Nhận thức về phát hiện và phòng ngừa sử dụng ma tuý trong học đường của học sinh trung học phổ thông tại hà nội

NHAN THQC V ^ PHAT HIEN
VA PHONG N G D A SL/ D U N G MA TUY
TRONG HOC DUONG QUA HOC SINH
TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TAI H A NOI
fiao Minh OCfc

Khoa Tdm ly - Gido due. Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Hd Ndi

TOM TAT
Bdi vie't trinh bdy kei qud ngliier. ci'tlt thtic trang nhdn thdc ve phdt hien vd
phdng ngl'ta sit dung ma tuy trong hpc ditdng cua hoc sinh Irung hpc phd Ihdng
(THPT) d Hd Npi lai llidi diem Ihdng 10 ndm 2012 Ireii cdc mat: nhdn thdc ve cac
bien phdp de phdt hien, phdng ngita sit dung ma liiy trong hpc dudng: nhdn thdc ve
cdc ye'u id giiip cho bdn thdn phdng ngUa ma liiy hpc dudng: nhdn thicc ve cdc bien
phdp delubdo ve bdn ihdn trudc ma tity vd nhdn thitc ve hdnh dpng cita bdn than khi
phdl hien hoc sinh sif dung ma lity Irong hoc difdng. Tren co sd kei qud Ihu dupc, de
xud't mpi sd bien phdp gdp phdn ndng cao nhdn thdc ve phdl hien. phong ngita sif
dung ma Itiy Irong hpc dudng cho hpc sinh THPT tai Hd Npi.
T i khda: Nhdn ihifc; Phdt hien vd phong ngifa: Sif dung ma niy irong hoc
dudng: Nhdn thifc ve phdt hien vd phdng ngifa sif dung ma tiiy trong hpc dudng.
Ngdy nhdn bat: 21/11/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/12/2012.
1, Dat van de
Phat hidn va phdng ngia hpc sinh THPT s i dung ma tiy trong hpc
dudng, xay dyng mdi tru&ng hoc dudng trong sach khdng cd ma tiy la nhiem
vu, muc tidu quan trpng, dupc sy quan tam cua nhieu cap ldnh dao ngdnh gido
due ndi chung va lanh dao cdc trudng THPT ndi rieng. Mdt trong cdc bien phap
dd thyc hien dupc muc tidu trdn Id phai xay dyng dupc nhan thic tdt d hpc sinh
THPT vd phdt hidn, phdng ngia s i dung ma tiy trong hpc dudng, t i dd cdc em
cd thdi dd, hdnh vi ttch cyc ty phdng ngia ma tuy cho bdn thdn, gdp phdn cung
nha trudng phdt hidn va phdng ngtta ma tiy trong hpc dudng. Trpng nghidn ciu
ndy, ching tdi tim hidu thyc trang nhdn thic cua hpc sinh THPT vd phat hidn

TAPCHl'TAMLf HOCSdl (166), 1-2013

71


va phdng ngia s i dung ma tiy trong hpc dudng; trdn ca sd dd, de xud't mdt sd
bidn phap gdp phdn ndng cao nhdn thic cho hpc sinh THPT vd phdng ngtta s i
dung ma tiy trong hpc dudng.
Trong bai vid't nay, khdi nidm s i dyng ma tiy trong hpc dudng dupc hidu
Id hdnh vi sti dtmg chdl ma luy cda hpc .iinh Irong mfli truflng hpc ducfng, bdi
chd'p nhitng hfiu qud dfl'i vfli bdn thdn, gia dinh, nhd truflng vd xd hpi.
2. Khach the va phuong phap nghien cihi
Nghidn ciu dupc thyc hidn trdn hpc sinh THPT thudc 3 tru&ng THPT tai
Ha Ndi: Tru&ng THPT Van Xudn - Huydn Hodi Die, Tru&ng "fflPT Ddn ldp Dinh
Tien Hodng - Qudn Ba Dinh va Tru&ng THPT Truong Dmh - Qudn Hodng Mai.
Tdng sd khach thd nghien ciu Id 343 hpc sinh. Trong dd, hpc sinh khd'i 10 la
122 em (chidm 35,6%), khdi 11 la 114 em (chidm 33,2%) va khd'i 12 la 107 em
(chidm 3I,2%>. Vd gidi tfnh, cd 142 hpc sinh nam (chidm 41,4%) va 201 hpc
sinh n i (chidm 58,6%). Sd hpc sinh cy thd tai mdi tru&ng nhu sau:
+ Tru&ng THPT Van Xudn, 129 hpc sinh (chidm 37,6%);
•I- Tru&ng THPT Ddn lap Dinh Tidn Hpang, 101 hpc sinh (chidm 29,5%);
•I- Tru&ng THPT Truang Djnh, 113 hpc sinh (chidm 32,9%).
Cdc phupng phdp nghien ciu: Nghien ciu s i dyng phuang phap bang
hdi, phupng phdp phdng van sau. Mdi cau hdi trong bang hdi cd 4 phuang dn
tra Idi vdi thang didm ttt I de'n 4 die'm. Didm trung binh cua mdi cdu tra l&i
dupc quy udc thdnh 4 mic dp, khoang each giia cac mic dp la 0,75 didm.
3. Ket qua nghien ciu
3.1. Nhfin thicc ve bien phdp phdt hien vd phdng ngiia si ditng ma tuy
trong hpc dudng
Kdt qua thu dupc t i bdng I cho tha'y, hoc sinh THPT chp rdng 3 bidn

