Cách mạng công nghiệp 4 0 và thách thức đối với thư viện việt nam

„3i

CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP 4.0
VA THACH THLTC OOI VOI THU" VIEN VIET NAM
Do V i n Hung
TrUcfng Oai hpc KHXHNV, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi
Tom tat:
Bai viet pfian tich nhdhg tac dong cua cuoc each mang cong nghiep 4.0 i'a qua trinh chuyen ddi so den
cac Unh vUc cua ddi song xa hpi, trong dd co tha vien. Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 vdi nhutig cong nghe
tien tien dang lam thay do) can ban phifdng thu'c td chut hoat dong cua thU vien, dong thdi cung dSt ra
nhOhg thach th&cva yiu cau dot mdi doi vdi nganh thU vien Viet Nam di'thu'c hien tdt sd menh cua minh
trong viec chuyen giao tri thu'c va thuc day ddi mdi sang tao.
Til'khoa: Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0, thach thiic, thu" vien, Viet Nam.
Abstract:
TTie articte analyzes the effects of the industrial revolution t.O and the process of digital transformation
on areas of social life. Including library sector. The Industrial revolution 4.0 with advancedtechnologieshas
been fundamentally changing methods of organizing the library's operation, at the same time, it poses challenges and requirements for innovation of the Vietnamese library sector to well fulfill its mission In transferring knowledge and promoting innovation.
Key words: Industrial revolution 4.0, challenges, libraries, Viet Nam.
1. Tac dong cua each mang cong nghiep
4.0 t6i cac nganh nghe va viec lam
"Nhin chung den nam 2020, hOn mpt phan ba
cac ky nang cot loj ran thiet cua hau het cac
nganh nghe se la cac ky nang chi/a dUOc coi la
quan trong doi v6i cong viec cua ngay hom nay"
[27]. Day chinh la dtf doan trong bao cao nam
2016 cua Dien dan Kmh te The gi6i ve ti/dng lai
viec lam trong cuoc each mang cong nghiep lan
thir' 4 (CMCN 4.0). Tai dien dan nay lanh dao til
cac ITnh vuc khoa hoc va cong nghe, kinh doanh,
y te, giao due, chinh phu, truyen thong va nhieu
linh VLTC khac da chinh thu'c ban ve CMCN 4.0,

nhu'ng anh hu'dng cua no doi vdi kinh te xa iioi
toan cau. Trong do nhan manh den viec phat trien
nen kinh te so boi canh CMCN 4.0. Trong nen kinh
te nay, robot, tri tue nhan tao, dien toan dam
may, diJ lieu I6n va sy" ket hdp giu'a cac cong nghe
tao ra mot cd hoi mdi cho viec doi mdi toan dien
va sau sac cuoc song cua chung ta. Nhieu nganh
nghe mdi ra ddi ben canh do nhieu cong viec se

TaDchiTHI/VllN"

bj anh hu'dng va thay the bdi cong nghe va may
mdc, nguy cd that nghiep se xay ra tren dien
rong.

Bieu dd 1: Lao ddng bi anh hu'dng bdi chuyen doi so
va tu' dong hoa
Bao cao To chdc Lao dong Quoc te (ILO) nam
2016 ve anh hu'dng cua chuyen doi so va ti/dong
hoa cua CMCN 4.0 doi vdi cd cau viec lam tai
ASEAN cho thay khu vu'c nay se bj tac dpng
manh. Theo bao cao nay, Viet Nam la quoc gia co
nguy cd cao nhat trong khoi ASEAN se bi anh
hu'dng bdi qua trinh chuyen do! so va t i / dong

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hoa trong vai thap ky tcfi, vdl khoang 70% cong
viec se du'dc tu dpng hoa, dong nghTa vdl viec

con ngu'di bj thay the bdi may moc. Bao cao du^
ra 3 ket luan dang chu y: 3/5 cac cong viec se b|
may tinh/ tu" dpng hoa trong vai thap ky tdi; cong
nghe se lam thay doi can ban nganh san xuat va
dich vu; Phu nJJ, cong nhan tay nghe thap (it
du'dc dao tao) va nhDtig cong nhan lam viec d
cac nganh nghe cd lu'dng thap se bj anh hu'dng
nang nhat.
Doi vdi Viet Nam, nganh san xuat thyc pham
va do uong cd ty le du'dc td dpng hoa la 68%,
nganh may mac la 85%, nganh lien quan den
may tinh va dien td 74%, nganh ban le la 68%,
trong khi dd khach san va ngan hang lan lu'dt la
4 1 % va 43%. Nhin chung toan nganh san xuat
mu'c dp ty dong hoa la 75%, con so nay cua ifnh
vdc djch vu la 33%. So lieu nay cho thay CMCN
4.0 da tac dpng sau rong va tnic tiep tat ca cac
ITnh vu'c, d mat tich ci/c nd lam t^ng nang suat
lao dpng, hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh, nhung
ben canh dd cac chfnh phu phai doi mat vdt mot
thyc te do la may mdc se lay mat viec cua con
ngu'di. Do vay tai cau true, doi mdi va giai quyet
bai toan nhan lyc chat lupng cao la nhung nhiem
vu du tien hang dau trong boi canh CMCN 4.0.
Chinh phu Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua da co
nhiJng budc di tich cUc chuan bj cho nen kmh te
so bang viec bat tay xay dyng he sinh thai so ty
chinh sach den hoat dgng dieu hanh cua Chinh
phu, tdi cac linh vyc san xuat va djch vu. Cac
hoat dpng nhu' chinh phii dien tii. djch vu cong

