Chương trình giáo dục phát triển năng lực người học, từ tuyên bố đên hiện thực

CHUONG TRINH GlAO DUC
PHATTRIEN NANG LL/C NGUOI HOC,
TU TUYEN BO DEN HIEN THUC
GS.TS. Nguyen HOu Chau
Trudng Dai hpc Gido due. Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Noi.
TOM T \ r
Chuang trinh gido diic phd thdng mdi dang dugc .xdy dimg vdi .su tuyen hd ve
mot "Chuang Irinh gido clue phdt trien ndng luc cua ngirdi hoc". Bdi viel ndy cung cdp
mpt ddnh gid lai chwmg trinh gido due phd thdng hien hdnh ile nhdn manh rdng. thirc ra
tu tirtmg ndy dd dugc luyen hd tu cdch ddy han 10 ndm vd khdngphai Id dieu mdi me o
Viet \ani .\'eii chi xel ve nhung tuyen bd lui} nhirng dinh hudng ve phdt Irien chmmg
trinh thi nhtTng dinh hutrng cua chuang trinh hien hdnh duac ban hdnh lir ndm 2006 Id
dd khd day du vd khdng he lac hdu .so vdi cdc xu the cua thdi dai Chi cd dieu. chung la
chira Idm duac dung nhu nhung dieu dd ndi Thdch thuc a thdi diem ndy Id lieu mot
chuimg trinh mdi .sau ndm 2015 cd ldm dirac mpt each that sir nhung dieu tuyen ho
khdng. nghia Id cd that .su la mpi chuang trinh phdt irien ndng luc ngirTir khoa: < 'htrtmg trinh gido liuc phd ihdng. Cai cdch chuang trinh: Phdt trien
ndng luc ngudi hpe
\gdy nhgn bdi 7/12/2016: \gd\

duyet ddng hdi: 25/12/2016.

ABSTRACT
The new curriculum for the years after 2015 has been developed under the
orienlalive idea that "The new curriculum must he a competency bused curriculum".
This article provides an evaluation of the current curriculum lo emphasize thai this
idea has aelually been declaredsime Wyeai\ ago and il is not a new idea in Vielnain.
.411 the orienlalive ideas of ihe existing curriculum have been declared since 201)6 but
still valid till now The real problem is that n c could not do what wc have staled The
big challenge and big question foi the new curriculum is that whether the new
ciirruiiltn will really he a curriculum to develop competency of learners?

Key words: Curriculum: Competency: Competency bused

curriculum

1. Gioi thifu chung

Bo Chuong trinh Giao due pho thong Vict Nam hicn dang duac sii dung
tren toan quoc dugc thuc hicn theo Nghi qu\i:l so 40/QH10/2000 cua Qudc hoi
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. So 1 (214). I -2017

15


khda X vi "Ddi mai chumtg Irinh gido dtJC pho thong". Bd chuong Irinh la mdt
cdng trinh khoa hpc dd sd vdi dp day khpang 4.500 trang. bao gdm: 11 Van ban
"Nhirng vdn di chung" (vdi v nghta luong lir nhu vSn ban dir thao v e Chuong
Uinh tdng thi v i giao due phd thdng sau 2015): 2/ Ba quyin chirang trinh ciia ba
cdp hpc tiiu hgc, THCS, THPT; 3/ Cac quv in cintmtg Irinh man hpc cua 23 mdn
hpc tir Idp I den lap 12.
Qua trinh xay dung bd chucmg Uinh na>' dupc bat dau tir v iec xav dung lai
chuong Uinh cip ticu hpc Irong khudn khd hoat ddng ciia dir an Phat trien Giao
due tiiu hpc do Ngan hang TTii gidi (\\T3) hd Up. sau dd chuang Uinh da dupe Bp
uudng Bp Giao due va Dao tap ban hanh ngav 11/9/2001. Ciing viVi chuong trinh
tiiu hpc, ehuong uinh THCS dupc bit diu xay dimg tir nam 1997 Irong khuon
khd du an Phat Uiin Giao due THCS do Ngan hang Phat trien chau A (ADB) hd
Up. Chuong Uinh nay sau dd da dupc Bd trudng Bd Giao due va Dao tao ban
hanh ngay 24T 2002 Tir thang 12/2003 din thang 6/2005, Vien Chiin lupe va
Chuong Uinh giao due (nay la Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam) duoc trao
nhiem vu ehii tri vice tien hanh ddng thdi vira liep tuc hoan thien chuong Irinh
giao due TT IPT. vira td chirc ra soat. dieu chinh. hoan thien cac chuang trinh tieu

