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HOAN THIEN PHAP LUAT VE HO TRflT » A O TAO,
CHUYEN DOI NGHE VA TIM KIEM VIEC LAM
KHI NHA N i r 6 C THU HOI DAT N 6 N G NGHIEP
Nguyin Thanh Phirang*
Tom tat: Bdi viit tap trung phdn tich nhung ngi dung chua thong nhdt trong cac
quy dinh hien hdnh ve ca chi ho trg ddo tgo, chuyen doi nghe vd tim kiem vi4c ldm khi
Nhd nu&c thu hoi ddt ndng nghiep vd nhOng vdn di lien quan phdt sinh tir Ludt Ddt dai
ndm 2013 cdn sua doi, bo sung.
Abstract: The paper focuses on analyzing inconsistencies in current regulations
related to the support mechanism for training, job change and job seeking when the
State recovers agricultural land and related issues arising from the 2013 Land Law,
which are in need of amendments and supplementation.
Dat van de
Thu hdi ddt ndng nghiep ngoai myc
dich phdt trien kinh te dat nudc, cdn gdp
phan chuyen ddi co cdu lao dgng tir ndng
nghipp sang kinh doanh, dich vy... Tuy
nhien, neu chinh sdch hd trg khdng thda
dang vdi yeu cau, nguyen vgng ciia ngudi
cd ddt bj thu hdi se gay ra nhieu van de
khdng mong mudn nhu: Ngudi ddn kien
quyet khdng bdn giao dat, khieu ngi, thdm
chi la nhung hdnh vi chdng ddi Igi ca quan
nhd nudc. Do vdy, phdp lugt ve bdi thudng
ndi chung vd hd trg ddo tao, chuyen ddi
nghi, tim kiem vipc lam ndi rieng khi Nha
nudc thu hdi ddt ndng nghiep phdi dugc
nghien cuu, tim hieu thau dao va khdng
ngimg hodn thien.
1. Ve doi tirgng dugc nhan ho trg dao
tao, cbuyen doi nghe, tim kiem viec lam

Viec xdc dinh ddi tugng thy hudng
chinh sdch lien quan den hd trg ddo tao,
chuyen ddi nghe, tim kiem viec lam nham
thiic ddy cdc chu the cd dat hi thu hdi khdi
* ThS., Khoa Lu|t, Tmong Dai hoc Nam Can Tho.

42

phyc dugc smh ke, nhan dugc cdc hinh thiic
bdi thudng, ho trg tuang thieh la mgt van de
quan trgng. Tir quy dfnh tai khoan 1 vd
khodn 2 Dilu 84 Ludt Dat dai nam 2013 cd
thi nhgn thdy, doi tugng dugc hd Ug ddo
tgo, chuyen doi nghe, tim kiem viec ldm khi
Nhd nudc thu hdi dat ndng nghipp bao ham
hai nhdm chinh:
(i) Hg gia dinh, cd nhan tryc tiep sdn
xudt ndng nghiep khi Nha nudc thu hdi dat
ndng nghipp ma khdng cd ddt ndng nghipp
de bdi thudng, ngoai viec dugc bdi thudng
bang tien cdn dugc ho trg ddo tgo, chuyin
ddi nghe vd tim kiem viec lam. Trudng hgp
ngudi dugc hd trg ddo tgo chuyin doi nghe
va tim kiem viec ldm trong dg tuoi lao ddng
cd nhu cau dugc dao tao nghi se dugc nhgn
vdo cdc CO sd dao tao nghi, tu vdn ho trg
tim kiem vipc ldm.
(ii) Vdi trudng hgp hg gia dinh, cd
nhan sir dung ddt d kit hgp kinh doanh
djch vy ma ngudn thu nhdp chinh Id tir

boat dgng kinh doanh djch vy, khi Nhd
nudc thu hdi ddt ma phdi di chuyen cho d
thi dugc vay vdn tin dyng uu dai de phat


HOAN THI$N PHAP LVAT...