tryc tuyen, thydng mai dien td, tri thdc so, nong
nghiep thong minh, dap tao tryc tuyen... dang
dydc trien khai tich cyc. Dd la quyet tam xay
dyng mpt Chinh phu dien td vdi viec so hoa va
trien khai djch vu cong tryc tuyen t y trung Udng
den dia phu'dng [5]. Ngay 12/3/2019, Van phdng
Chinh phu da chinh thdc khai trUdng True lien
thong van ban Quoc gia, bu'dc dau cho qua trinh
chuyen doi sd va tien de cho mpt Chinh phu
khong giay td [6]. Trong do, cac van ban so dydc
ky tru'c tiep bang chQ' ky dien td va dddc chuyen
den cac dia phydng va cd quan ban, nganh chi
tfnh bSng phut thay vi bang ngay hoac tuan nhy
trydc kia. Trong no lyc xay duTig mpt he sinh thai

tri thdc md cua rieng ngddi Viet, Bp Khoa hoc va
Cong nghe da chu tri xay dutig He tri thdc Viet so
hoa, vdi muc tieu "Chia se tn thdc - Co viJ sang
tao - Ket noi cpng dong - Vi tu'dng lai Viet Nam".
Cd the thay t d djch vu cong den cac hoat dpng
san xuat kinh doanh dang tung bddc xay dyTig
tren nen tang so. Vf du nhy cac dich vu cd ban
khai bao thue, tra tien dien nydc, tra lu'dng, bao
hiem, giay khai smh... da du'dc trien khai tryc
tuyen, Viet Nam la mot trong nhiing quoc gia cd
toe do tang trddng ve sd dung Internet nhanh
nhat the gidi, nam 2019 da dat 64 trieu ngddi
diing (tydng dddng 66% dan so) tang khoang
25% so vdi nam 2017 [25]. Theo Hiep hpi thddng
mai dien td Viet Nam (VECOM), tang trddng

thddng mai dien tii cua Viet Nam giai doan 2018
- 2025 la 25%,
Vdl viec dat muc tieu phat trien nen kinh te tri
thdc (nen kinh te thong tin) thi giao dye, dao tao
la van de can chu trong hang dau. De dap irtig
nhu cau ve phat trien giao due, mo hinh dao tao
tryc tuyen (E-Learning) la xu the tat yeu trong
moi trddng so va van vat ket noi (loT). Cac nguon
tai nguyen giao due md (OER), cac khoa hpc md
(pOtJ), khoa tryc truyen danh cho nhieu ngydi
tham gia (MOOC), hay cac khoa hpc tap trung
cho mot nhdm doi tddng vdi nhu eau cu the
(SPOC), hoac lay bang chinh quy tryc tuyen dang
du'dc trien khai tai Viet Nam.
Nhy vay, cd the thay nen kmh te the gidi va
Viet Nam dang cd sd chuyen bien manh me sang
nen kinh te so. Trong boi canh dd, nganh thy vien
Viet Nam khong tranh khdi nhting tac dpng tich
cyc va tieu cu'c td cuoc each mang so va ty dpng
hoa. Dac biet nganh thy vien la nganh thydng
sdm dydc dng dung nhiing thanh tyu khoa hpc
cong nghe hien dai trong viee thu thap, xd ly, to
chdc va phan phoi thong tin.
Vay cuoc CMCN 4.0 cd nhuTig tien bo cong
nghe nao ed the anh hddng den nganh thd vien?
Thd vien Viet Nam dang trong qua trinh chuyen
doi so se phai doi mat vdi nhiJVig thach thdc nao?
2. Cong nghe ciia each mang 4.0 va uTng
dung trong ngdnh thu* vien

CMCN 4.0 dddc eoi la ket qua cua sy hpi tu
nhuYig cong nghe noi bat trong hoat dong san
xuat va dich vu. Nhting eong nghe nhy robot ty
dong, trf tue nhan tao, dien toan dam may, dff
lieu Idn, dti' lieu lien ket, may in 3D, cong nghe
sinh hpc, van vat ket noi... dang lam thay doi each
con ngydi song, lam viec va hoc tap. May mdc va
con ngydi dydc ket noi vdi nhau,
Bai toan quan trj thong tin dddc dat ra trong
boi eanh eua CMCN 4.0 se co 3 yeu to can ban:
dff lieu ldn, he thong thong tin va tri tue nhan
tao. Dff lieu phat smh ngay eang nhieu va trd
thanh nguon tai nguyen quan trpng, can phai cd
mpt he thong thong tin toi ud de thu thap, to
chdc va xd ly ehung, he thong nay can dng dung
tri tue nhan tao de phat huy va khai thac het tiem
nang cua dff lieu Idn.

..,. Q ^

hpc thi dff lieu ddng vai trd trung tam, ia yeu to
then chot de phat trien cac cong nghe khac. Khong
cd dff lieu thi may khong the hoe, khong ed dff
lieu thi eae he thong thong minh khong the phat
huy tac dung vi khong co tri thdc, tdc la thieu dff
lieu dau vao tao ra tri tue nhan tao cho mpt he
thong thong minh - may ty hpc. Mpt trong nhOhg
ed sd de khai thae va thiic day phat trien dff lieu
ldn dd la truy cap md den nguon tai nguyen (open

access) va dff lieu md lien ket (linked open data),
ca hai van de nay deu cd the thuc day bdi sy tham
gia ciia thy vien.
Cd the khang dmh den thdi diem hien tai, hau
het cac thong tin/ dff lieu dffdc sinh ra dydi dang
so (born-digital) va chung ta dang chdng kien sy
biing no ciia thong tin vdi lu'dng thong tin khong
lo dang dydc tao ra hang ngay (Hinh 2). Moi ngay
cd 2.5 Exabytes dff lieu dydc tao ra, tydng dddng
gap 250.000 lan do Idn ciia Thd vien Quoc hoi
Hoa Ky [13]. Do vay viec Ida ehpn thong tin phii
hdp, hay khai thac dff lieu (data mining) trong
bien thong tin nay thyc sy la thach thdc doi vdi
moi ca nhan va to chdc.