hpc va THCS da dupe ban hanh. ket ndi mdt each khpa hpc chuong trinh cua ea
ba cap td chuc thanh mdt bp chuang trinh giao due phd thdng lir Idp 1 den Idp 12
theo nhiing djnh hudng ddi mdi lich cue. phii hpp vdi xu the cua cac nude tren
the gidi. Sau gan ba nam thuc hipn. ngay 5 thang 5 nam 2006. Bd trudng Bd
Giao due va Dao lao da ed Quyit djnh sd 16/2006/QD-BGDDT ban hanh chinh
thirc tren loan qudc bd Chuang trinh Giao due phd thdng nav.
2. Y nghia va nhihig uu diem cila ehuong trinh
- Lan dau lien trong Ijch sir. sau 3 cudc cai each giao due. Vict Nam ed
mpt bd chuong trinh giao dpc phd thdng tuong ddi hoan chinh. thing nhil Iren
loan qudc. dupc chinh thirc ban hanh, lam co sd cho vice biiin soan cac sach giao
khoa V a td chirc day hpe Uong tat ca cac nha trucmg,
- Chuong trinh giao due phd thdng 2006 thyc su la mdt edng trinh khoa
hpc cua lap the, vdi su tham gia cua gin 700 nha khoa hpc, nha giao va can bp
quan ly giao due uen loan qudc (bao gdm 135 ngudi tham gia bien span chuang
uinh cua 23 mdn hpc; 106 nha khoa hpc tham gia dpc gdp y eho chuong trinh;
285 nha khoa hpc tham gia cac hdi ddng thim djnh chuong trinh va hang uam
lac gia bien soan sach giao khoa cac mdn hpc). Rit nhiiu giao vien da dupc lya
ehpn va dupc mdi tham gia vao qua trinh gdp y chuong trinh hoac true tiip tham
gia V ao cac nhdm bien soan chuong trinh cac mdn hpe.
- Ngay tir giai doan nav. chuang uinh da dupe xay dung vdi cae y ludng
doi moi manh mc. da dupc neu Uong di an Ddi mdi ehuong uinh giao due phd

TAP CHfTAMiy HOC, Sfii (214), I -2017


thong trinh Qu6c hpi khoa X. do la; 1/ Chuyen tir "Chuang trinh tap trung vdo
kien thtrc" sang "Chuang trinh tap trung vdo ndng lire ngirai hoc" (nhu \ a\ can
luu \ la khong phai den giai doan sau 2015 chiing tamoi noi den mot chuong
trinh phat trien nang luc ngucri hoc): 2/ Chuyen tir "Chirang trinh dong" sang
"Chuang trinh m&' (chuong trinh da danh mot t\ le linh hoat cho cac dia phuong

