhan biet cam
XLIC cua nguoi khac

10

6

0,13

0,70

Ky nang quan ly cam
xuc ciia ngiroi khac

10

7

0,66

0,83

3,24 31,45,52, 59 (Loai
bo 9, 17, 38 va 66)
6, 13, 20, 27, 34, 41, 48
(Loai bo 12, 55 va 64)

XLIC

XLIC

Trong sd cac tieu thang do ciia Genos d hai phien ban, cd nhirng mat cd dp
chenh ve he sd tin cay kha ro net, do la Ky nang nhdn biet cdm xuc ciia nguai
khdc (chenh 0,57), Ky ndng quan ly cdm xuc ciia bdn than (chenh 0,38), Ky ndng
kiem soat cdm xuc manh bdn than (chenh 0,22). Ta xem xel cac menh de bi loai
bd d cac lieu thang nay.
Ve noi dung ciia cac menh de, cd the nhan ra rang, ngoai trir 1 menh de (sd
66), con lai ca cac menh de khac deu mang ndi dung nghjch dao can phai ddi diem
trong ihang do nay. 6 nhirng cau nghjch dao, ndi dung de cap din nhung bilu
hien am linh mdi each ihang thdn, true tiep. Mac dii ihang do mire dp cho cac
menh de cho phep ehpn cac miic tir "Khdng cd" (khdng bao gid) din "Co" (rdl
thudng xuyen) cac bieu hien nay nhung rat cd the vdi ngudi Viet, cac bilu hien
am tinh dd de gay su phan cam.

TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, So 6 (219), 6 - 2 0 1 7


v l mat tit ngO, co le nguM Viet co kho khan trong tu duy xir ly ngon ngtr
mang tinh phu dinh. Vi du: chgn ''Khdng bao gid" vol bieu hidn "7(5/ cu xit Ichdng
thich hop khi toi cdu gian tai noi lam viec" cd thi hieu la "Khong bao gid cu xir
khong thich hgp khi can gian tai noi lam viec". Trong menh da nay, ngon tit co
dang phu dinh ciia phii dinh. Dieu do co thi gay khd cbo ngucri tra loi. Cac cau
xuoi chilu se khiln hg da dang ban trong each hilu.
Bdng 2: Mot so menh de bi loai bo
Mat tri tue
cam xuc
Ky nang nhan
biet cam xiic cua
ngirai khac

Menh de
9. Toi thay kho khan trong viec xac dinh nhCmg dieu thiic day moi
ngtrai tai noi lam viec.
17. Toi khong xac dinh dugc each nguoi khac hoi dap lai toi khi b6i
dap cac moi quan he
38. Toi khong nhan ra sir khong phu hgp trong cac tuong tac ve mat
cam xuc ciia dong nghiep.
66. Toi xac djnh duoc viec moi ngiroi cam thay nhu- the nao v^ cac v5n
de tai noi lam viec.

Ky nang quan ly
cam xuc ciia
ban than

Ky nang kiem
soat cam xuc
ban than

5. Toi tiep nhan nhirng loi chi trich tir ddng nghiep theo each ciia minh.
26. Toi ngam nghTve nhung dieu khien toi tire gian tai nai lam viec.
61. Toi khong xi> ly duoc cac tinh hu6ng gay cang thang tai noi lam
viec mot each co hieu qua.
21. Toi cu xii'khong thich hgp khi toi cau gian tai noi lam viec.
30. Khi toi bi cang thSng, toi tro nen b6c dong.
35. Toi khong kiem soat dirge tinh khi ciia toi tai noi lam viec.
49. Toi thieu kien nhan khi moi viec khong theo dimg ke hoach tai noi
lam viec.
68. Toi khong giCr dirge binh tTnh trong nhung tinh hu6ng kho khan tai
noi lain viec