trien san xudt, kinh doanh; trudng hgp
ngudi cd dat thu hdi cdn trong do tudi lao
dgng se dugc thy hudng cdc chinh sdch
lien quan den ho trg ddo tgo, chuyin ddi
nghe, tim kiem viec ldm.
Xoay quanh van de nay, cdn bdn luan
vd ldm rd mgt sd vdn de sau:
TMr nhat, chii the dugc xdc dinh Id hg
gia dinh, cd nhan true tiep san xudt ndng
nghipp phdi thda man hai dilu kipn: (i) Hd
gia dinh, cd nhan dang ed quyen sii dung ddt
ndng nghipp thdng qua cdc hinh thiic nhu
dugc Nhd nudc giao, cho thue, cdng nhdn
hodc nhgn chuyin quyin; (ii) Cd thu nhgp
on djnh tir sdn xuat ndng nghipp tren dipn
tieh dat do'. Tuy nhien, khdi nipm hg gia
dinh, cd nhan tryc tiep san xudt ndng nghiep
hipn nay vin ton tai bdt cap nhat djnh khi
chua cdng nhdn nhiing chu the tryc tiep sdn
xuat ndng nghipp tren dipn tich dat thue tii
chii the khdc. Se la bat hgp ly neu day la
nguon sinh ke duy nhat cua hg tii phan dien
tich ddt thue canh tdc, nhung khdng dugc

phdp luat cdng nhgn Id chii the tryc tiep sdn
xuat ndng nghipp.
Vipc xdc dinh khodn thu nhdp dn djnh
tii sdn xuat ndng nghipp ciing la "khodng
trong" trong phdp ludt nudc ta. Mac dii
Nghj dinh sd 01/2017/ND-CP da bd sung
quy djnh Uy ban nhdn dan (UBND) xa,
phudng thj trdn noi dang ky hd khdu thudng
tni se thyc hien chiic nang xac nhgn hd gia
dinh, cd nhan tryc tilp san xudt ndng nghiep
c6 ngudn thu nhap dn dinh tir san xudt ndng
nghipp. Tuy nhien, vdn chua djnh lugng cy
the khodn thu nhgp bao nhieu trong mgt
thdng hodc trong mdt nam dugc ggi la dn
djnh. Dilu nay gay khd khan cho ca quan

Khoan 30 Dieu 3 Luat Dit dai nam 2013.

xdc dinh chii the dugc thy hudng chinh sdch
hd trg ndi chung va hd trg ddo tao, chuyin
ddi nghe, tim kiem vipc ldm ndi rieng^.
Thu hai, theo hudng din tgi khodn !
Dieu 2 Nghj dinh so 01/2017/ND-CP sira
ddi, bd sung mdt sd nghj djnh quy djnh chi
tiet thi hdnh Luat Ddt dai, UBND cdp xa Id
CO quan cd trach nhipm xdc djnh hg gia
dinh, cd nhdn cd thu nhgp on djnh tii san
xudt ndng nghiep. Ddng thdi, vdi trudng
hgp khdng ciing noi dang ky hg khdu
thudng tni, UBND cdp xa van phai xdc

nhdn nhgn hg gia dmh, cd nhan tryc tiep sdn
xudt ndng nghiep cd ngudn thu nhgp dn
djnh tu san xudt ndng nghipp sau khi cd vdn
bdn xdc nhgn ve vipc sii dyng ddt ndng
nghipp ciia UBND cap xa nai cd ddt bi thu
hdi. Van de nay dang gap rat nhieu khd
khan do UBND ncri dang ky hg khau thudng
tni khdng nam dugc tinh trgng vd ngudn thu
tu phan dat lien quan den dy dn ciia hg dan,
dan den trudng hgp ddng hdng logt cho cdc chu the dugc thg hudng
chinh sdch ndy. Ben cgnh do, cdn tinh trgng
cdc td chtic lap phuang dn boi thudng
khdng djnh miic hd trg chinh xdc cho cdc hg
dan, ddn den viec khieu nai, phdi idp
phuang an dieu chinh nhieu lan-'. Tir thyc
trgng tren, thiet nghT can xem xet, dieu
chinh lai quy djnh ve viec xdc nhdn ngudn
thu nhdp dn djnh tir sdn xudt ndng nghiep
^ Nguyen Thanh Phuong, "Phdp lugt vi ho trg dai
song sdn xudt khi Nhd nuac ihu hoi dat ndng nghiip
vd mot so kiin nghi hodn ihiin ", Tap chi Dan chii va
Phap luat, s6 11 (332)72019, tr. 25.
' Le Thanh Lpc, "Hodn thiin phdp lugt vi boi
thuang, ho irg, ldi dinh cu khi Nhd nuac thu hoi
ddt". Ky y£u hgi thao lay y kien chuyen gia cua dy
an: Bdo igo ndng cao ndng luc vd nghien cuu hodn
ihiin quy Irinh thu hoi ddt, boi thuang, ho Irg, tdi
dinh cu tgi ihanh phd Can Tha, ngay 18/10/2017,
tr.20.