Hinh 1: Cac cong nghe danh cho CI^CN 4.0 [20]

NhuTig eong nghe noi bat ciia CMCN 4.0 cd the
anh hddng trdc tiep den sy phat trien eua nganh
thd vien trong tddng lai gan. Thyc te nhieu cong
nghe da dydc cac thy vien ap dung.
2.1. Dit Ueu Idn va npi dung s6'
Dy lieu Idn (Big data) la cae tap dff lieu cdc Idn
(cd the td hang terabytes tdi nhieu petabytes dff
lieu) va phdc tap ma eac dng dung xd ly dff lieu
truyen thong khong the thu thap, hien thi, quan
ly va xd ly dff lieu trong mpt thdi gian eo the chiip
nhan dddc. Dff lieu Idn dddc xac djnh tren 4 dac
tryng do la Volume (Dung Iddng), Variety (Tfnh
da dang), Velocity (Toe dp) va Veracity (Tfnh xac

thdc). Dff lieu Idn ed the dddc phan tfch, tinh toan
de tiet Ip cae mo hinh, xu hffdng va lien kit, dac
biet lien quan den hanh vi va tu'dng tac ciia eon
ngddi. Trong boi eanh eua tff dpng hoa va may

Tap chf THI/VTgw VIET NA

Hinh 2: Tang trUdng tai nguyen so
va nang lUc Idu triT thong tin toan cau [10]

Dff lieu Idn dang trd thanh mdt viin de noi bat
d rift nhieu linh vdc khac nhau va nhan dddc sd
quan tam dac biet ca trong nghien ciru va img dung.
Cae nha nghien cud trong ITnh vye khoa hpc thd
vien va thong tin deu cho rang dff lieu ldn dang
mang lai cd hpi ldn cho thy vien trong doi mdi
sang tao. Liu va Shen (2018) cho rang dff lieu Idn
giup cho thd vien thong minh hdn va than thien
hdn vdi ngddi diing bang viec eung eiip cac djch
VU thong mmh va ca nhan hoa [15]. Thd vien cd

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the phan dff lieu Idn thanh 2 nhdm: bien muc va
xd ly. Dff lieu Idn trong thu' vien bao gom tai
nguyen thong tin va dff lieu phai sinh trong qua
trinh hoat dpng eiia thd vien thong qua viec cung
cap djch vu eho ngu'di dimg. Nhdm tai nguyen
thong tin se bao gom cac bieu ghi thy muc, cac

dff lieu do thu vien tao ra, trong khi do dff lieu
phai sinh se ed td sy tUdng tac ciia ngydi dimg
trong qua trinh sd dung cac djch vu cua thu' vien.

tin cua bp su\j tap, cae yeu eau dac biet va cd lien
quan cua ngddi dung, phan tfch cac van de phat
sinh trong qua trinh phuc vu va tim kiem cae giai
phap toi ud cho thy vien.

Ifi

153 £:'
Hinh 4: dng dung RRD Uong thU vien
He thong RFID dydc coi la giai phap quan ly
cac tai lieu giay hieu qua trong giai doan hien nay.
Hinh 3: Mo hinh quan tri thu' vien va doi mdi sang tao
trong ky nguyen dO'lieu Idn [15]
Cong nghe nay la cd sd de cac thd vien xay ddng
he thong ty dpng thong mmh trong viee quan ly
Viec phan tieh dff lieu tdn thy vien se ho trd
va to chdc kho, mdcin tra ty dpng, thong ke bao
doi mdi sang tao thy vien so. Thong qua phan
cao ngydi dung, trien khai he thong an ninh trong
tich dff lieu Idn ve thdi quen hanh vi ciia ngydi
thy vien, hieu qua cong viec tang len hang ehuc,
dimg, thd vien se tang cUdng trai nghiem va lam
tham chf hang tram lan so vdi sd dung con ngddi
thoa man nhu cau thong tin cua ho hdn. Tren cd
[22].
sd dd giup eac thd vien cung cap cac san pham