phdp cd hieu qua nha't trpng viec phdt hien va phdng ngtta ma tiy trpng hpc
dudng la: -Nhii trudng td chic cdc boat ddng tuydn truydn"; "Thay cd quan tdm
sau sdt, phat hien sdm hpc sinh cd nguy cp su dung ma tuy" vd "Nhd trU&ng cd
phdng Tdm Iy hoc dudng". Bien phdp cd hieu qua thd'p nhd't la "Nha tru&ng lap
hdm thu dd hpc sinh thdng bdp cdc ban hpc sinh nghi su dyng ma tiy"
Ket qua nghien ciu thdng qua phdng vd'n sdu tuang ddng vdi ke't qua
nghien ciu thu dupc t i bdng hdi. Mot sd y kien: "Nhd truflng cdn luyen truyen
nhieu ve Idc hai cua ma niy cho hoc sinh bie't md trdnh" (Nguydn Thi P., Idp 11
vd Nguyen Thi N., Idp 10, THPT Van Xudn; Trdn Minh C , ldp 1 I B l , THPT

^^

TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1 - 2013


Dinh Tien Hoang); "Thdy cd nen quan ldm han de'n hgc sinh, nhu vdy thi di
phdt hien duac cdc ban co si dting ma tiXy. Trudng em co phdng Tdm ly hpc
ducmg Id diiu kien td't cho chung em chia se nhiing khd khdn gap phdi, em nghT
rang neu co ai dd sii dung ma tuy thi nen gap thdy cd d phdng Tdm ly hpc
dudng de thdy cd giup dd. Cdn ne'u em bie't bgn ndo dd dUng ma tiiy thi em
cung bdo cho cdc thdy cd d phdng Tdm ly hgc dudng de giup dd cdc bgn dy"
(Jxin Y6'n L., 16p 12 Al, THPT Dinh Tifin Hoang); "Co chit nhiem nen tSchac
sinh hogt thudng xuyen v&i ldp de ndm tinh hinh cdc bgn" (NguySn Thj P., ldp
11, THPT Van XuSn). Nhin nhan dudi goc d6 cua thdy cO giao: '"Can tdng
cudng gidm sdt, ndm bdt thdng tin ve hgc sinh vd kip thdi cd bien phdp ngdn
chgn. To chiic cdc budi sinh hogi vdi chu de phdng chd'ng ma tuy cd ehd't lugng
thdng qua cdc lieu phdm, bdi hdt, trd ldi trdc nghiim" (Co Nguyfin Thi Thiiy
D., giao vifin chia nhifim - THPT Truong Dinh).
Bdng 1: Nhdn thiic ve bien phdp phdt hien, phdng ngUa ma tiiy hpc dudng
Diem