43


.\HA NfdC VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020
ciia hg gia dmh, ca nhdn tgi Nghi djnh sd
01/2017/ND-CP ngdy 06/01/2017 cua
Chinh phu ddi vdi trudng hgp ddt ndng
nghiep bj thu hdi khdng cung noi dang Icy
hg khau thudng tni ciia hd dan.
Nhin chung, ddi tugng dugc hd trg theo
quy dinh cua phdp ludt chu yeu tap tnmg
vao hd gia dinh, ca nhan tryc tiep sdn xudt,
cd ngudn gdc ddt tir viec xdc lap bang con
dudng Nha nudc giao ddt, nhgn chuyen
nhugng... Tuy nhien, vipc thu hdi ddt
khdng bdi thudng vd hd trg cho nhung ddi
tugng thue ddt canh tdc tir chii the khdc
chua mang tinh cdng bang. Thiet nghT,
ngoai vipc dugc bdi thudng, can cd sy hd
trg ddo tgo, chuyen ddi nghe vd tim kiem
viec lam mdi cho nhung ddi tugng ndy. Bdi,
hg bi tdc ddng, anh hudng khdng kem so
vdi ngudi sii dung dat bj Nhd nudc thu hdi
ddt canh tdc. Do do, viec bd sung ddi tugng
thue ddt cd hgp ddng tren dien tich dat ndng
nghiep hi dnh hudng cua qud trinh thu hdi
dat dugc thy hudng chinh sdch hd trg dao
tgo, chuyen ddi nghe vd tim kiem viec lam
la dieu can thiet hipn nay.

2. Vl dilu kipn nhan ho trg dao tao,
chuyen doi nghe v^ tim kiem vipc lam
Theo tinh than ciia Ludt Ddt dai nam
2013, hd trg dao tgo, chuyen ddi nghe vd
tim kiem viec lam hudng den ddi tugng hd
gia dinh, ca nhdn tryc tiep sdn xudt ndng
nghiep. Do vgy, hg gia dinh, cd nhdn dugc
Nha nudc giao ddt ndng nghiep can dap img
du dieu kien cap Giay chiing nhan hodc du
dilu kipn dugc cap Gidy chiing nhdn, theo
Nghj djnh sd 47/2014/ND-CP Quy djnh vl
bdi thudng, hd trg, tdi djnh cu khi Nhd nudc
thu hdi ddt. Ngoai ra, nhirng ddi tugng ndy
cdn phdi dap img dieu kien dugc UBND cap
xa ncri cd ddt thu hdi xac nhgn dang canh tdc

44

tryc tilp tren ddt ndng nghiep. Ngugc Igi.
ddi vdi hg gia dinh, ca nhdn sii dyng dat a
kit hgp vdi kinh doanh djch vy dang su
dyng ddt thi phdi thda man mgt trong cac
dilu kipn: (i) Ddt da dugc cap giay chimg
nhdn quyen sii dyng dat, quyen sd hiiu nha
d va tai sdn khdc gan lien vdi ddt; hogc (ii)
Du dieu kipn cap Gidy chiing nhgn quyen su
dyng dat, quyen sd huu nhd d va tai sdn
khdc gdn liln vdi dat hogc ddi vdi hp gia
dinh, ca nhan dang su dyng ddt do nhgn
giao khoan dat sii dyng vao mgc dich ndng

nghipp, ldm nghipp, nudi trdng thiiy sdn
(khdng bao gom dat rimg dgc dyng, rung
phdng hg) cua cde ndng trudng, ldm trudng
thi phdi cd hgp dong giao khodn dat.
So vdi Lugt Ddt dai nam 2003, Ludt Dat
dai nam 2013 da quy dinh ro ban cdc dieu
kipn Cling nhu ddi tugng dugc thu hudng
cdc chinh sdch lien quan den hd trg ndi
chxmg khi Nhd nudc thu hdi dat, trdnh tinh
trgng cdc ca quan cd thdm quyen lung tiing
trong vipc dp dung phdp lugt ve hd trg. Theo
dd, khodn 3 Dieu 19 Nghj djnh sd
47/2014/ND-CP quy djnh khi bj thu hdi tir
30% den 70% dipn tich dat ndng nghipp
dang sir dung se dugc thu hudng cdc ehinh
sach lien quan den hd trg dn dinh ddi sdng
vd san xuat. Khi so sdnh vdi dieu kipn dugc
nhgn hd trg dao tgo, tim kilm vd gidi thipu
vipc lam, cd the nhgn thdy hinh thirc hd trg
ddo tao, chuyen ddi nghe vd tim kilm viec
ldm khdng quy dinh dilu kien vl dien tich
ddt bj thu hdi la bao nhieu tren tdng dien
tich bj thu hdi. Nhu vdy, gia djnh nlu thu
hoi chi vdn ven lOm^ ddt ndng nghiep va
khdng dugc bdi thudng bdng dat ma thda
man cdc dieu kien khac theo quy djnh eiia
phdp lugt thi van dugc ho trg ddo tgo,
chuyen ddi nghe, tim kilm vipc lam. Vl mat