xay dung va thuc hien linh hoat nhirng noi dung giao due cua dia phucmg); 3/
Chuyen tu "Chuang trinh gido due duy nhdl cho moi doi lugng ngirai hoc" sang
"Chuang trinh huang den sir phat trien ciia nhung nhom hpc sinh co nhu cdu.
dieu kien khdc nhau vd huang din sir phdt trien cua moi ca nhdn" (voi tinh than
nay. chuong trinh phan hoa theo hinh thuc phan ban cung he thong cac chu de da\
hpc tu chpn dugfc xay dung va thuc hien); 4 Chuyen tir "Chirang trinh qua chia
cat ve kien thirc"' sang ""Chirang trinh mang tinh tich hcrp".
- Ven y nghTa d^y du ciia khai niem "'chuong trinh" {curriculum), trong do
chuong trinh giao due duoc hieu nhu mpt Ke hogch su phgm long the, chuong
trinh da dc cap khong chi tdi npi dung day hoc nhu thuong thay trong chuong
trinh a cac giai doan truoc ma con bao gom he thong cac van de cot loi. tu muc
lieu ciia chuong trinh den pham \i. cau tnic npi dung mon hoc, chuan ciia chuong
trinh, cac npi dung hpc. cac goi y ve phucmg phap da\ hpc, cac scu cau \a gai y
ve danh gia ket qua hpc ciia hpc sinh.
- Mpt loat thay doi 1cm d3 dupc thuc hien nhSm tao nen mpt chirang trinh
hirang den phdt trien ndng luc ngirai hpc. Lan dau tien ''Chudn kien thuc, ky
nang vd cdc yeu cdu ve thai dp doi vai nguai hpc" dupc bien soan mpt each chi
liet va dupc dua vao vSn ban chuong trinh nhu mpt bp phan quan trpng ciia
chuong trinh. lam co scr cho vice bien soan sach giao khoa. to chiic day hpc va
danh gia ket qua hpc ciia hpc sinh. De phat trien cac kien thuc long hpp va nSng
Iuc giai quyet cac van de thuc ciia cupc song cho hpc sinh. chuong trinh da the
hien tinh than tich hpp. Trong giai doan na>. mpt so mon hpc tich hop lan dau
tien dupc xay dung {mon "'Nghien cuu Tu nhien va Xa hpi", mon "Nghe thuat"
o cap lieu hpc dupc lich hop tir mpt so mon hpc rieng biet truac day; mon Ngii
van a cap THCS \a IHPTdupc lich hpp tir hai mon lieng Viet \a tap lam van...).
Vai muc dich phat trien nang luc ciia ca nhan, chuong trinh da chii trpng toi su phan
hoa thong qua to chiic phan ban trong chuang trinh, bat dau bang \ icx to chirc
hai ban: Ban Khoa hpc tu nhien va Ban Khoa hpc xa hpi va Nhan van. Cach to
chuc phan ban nhu vay dupc dieu chinh tii mo hinh 3 ban da duac thi diem l4n
ihOr nhat vao nam 1989. sau do dupc liep tuc thi diem lan thii hai tir nam 1993 va

dimg lai vao nam 1997. Chucmg trinh phan ban dupc tiep tuc dieu chinh mgt ISn
nita cho phii hgp \ai thi^c lien ciia qua trinh day hoc. Den nam hpc 2006 - 2007,
ngoai hai ban Khoa hpc tu nhien. Khoa hpc xa hpi va \han \ an con co them ban
"Co ban" va c^c chu de tu chpn nham giiip hpc sinh co nhieu ca hpi lira chpn hon.

