THU NHAP VA CHI TIEU
CUA CU DAN N O N G THON
TRONG BOI C A N H DO THj HOA
ThS. Dd Thj L6 Hang
Vien Tdm ly hgc.
4
TOM T A T
Bdi viet lap trung vdo vice chi ra thu nhdp vd chi neu c iia cdc hp ddn Irong hoi
cdnh dd tin hda Thu nhdp ciia ngifdi ddn tgi cdc diem khdo sdt cini yeu vdn Id til
ndng nghiep. Mile thu nhdp khdng eao, phdn ldn idc hp ddn ehi tieu hel sd lien thu
nhdp dugc vd khdng cd lien tich luy.
TO khoa: Thu nhdp; Chi lien: Dd ini hda.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 28/11/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng hdi- 25/2/2013.
1. Dat van de
Dd thi hda la mgt qua trinh tit yen cia tidn trinh phit tridn kinh te, xa
hdi cia dit nude. Lan sdng dd thj hda tai Viet Nam xui't hien tO liu, nhtmg nd
thyc sy biing nd vao nhttng nam 2000 eua thd ky XX. Thcri gian diu, dd thj hda
xuit hien d cic viing ven dd thi Idi - Ha Ndi va thinh phd Hd Chi Minh. Ddn
nay dd thi hda md rdng, xui't hien tai hau he't eac tinh thanh trong ca nude. Dd
thj hoa mang lai mdt dien mao mdi eho cie lang que Viet Nam. Dd'i vdi ngudi
ndng din, dd thj hoi dem lai nhOng so thay ddi vd ldi sd'ng, edng viec, nha cOa,
mdi trudng, giio due... nd tao ndn mdt khdng gian dd thj ndng thdn. Khi dd thi
hda xui't hien, dit dai lam ndng nghiep cia nhidu gia dinh bi thu hdi vi cic hd
ndng dan nhan doge cic khoan tien den hi khi IcSn so voi thu nhip cia hg UucSc day.
Bio cao hd trg ky thuat nim 2011 ciia Ngin hang The gidi (trong bao
cio Dinh gia dd thj hda tai Viet Nam) nhin djnh, dd thi hda chOa dyng sy
chuydn ddi vd chuc nang va khdng gian can thidt dd tang cudng va phat tridn
dii ban. Td'c dg va each thOc dd thi hda ludn cd sy lidn he mat thiet vdi tinh luu
dgng cia cac thj tru&ng san xui't vi mOc dg cung ci'p cac djeh vy ed ban. Sy
phit tridn kinh td eua dit nude tao ra mOc do dd thj hda ndn nhihig thay ddi eia
dd thj hay chuyen ddi co ciu kinh td xa hdi tai cac nude eung khic nhau
(World Bank, 2011).
82
TAP CHITAM Ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013
Dinh gii d6i sd'ng kinh td ciia ngudi ndng din trong bdi canh dd thj hda
li didu cin thie't ddi vdi cic nhi nghidn cOu. Bai vidt niy tip trung phan ti'ch
cic kd't qua thu duge tO khao sit thye tidn nhim chi ra cic ngudn thu nhap cua
ngo&i ndng din chu ydu tO dau? Chi tieu cua cae hd gia dinh tap trung nhidu
vao nhttng boat ddng nao trong cudc sd'ng? Tit ci nhung dieu niy dugc xem
xet trong bdi canh dd thj hda dang didn ra tai dia ban khao sat thyc dja.
2. Dja ban, khach the' va phuong phap nghien cifu
Nghidn eOu dugc tidn hinh tren 5 tinh Hi Ngi, Thii Binh, Hud, Cin Tho
vi Long An dai dien eho cae ndng thdn 3 midn Bic, Trung, Nam. Tai mdi tinh
chgn 2 xa vdi td'c dd dd thj hda khdng tuong ddng nhau. Khao sit thye dja dugc
thyc hidn tren 739 hd gia dinh thudc 10 xa vdi 3.503 nhin khiu, trong dd cd
2.226 ngu&i trong dd tudi lao ddng. Mdi ngudi tra Idi dai didn cho hg gia dinh,
Nhung ngodi duoc lya chgn tham gia tra ldi bang hdi nim rd tinh hinh kinh te,
edng vide, thdi quen sinh boat... cia gia dinh cung nhu eia cdng ddng. Dd liy
dugc y kid'n da dang tO nhidu dd'i tugng khic nhau trong edng ddng khao sit,
chung tdi lya chgn miu nghien cOu cd ti'nh den cic khia canh gidi ti'nh, dd tudi,
nghd...