HOAN

logic, can phdi xem Igi quy dinh nay vi thyc
ll trong trudng hgp vua neu, ngudi dan
hodn toan khdng bj mat nghe vd ciing khdng
cd nhu cau tim Idem vipc ldm.
Tu bat cap tren, tdc gid dl xudt Nhd
nudc can cd nhiing quy djnh ey the ve hgn
mue dnh hudng lam can cii xac djnh miic
hd trg ddo tao, chuyin ddi nghe vd tim
kiem vipc ldm. Cy the: Cd the phdn dinh
miie dnh hudng quy ddi nhu 500m^, 600m'^
ho$c tren 1 OOOm^^ dat ndng nghiep... bj dnh
hudng md cd phuang thiic hd trg tuong
thich bang tien 01, 02 hay 03 lan bang gia
dat ndng nghipp cimg logi trong bang gid
dat eiia dja phuang, nham tgo sy cdng bang
vdi nhimg doi tugng bj thipt hgi thay vi cho
dja phuang chu ddng dinh miic hd trg tdi
da gap 5 lan bdng gia dat ndng nghipp nhu
hipn nay.
Ngugc Igi, vdi trudng hgp chi bj thu hdi
lOm^ hogc 50m^ dat ndng nghiep hien cd
nhung khdng bj mdt vipc ldm, cd the vien
dan can eii vdo khodn 3 Dieu 5 Thdng tu sd
37/2014/TT-BTNMT quy djnh chi tilt vl
boi thudng, ho trg, tdi djnh cu khi Nha nudc
thu hdi ddt: "Tru&ng hgp hg gia dinh, cd
nhdn si> dung ddt quy dinh tgi khodn 2 dieu
ndy bi thu hoi du&i 30% dien tich ddt ndng

nghiip ^dnh hu&ng den d&i song, sdn xudt cua
ngu&i thu hoi dat thi chu tich UBND cdp
tinh cdn cic vdo tinh hinh thuc te tgi dia
phuang quyet dinh bien phdp ho trg khdc
quy dfnh tgi Dieu 25 cua Nghi dinh so
47/2014/ND-CP cho phii hgp". Tuy nhien,
tde gid de xuat cdn cd van bdn sira ddi, bd
sung Thdng tu sd 37/2014/TT-BTNMT vl
dieu kipn, ddi tugng, miic hd trg... cho
nhdm ddi tugng bj dnh hudng dudi
30%/tdng dipn tich ddt dang su dyng thay vi

THI$NPHAPLVAT...

mac nhien cho hg thu hudng chinh sdch dao
tao, chuyen ddi nghe vd tim kilm vipc lam.
Trong trudng hgp nay, dia phuang cd the
van dyng quy djnh ve "hd trg khae" de dp
dung cho cdc ddi tugng nay (diem d khoan
2 Dilu 83 Ludt Ddt dai nam 2013).
Ben cgnh dd, khi xem x6t cac chinh
sach ho trg lien quan vdi nhiing chii the su
dyng ddt ndng nghipp vugt han miic quy
djnh, khoan 1 Dieu 4 Nghj djnh so
47/2014/ND-CP neu ro: "Hg gia dinh, cd
nhdn dang su dung dat ndng nghidp vu0
hgn muc nhdn chuyin quyin su dgng ddt
tru&c ngdy 1/7/2014 do dugc thua ke, tgng
cho, nhgn chuyen nhugng quyin su dgng