TAPCHfTAMLyHOC, S6'l (214), 1-2017


- Chuang trinh dupc thiei ke mdt each thdng nhat theo ca ehieu dpc
(vcriical) va chiiu ngang (hprizontal). Su thdng nhat theo chieu dpc diim bao
su dong bd v i y tudng khoa hpc va su phat trien Idgic ciia tri thirc khoa hpc tir
Idp 1 eho ldi Idp 12. Sir ddng bp Iheo chieu ngang dam bao cd gang den mirc
ldi da su luong thich v i tri thirc giiia cac man hpc d ciing mpt trinh dp lap hpc.
- Chupng trinh da cd ging gin ket hon giira Ui thirc khoa hpc v a cac van
di ciia cudc sdng. Nhiiu ndi dung ly thuyet nang ne da duoc loai bd de thay
bing nhirng npi dung mang tinh thuc hanh.
- Ndi dung tri thirc dupc di cap trong chuong trinh ve co ban phii hpp va
khdng diua kem so vdi Ihi gidi. Day la danh gia ciia cac nha khoa hpc cua cac
1 ldi Khoa hpe chuv en nganh thudc Lien hiep cac Hdi Khoa hoc v a Ky thuat Viet
Nam, dupc neu uong Bao cao ldng ket sau dot danh gia tpan qudc v c chuong
trinh va sach giao khoa nam 2007.
- Nhin chung. chuong trinh phii hpp vdi kha nang nhan thuc cua dai da so
hpe sinh. Mae dii ed khdng it v kien ciia \a hdi phe phan sir "qua lai" ma cac hpc
sinh phai chju dung va thuimg gan nguv'en nhan cho chuang trinh. tuy nhien nhieu
khi sir "qua tai" lai la hau qua cua qua trinh td chirc thuc hien chuang trinh ma
khdng phai bdi chinh ban than chuang trinh. Van de nay se duoc ndi chi tiet hon
d mue "Nhirng ban che ciia chuong trinh" dudi day. Nhirng nghien cim sau vc
mirc dp "chiu ldi' ciia 1.780 hpc sinh d 5 tinh trong khudn khd de lai dpc lap cap
Mui nudc (ma sd DI D1.-2004 23) da khing dinh: "89,12% hoc sinh tiiu hpc,
73.S% hpc .linh THCS Iren long sd mdu nghien ciru, vdi cdc dgc diem tdm. sinh

ty plldl trien binh thirang dung vol su phdt trien ciia lira tuoi hodn loan co ihi
ddp irngycu cdu cua chirang trinh, sdch gido khoa mai' (Bao cao long kit di tai
ddc lap cap Nha nudc. ma sd DTD1.-2004/23).
3. Nhirng han che eiia chuong trinh
Khi ndi tdi nhiing ban che vc chat luong va hicu qua eiia chuang trinh
giao due can phan djnh rd:
- Nhiing han che cua ehinh ban than chuong trinh.
- Nhirng han che cua qua trinh Id chuc thuc hien chuang trinh.
- Nhimg han che ciia cac sach giao khoa va cac loai tai lieu day hpc khic.
Bai viet nay chu veu phan tich eae ban chi diu lien, lire la cac han chi
cua ban than chuang Irinh. Tuy nhien, khdng tbi khdng di cap tdi hai loai han
ehe sau vi nhirng anh hudng va lien he chat che ciia chuna vdi chinh ban thiin
chuona trinh.

TAPCHITAMLyHOC. ^^ 1 (214). 1 - 2017


Cdc hgn che ciia chtnh bdn than chuang trinh:
- Tinh chinh xac ciia kien thirc mon hpc con han che. Con ton tai nhirng
diem chua chinh xac hoac ga\' tranh cai a npi dung mpt so mon hpc: mon Ljch
su, mon Vat ly. mon Hoa hpc...
- Mac dil da co nhieu co gang gan nhieu hon vai cac van de thuc cua
cupc song nhung nhieu npi dung day hpc van nang ne. thieu tinh iing dung.
- Mac dil la nhQ-ng mon hpc can thiet. co y nghia giao due nhung npi
dung cua cac mon hpc nay con ngheo nan va khong the hien ro tac dung giao
due (nhu mon Day nghe pho thong, Hoat dpng ngoai gia len Icrp...).
- Mac dil Chuan kien thirc va ky nang la diem mai noi trpi ciia bp chuong
trinh hien hanh nham the hien mpt chuang trinh phat trien nang lire nguai hpc
nhung nhimg bieu dat ve chuan chua lam r6 hinh anh ciia nang Iuc can co o
ngucri hpc ma moi mdn hpc can huong den. Chuan kien thuc va ky nang cung