Dai hpc Missouri-Kansas City da sd dyng he
va dich vu cd tinh canh tranh va chi phi thap nhat.
thdng robot thong mmh trong viec Idu trff, tim
2.2. Robots RFID va tt/dgng hoa thif vien
kiem va truy hoi tai lieu trong thd vien. Sd dung
robot thy vien cd the tiet kiem dddc 7 lan dien
Thy vien la mdt trong nhutig iinh vUe dddc
tfch kho so vdi bai tri thdng thudng. Thd vien tao
dng dung sdm cac thanh tyu khoa hpc va cong
ra nhieu khong gian sang tao, thoai mai va linh
nghe. Cong nghe ket noi ciing vdi robot ty dpng
hoat cho sinh vien va giang vien thong qua iiYig
dang dUde ap dung vao thy vien vdi hai muc tieu:
dung eong nghe tien tien. Viec lify saeh va tra saeh
(1) ty dpng hoa hoat dpng chuyen mon ciia thU
deu do robot t y dpng thyc hien mpt each chinh
vien vdi viec uhg dung he thong day chuyen t y
xac, tiet kiem tdi da thdi gian cho ngUdi dung tai
dpng to chdc kho tai lieu va phuc vu ngydi diing
thy vien nay.
den cac cong nghe kiem soat ngu'di diing va tdi
yu hoa dieh vu trong thy vien; (2) bien thd vien
O mpt khfa canh khac, sd dung robot de ho trd
thanh khong gian sang tao hpc tap thong qua
hge tap trong thy vien cting da dydc trien khai.
viec du'a vao sy dung nhiJng cdng nghe mdi nhu
Thang 9/2014, Thy vien Westport (Hoa Ky) lan dau
robot tri tue nhan tao, may in 3D.
tien tnen khai 2 robot vdi tri tue nhan tao la Nancy
Cong nghe nhan dang tan so vo tuyen (RFID)

va Vincent de ho trd sinh vien trong hpc lap trinh
dang dydc sd dung rpng rai d nhieu ITnh vyc
may tfnh [26]. Cae robot nay cd the thyc hien eac
trong dd cd nganh thd vien. Cong nghe nay dypc
yeu cau, nhan dang khudn mat, thyc hien cac cupe
sd dyng de tim kiem va chi chd tai lieu/ thiet bi
hpi thoai, di chuyen, da bdng va khieu vu. Chiing
trong thy vien; do ludng mdc dp truy cap va sd
dddc sd dung de thyc hanh phat trien cac dng
dung tai lieu trong thd vien; xae d|nh cac thong
dung phan mem dieu khien eac robot lam viec vdi


con nqdiii.
Cd the thay trien khai uYig dung cac cdng nghe
hien dai de ty dpng hoa thy vien dang la xu the
tat yeu. Dieu nay dat ra cho eac thy vien Viet Nam
trong viec utig dung eac cong nghe mdi cung nhy
dao tao con ngffdi de ap dyng va kiem soat dydc
cong nghe nay.
2.3. Giao tiep may vdi may va van vat ket

Trong moi tru'dng so thi ket noi giffa ngffdi va
may cting nhu' gitia may vdi may (M2M) la yeu
eau bat buoc. Van vat ket noi la mot mang Iffdi
cac thiet bi sd dung hang ngay dddc trang bj cac
vi xd ly va cam bien ket noi lai vdi nhau cd the thu
thap va truyen dff lieu thong qua mang Internet.
Ndi mpt each khac loT bao gom: thiet bi dddc
trang bj bo vi xff ly va cam bien vdi dff lieu trang

web dffdc ket noi, cd he thong thu thap dff lieu,
phan tfch cimg giao dien ngffcfi dung than thien
(Hinh 5). Cong ty Cisco dy doan se ed 50 ty thiet
bi cd ket noi Intemet den cuoi nam 2020 [9].

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cdng het nai

FHin Iich

Hinh 5: Cac ^anh phan cd ban cualoT [19]
loT ket hdp vdi he thong phan mem thong
minh dddc ffng dung rpng rai trong nhieu ITnh vdc
nhy: nong nghiep thong minh, djnh vj va tim
dydng, dieu khien giao thong, nha thdng minh,
cham sdc sde khoe, dao tao tff xa, thiet bj deo
thong minh, 6 to lai tff dpng, thanh phd thong
minh, ban le vdi mua sam thong mmh, kiem soat
nang Iddng. Diem quan trpng cua loT do la cae
doi tddng ed the dddc nhan biet va djnh dang
(identifiable). Neu moi doi tydng, ke ca con
ngydi, dydc "danh dau" de phan biet ban than

doi tddng dd vdi nhffng thff xung quanh thi chiing
ta cd the hoan toan quan ly dUdc nd thong qua
may tinh cd ket ndi Internet.

M3c dii loT van con 6 giai doan sd khai, nhffng
nd cd tiem nang rat Idn cho cae thy vien. Cae
nghien cdu chi ra rang loT da va dang dydc dng
dyng vao hoat dpng eiia cac thd vien, eae djch vy
thy vien da tfch hdp vdi IPT [14, 16, 24], Pujara
va Satyanarayanab (2015) eho rang cac thy vien
ed the ap dung loT de bo sung gia tri gia tang cho
eae djch vu va cung cap nhutig trai nghiem thyc
sy cho ngydi dung ciia minh [18]. Cae dng dung
ciia loT trong thy vien cd the bao gom:
Xay dutig eac toa nha thy vien thong minh:
Oieu khien he thong dieu hoa, he thong anh
sang, do dp on, danh gia khu vye bi qua tai...
thong qua utig dung dien thoai thong minh. He
thong kiem soat va theo ddi an ninh trong toa nha
eung dydc dieu khien bdi cae uhg dung tren dien
thoai. Bang viec utig dyng loT, thd vien cd the
quan tri cae trang thiet bj va nang lydng hieu qua
hdn.
Truy cap vao thy vien va cac nguon thong tin:
Vdi viee sd dung the thy vien ao, ngudi dimg ed
the sff dyng dien thoai thong minh vdi dng dyng
eua thd vien de truy cap va khai tJiac cac nguon
Idc trong thff vien. Hp dddc hffdng dan tryc quan
thong qua sd do 3D thy vien, xac djnh vi trf tai
lieu, tham chf la dpc cac ttiong tin lien quan ve tai