Vc mat dien dat, khi chuyen tai ngi dung tir tilng Anh sang tilng Vict, cac
cau nhu: "re/ Ichong xac dinh duac cdch ngudi khdc hot dap lai tot khi bdi dip
cac mot quan he" hay -'Toi khdng nhdn ra su khongphit hap trong cdc tuang tdc
ve mat cam xiic ciia dong nghiep' hoac ''Toi xac dinh duac viec moi ngudi cdm
thay nliu the nao vecdc vdn de tai noi Idm viec" la nhimg cau co diln dat khong
xuoi ve ngon ngu tieng Viet. No co thi lam cho nguoi dgc hilu theo each khac.
Co the thay, mot trac nghiem nude ngoai, khi sir dung trong nghian cini
(khong phai trong danh gia) tai Vict Nam, nhit thill phai qua thich nghi vl mat
ngon ngu, ve mat noi dung, boi do la nhimg khia canh mang dac trung van hda r5

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd6 (219), 6-2017


net. Su cd mat cua nhting menh d^ "cd vdn d6" lam giam dp tin cay cua trdc
nghiem/thang do.
Do hieu luc ciia cdc cdu tra led cd nhdn
Genos de nghi chi nhihig ngudi c6 cau tra Idi du dp hieu luc mdi dirpc dua
vao phan tich. Dd la nhimg cau tra Idi nhdt quan, dn dinh giiia cdc menh d6 tuofng
duong. Tir dd, cdc tac gid d^ xudt viec ki6m tra dp hieu luc cdc cau trd Idi ca nhan
qua M sd bdi dn dinh.
Hd sd bdt on dinh dupe tinh bdng tdng cdc gia tri tuyet ddi ctia 7 hieu sd
giira dilm cua eac menh dS sau day: (39 va 46); (34 vd 48); (52 va 59); (24 va 52);
(41 vd 48); (13 vd 27); (24 vd 59) rdi chia cho 7.
Cac ca nhdn cd hieu sd nay Idn han 1 dupe coi la nhimg ngudi cd he sd bdt
dn djnh cao, the hien dp hieu luc cda cdc cau tra Idi ciia minh thap, cau tra Idi
khdng tin cay vd se bi loai bd khdi phan tich. Nhu vay, viec tinh toan he sd bat dn
dinh se loai bd nhimg cd nhan cd cdu trd Idi khdng dtj dp hieu luc khdi mau phan
tich.
Phan bd cua he sd bdt dn djnh ciia todn mau dupe hien thi d bieu dd 1.

Phan bd ndy mang hinh dang cua dudng cong chuan vdi ty le Idn mau roi vdo
xung quanh vi tri diem trung binh. Mdt phan nhd duoc phan bd tuong ddi deu
sang hai ben ciia bieu dd. Vdi diem trung binh ^ 0,72 vd dp lech chuan = 0,34, ta
cd diem cat cua do thi cua nhimg ngudi diem cao so vdi mau (tiic la nhimg ngudi
cd cau tra Idi khdng dii dp hieu lire so vdi nhiing ngudi cd cau tra Idi du dp hieu
luc) Id 0,72 + 0,34 = 1,06. Diem nay xap xi bang vdi diem ma Genos de xuat (= 1)
tren mau nghien cuu chuan.

Bieu do 1: Phdn bo cua he so bdt on dinh
Nhu vay, chi nhirng ngudi cd he sd bal dn djnh nhd hon 1 mdi dupe giu lai
va ket qua da loai tdng sd 20 ngudi. Mau phan tich cdn 106 ngudi, tudi trung binh
la 27.1. ngudi thap nhat 23 tudi va cao nhat la 35 tudi, trong dd 34% sd ngudi la
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. So 6 (219), 6 - 2017

19


nam va 66% la nil. Cd thi thiy, miu phan tich cd ty le nil cao hon ban va dieu dd
ndi len ring, nhirng kit qua d day cd xu hudng nghieng ve mo ta no nhilu bon.
Phdn bd diim tri tue cam xiic tren mdu giang vien tre
Genos-44

Genos-70

-|

-

^

r/

\

/

\

'A

Vn ,

W^

-

Bieu do 2: Phdn bo diem tri tue cdm xuc long hap Genos- 70 va Genos-44
Phan bd diem sd ve tri tue cam xiic tdng hop Genos-70 (sd mau n ^ 126) va
Genos-44 (sd mau n ^ 106) ciia giang vien tre dupe hien thj d bieu dd 2.
O ca hai trudng hop, phan bd diem tdng hpp deu cd dang tiem can dudng
cong chuan vdi cac thdng sd thong ke nhu sau.
Bdng 3: Cdc thong so thong ke cua Genos-70 vd Genos-44
Ttiong so tliong lie