chua duac mo la mot each thuc sir cu the va ro rang de lam can cu cho viet sach
giao khoa, day hpc va danh gia nang lire ciia ngucri hpc.
Tinh tich hop cua chuong trinh da co nhung van can lam nhieu han
nhu \ a\ de co the tao nen nhirng kien thirc tong hop. giiip hpc sinh phat trien
dupc nang lire giai quyet cac van de thuc ciia cupc song. Can xay dung nhiJug
phuang an tich hop sau sac va hieu qua han de cac kien thirc rieng biet dupc
hoa trpn mpt each nhuan nhuyen lam nen nhOng hieu biet tong hpp cho hpc
sinh. Cac phuang an tich hpp hien co mai chi dimg cr miic ket hap mpt so mon
(multidisplinary) ma chua dat den muc dp lien mon (interdispUnary) va a miic
cao han nUa la su hinh thanh cac mon hpc moi hoac cac chii de hpc phuc vu
giai quyet cac doi hoi ciia cupc song (transdisplinary)Cdc hgn che do qudn iy thuc hien chuang trinh, do sdch gido khoa vd
cdc tai Ueu hgc tap:
- Do phu thupc vao npi dung hoat dpng ciia cac du an vay von cho cac
cap lieu hpc va trung hpc ca sa tuang doi dpc lap vcri nhau nen viec to chuc
bien soan chuang trinh ciia ca he thong giao due pho thong thieu tam nhin tong
the va ehua that su phii hop vdi quy trinh lam mpt chuang trinh giao due.
- Chuang trinh dupc thtcl ke voi thoi luang cho hpc hai buoi/ngay, trong
khi do, 6 phan Ion cac truong trung hpc co sd, trung hpc phd thong va mpt s6
trudng tieu hpc d Vi?t Nam hpc sinh van chf hpc mpt buoi/ngay. Thdi lupng hpc
thuc su khong dii so vdi thdi lupng quy dinh trong chucmg trinh. Di^u nay da
gay nen tinh trang ma xa hpi cho la "qua tdi cua chirang trinh".

TAPCHITAMLYHOC, Sd' 1 (214), I -2017

19


- Cac can bd quan ly nha Uudng chua cd dii nang lire de ld chirc va dan
dit vice bien soan nhirng phin rieng cua chuang trinh, phii hpp vdi yeu ciu
va dieu kien ciia dja phuang va nha trucmg,

- 6 giai doan diu ciia v iec triin khai thirc hicn chuang trinh, cac giao vicn
chua Ihuc su dupc chuan bj .sin sang cho dav hiK theo nhiing v eu cau ciia chuong
Uinh. Su chuan bj Irudc cho cac sinh vicn d truimg su pham hau nhu cdn qua it.
nhu ngucri ta thudng ndi: "Ddi mai a cdc tnrdng .sir phgm tlurcmg di sau ddi moi 6
cdc trudmg phd thdng". Irong khi dd. cac chuang trinh bdi dudng thuirng xuyen
cho giao vicn thuimg td ra it hicu qua bdi ea ndi dung lan phuang phap bdi dudng.
- Dicu kien trudng lap edn han che. eae Idp hpc qua ddng khdng tao co
hdi cho ngudi giao vien ddi mdi phuang phap day hpc va each thuc danh gia
theo tinh than quy djnh trong chuong trinh. Cach day hpc nhdi nhct. phuc vu
chii yeu cho muc dich thi cu da lam cho v iec hpc trd nen nang nc.
- Qua trinh chi dao "giam tdi' ciia cac co quan chi dao cdn cd phan vdi
va. Ihieu can cir khoa hpc (vi du chi dao giam lai bing each ra soat de eiu giam
10% chuang trinh). Nhirng ehi dao nhu viiv'. qua mpt sd dpi, da lam pha vd tinh
tdng the, linh can ddi ciia chuang trinh eac mdn hpc.
- Cudi ciing. can ndi ring rat nhicu sai sdt vi kiin thirc d mpt sd mdn hpc
khdng bat ngudn lir chuong trinh ma tir cac sach giao khoa. Cach bien soan ciia
mpt so sach giao khoa cdn chua theo kjp cac tu tuiing tiin bp, cdn Ihicn vi ly
Ihuycl, thoat li thuc ticn. khdng kich thich su ham mudn kham pha d nguiri hpc
v;i khdng the hien tinh phan hda cho cac ddi luimg hpc sinh vdi nhirng khac bi^t
V e nang lire vii nhu cau nhan thuc.
4. Mpt so van de ciia luong lai - su- ehuan bi eho chirong trinh mffi
sau 2018
Nhirng gi da lam dupe \a ehua lam dupc d chuimg trinh giao due phi
thdng 2006 cd the gpi ra mdt sd v tudng nC-n dupc xem xet khi thiit ki chuong
Irinh giiio due phd thdng mdi:
Cho den Ihdi diim niiy cd the van cdn cd nhung tranh luan dua tren nhiing
hoai nghi rSng: "Dit cim cd nhirng thiiu sol vd hgn chi a chirang trinh gido due
phd thdng hien hdnh nhtmg cd nhdt thiit phdi tiin hdnh xdy dtrng lai chirong trinh
(vd .wu dd Id sdch gido khoa) a gido due phti ihdng cho giai doan sau ndm 2015
khdng'.*"