Nghidn eOu su dung bang hdi la cdng cu thu thap thdng tin chi'nh. Ngoai
ra, nhdm nghidn eOu cdn sO dung eac cdng cu thu thap thdng tin khac nhu
phdng vi'n siu, thio luin nhdm nhim mang lai nhung thdng tin da chidu dd giai
thich cho nhOng sd lidu dinh lugng tO bing hdi.
Dgc diem mdu nghien cdu cu the nhu sau:
- Gidi tinh: 49,8% sd ngudi doge hdi la nO gidi vi 50,2% la nam gidi.
Nhdm tudi: Nhttng ngodi dodi 40 tudi chiem 30,7% trong mlu khao
sat. Khoing gin 60% miu nghidn cOu thudc nhdm 40 - 59 tudi, 21,8% thugc
nhdm tO 60 tudi trd len (do phin ldn nhiing ngudi tre tudi di lam an xa).
- Trinh dp hgc vdn: Cd 15,6% trinh do tidu hge, 44,1% trinh do phd
thdng eo sd, sd cdn lai li cd trinh dd tO hgc sinh trung hgc phd thdng trd ldn.
- Nghe nghiep: 71,9% ngudi cho bid't cdng vide hidn tai cia hg li lim
ndng nghiep, sd cdn lai hien dang lim nhttng cdng vide khdng lien quan dd'n
ndng nghidp nhu kinh doanh, lam thud, cin bd cdng chOc...
Ke't qua vd thu nhip vi chi tieu duge tinh toin trdn co sd tien hinh thu
thip cung nhu xO Iy sd lieu nhu sau:
- Ydu ciu ngudi tri l&i liet ke tdng sd tidn hg nhin dugc trong 12 thang
qua. Dd'i vdi ngudi Viet Nam ri't khd khan dd hdi vd thu nhap. Dieu nay hoan
toan dung vdi ngudi ndng dan bdi Ie ngodi ndng din vdi die thu cdng vide nen
cd nhidu khoin thu khic nhau. Do viy, sd lieu thu duge ehi mang ti'nh tuong
TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013
83
ddi vd dd chinh xic so vdi thyc td niy. Dd ban chd didu nay, trong qui trinh
phin ti'ch, chung tdi ed su dung them sd lieu cua Tdng cue Thd'ng ke vd thu
nhip trung binh cia ngudi ndng din.
- Dd cho viec tinh thu nhip va ehi lidu dugc tip trung, chung tdi da loai
cae bidn ngoai lai nhu mtte thu nhip/chi tieu qui thi'p dudi 100 nghin ddng
hoac qua cao ddn 100 trieu ddng.
- Sd lieu lidn quan ddn thu nhip vi chi tidu dugc phin tich theo don vj hd
gia dinh.
3. Thu nhap va chi tieu ciia cu dan nong thon trong bdi ciinh do
thi hda
Khi xem xet mOc dd dd thj hda anh hudng nhu thd nio ddn ddi sdng cia
ngudi ndng din, cin chu y den thu nhip vi chi tieu trung binh cia gia dinh hg.
Sd ueu thu dugc cho thi'y thu nhip trung binh/hd tai eac didm khao sit la
4.562.130 ddng/thing vi mOc chi li 4.584.780 ddng/thang. Cd thd thi'y ngudi
ndng din tai cic didm khio sit cd mtte chi tidu cao hon so vdi mOe thu nhap
khoang 200 nghin ddng/thang. Didu nay eho thay kha nang cd tidn tidt kiem
cia ngudi ndng din trong miu nghidn cOu nay li khdng nhidu.