lieu tren cac trang dien tff nhy Amazon tryde khi
quyet djnh mydn tai lieu do tff thff vien.
Kiem soat bp suy tap: Viee sff dung cac cong
nghe nhff RFID, NFC, ma vach, ma QR, hinh md,
ky thuat so... de danh dau (tagging) cho cac doi
tffdng (trang thiet bj, tai lieu, con ngydi) trong
thy vien va ket ndi ehdng thong qua w/ifi, mang
vien thong (3G, 4G, 5G), bluetooth, hong ngoai...
se tao ra mpt he sinh thai ket ndi va typng tae
trong thy vien. Thong qua dd cd the kiem soat va
to chdc khai thac tot cae bp sud tap nay, chSng
han nhy han ehe xep nham eho cua tai lieu, su"
dyng toi da vdng ddi eua tai lieu.
Nghien cud ngydi dung va cai tien dich vu:
loT eung cho phep nghien cud ngffdi diing thong
qua viee dem so Iffdng ngffdi diing den thff vien,
nhffng tai lieu ma hp mffdn, khu vye nao eua thy
vien bi qua tai vao thdi gian nao, thdi quen, sd
ttiich sff dyng thff vien, cac tff khoa ma hp go vao

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6 tim kiem.., thu thap va phan ti'ch nhffng so lieu
nay cho phep ngddi lam thff vien dua ra eac
quyet dinh chien lude, tao ra trai nghiem hieu
qua va hieu qua hdn cho ngddi diJng ciia hp.
Ho trd ngu'di diing khai thac diu" vien: Ngydi
dimg can cd sy hieu biet nhat djnh de khai thae
eac dich vu va tai nguyen thong rin eiia thU vien

dupe hieu qua. loT se giiip cung cap nhiJtig
hydng dan thu'c te ao eho ngydi diing. Chang
han thy vien se thiet lap eae thiet bi thu phat tfn
hieu tai nhieu diem trong thU vien, khi ngu'di
diing den mot khu vyc eu the trong thd vien, dien
thoai eiia hp se chay doan video hoac audio gidl
thieu ve khu vyc nay, hydng dan hp sff dung tien
ieh mpt each toi da. Hp cd the khai thac cae bp
sUu tap ma ban giay bi han che tiep can thong
qua ban dien tff cua tai lieu nay. loT cijng ed the
dya tren tim kiem ciia ngffdi diing de gdi y cac
tai lieu ma cd the hp quan tam. Tham chf khi
ngffdi dimg den thy vien lan tiep theo, loT cd the
chil dpng thong bao nhting tai lieu mdi ve Iinh
vffc do, hoac cac tai lieu hp yeu cao mUdn lan
trydc dang ban gid da sin sang.
Dich vu dmh vj dja diem: Ngddi diing ngoi d
nha hoac ndi iam viee se len danh mye cac tai lieu
ma ho can thong qua tai khoan thUvien. Khi den
thU vien vdi thiet bi dien thoai dddc ket noi loT,
hp se dddc hUdng din den cac gia sach ed tai lieu
hp can, eung ciip rinh trang mydn ciia tai lieu, t d
viin them cac tai lieu trong linh vyc hp quan tam.
Thong qua ffng dung ciia thU vien, ngUdi diing cd
the kiem tra dUde rinh trang sin sang ciia cac
phdng dpc, phong thao luan, may in, may quet,
may tfnh... de chii dong dang ky sd dung.

2.4. Bien toan dam may
Chuyen doi sang moi trffdng so vdi dmh dang

thong tin so, thy vien se gap ap lyc ve kho lyu
trff so vdl yeu cau la khong gian Iffu trff khong
gidi han va dam bao sff an toan cho lyu trff vinh
vien. Liic nay nhu cau ve lUu trff trffc tuyen ciia
thu' vien xuat hien, trong do dien toan dam may
la mpt trong nhffng lffa chpn ciia thy vien. Dien
toan dam may la mpt phUdng thdc mdi trong lUu
trff, chia se va sff dung tai nguyen thdng rin. Dien
toan dam may ho trd chia se tai nguyen thong rin

va dich vu tren nen tang Internet thay vi sff dung
ngi bp nhU trUdc day. SU ket hdp giiJa may ehu,
he thong mang, ket noi, dng dung va tai nguyen
thong rin tao nen dien toan dam may [12]. Triet
ly dien toan dam may la thong tin luU trff trffc
tuyen va ed the khai thac mpi liic, mpi ndi.
Nag va Nikam (2016) dffa ra cifu true eua dien
toan dam may ffng dyng cho thUvien vdi 2 phan
tach biet: phan danh cho ngddi diing va phan
dam may hay con goi la phan he thong (Hinh 6)
[16]. Hai phan nay ket ndi vdi nhau thong qua he
thong mang Internet vdi ket noi cam bien khong
day (WSN). Trong phan he thdng se bao gom
may tfnh, may chii va he thdng Iffu trff dff lieu de
tao ra eae dich vu dien toan dam may.

Hinb 6: He thong dien toan dam may
ifng dung trong thW vien [16]
Cac thu vien thay vi phai dau tff mgt he thdng
Iffu trff, may chii, dUdng ket ndi Internet toe do

cao de trien khai cung cap cac djch vy va tai
nguyen thdng rin thi cd the sff dung cac dich vy
dien toan dam may eiia eac nha cung cap. Oieu
nay se giiip thy vien tiet kiem dUdc ehi phf khifu
hao ciia thiet bi, tranh lang phf nguon tai nguyen
eiia thiet bj khdng diing het, khong phai tra lydng
cho doi ngu ky thuat bao tri he thong. Vdi tnet ly
diing bao nhieu tra bay nhieu se giup thy vien tff
ehu trong khai thac he thong. Tuy nhien thffc te
cho thay, tai Viet Nam eac thy vien chua the riep
can dUdc djch vu nay do ehi phf thydng nien rao
cung nhy tam ly phai cd may ehii tai thy vien thi
mdi kiem soat dydc thong tin.