Vc van dc nav. cd thi khing djnh nhOng y sau: Nhirng sai sdt va thieu
hMl ve kien thuc d chuong trinh eua mdt sd mdn hoc la chuyen thudng xay ra d
hau bet cac quoc gia nhung rd rang dd khdng phai la ly do chu yiu di mpt dit
nuoc pha. lam mdt cudc cai each chuang trinh (curriculum reform). Vice c?p
nhat kicn thuc hoac siia chira nhiing sai xdi trong chuong trinh la vice lam
20

TAP CHf TAM l y HOC, Sfi 1 (214), 1-2017


thudng xuyen nham bd sung va hoan thien chucmg trinh sau mdi giai doan thuc
hicn chuang trinh. Cung khdng the doi hoi mot each dan gian rang su gia tang
d at khoi luong kien thuc mdi cua nhan loai sc dan den vice phai xay dung lai
cac chuang trinh giao due. bdi \] mdt chuang trinh giao due khong bao gid cd
du chd chua cho tat ca nhimg kien thuc nhu \ a>. Chinh vi va\'. d giao due phd
thdng. thay \ i "&d\ kien thirc" ngudi ta la\ "day each hpc" lam muc tieu chu
dao. Tuy nhien, thdng thudng, d mdi nudc. cii sau mdi chu ki khoang 15 nam
ngudi ta lai tien hanh nhimg cai each chucmg trinh. Dieu dd khdng chi vi su
thiic ep cua su xuat hicn cac kien thiic mdi ma chinh vi sau mpt giai doan nhu
vay mpt qudc gia thudng dat den mdt su phat trien mdi \ c kinh tc. xa hdi \ a
can cd mdt the he ngudi lao ddng mdi \di nhtmg ndng lire thich irng vdi sir
chuyen ddi kinh te. xa hpi. Do dd, chuang irinh giao due phai thay ddi dc dao
tao dupc mdt the he ngudi hpc mdi vdi nhirng pham chat \ a nang luc mdi. Viet
Nam da trai qua mot giai doan dii dai dc thuc thi chuang trinh hien tai \a dat
nudc budc vao giai doan mdi ciia cong cudc phat trien can den mot the he lao
dpng \di nhifng nang luc va pham chat mdi. Da\ chinh la K do de chiing la
phai cd mpt chucmg trinh giao due mdi khdng chi la nhung bd sung va siia ddi
ihdng thudng.
- Nhu da de cap d muc 2. lu tudng \c mpt "Chirang trinh gido due phdt
trien nang luc cua ngirdi hoc" dS dupc tuyen bd tir each da\ hon 10 nam \'a