TB

Thii
bac

18,7

2.40

6

15,2

73,4

3,62

1

8.5

30,9

42,0

2,96

*

0,0

15,7

27,4

56,9

3,41

3

0,0

0,0

43,7

56,3

3,55

2

0,0

32,9

44,9

22,2

2,88

5

Ti le %

Noi dung
I. Nha trucmg Up hom thu de hoc sinh
Iheng bao cac ban hoc sinh nghi sii
dung ma tuy
2. Nha trucmg 10 chiic cac hoai dOng
luyen truyen, phat 15 roi, tai lieu ve
phong chdng ma tiiy
3. Nha trucmg thucmg xuyen t6 chiic
xet nghiem hoc sinh de phai hiSn ma
liiy
4. Nha Uucmg cd phong Tam ly hpc
ducmg d^ tu va'n s6m cho hoc sinh
5. ThSy CO quan tam sau sat de'n hoc
sinh, phat hi6n s6m hoc sinh c6 nguy
CO dilng ma tiiy
6. Chi'nh quy^n dia phuong xoa bo cac
di^m ban hang rong xung quanh
trucmg

1

2

3

4

29,3

19,3

32,7

0,0

11,4

18,6

Ghi chli: 1. Khong hieu eiud: 2. Hien qud mpt phdn: 3. Hien qua niiieu: 4. Rdt hieu ijiid

3.2. Nhdn thUc ve viec tu phong ngiia sudung ma tiiy trong hpc dudng
Ke't qua thu dupc ttt bang 2 chp tha'y, yeu td quan trong nhat giup cho
hpc sinh THPT ty phdng ngia s i dung ma tiy trpng hpc dudng chfnh la sy ty
TAP CHI'TAM Lf HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1 - 2013

73


nhdn thic cua ban thdn vd tdc hai cia ma tiy. Ydu td thdy cd vd gia dinh cd
hieu qua khd nhieu ddi vdi cdc em. Yd'u td ban bd khuydn va gia dinh cd ngu&i
nghien hdu nhu khdng cd hidu qua giip cho cdc em ty phdng ngtta s i dung ma
tuy. Ke't qua thu dupc phdng vdn sau cho thdy, hdu hdt cdc em cho bidt: "Em

khflng Ihich dimg ma luy vl em biet dupc nhiing tdc hai ciia no tren ti vi vd
internel. 6 truflng em dupc cdc thdy co dgy ve tdc hai ctia ma lity, em set vd
khdng dfim thif ne'u nhu cfl en do mfli" (Phan Trf T., Idp 12, THPT Truong
Dinh); vd "Em lim hieu tren mang vd hie'l dupc tdc hai cda ma luy. Em chua
bao gifl diing ma tiiy cd. nhung em se khflng ihii vi ma tuy se Idm cho em bi
nghien vd vi phpm phdp ludt" (Nguydn Dinh T., ldp 10 A l , THPT Dinh Tten
Hoang).
Trong cac hanh ddng cua bdn thdn dd phdng ngtta s i dung ma tiy thi hpc
sinh THPT cho rdng cdn phai hpc cdch ty bap ve ban thdn trudc cdc ydu tp nguy
CO ttt xung quanh. Ke't qua phdng vdn sdu cho thd'y, cdc em ddu cho rdng cdn
phai cd ky nang ty bao ve bdn thdn nhu: ky nang t i chdi, ky nang s i dung thdi
gian hop ly, ky nang nhan bidt nguy co, ky nang kiem sodt sy cang thing...
Hpc sinh n i dd cap nhidu de'n bien phdp ndy nhidu hon hoc sinh nam. "Theo
em, cdn phdi cfl nhung ky ndng ddc biet de phflng trdnh ma liiy, Idm the ndo lie
chfl'i de khflng bi cdc ban khdc mfli sil dung, Idm the ndo de nhdn biel nhanh ai
Id nghien ma lity vd cdc ky ndng khdc nita. Nhd IrUflng nen day cho cdc em cdc
ky ndng ndy ngay lit khi mflt vdo hpc de con biel cdch phflng trdnh ma lity"
(Trdn Ydn L., ldp 12 Al, THPT Dinh Tien Hodng).
Bdng 2: Nhdn thitc ve viec tUphflng ngifa sif dung ma liiy trong hpc duflng
Noi dung

Tiii

1

1 2

%
3 1 4

Diem
TB

Thd:

bac

Ye'u id CO hieu qud giiip cho bdn thdn tu phong ngifa sddung ma tdy trong hoc dudng
1. Ban than nhan thiic dugc tac hai cda
ma luy