Kdt qua nghien cOu ettng cho thi'y, thu nhip binh quin cia cac hd gia
dinh tip trung nhidu 6 mOc 3.000.000d/thang. Thu nhip binh quin/thing gitta
cae hd ed khoang each khi chdnh Idch. Cu the cd 23,4% sd hd thu nhip dudi
2.000.000d; 39,8% - thu nhip tO tren 2.0o6.000d den 4.000.000d; 20,6% - thu
nhip to 4.000.000d ddn 6.000.000d; 11,3% thu nhip tO 6.000.000d ddn
lO.OOO.OOOd; 4,8% - cd thu nhip tren lO.OOO.OOOd. Nhttng hg gia dinh cd thu
nhap thi'p li nhung hg ngodi gii, neo don, khdng cd kha ning lam viec, cudc
sd'ng chi ydu phu thugc vio trg cip eua dia phuang, ty eung ty ci'p cic thye
phim eho gia dinh.
NhOng noi dd thi hda manh, thu nhap trung binh cia cic hg ndng dan
cao hon so vdi nhung dd thj yen gan 1,8 trieu ddng/thing. Tuy nhien, mOc chi
trung binh hing thing d nhOng vung khu vyc dd thj hda manh lai thi'p hdn so
vdi noi dd thj ye'u. Sy chenh lech nay khdng cd y nghTa vd mat thd'ng ke, nhung
nd dat ra cho cic nha nghidn cOu tidp tue tim hidu vd co ciu ehi tieu tai 2 khu
vyc vdi mOc do dd thj hda khac nhau.
Xem xet do lech chuin cua trung binh thu nhip theo mOc do dd thj hda
eho thi'y cd sy phin hda tucmg dd'i rd ret trong nhttng vung cd mOc do dd thj
hda manh. Dieu niy dugc hidu li tai nhung vung cd mue do dd thj hda manh,
khoang each thu nhap gitta eie hd Idn hon khoang cich Ihu nhip d vung dd thj
hda yeu. Tuy nhien, khi xem xet trung binh chi tieu cho thi'y co ci'u ehi tieu
giua 2 vung dd thj hda Ii gin tucmg ddng nhau. MOe thu nhip 6 hai vung dd thj
hda li khdng nhu nhau, nhung mOc chi tieu lai tuong ddng nhau cho thi'y trong
TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3-2013
Idi sdng eua ngu&i ndng din, hg khdng mud'n khae biet vdi mgi ngudi xung
quanh. Ldi sd'ng niy hoin loan khic vdi ldi sdng cia ngudi dd thj - ludn thd
hidn sy ndi trdi vcfri nhiing ngucri xung quanh.
Bdng 1: Thu nhgp trung binh vd chi lieu trung binh hdng thdng
ciia ede hp ddn trong khu vuc dd thi hda
MOc do thi
hoa (DTH)
Thu nhap trung
binh ciia gia dinh/
thing
(ddng)
Do lech
ehuan
(DLC)
(ddng)
Chi trung binh
cua gia dinh/
thing
(ddng)
Do lech
ehuan
(DLC)
(ddng)
Chung
4.S62.130
3.727.S68
4.584.780
3.352.836
DTH manh
4.676.120
4.294.281
4532.510
3.416.165
DTH ye'u
4.497.300
3.367.056
4.617.800
3.316.414
- Trung binh cua long thu nhdp Id long sd lien thu dugc cda hd Irong tiidng chia cho long sd'
ngudi trd Idt:
• Trung binh cua ldng chi lieu la trung binh cua tdng sd lien dd chi trong thdng chia cho long
sd ngudi trd ldi cd chi d bdt ciimuc ndo.
Thu nhip trung binh theo diu ngudi la 1.073.626 ddng/ngu&i/thing vdi
dd lech ehuin li 1.056.139 ddng/ngu&i/thing. Ke't qui nay tuong ducmg vdi sd
lieu cua Tdng Cue Thdng Ke, theo dd, thu nhip binh quin diu ngudi d cie
vung ndng thdn khoang 1.070.000 ddng/ngu&i/thing (Theo Tdng Cyc Thd'ng
Ke, 2010).