Gciios-70
(II = 126)

Genos-44

(n = r06)

Diem trun^ binh

3.43

3,57

Do lech chuan

0,33

0,49

Do niihieng

0,35

-0,12

Do nhon

1,53

2.20

Khoang bien Ihien

2.02

2,94

Diem thap nluit

2.59

1,95

Diem cao nlifil

4,61

4,89

Dii lieu cho thay, giang vien tre trong miiu nghien cim d hai truimg hgp co
nhung dac diem sau khi so sanh \di nhau:

20

TAPCHiTAMiyHOC, 56 6(219), 6-2017


Tbii nhit, dO phta boa dilm ciia Genos-44 tit hon Genos-70 khi cd kboing
biln tbiSn Idn b o m . ^ 1 diem. Cy tbi hem, Genos-44 cd dilm thip nhSt tbip bon
(1,95 so vdi 2,59) va cd diem cao nb4t cao hon (4,89 so vdi 4,61) diem ciing M
ciia Genos-70. Vdi dSc diem nay tbi viSc do ludng bSng Genos-44 cd kba nJing
pban biSt t6t hon Genos-70.
Thii bai, d cd hai trudng bop, d§ ngbiSn^ deu gan di&n 0 nbung Genos-44 c6
dO ngbiSng tbip hon so vdi Genos-70, cho thSy nd gSn vdi dilm 0 bon, tiic Ih do
thi khong nghiSng v4 g ^ bon vdi ph5n b6 chuln.
Tbil ba, do nbpn ciia Genos-44 = 2,20, cao bon dSc diem citag loai ciia

Genos-70. 6 Genos-76, bg s6 t\ky = 1,53, cho thiy nd gin vdi dilm 0 bom, 14 diem
x4c nhSn dl tfij kbdng nbgn, khdng d?t vi gin vdi phan b6 cbuin bon. Day 14 dac
dilm duy nhfa cua Genos-70 tot bon Genos-44. Dilu n4y cbo tbiy, d phiSn ban
Gcnos-44, phto b l tap trung nbilu bctn v4o chinh dilm trung binb so vdi Genos70.
Sir diing Genos-44 trong do ttrdrng tri tu^ cdm xiic tai noi lam viic ciia
gidng vien tre
p
Dira tr6n diem chuin hda, tri tue c4m xuc dugc chia tb4nh 7 mire tir tb4p
den cao vdi phdn bo cua tri tue e4m xiie ting hgp va cac mat nhu d bang 4.
Bdng 4: Phdn bo mice diem tri tu4 cdm xuc vd cdc thdnh phdn (ty le %)
Cac mSt tri tu$
cam xiic
Tri t u | cam xiic tong
hyp
Ky nang nhan biet c ^
xiic ciia t>^ th§n
Ky n ^ g tlie hi^n cam
xiic
Ky nang quSn ly c5m
xiic ciia ban than
Ky nang kiem soat cam
xiic ban thSn
Ky n3ng li4n gi^ cdm
xiic
Ky nang nh|n bi£t c ^
xiic ciia nguoi khac
Ky nang quan ly cam
xiic cua nguoi khac

Rat

thip
<7S

Thip
7584

Diroi
trung
binh
85-94

Binh
thudng
95104

Tren
trung
binh
105-114

Cao
115124

Rat
cao
>125

7,1

7,9

19,0

36,6

22,2

2,4

4,8

7.1

4,8

26,2

23,8

26,2

7,1

4,8

5,6

7,9

15,1

36,6

20,6

6,3

7,9

4,8

11,9

16,7

34,0

24,6

3,2

4,8

6,3

3,6

9,0

69,4

3,6

4,5

3,6

4,8

20,6

17,5

21,4

26,1

4,8

4,8

6,2

13,5

17,5

27,8

23,8

5,6

5,6

7,1

9,5

27,0

15,1

28,6

7,9

4,8

TAP CH( TAM Lf HOC, SS 6 (219), 6 - 2017

21


Tinh tren dilm tri tue cam xiic toiig hgp, cd tbI tbiy, ty le nhiing ngudi cd
miic diem tren dudi trung binb (cd thi bilu 14 nhimg ngudi cd ky nSng tri tu6 cam
xuc binb thudng, khdng tdt ciing khdng kem) cbilm ty le bon 77,0% so ngudi tr4
Idi. So vdi tinh chit cua dudng cong chuin, t^ le nay pbai vao khoang 68,0% mdi 14
diing quy luat cua miic btab thudng, thi ty le n4y hoi cao. Vi tbI, ty le d pbia dilm
cao v4 dilm thip se bdt di. >fhiing ngudi cd dilm cao trd len (tir 115 diem trd len)