0,0

14,0

24,5

61,5

3,48

1

2, Ban than nhin Iha'y ngudi nghien chet
VI ma tuy

52,5

8.7

26,3

12,5

1,99

6

3. Ban than so bi nha trudng dudi hoc

0,0

87,8

12,2

0,0

2,12

5

4. Gia dinh chi bao

0,0

32,7

31,5

35,8

3,03

3

5. Gia dinh cd ngucfi nghien ma tiiy

98,5

0,0

1,5

0,0

1,03

8

6. Ban be khuyen khdng nen sii dung

65,6

7,0

27,4

0,0

1,62

7

7. Th^y cd day khdng duoc sir dung

0,0

32,4

24.7

42,9

3,10

2

8. Nha trudng ca'm sir dung ma liiy

0,0

52,5

44,0

3,5

2,51

4

74

TAP CH[ TAM LY HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1 - 2013


Hdnh ddng debdo vi bdn than khong sd dung nia liiy
1. Tranh xa thud'c M, ruou va cac chat
ma tiiy khac

0,0

5,0

30,9

64,1

3,59

2

2. Ludn lim kie'm Ihdng tin vi each
phong ngia ma tiiy

0,0

15,5

21,3

63.2

3,48

3

3. Khdng giao du, kei ban vdi ngucri
nghi cd dung ma niy

0,0

28,9

61,8

9.3

2,80

6

4. Khdng Ihir dung ma liiy khi dugc
ngudi khac mdi

0,0

25,4

19,0

55,6

3,30

4

5. Tranh xa nhirng ban be, hang xdm,
ngudi than... cd sir dung ma luy

28.5

39,1

10,2

22.2

2,26

7

6. Ludn d^ phdng dd'i vdi cac Ihiic an,
dd ud'ng duoc mdi

0,0

16,0

63.3

20,7

3.05

5

7. Hoc each tu bao vd ban than trudc
cac ye'u Id nguy co tir xung quanh

0.0

0,0

19.5

80,5

3.80

1

G/K chli: 1. Khong ddng y: 2. Dong y mdt phdn: 3. Dong y nhieu: 4. Rdt dong y.

Nhing kd't qua tren cho thdy, nhttng bdng ching ve tdc hai cua ma tiy
(ngudi nghien ma tiy) va nhttng Idi khuydn bdo cua ban be khdng phai Id ye'u
td quan trpng, quydt dinh trpng viec giup cho hpc sinh THPT phdng ngia ma
tuy hpc dudng. Yeu td quan trpng chfnh la ^ thic cua ban than mdi em dya tien
nhttng sy khuydn bao cua thdy cd vd gia dlnh. Mdt sd hanh dpng can thidt dd

phdng ngtta su dyng ma tiy thi cdc em lai cd hidu bidt kha ban chd. Ddy cd the
,1a khe hd de cho tpi pham ma tiy du dd s i dyng. Mat khdc, de giup cac em hpc
each ty bdo ve ban thdn trudc cdc ye'u td nguy co t i xung quanh thi phai tap
hudn, dao tao cho cac em ky nang sd'ng phdng chd'ng ma tiy trong hpc du6ng,
giip cho cac em cd nhan thic linh boat ve cdc thu doan du dd su dyng ma tiy,
t i dd cd ky nang ing phd va tim kidm sy hd trp kip th6i.
3.3. Nhdn thUc ve hdnh dpng cda bdn thdn khi phdt Men hpc sinh si
dung ma tity trong hoc dudng
Ket qua thu dupc ttt bang 3 cho tha'y, hpc sinh THPT cho rdng cd 2 hanh
dpng rdt hieu qua vd dupc lya chpn thyc hien khi phdt hien ban khac s i dung
ma tiy trpng hpc du&ng id: "Tim cdch tidp cdn va khuyen nhu trdnh xa ma tiy"
vd "Thdng bdo cho chuydn vidn tdm ly hoc dudng". Hdnh ddng "Mac ke va
trdnh xa ban dd" cd didm trung binh thd'p nhd't. Dieu nay cd nghTa la hpc sinh
THPT cd sy tuang trp giip dd ldn nhau va se it bd ban khi phat hien ngudi dd
s i dung ma tiy.

TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1-2013

75


Kdt qua thu dupc t i phdng vd'n sdu cho thd'y cd sy tucmg ddng vdi ke't qua
thu dupc ttt bang hdi. Cdc em cho bidt: "Ne'u trong Iflp cfl ban sif dung ma tiiy,
em seden noi chuyen vd khuyen ban d'y hci, ne'u ban cfln si dung thi em se gap
vd bdo cho cfl Lan Anh ill phimg Tdm ly hpc duflng" (Trdn Minh C , ldp 11 Bl,
THPT Dinh Tidn Hodng). Cd mdt trudng hap dupc phdng vdn cho bidt: "Em rdi
so ngufli nghien ma /(iy. Ne'u co ban ndo Irong IrUflng sUdijng ma luy Ihi em se
irdnh .ui ban tid" (Nguydn Thi P., ldp 11, THPT Van Xudn). Nhu vay, hpc sinh
THPT tin tudng vdo hidu qud cua vide "Tim cdch tidp cdn vd khuyen nhu trdnh
xa ma tiy" vd "Bao cho chuydn vien tdm ly hpc dudng". Ndu nhu cac em duoc

trang bi kien thic td't va ddy du thi se gdp phdn phdt bidn va phdng ngia si
dung ma tuy trong hpc dudng cd hidu qua.
Bdng 3: Nliiin thdc ve hdnh dpng cua bdn ihdn khi phdl hien hpc sinh
sif dung ma ldy Irong hpc duflng
Noi dung

Ti le %
3
2

1

4

Diem
TB

Thi
bic

1. Tim each lie'p can va khuyen nhu
tranh xa ma tuy

6,7

8,7

26,8

57,8

3.36

1

2. Tim cac tai lieu ve ma niy dua cho
ngudi dd

0,0

40,5

35,6

23,9

2,83

4

3. Thdng bao cho ihay cd giao chii
nhiem va gia dinh ban dd

16,6

9,6

16.4

57.4

3,14

3

4. Thdng bao cho chuydn vidn iam ly
hoc dudng

0,0

19,5

32.4

48.1

3,29

2

5. Mac ke va tranh xa ban dd

36.2

37,0

23,6

3,2

1,94

5

Glii chii: 1. Khong hieu qua: 2 Hieu qua mpi phdn: 3. Hieu qud nhieu: 4. Rdt hieu qud.

Nhin chung hpc sinh THPT da cd nhdn thic td't va tich cyc vd hanh ddng
cua ban than khi phdt hien trong tru&ng cd ban s i dung ma tiy. Day la co sd td't
cho cdng tdc phdng ngia su dung ma tuy trong hpc du&ng.
3.4. So sdnh nhdn thiic ve phdt hien vd phdng ngita su dung ma tuy
trong hoc dudng theo lieu chi truflng hpc
Bang 4 trinh bay kdt qud sp sanh mpt sd items cd sy chdnh lech didm
trung binh t i 0,1 diem trd len.
Hpc sinh THPT Van Xudn danh gia bien phdp "Nha tru&ng lap hom thu
de hpc sinh thdng bdo cac ban hpc sinh nghi s i dung ma tiy" cao han so vdi
hpc sinh cua 2 trudng cdn lai. Hpc sinh tru&ng THPT Van Xudn cung cd DTB
76

TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1 - 2013


vd ydu td "Ban than nhln thd'y ngudi nghien chdt vi ma tiy" thd'p hon 2 tru&ng
cdn Iai. Bdn canh dd, cdc em Iai ddnh gid cao ydu td "Ban be khuyen khdng nen
s i dung". Didu nay cd thd hidu Id mdi tru&ng hpc du&ng cia Tru&ng THPT
Van Xudn Id thudc dia ban huyen Hoai Die, it cd nguy ca cao tidp cdn vdi ma
tiy vd ngudi nghidn ma tiy, ddng th&i tfnh chdt lang xa gdn bd ldn nhau cd anh
hudng nhidu ddi vdi nhan thic cua cac em.

Bdng 4: So sdnh nhdn thitc ve phdl hien vd phflng ngifa
sif dung ma tity irong hpc duflng

Ndi dung

Dinh Tien
Hoang
DTB Thur
bac

Truong
Dinh
DTB Thii
bac

Van Xuan
DTB

Thiir
bac

Chenh
lech DTB

Cdc bien phdp phdl hien, phong ngiia ma ldy hoc dudng
1. Nha uudng lap hdm Ihu dd
hgc sinh ihdng bac cac ban 2.43
hoc sinh nghi sir dung ma liiy

6

2,41

6

2.96

4

0,53

2. Nha trudng td chiic ciic hoai
ddng luydn truyen, phai td rdi,
lai lidu ve phdng chd'ng ma luy

I

3,56

I

3,64

1

0,1

3.66

Yeu id cd hieu qud gidp cho bdn ihdn lu phdng ngUa sudung ma itiy trong hoc dudng
1. Ban Ihan nhan thirc dugc lac
hai cua ma Uiy