Trong nghien eihi niy, 50% sd hd din cd mOc thu nhip trung binh dudi
800.000 ddng/ngu6i/thing. Vdi con sd niy, chung ta thi'y thu nhip binh quan
diu ngudi trong miu nghidn cihi cao hdn nhidu so vdi mOc ngheo va can ngheo
theo Chuin ngheo mdi ap dung cho giai doan 2011 - 2015. Theo dd, d khu vyc
ndng thdn, nhung hd cd thu nhap binh quin tO 400.000 ddng/ngodi/thang trd
xudng vi 0 khu vuc thinh thj, mOc thu nhip binh quin tO 500.000
ddng/ngu&i/thing trd xudng dugc xem la hd ngheo; Hd cin ngheo la nhflng hd
cd mOc thu nhip binh quin tO 401.000 ddng dd'n 520.000 ddng/ngu&i/thing
(khu vyc ndng thdn) va ttt 501.000 ddng dd'n 650.000 ddng/ngudi/thang ddi vdi
khu vyc thanh thj.
Tuy nhieu, ndu chung ta coi nhttng didm nghien cOu niy li ndng thdn thi
cd khoing 18,2% hd din cd mOc thu nhip tO 400.000d/ngudi/thing trd xud'ng
thude hd ngheo va 9,6% hd cin ngheo. Ngugc lai, neu cot cic dia bin niy li
thinh thi, thi khoang 27,8% hd din hd thude dien ngheo vi 19,8% hg gia dinh
thudc dien cin ngheo.
TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013
85
Cich nhin nay cho chung ta thi'y nhOng ngudi dan trong cic khu vuc dd
thi hda rit cd thd se ddi mat vdi viec hg se la nhttng hd ngheo thanh thi.
Bdng 2: Thu nhgp vd ehi lieu hdng thdng theo dia bdn nghien cdu
Thu nhap binh quan ngudi
. theo thiing
Trung binh chi lieu hO gia
dinh theo thang
Thu nhap trung binh cia hd
gia dinh theo Ihang
Tinh
SO luong
Trung binh
DLC
Ha Tay
114
981.5466
675.688
Thai Binh
130
1.125.678
1.040.682
Hud
145
1248.054
1.510.654
Cin Tho
121
970.941
1.029.526
Long An
121
1.001.479
638.515
Tdng
631
1.074.271
1.056.852
2.130.563
Ha Tay
113
3.979.730
Thai Binh
131
4.377.020
3.066.670
Hue'
136
5.453.680
4.487.585
CSnTho
102
4.379.360
3.567.919
Long An
124
4571.900
2.739.244
Tdng
606
4.584.840
3.355.605
HaTSy
114
4176.320
2.845.779
Thai Binh
131
3.951.150
3.141.108
Hue
149
5.537.580
4.959.205
CSnTho
122
4664.750
3.980.031
Long An
123
4.291.540
2.725.311
Tdng
639
4.563.000
3.730 421
Ghi chu: Thu nhdp trung binh ngudilthdng = Thu nhdp Irung binh hdllhdng chia cho sd ngudi
trong hp gia dinh.
MOe do dd thi hda it nhidu ed anh hudng de'n thu nhip cua ngucri din tai
khu vye dd. Thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi d nhttng khu vyc dd thi hda manh la
1.145.945 tridu ddng/thing, DLC = 1.129.886 trieu ddng/thing, cao hem so vdi
khu vuc ed mOc dd dd thj hda thi'p (1.033.646 trieu ddng/thang, DLC =
1.012.290 tridu ddng/thing). Sy chenh Idch thu nhip giua 2 nhdm din cu niy
khdng nhidu, nhung cd y nghTa vd mat thd'ng ke (p = 0,00001).
TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3-2013
Khi so sinh mOc thu nhip theo dja ban nghien cOu, kdt qua thu duge cho
thiy Hud la noi cd thu nhip binh quan theo thing cung nhu theo diu ngu&i
uong hd gia dinh cao hon so vdi 4 khu vye edn lai. Dac biet cao hon Thii Binh
gin 1,5 trieu ddng/thing. Khic biet niy ed thd do tai thdi didm khio sat, ngucri
din Hud dang trong qua trinh nhin tidn ddn h i di't. Hg coi tidn ddn bu di't li 1
khoan thu nhip, didu nay lam thu nhap va chi tidu cua ngudi din tai diy cao
hon ding kd so vdi cic khu vye con lai.