chiem t^ 1$ 7,2%, trong dd 4,8% cd dilm rit cao. Cdn nhihig ngudi cd dilm tir thip
trdxuing (tit 84 dilm trd xudng) cbilm 15,0%, trong dd 7,1% sd ngudi ed dilm rit
thip. Sd ngudi cd dilm thip v4 rit thip gip bon 2 lin so vdi sd ngudi cd dilm cao
va rat cao.
Nhttag ngudi cd dilm cao din rit cao tren thang Tri tue cam xiic la nhiing
ngudi so vdi ngudi khac cd ky nSng nhan ra v4 hilu dugc trang thai cam xiic ciia
minh cung nhu cua ngudi khac d mire cao bo4c rat cao, .ddng thdi hg ed ky nang
trong viec tbI hien mot each thich hop bon trang thai cam xiic cua minh d nod 14m
viec. Ben canh dd, bg ed ky nang sir dung c4c thdng tin vl cam xiic dl cd nhttng
quylt dinh, each hanh xir dung din bon. Khi xuit hien nbilng cam xuc manh nhu
phin khich, budn chan, lo ling thi hg cd k5' nang hon trong viec kiem che de thi
hien mdt each thich hgp vdi hoan canh tai noi lam viec.
Ngugc lai, nhirng ngudi cd diem thap va rat thap tren thang do 14 nhiing
ngudi so vdi nhttag ngudi khac, the hiSn su thieu biit cac ky nang nay. Su kbdng
thich hgp trong the hien cam xuc cung nhu trong each hanh xir eiia hg tai noi lam
vi|c, kha nang kiem che v4 kiem soat cam xiie kem hon nhiing ngudi khac trong
ciing moi trudng lam viec 14 nhOng ylu dilm co ban khiln cho bg cd tbI gap mot
sd ric rdi trong mil quan he vdi ding nghiSp, cd tbI mit di binh anh tdt dep trong
mat sinh viSn. Ty le nhirng ngudi ed diem tri tu^ c4m xiic rit thip nhilu ban mire
ciia pMn bd chuin cho miic do n4y (mile dd pbai dudi 0,5%) cung cho thiy ed
v4n de tai moi trudng giao due, bdi hg h4ng ng4y, h4ng gid tilp xde v4 14m viec
vdi sinh vien. Trong khi giang vien la bd mat ciia nha trudng thi rit cd thi nhttag
han che nay d mdt sd ngudi tao nen nhung an tugng phan c4m ddi vdi gi4ng vien
ndi chung.
Trong so cac mat cua tri tue c4m xiic thi ky ndng qudn ly cdm xiic ngudi
khdc cd mire do phan boa cao nhit khi mire binb thudng chi ed 15,0% so nguoi tra
Idi (chiem ty le thip nhat trong so cac mat cua tri tue cam xuc d mite n4y). Sl cdn
lai dugc phan bd d cac muc khac vdi cac ty le khac nhau. Tuong tu nhu vay, ky
ndng luan gidi cdm xiic cung 14 khia canh cd su phan hda cao khi mire binb thudng
chi ed hon 21,0% so ngudi tra Idi. Trong khi dd Ky ndng kiim sodt cdm xuc ciia

ban than cd ty le so ngudi d mire binh thudng 14 cao nhit (gin 70,0%), cac mire cdn
\a\co ty le tuong doi thip. Dilu n4y cho thiy, phin ddng gi4ng vien tre cd ky nang
kiem_soat cam xuc ban than d mire do vira phai, khdng qua tit nbung cung khdng
qua toi. Tuy nhien, ben canh dd, sl lieu cung cho thiy, ed 6,3% sd giang viSn tre cd
ky nang nay d mire rit thip. Day la nhttag dii tugng cin ph4i ren luyen nhilu ban