3,52

I

3,40

I

3,50

1

0.12

2. Ban Ihan nhin Iha'y ngudi
nghien chet vl ma luy

2,00

6

2.07

5

1,91

6

0,16

6. Ban be khuydn khdng ndn
sir dung

1,64

7

1,50

6

1,70

7

0,14-0.20

7. Thay cd day khdng dugc sir
dung

3,15

2

3,00

2

3,16

2

0,15

Hanh dong de hdo ve bdn thdn khong sddung ma luy
2. Ludn lim kiem Ihdng un vd
3,54
each phdng ngia ma luy

3

3,40

3

3,50

3

0,1-0.14

3. Khdng giao du. kdi ban vdi
2,86
ngudi nghi cd dting ma tuy

6

2,74

6

2,81

6

0,12

4. Khdng thu diing ma tiiy khi
dudc ngudi khac mdi

4

3,34

•

3,23

4

0,11 -0,13

3,36

TAP CHITAM Lt HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1-2013

77

Hpc sinh Tru&ng THPT Truong Djnh khdng cho rdng ydu td "Ban thdn
nhan thic dupc tac hai cua ma tiy" Id quan trpng nhu hoc sinh cua 2 tru&ng
cdn lai vd do dd hdnh ddng "Ludn tim kid'm thdng tin vd cdch phong ngtta ma
tiy" cung tuong ty thd'p hon 2 tru&ng. Hpc sinh Tru&ng Truang Dinh cung
ddnh gid thd'p vin dc "Khdng giao du, kdt ban vdi ngu&i nghi cd dung ma tiy";
"Ban be khuyen khdng ndn s i dung" va "Thdy cd day khdng dupc s i dyng" so
vdi hpc sinh 2 tru&ng cdn lai. Ddng thdi, cdc em ddnh gia cao han 2 tru&ng con
lai vd yeu td tro giip cho ban thdn ty phdng ngtta ma tiy: "Ban thdn nhin thdy
ngudi nghien chet vi ma luj'". Kdt hop vdi dac didm mdi trudng hpc dudng cua
Tru&ng Truang Dinh la gdn Uy ban nhdn ddn phudng Tdn Mai, vide thi tuydn
vd lya chpn hpc sinh ddu vdo cua tru&ng chat che, tuy nhidn tru&ng cung gdn
chp va ndm giia khu vyc dan cu ddng die, cd nhidu ngudi nghidn cua Qudn
Hodng Mai; nhttng yeu td ndy cd thd gidi thfch phdn nao vd sy khac biet trong
nhan thic cia hpc sinh Tru&ng THPT Truang Djnh.
Hpc sinh Tru&ng THPT Dinh Tien Hodng cd DTB nhdn thic ve ydu td
"Ban than nhan thic dupc tac hai cua ma tiy" cap hem 2 tru&ng cpn lai, ddng
thdi ddnh gid cap hanh ddng "Khdng thi ding ma tiy khi dupe ngudi khdc
mdi" va "Khdng giap du, ket ban vdi ngudi nghi cd dung ma tiy" ban hpc sinh
cua 2 tru&ng cdn lai. Hpc sinh Trudng Dinh Tien Hodng cung ddnh gia cao hon
2 tru&ng cdn lai vd bien phdp phdng ngtta s i dung ma tiy trong hpc dudng
"Nhd trudng to chic cac hoat ddng tuydn truydn, phat td roi, tdi lidu vd phdng
chd'ng ma tiy". Ly do anh hudng tdi cdc mat nhan thic trdn mpt phan ttt mdi
tru&ng hoc dudng cua Tru&ng Dinh Tien Hoang nhu: dac diem tuydn sinh hpc
sinh ddu vdo thd'p; trudng tri ddng tai 1 trpng 4 Quan trung tam cua Ha Ndi gan khu vyc bai Phuc Xd la dia bdn phic tap, nhidu hpc sinh cd nhan than phic tap.
4. Ket ludn
T i nhttng phan tfch tren cd the dua ra mdt sd nhan xdt chung nhu sau:
Hpc sinh THPT cho rdng, bidn phdp cd hidu qua dd phat hien, phdng
ngtta ma tiy trong hpc dudng tai cac tru&ng THPT gdm cdc bidn phap sau: Nha
trudng tp chic cdc hoat dpng tuydn truydn; Thdy cd quan tdm sau sat, phat hidn