Bdng 3: Nghe nghidp vdi thu nhgp vd chi tieu ciia ngudi ddn
trong khu vuc dd thi hda
Nghe
Thu nhap trung binh
ciia gia dinh
Thu nhap
DLC
(dong)
trung binh
(ddng)
Chi trung binh
cua gia dinh
Thu nhap
DLC
trung binh
(dong)
(ddng)
NOng nghiep
4.071.680
3.209.940
4.006.020
2.540.709
Nghd phu
6.305.560
6.797.791
6.090.590
6.255.503
BuOn ban vat
4.029.170
4.630.004
4815.910
4.559.304
Kinh doanh
7.566.670
5.095.049
6.467.860
3.180.204
Lam thue 6n dinh
6.687.500
4.712.730
4.925.000
2.824131
Lam thue khOng dn dinh
4.700.000
4933.927
4.731.820
5.175.049
Dich vu
6.750.000
4596.194
7.175.000
5.409.367
Can bo nha nude
5.667.500
3.487.515
6.494.640
3.523.720
Khac
5.656.760
3.480.465
5.520.290
3.275.807
Co su khac nhau gitta mOc thu nhip vi mOc ehi tidu cua cie hg din theo
nghd chi'nh cua ngu&i tra ldi. Lim ndng nghiep, budn bin vit vi Iim thud
khdng dn dinh Ii nhOng cdng vide mang lai thu nhip thi'p hdn so vdi nhung
cdng vide khic. Thu nhip trung binh cua ba nghe niy khoing 4 trieu ddng/
thing, frong khi cic edng vide eon lai nhu Iim nghd phu, kinh doanh, cin bd
in luong nhi nude... mang ddn mOc thu nhip eao hon. Sy khac biet vd thu nhip
giua eac nghe mang y nghTa thd'ng kd p = 0,00001.
MOc chi cua eac hd din theo tinh chi't cdng viec eung khic biet cd y
nghTa p = 0,00001. Vdi nh'ong ngo&i cd thu nhip thi'p tO nhttng cdng viee lam
ndng nghiep, budn ban vit va lim thud khdng dn dinh, mtte chi gin vdi mOc
thu nhip. Su khic biet vd mOc thu nhap theo nghd nghidp d day phan nao phan
TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013
87
inh xa hdi dang dat trgng vio nhOng cdng viec kinh doanh budn bin. Trong khi
dd, Viet Nam la mdt di't node cd ldi thd vd ndng nghidp, nhung hidn nay vide
phat tridn ndng nghiep tai Vidt Nam dang gap nhidu lung tung.
Khi dd eip de'n Tdi sdn mem cua Viet Nam (httv:lllitunvieiiiam.nell
20I2-()9-2H-tai-san-mctn-eua-vict-tiain). TS. Alanh Phan (2012) cho ring Viet
Nam cd thd din diu cic nude trong khu vyc ASEAN ndu bid't phat tridn ddng
bd ndng nghidp vi cdng nghe thdng tin. Didu dng mudn dd cip d diy la Viet
Nam cin phat tridn ndng nghiep edng nghe cao dd tao ra nhung san phim sach,
an loan eho tieu dung dam bao chi't lugng do qudc tc quy djnh. Vide so dung
cdng nghe thdng tin vi tri thOe tre dd quing bi chit ludng se tao ra bd mat miii
cho ndng thdn Viet Nam.
Bang sd lieu dudi diy cho ching ta thi'y cu thd cic khoin chi trong thing
cia cic hd gia dinh.