khdng phai la dicu mdi mc d Viet Nam. Do dd. d giai doan na\. khi chuan bi cho
mpt chuang trinh mdi khdng nen tiep tuc lu\ en bd "Chuyen lu mot chuang trinh
tap trung vao kien thuc sang mot chuang trinh tap trung vdo ndng lice cua ngirai
hoc" ma chi nen ndi rang "The hien hieu qua han tinh than plidl trien ndng lire cita
ngirai hpc trong chirang trinh maf. Ciing can nhd rang, neu chi \cl ve nhirng
tu\cn bd hay nhQng djnh hudng ve phat trien chucmg trinh thi d giai doan trudc
nhiJng dinh hudng ciia chuang trinh 2006 la da kha day du \ a khdng he lac hau
so \di cac xu the ciia thdi dai. Chi cd dicu la chung ta da chua lam duac diing
nhung dicu da ndi. Thach thirc d thdi diem n;i\ la lieu mpt chuong trinh mdi sau
2015 cd lam dupc mpt each that sir nhung dicu luyen bd khdng. nghTa la cd that
su la mpt chuang Irinh phat trien nang lire ngudi hpc?
- Neu \et \e khia canh phat irien nang Iuc ngudi hpc thi diem min chdt
van la can tap trung tim kicm cac phuong an rd net hon \a hieu qua han vi^ tich
hop theo diing nghia ciia nhirng tir nay de phat trien duac d hpc sinh nhirng ki6n
thiic tdng hpp \ a nang lire giai quyet van de long hprp ciia cudc sdng. Cung nhu
va\. nhimg thay ddi Urn d chucmg trinh glai doan nay phai hudng rd hon ldi muc
lieu phat trien nang luc ciia ca nhan ihdng qua da\ hpc phan hda. Tao nen mdt
chuang trinh mang tinh phan hda dich thuc khdng the chi vira long vdi each td
chiic cac ban mdt each dan gian va hinh thirc.

T A P C H I T A M L V H O C , S6']

(214). 1

-2017


- Qua trinh xa> dung chuang irinh mdi ddi hdi mdt cich lam chuang
trinh chuyen nghiep han vdi nhimg con ngudi that sir chuyen nghiep va phai di
kem \di qua irinh chuSn bi tdt hon Al nhieu so vdi cac giai doan trudc day v^

dpi ngu giao vien \'a \ e cac dieu kien vat chat phuc vu ddi mdi.
Tai lifu tham khao
1. Bo Giao due va Dao tao, Chuang trinh gido due phd thdng, NXB Giao due. Ha
Npi. 2006.
2. Nguyen Hiru Chau. Ddi mdi chuang trinh gido diic - Nhirng khd khdn trong viec
xdc dinh npi dung dgy hoc vd mdi quan ldm ldi muc lieu phdt trien cd nhdn ngirdi
hpc. Tap chi Tam iy hoc. So 1/2015.
3. Vi?n Chien lupc va Chuang trinh ^iao due, Bp Giao due va Dao tao, Bao cao tdng
ket dc lai: Nghien cuu ddnh gid chat lugng. bieu qud vii^c trien khai chuang trinh.
.sdch gido khoa mdi a cdp lieu hpc vd THCS trong pham vi cd nudc, De tai dpc lap
c3p Nha nudc, m5 s6 D rDL-2004/23. Ha Npi. 2007.
4. Vi?n Chien lupc \ a Chucmg trinh giao due. Vdn de hodn thien chuang trinh gido
due phd thdng vd hodn thien phuang dn phdn ban THPT, Bao cao trinh Uy ban
Thudng vu Quoc hoi. Ha Npi. 2006.

^^

TAPCHfTAMLyHOC, S6' I (214), 1 - 2017