LTng dung dien toan dam may trong thd vien
se bao gom: (1) Xay dffng thy vien so va cae lull
trff so eho nguon tai nguyen cua minh, dam bao
truy cap den nguon tai nguyen 24/7; (2) Tim
kiem dff lieu/ tai nguyen cua thff vien. OCLC la
mpt vi du dien hinh cua sff dyng dien toan dam
may trong viee chia se dff lieu cua thff vien, cae
djch vy cua hp nhu bo sung, bien muc, luy thong
deu tnen khai tren nen tang cua he thdng quan
tri chia se tai nguyen tren w/eb; (3) Djch vy lud
trff trang web (website hosting); (4) Tim kiem
cac npi dung hpc thuat thong qua phffdng thffc
tim kiem tap trung (Web scale discovery). Hien
nay, tren the gidi cd mot so djch vy tim kiem tap
trung ndi rieng cd the ke den nhff Summon (ciia

ProQuest), Primo (ciia Ex Libris), EBSCO Discovery
Service (cua EBSCO) va WorldCat Discovery Services
(ciia OCLC); (5) Xay dyng cpng dong mang Iffdi
cac thff vien va chuyen gia; (6) Ty dpng hoa toan
bp hpat dpng ciia thff vien thdng qua iitig dung
cae phan mem thff vien ehuyen dung.
3. Thach thu'c va yeu cau doi mdi doi vdii
thU vien Vidt Nam
Cd the thay CMCN 4.0 dang tao ra cd hoi Idn
cho nganh thff vien de do'i mdi va tien vao ky
nguyen so nhff mot thanh phan quan trpng thuc
day phat trien nien kinh te so. Tuy nhien, nganh
thff vien cting 6dng trffdc nhtidg thach thffc khdng
nhd dd la: may mdc se lify mift viec ciia ngffdi
lam thff vien, thdi quen hanh vi khai thac sff dung
thong tin cua ngffdi diing thay ddi do sff phat
trien eua edng nghe, chuyen doi mo hinh hoat
ddng ciia thff vien so 4.0 tff mo hinh thff vien
truyen thdng, dao tao nguon nhan lyc dap utig
cho md hinh thy vien mdi, giai quyet van de ban
quyen so trong qua trinh chuyen doi so, an ninh
thong tin trong mdi trydng sd, vai trd ciia thy
vien trong giao due trye tuyen va truy cap md.
Thach thffc ve viec lam trong mdi trydng sd:
Theo nghien cffu eua Oai hpc Oxford thi nganh
thu vien la nganh nam trong sd cac nganh se
dffdc tff dpng hoa, cting co nghia la ngffdi lam
thy vien se bi mat vj tri viec lam bdi may tinh, Cu
the vi tri doi vdi ky thuat vien thff vien nguy cd bj
thay the bdi robot t y dpng la 99%, cdn ddi vdi

ngydi lam thy vien thi nguy cd bj thay the bdi

Tao chi THI/VIEN VIET N

may tfnh la 65%. Dieu nay dat ra mdt thach thffc
ddi vdi ngffdi lam thff vien va ban than cac thff
vien trong viec thay ddi va thich ffng eung nhff
rim ra dffdc gia tri rieng cho vai trd ngffdi lam thy
vien va thff vien trong boi canh mdi.

Bieu do 1: Cac cong viec cd the dupc tfiay the bdi
may tinh [21]
Thay dd'i thdi quen ciia ngffdi dting - cdng dan
so (digital citizen) dang dat ap lye len thu vien.
Google dang la mpt kho tai nguyen vo tan neu
biet khai thae, ben canh do cac nguon tai nguyen
md dang ngay cang phat trien, tai lieu dddc xuat
ban so vdi gia thanh re hdn rat nhieu so vdi tai
lieu in.. Day chfnh la nhffng ddi trpng trffc tiep
ciia thff vien bdi sff rien ldi va than thien eiia
chiing doi vdi ngydi diing. NgUdi dung vdi thiet bi
dau cuoi thdng mmh hydng tdi sff tien ldi, trong
dd xu the khai thac tai nguyen sd ngay cang gia
tang, hp can thong tin cd tfnh tdng hdp, ngan gon
va trong thdi gian ngan. Tift ca nhffng thach thffc
nay ddi hoi cac thU vien phai cd each tiep can phii
hdp, dac bJet la ffng dung cac thanh tffu eiia khoa
hpc cdng nghe de gia tang gia tri cho cac san
pham dich vu va tang trai nghiem cho ngffdi
dung.