Bdng 4: Cde khodn chi trung binh I Ihdng trong gia dinh
Sdluong
Trung binh cac
khoiin chi theo
thang (ddng)
DLC
(ddng)
An udng
580
2.006.290
1 384.100
1
Sinh hoai phi
566
402.610
371.875
7
Hoc tap
438
1.162.440
1.176.867
2
Vui choi giai tri
194
391.570
524 798
9
SOc kh(3e
475
393.280
400.908
8
Ddng gdp cho cOng ddng
474
426,820
419.746
6
Mua sam
373
507.910
511.439
5
Tift kiem
144
1.131.940
1.512.554
3
Khac
76
752.500
1.256.841
4
ThO bac
chi tieu
Ghi chit. Trung binh chi d cdc ngi dung chi cu the Id Irung binh chi ctia sd ngudi trd ltd co chi
cho npi dung do
- Khoan chi cia cae hg dan trong miu nghien cOu tip trung nhidu nhi't
vao 2 khoan an udng vi giio due. Cd thd thi'y chi tieu cua cic hd din vin la
phuc vu nhu ciu thidt ydu eho gia dinh. Ndu edng ea sinh boat phi vi an udng
cia cic hd gia dinh lai, thi ti le chi cho nhu ciu thidt ydu phuc vu sinh boat cia
gia dinh chidm gin 60% tren tdng thu nhip trung binh cua hd, chi tieu cho giao
due ehie'm 33%. Trong mgt nghien ettu cua Ngin hang Thd gidi nam 2008 vd
TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3-2013
Chuang trinh so sinh Qude td da ehia ehi tieu ca nhan trdn loan ciu thinh 11
nhdm chi. Tap chi Forbes da trich ra mdt bOc tranh vd sy phin cip tieu dung
nay tai 18 nude, trong dd phin bd chi tidu ei nhin cia ngudi dan Vidt Nam cho
cie phin chi bit budc nhu ciu td'i thidu (in udng, sinh hoat phi va tidu dung
cho quin io, giiy ddp) chidm khoang 50% tieu ding ea nhin, trong khi dd, cic
nude phat tridn la 25% (My), 35% (Nhit), 33% (Phin Lan, tJc) (din theo Phan
Thj Mai Huong, Vien Tim ly hgc, 2012).
- Khoan chi it nhi't mi cic hd gia dinh sO dung la chi eho cic boat ddng
vui chdi giii trt, trung binh Ii 391.570d. Dd lech chuin trong khoan ehi vui
ehoi giai trt cho thi'y cd so phin hda trong ehi tieu eho hoat ddng niy, cd nhung
ngudi khdng chi tidn cho boat ddng niy, hay ndi cich khae, hoat ddng vui chdi
giai trt khdng nim trong ke hoach chi tidu hang thing cia mdt sd hd eu din
ndng thdn trong bd'i canh dd thj hda.
Bdng 5: Ti le cdc khodn ehi tieu so vdi trung binh thu nhdp
Sdluong
Ti le (%)
An udng
550
0,5260
DLC (%)
0,31018 •
Sinh hoat phi
538
0,1069
0,09536
Giao due
418
0,3314
0,41238
Vui choi giai Iri
186
0,0760
0,08840
SOc khde
452
0,1097
0,12133
Ddng gdp cOng ddng
450
0,1158
0,12154
Mua sdm
356
0,1228
0,14292
Tidl kiem
139
0,1530
0,13848
Khac
70
0,1167
0,11896
Ghi dm: Ti le chi d cdc ndi dung chi cu the so vdi thu nhdp trung bmh cda hp gia dinh.
- Ti Ie ngu&i cho ring gia dinh hg cd dd dinh tidn tidt kidm ttt thu nhap
cia gia dinh chi chiem 1/4 (24%) miu nghien cOu, vdi mOc tidn tidt kidm trung
binh khoang 1,1 trieu ddng/thing. Sd tidn tidt kiem trung binh ehi tinh rieng
eho nhttng nhttng hd cd khoan ehi niy, cdn nhttng bd khdng cd khoan chi niy
thi khdng dua vio phin ti'ch. Gii tri dd lech chuin tidn tiet kiem eho thiy, cd sy
khae biet khi 16n gitta cic hd gia dinh trong viec dd danh tidn tidt kiem. Cd
nhttng ngudi dd danh duge rit nhidu nhung cd nhttng ngu&i dd danh dugc ri't It.
TAP CHi TAM ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013
Kdt qua nghien cOu khdng cho thiy cd su khac biet ed y nghTa thdng ke
vd chi tieu gitta cac nhdm theo cic tieu cht nhu nghd chi'nh eua gia dinh, mOe
dd dd thj hda.