22

TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, Sd 6 (219), 6-2017


vl mat nay dl tri tue cam xuc thuc su giup bg cd dugc sir thoai mai hon tai noi lam
vi6c. Cd thi thiy, tren bmb dien chung, gi4ng vien tre dudng nhu cd ky nang kiem
soat c4m xiic ddng diu ban, cdn ky nSng nhan bilt cam xuc thi kha khac biet nhau.
Ky nang quan ly cam xuc ban than cd ty le ngudi dat mire rit tdt 14 thap nhat so vdi
cac mat khac.
Nhin chung, dir Ueu cho thiy, mat bdi ban trong tri tue cam xuc cua eac
gi4ng vien tre la eac ky nang c4m xiic hen quan din ban than (hieu, the hien, quan
ly cam xiic b4n than). Trong dd, nhan bilt cam xiic ciia ban than 14 ky nang cd ve
trgi hem c4. Mat han chi bon 14 ky nang tac dgng den cam xuc cua ngudi khac
(dac biet 14 nhttag cam xiic tieu cue). Viec kilm soat nhimg c4m xiic tieu cue ciia
ban than cung kem ban kilm soat nhimg cam xiic tich cue. 6 cac gi4ng vien tre,
nhieu ngudi gidng nhau d ky nang kiem soat cam xuc cua ban than v4 khac nhau
nhieu d ky nang nhan biet cam xuc ciia ngudi khac.
Phan bd diem cua cac mat cu the ciia tri tue cam xuc dugc bien thi d cac
bieu dd dudi day.

M Km.

V^%

J\

m

1 '4
%\ \

A m iih.

.1 •^••'iill

\\:Y,..}

Bieu do 3: Phdn bd diem cdc mat ciia tri tue cdm xuc theo Genos-44

TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd 6 (219), 6 - 2017

23


Quan sat cac bilu dd phan bo cbo thiy, binh dang chung ciia chiing tiem
can vdi dudng cong chuin, vdi sir ddi xiing qua diem trung binb, ty le Idn tap
trung xung quanh dilm trung binb v4 giam d hai b6n dau miit cua phan bd. Tuy
nhien, so vdi dudng eong chuin, hinh phto bd boi nhgn. Dii lieu d b4ng 4 ciing
cho thiy dilu n4y.
Xem xet cac menh dl eu tbI, sS lieu md ta cho thiy, bong timg mat ky
nang tbi vIn cd nbOng kbac biet nhit djnh giOa cac bilu bien. Vi ky nang nhan bilt cam xiic ban than, nhin chung day la mat duge thi bi6n tdt nhit
frong sl c4c mat eila tti tu$ c4m xuc thi ky nang trdi bon c4 14 su nban bilt minh
dang cd c4m xiic gi, trong khi dd, ky nang nbSn bilt anb hudng ciia c4m xiic dd