Chuyen doi mo hinh thy vien so 4.0: Cau hdi
dat ra la thy vien trong tffdng lai se trong nhy the
nao? 06 la Thff vien so thong minh - Thff vien so
theo ngff canh - Semamtre Digital Library, ket ndi
giffa thdng rin va xa hpi trong moi trffdng so de
cung cap san pha'm va djch vu giau tinh ca nhan
hoa hudng tdi ngu'di dimg lam trung tam [7, 11].
Thff vien so 4.0 dffdc coi la thy vien thdng
minh, ket hdp nhieu edng nghe hien dai. Od ia mo
hinh thu vien rich hdp vdi khong glan sang tao,
cdng nghe nhan dang noi dung, truy cap md, dff
lieu ldn, djch vu dien toan dam may, cong nghe

4(78)


sr&"

TVlnn*nlhlng|^_^_^"^

Nam, Oo Van Hung (2019) da de xuift khung
nang Iffc mdi danh cho ngffdi lam thy vien Viet
Nam trong the ky XXI. Trong dd n3ng Idc ciia
ngu'di lam thU vien dUdc hinh thanh bdi 7 nhdm
finh vffc.

.„a, "

Hinh 8: SUphat trien cua did vien [17]
thye te ao, cdng nghe hien thj. Oieu nay ehi ra vai

trd rat quan trpng eiia ngydi lam thy vien trong
viec tfch hdp cac cdng nghe tren vao hoat dpng
thy vien. Nhy vay, c6 the thay nhu cau cap thiet
trong viec dao tao nhan lye thy vien 4.0.
Cau hdi dat ra la dieu gi se xay trong mdi
trydng mdi khi sy khac biet giiJa khdng gian vat
ly va khong gian mang da bj xoa bd' Khi ma
ngydi diing khong can den thu vien cijng cd the
khai thac dddc tai lieu tff thff vien' Ngoai viec den
thff vien de khai thae thdng rin, thi thy vien se trd
thanh khdng gian van hoa, khdng gian sang tao,
ket noi cpng dong va chia se tri thffc.
Loai hinh tai lieu trong thy vien se thay doi
nhieu hdn: di nhien la d djnh dang so. Tuy nhien,
do khong chi ddn thuan la sach, bao - tap chf ma
dff lieu dang md phdng, dff lieu nghien ciftj co t^e
se chiem ty trpng nhieu hdn, cac loai hinh tai lieu
sd da phUdng tien cting se dan phd bien, Dleu
nay dat ra thach thffc cho cac thy vien xff ly, to
chffc, lull trff va khai thae cac nguon tai lieu nay
Oao tao ngydi lam thff vien so 4.0: Ngffdi lam
thff vien so 4.0 la ngffdi am hieu cong nghe va
eau true ciia thdng rin va he thong thong rin. Hp
ehuyen do'i vai trd tff ngffdi giff thdng rin sang vai
trd ngffdi tu van va chuyen giao thdng tin. Oe lam
chuyen gia tu van hp can nen tang tot ve edng
nghe thdng rin, kien thffc ve khoa hpc thff vien va
sy hieu biet ve ITnh vyc hay doi tUdng ngydi diing
ma hp se phuc vu. Tren eO sd tham khao cae
khung nang lyc danh cho ngffdi lam thU vien eiia

Hoa Ky (ALA), Canada (CARL), Oxtraylia (ALIA)
va IFLA ket hdp vdi khao sat thffc riin tai Viet

10

Hinh 9: NSng lut can cd cua ngu'di lam thd viin so
trong the ky XXI [1]
Cu the, cac nang Iffc nay bao gom: (1) Kien
thffc nen timg ve mdi trydng xa hoi, van hoa,
kinh te, chinh tri va dao dffc nghe nghiep, luat
phap; (2) Ky nang mem nhU kha nang thich ffng,
sy linh hoat, sy hffng thu vdi nhuTig trai nghiem
va kien thffc mdi, kha nang giao riep, nang Iffc
dam phan, kha nang ra quyet djnh, ky nang giai
quyet van de, cd sang kien mdi va ty duy sang
tao ciing t y duy doi mdi, kha nang phoi hdp va
hdp tac trong cdng viec; (3) Nang lyc lanh dao va
quan ly; (4) Nang lye xay dutig va quan trj tai
nguyen thdng tin; (5) Nang lyc thong rin trong
viee tim kiem, tham djnh va sff dung thdng rin;
(6) Nang lye nghien cffu va ehuyen giao vdi kha
nang trien khai cac nghien cffu dpc lap eung nhff
ho trd trien khai cae nghien ciitj; (7) Ky nang
cdng nghe thdng tin. Dao tao cac nang Iffe nay
thffc sy la mpt thach thyc doi vdi cac cd sd dao
tao nganh thu vien tai Viet Nam [1],
Ban quyen sd trong qua trinh ehuyen ddi so:
Mpt trong nhtitig van de dat ra dd ban quyen so
cho nhffng tai lieu da xuat ban dffdi dang tai lieu
in. Viec so hoa, chia se va pho bien loai tai lieu

dffdc sd hoa dang la van de gay tranh cai va gap
phai rao can phap ly doi vdi phap luat hien hanh


ta[Viet J^am. Chang han, hanh dong so hoa mdt
mpt cuon saeh ma cac thff vien dang lam dffdc
cho la hanh vi vi pham ban quyen tac gia trong
Luat Sd hffu tri tue: sao chep tac pha'm ma khdng
dddc phep cua tae gia, nhan ban, san xuat ban
sao, phan phoi, trffng bay hoac truyen dat tae
pham den cdng chung qua mang truyen thong va
cac phUdng rien ky thuat so ma khdng dffdc phep
cua chil sd hud quyen tac gia [4]. Ro rang day la
mpt rao can thffc sff eho eac thy vien trong viec
so hoa, chia se va phuc vy ngydi diing tren moi
trydng sd.
An ninh thong rin trong mdi trydng sd: Trong
thff vien, an ninh thong rin dffdc tiep can d hai
khfa canh dd la bao ve tai nguyen thong rin ciia
thff vien va thong rin ngffdi diing tren moi trffdng
mang. Ranh gidi ve quyen rieng tff va bao ve dff
lieu se dffdc xae dinh lai trong boi canh hien nay.
Thff vien dang va se trien khai cac dieh vu trffc
tuyen, ket hdp vdl eac doi tac cong nghe, tai
chfnh va djch vu, tham gia mang xa hoi. . se can
luff y den vifn de quyen rieng tff cua ngffdi dung
cting nhy dff lieu ea nhan ma hg thu thap. Vdi
Luat Tiep can thong tin (2016) va Luat An ninh
mang (2018), cac thff vien va ngffdi lam thff vien
can trang bj cho minh nhutig kien thffc nen tang