Bdng 6: Cde khodn chi theo mice dp dd thi hda
DTD manh
DLC
•So
Trung binh
(ddng)
cac khoan Immg
chi theo
thang
(ddng)
DTH yeu
Sd
Trung
luong
binh cac
khoiin chi
theo thang
(ddng)
359
DLC
(ddng)
An udng
1.892.530
221
1.196.700 2.076.320
Sinh hoat phi
404 540
216
458.155
401.41
350
1.485.055
307.515
Hoc tap
1.182.840
169
1.143.877
1.149.630
269
1.199.062
Vui choi giai tri
367.920
77
433.670
407.140
117
578.270
SOc khoe
441.900
179
477.268
363.890
296
344.251
Ddng gdp cho cOng ddng
420,410
184
437.250
430.900
290
408.968
Mua sam
561,330
150
660.032
471.970
223
377,744
Tiei kiem
1 021.000
70
1.753.077
1.106.390
83
1.234.914
Khac
507.740
31
647.424
921.110
45
1.528.238
Ghi chii: - Trung btnh chi d cdc npi dung chi cu the Id trung binh chi ctia sd ngudi cd chi cho
not dung dd:
- Trung binh cua long chi lieu la trung btnh cda ldng sdtten ddchi trong ihdng chia cho tdng
so ngudi lid ldi cd chi d bdi ctf muc ndo.
Ttt nhttng phin ti'eh tren diy, cd thd rut ra vai didm die trung trong thu
nhip vi ehi tidu tien eia ngudi din ndng thdn trong bdi canh dd thj hda. Khi dd
thj hda didn ra, thu nhap cua ngudi din trong dja bin cia nghien cttu niy kha
da dang, ddn tO nhidu ngudn khic nhau. Thu nhip binh quan ngudi theo thing
tuang duong sd lieu thdng ke eia Tdng cue Thd'ng ke 2010 vd mOc thu nhip
vung ndng thdn, nhung mOc chi tieu theo mOc cua dd thj. Vdi mOc thu nhip va
mOc ehi tieu trong cic gia dinh thudc dien khao sat, hg cd nguy co trd thanh
nhttng hd ngheo cua dd thj. Vi didu niy tao ra khoang cich trong thu nhip gitta
cic hd din ngiy cang eao.
MOe thu nhip thi'p, ndn cic hd gia dinh tho&ng chi tieu he't hoac nhidu
hon so vdi thu nhip cia hg. Do viy, ti le ngu&i ed tien tie't kidm khdng nhidu.
90
TAP CHITAM Ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013
Dd d6i sd'ng cua ngucii ndng din trong bdi canh dd thj hda dugc nang
cao va dn dinh, doi hdi cac cip, cie nganh tO dja phoong ddn trung uong cin cd
chidn luge tao nghd bdn vttng eho ngu&i ndng din khi budc vao dd thj hda.
Chii thi'ch
Bai vidt niy la mdt phin trong kd't qua nghidn cttu cua dd tai "Ddc diem ldm ly xd hdi
cua cpng ddng citddn ndng thdn trong bdi cdnh dd tin hda" do tac gia cung vdi nhdm
nghidn cOu cua PGS.TS. Phan Thi Mai Huong tidn hinh.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Toan bd sd lidu dugc sO dung bai vidt nay dugc liy tO dd tai Nghien ciru ldm ly xd
hpi cda citddn ndng thdn trong bdi cdnh dd thi hda do PGS.TS. Phan Thi Mai Huong,
TS. Ld van Hao, ThS. Dd Thi Ld Hang va nhttng ngudi khac tien hanh nam 2011 2012.
2. Vidn Tam ly hge, Bao cao tdng kd't dd tai cap Bd: Dgo ddc Idi sdng thanh nien hien
nay, Dd tai dugc thuc hidn bdi TS. Nguydn Thi Hoa, ThS. Dd Thi Ld Hing, PGS.TS.
Phan Thi Mai Huong, ThS. Td Thuy Hanh va Ld Thi Thu Hien, 20i2.
3. Chi thi sd 1752/Cr-TTg ngay 21 - 9 - 2010 cua Thu tudng Chinh phii vd Chuin
ngheo mdi ap dung cho giai doan 2011 - 2015.
4. Ngan hang thd gidi, Bdo cdo dd thi hda d Viet Nam, Bio cao hd trg ky thuat, thang
11/2011.
5. TrSn Kidu, Vu Trgng Ry, Ha Nhat Thang, Luu Thu Thuy, Thuc trgng vd gidi phdp
gido due dgo difc, tu tifdng chinh tri, Idi sdng cho thanh nien hgc sinh, sinh vien Iro
chie'n luge phdt trien todn dien con ngifdi Viet Nam thdi ky cdng nghiep hda, hien d
hda ddt nude, NXB Van boa - Thdng tin. Ha Ndi, 2001, tr. 10.
TAP CHiTAM ly HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013
91