sdm hpc sinh cd nguy cP s i dung ma tuy vd nhd tru&ng cd phdng Tdm ly hoc
dudng. Nhdn thic cia bdn thdn vd tdc hai cua ma tiy la ydu td chfnh giip clio
cdc em ty phdng ngia s i dyng ma tiy va ngudn thdng tin giip cho cdc em cd
dupc nhdn thic dd chu ye'u la t i cha me va cdc thay cd day bao.
Hpc sinh THPT cho rdng, bidn phap cd hidu qua, giip cho cdc em tu
bao ve bdn thdn trudc ma tuy hpc dudng la phai hoc each tu bao vd ban thdn
truoc cdc yeu to nguy co t i xung quanh, ddc bidt Id cdc ky nang sd'ng ve tu

^^

TAP CHI'TAM lif HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1 - 2013


phdng ngia vd dd'i phd vdi cac nguy ca s i dyng ma tiy; trdnh xa thud'c Id,
rupu, bia vd cac ehd't ma tiy; ddng thdi ludn tim kidm thdng tin vd each phdng
ngia ma tdy hpc dudng. Khi phat bien ban cd s i dung ma tiy trong hoc dudng,
hpc sinh THPT thu&ng tim cdch tidp cdn va khuyen nhi ban trdnh xa ma tiy.
5. Kien nghi
Ttt ke't qua nghien ciu ching tdi dd xuat mdt sd kie'n nghj de phdng
ngia s i dung ma tuy trong hpc dudng nhu sau:
- Tang cudng ning cao nhan thic cho hpc sinh thdng qua cdc boat ddng
truydn thdng trong nha tru&ng;
- Tdp hudn cac bien phap hd trp khi phdt hien ban cung Idp hoac cing
tru&ng su dung ma tiy;
- Dao tao mdi ldp hpc mdt sd hpc sinh ndng cdt;
- Xay dyng he thd'ng tdi lieu chuyen mdn ve ma tiy - phong ngia ma
tiy hpc dudng;
- Nang cao trdch nhidm, sy quan tam sau sat cua gidp vien, dac biet la
giao vien chu nhiem;
- Thdnh lap phdng tam ly hpc dudng tai mdi tru&ng THPT dd hd trp

chuydn sau ve kien thic vd can thiep kip th&i cde tru&ng hpp hpc sinh cd s i
dung ma tiy trong hpc du&ng;
- Td chttc cdc khda dao tap, tap hudn vd "Ky nang sd'ng phdng chd'ng
ma tiy" dinh ky hdng thang dd trang bi va cung cd nhttng ky nang sd'ng linh
hoat cho hpc sinh nhdm ing phd dupc mdt each hieu qua vdi cac tinh hudng ma
tiy hpc dudng vd tim kidm su hd trp kip thdi;
- Tang cudng phdt hop vdi gia dlnh dd qudn Iy, gido dye va giip do hoc
sinh, dac bidt Id cdc em cd nguy co cao s i dung ma tuy.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Nguydn Ke' Hao (chi bien), Tdm ly hpc Ufa ludi vd tdm ly hoc su pham, NXB Dai
hoc Su pham, 2004.
2. Dao Trong Phic, Dai cuong ve ma liiy. Vien Kiem nghidm - Bd Y le, 2001.
3. Luu Minh Tri, Hiem hpa ma tiiy - nhdn biel vd hanh ddng, NXB VHTT. 2000.

TAPCHl'TAMLtHQCSdl (166), 1-2013

79


4. Nguydn Xuan Thic (chu bien), Tdm ly hoc dai cuang, NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha
NdL2010.
5. Ryoko Yamaguchi, Lloyd D.Johnston, Patrick M. O'Malley, Relationship Between
StiidenI Illicil Drug Use and School Drug - Testing Policies, tr. 159 - 164, Journal of
School Health, April, 2003, Vol. 73, No. 4, 2003.
6. The University of Michiganlnstitute for Social Research (National Institute on Drug
Abuse - National Institutes of Health - U.S. Department of health and human services)
(2011), High School and Youth Trends, tr. 1 - 9, March, 2008.
7. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), (2011),
Children and Drug Abuse, tr. 503
509, Implementation Handbook for the

Convention on the Rights of the Child, April, 2011.

^^

TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1-2013