ve an toan thdng tin va bao ve quyen rieng tff eua
mdi ea nhan, dong thdi tao dieu kien eho moi
cong dan ed quyen dffdc riep can thdng tin theo
nhu cau va trong khudn kho phap luat cho phep
[2, 3].
Truy cap md va giao due trffc tuyen: Giao due
trffc tuyen dang phat trien manh tai Viet Nam va
nd se pha vd ket cifu hoat dpng hpc tiip eua ngddi
hpc. Cae khoa hpe trye tuyen va tai nguyen giao
due md mien phi nhu MOOC, SPOC, OCW va OER
dang la xu the mdi hien nay. Gia tri cua giao dye
md do la tao cd hpi hoc tap eho tat ca mpi ngudi.
Giao due md la eon dydng hffu hieu va kha thi de
thoa man nhffng ai muon ed dffdc trinh dp dai
hpe ma khdng tao them ganh nang cho giao due
d bae hpe nay. Cac ed sd dao tao ffng dung cong
nghe de thay doi he thdng giao due truylen thong
nham dap iitig tdt hdn nhu cau ciia mot xa hpl
hoc tap trong ky nguyen thdng rin. Trong bdi

aDchiTHirvrfNVllfNA

canh nay, thff vien ddng vai trd rift quan trong
nhff la ndi eung cap tai nguyen eho viec hpc tap
sudt ddi cua ngffdi dan tff cac khoa hpc den eae
nguon hoc lieu md va trd thanh trung tam cua
cpng dong, ndi ket hdp sffc manh tdng hdp ciia
dao tao chinh thffc va phi chfnh thffc.
4. Ket luan
CMCN 4.0 vdl nhutig cong nghe Hen tien nhff

dff lieu Idn, tri tue nhan tao, robot ty dpng, van
vat ket ndi, dien toan dam may da va dang tae
dpng trye tiep lam thay doi can ban thu vien tren
eae khia eanh nhu khai thae thong rin sd, lull trff
thong rin sd va quan trj dff lieu, xay dffng eac san
pham va djch vu ca nhan hoa, md hinh thy vien
ket hdp khong gian vat ly va khong gian mang...
tat ca deu nham muc tieu mang lai sy trai nghiem
tot nhat cho ngydi diing - nhffng cdng dan so
trong nen kinh te tri thffc.
Thach thffc vie vai trd va vi tri viee lam ciia
ngffdi lam thff vien, sff thay doi trong thdi quen
sff dung thdng rin cua ngUdi dung, ehuyen doi md
hinh hoat dgng ciia thff vien so 4.0 va dao tao
ngffdi lam thff vien sd 4.0 cho giai doan phat trie'n
mdi eua thu vien, van de ban quyen sd den an
ninh thdng rin, hd trd thiic day giao due md se la
nhDtig vifn de ma nganh thff vien se phai giai
quyet trong nhtitig thap ky tdi neu muon thffc
hien tdt sff menh ciia minh trong viec chuyen giao
tri thffc va thue day doi mdi sang tao.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Do Van Hung. Khung nang Idc cdt loi danh
cho can bg thd vien Viet Nam trong the ky XXI //
Tap chf Thong rin va TU lieu. - 2019. - Sd 1. - Tr 210.
2. Luat An ninh mang. So 24/2018/QH14 ciia
Quoc hpl, ban hanh ngay 12/6/2018. https://
luatvietnam.vn/an-ninh-quoc-gla/luat-an-ninhmang-2018-luat-an-ninh-mang-so-24-2018-qhl4164904-dl.html. Truy cap ngay 22/3/2019.
3. Luat Tiep can thong tin. So 104/2016/QH13,
ban hanh ngay 06/4/2016. = l&_page = l&mode=detail&document_id=184568. Truy cap ngay 22/3/2019,

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11


4. Luat Sd hffu tri tue. Sd 19/VBHN-VPQH ciia
Quoc hoi, ban hanh ngay 18/12/2013. Truy cap ngay 22/3/2019.
5. Quyet djnh so 846/QD-Trg ngay 09/06/2017
ciia Thil tudng Chinh phii: Ban hanh Danh muc dich
vu cong tryc tuyen mffc dp 3 va 4 thyc hien tai cac
bo, nganh, dia phUdng nam 2017. http://vanban.
chinhphu.vn/portal/page/porta l/chinhphu/hethongvanban'class_id=2&_page=l&mode=detail&documentjd=190018. Truy cap ngay 22/3/2019.
6. True lien thong van ban quoc gia: Dot pha
manh me vao tuduy giay td. nhphu.
vn/Home/Truc-lien-thong-van-ban-quoc-gia-Dotpha-manh-me-vao-tu-duy-giay-to/20193/25615.
vgp. Truy cap ngay 22/3/2019.

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