din ngudi khac, din cdng viSc lai tbI bito khdn^ dugc tdt. Hoac bong ky nang
luan gi4i cam xiic thi gi4ng vien tre cd ky nang tdt hon trong viec dat cac gia tri
cua td chirc ISn tren khi giai quylt cdng viec, nbung chua tdt trong viec tbI bien
dl ngudi kbac hilu hon vl quylt dinh cua minh. Hg 'qu4n ly cam xiic tich cue ciia
minh tdt hon c4m xiic tieu cue. Ciing tuong tu nhu v$y, cac giang vien tre tac
dgng din c4m xiic tich cue cua ngudi kbac tdt hem cam xiie tieu cue...
Nhu vay, nhin chung, dimg Genos-44 cd the do ludng dugc tri tue e4m xiic
tai noi I4m viec cua giang vien tre, tuy nhien, nd cling ed nhiing bat dn nhat dinh khi
phan bd chua dat chuan, dan den cd the cd nhimg sal lech nhat dinh khi xac dinh
mire do dS danh gi4. Mat kbac, lugng m4u ciia nghien ciiu kbdng idn ciing t4c dgng
mdt phan den chuan hda diem danh gia. Ngo4i ra, mau nghien ciru ciing kba ddng
nhat, trong ciing mdt mdi trudng 14m viec, kbdng phan hda nhieu ve tudi (vi deu
tre), mau lech ve gidi ciing 14 nhiing ban ebe ciia nghien cuu nay. Hon nila, phien
ban thich nghi chua tinh toan do hieu luc ciia thang do nen chua chi ra dugc cac dac
diem kbac biet giira hai phien b4n.
Kit lu|n
Nghien ciru ve tri tue c4m xuc tai noi 14m viec cua giang vien tre cd thi nit
ra mot sd diem sau day:
(1) Cd nhimg kb4c biet rd ret vl mot sd dac dilm tam trie (do tin cay, do
hieu luc ciia cac cau tra Idi, cac thdng sl thing ke md t4 phan bd) cua tri tae cam
xdc ting hgp cimg eac mat cua nd d phien b4n thang Genos gdc (Genos-70) v4
phien ban thich nghi mdt phin (Genos-44), trong dd, phien ban Genos-44 mang dac
diem tot hon. Nhiing khac biet n4y cd thi do van hda v4 ngon ngir. Nd cho thiy
nhat thiet ph4i thich nghi trie nghiem trudc khi sir dung. Mat kb4c, cac nghien ciiu
cua Viet Nam it mau da dang, dugc chgn ngiu nhien theo tieu chuin cit Idp, 14m
han che vi jc xac dinh mire chuin chung trong danh gi4. Vi tbI, mdi nghien ciiu ben
cac mau ddng nhit (sinh vien, giao vien, hgc sinh...) dIu phai danh gia cac dac dilm
tam trac cua thang do.

24

TAP CHI TAM Vf HOC, Sd6 (219), 6 - 2017


(2) Cd tbI dimg ban da thich nghi mdt phin dl nghien ciiu ve tri tuS cam
xuc tai noi 14m viec vdi nhirng chi bao md t4 kha sat thuc v4 cd do bieu luc ngi
dung. Tuy nhien, vin cin cac nghien ciiu tilp theo vdi miu chgn Idn bom, da dang
hem dl c4c danh gi4 bdt sai lech. Dac biet, cin xem xet din cac d|c diem ve do
hieu luc cua thang do dl cd thi cd mdt phien b4n trie nghiem tdt bang tieng Viet
de nghien cim vl tri tue c4m xuc tai noi 14m viec cua ngudi lao dgng.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Doan van Dilu, Khao sdl tri tue cdm xiic cua sinh vien Trudng Bai hgc Su pham
thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh, Tap chi Khoa hoc Dai hoc Su pham thanh phi Hd Chi Minh,
Sl 54, 2014.
2. Nguyen Thi Hien, Anh hudng ciia tri tue cdm xiic din viec hinh thdnh ky ndng lam
cdng tdc chii nhiem lop ciia sinh vien. Tap chi Tam ly hgc, Sd 7, 2009.
3. Nguyen Hdi Loan, Tri tue cdm xiic ciia sinh vien cdc lop chat luong cao thuoc Dai
hoc Qudc gia Hd Noi, Tap chi Tam ly hoc, Sl 11, 2007.
4. Tran Thi Thu Mai, Tri tue cdm xuc ciia sinh vien Trudng Dai hoc Su pham thdnh
phd Hd Chi iitinh. Tap chi Khoa hoc Dai hoc Su pham thanh pho Hd Chi Minh, So
48,2003.
5. Phan Trgng Nam, Muc do tri thdng minh vd tri tue cdm xuc ciia sinh vien Trudng
Dai hoc Su pham Dong Thdp, Tap chi Tam ly hoc. So 4, 2007.
6. Goleman D., Tri tue cdm xiic trong cdng viec, NXB Tri thirc (Sach dich), 2007.

7. Palmer B.R., Stough C, Harmer R. and Gignac G., The Genos Emotional Intelligence
Inventory A Measure Designed Specifically for Workplace Applications, In C. Stough etal
(eds.). Assessing Emotional Intelligence, The Springer Series on Human Exceptionality, Doi
l0.1007/978-0-387-88370-0_6, Springer Scienceh Business Media, LLC, 2009.

TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd 6 (219), 6 - 2017

25