ddt tic ngu&i khdc theo quy dfnh cua phdp
ludt md du dieu ki^n dugc bdi thu&ng thi
dugc boi thu&ng, hd trg theo di^n tich thuc
te md Nhd nu&c thu hdi"
Tuy niiien, khi so sanh vdi Dieu 19,
Dilu 20 Nghi djnh sd 47/2014/ND-CP da
vien ddn cdc trudng hgp dugc nhgn hd trg
dn dinh ddi sdng va sdn xuat, ho trg ddo tgo
chuyen ddi nghe vd tim kiem vipc ldm, ed
the nhgn thdy, trudng hgp tren khdng thugc
ddi tugng dugc xem xet nhan hd trg. Do dd,
he qud Hdi ddng bdi thudng tai cac qugn,
huyen khdng cd co sd xdc djnh miic hd trg
vdi ddi tugng dipn tich dat ndng nghipp
vugt ban mirc do nhdn chuyen nhugng
quyin sir dyng dat. Tir van de tren, vipc sira
ddi Dilu 19, Dilu 20 Nghj dinh sd
47/2014/ND-CP trong frudng hgp nay Id
cdn thiet.
3. Ve dinh miic ho trg dao tao,
chuyin doi nghi va tim kilm vi^c ldm khi
Nha nudc thu hoi dat ndng nghipp
Khdng cdn dat san xudt tat yeu gay ra
nhilu khd khan cho ngudi tryc tiep san xudt
ndng nghiep cd dat bj thu hdi. Do dd, de

45


\H4 NL-dC VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020

giam bdt khd khan cho ngudi ddn trong giai
doan hau thu hdi ddt, vdi hg gia dinh, ca
nhdn true tiep san xuat ndng nghiep (tru
trudng hgp hd gia dinh, cd nhdn la can bg,
cdng nhdn vien chuc cua ndng trudng qude
doanti, lam trudng quoc doanh da nghi huu,
nghi mat siic lao dgng, thdi viec dugc
hucmg trg cap) khi Nhd nudc thu hdi ddt
ndng nghipp md dugc bdi thudng bang tien,
ngodi vipc dugc bdi thudng bang tien vdi
dipn tieh ddt ndng nghiep thu hdi, cdc
trudng hgp nay cdn dugc hd trg dao tgo,
chuyen ddi nghe vd tim kiem vice lam. Cy
the nhu sau:
- Hd trg bdng tiin khdng qud 05 Idn gid
ddt ndng nghiep cung logi trong bdng gid
ddt cda dia phuang ddi v&i todn bp diin
tich ddt ndng nghiip thu hdi; dien tich dugc
ho trg khdng vugt qud hgn mite giao ddt
ndng nghiip tgi dia phuang;
- Muc ho trg cu the do UBND cdp tinh
quy dinh cdn cu dieu kien thuc ti cua dia
phuang.
Xoay quanh van de ndy, cd mgt sd diem
ma Lugt Ddt dai nam 2013 vd cdc van ban
hudng ddn thi hdnh chua gidi ma, khien quy
djnh tren chi mang tinh hinh thirc, khdng di
vao ddi sdng. Cy the:
Thic nhdt, khi can cii diem a khoan I

Dilu 20 Nghj djnh sd 47/2014/ND-CP, ca
che hd trg dao tgo, chuyen ddi nghe vd tim
kiem vipe ldm quy djnh: "Hd trg bdng tien
khdng qud 05 lan gid ddt nong nghiep cdng
logi trong bdng gid ddt cua dia phuang doi
v&i todn bg dien tich ddt ndng nghiip dugc
thu hoi, diin tich dirge ho trg khdng vugt
qud hgn muc giao ddt ndng nghiip tgi dia
phucmg". Tuy nhien, quy djnh tren chua
lam rd trudng hgp xem xet hd trg, ca quan
thiia hdnh se cdn cir hgn miic giao ddt ndng

46

n^iep tren ca sd Dilu 129 Luat Dat dai
nam 2013 hay ban miic giao ddt cho hd gia
dinh, cd nhdn tai dia phuang tnrdc day km
thyc hien Nghj djnh sd 64 CP ngay
27/9/1993 hogc Nghi djnh s6 02/CP ngdy
15/01/1994 cua Chinh phii. Dilu nay chua
dugc phdp lugt ldm rd, bdi le qua mdi thm
ky, hgn miic giao dat Id hoan todn khac
nhau, khdng mang tinh ddng nhat. Dieu nay
cd the gay ra sy so ke giiia cac chii the cd
ddt hi thu hoi, dan din tmh trgng khilu ngi,
khieu kipn cd the xdy ra.
Thic hai, khi so sanh vdi Nghj djnh sd
69/2009/ND-CP quy djnh bd sung vl quy
hogch sii dyng ddt, gia dat, thu hdi ddt, bdi
thudng, ho trg vd tdi djnh cu (da het hieu

lyc) lien quan den djnh mirc hd trg, cd the
nhgn thdy, cd sy khdc bipt khdng chi rieng
ve ten ggi ciia khodn ho trg, md cdn cd sy
ddi lap ve djnh muc ho trg. Neu Nghi djnh
sd 69/2009/ND-CP dat gidi han hd Ug bdng
tiln tdi thieu tir 1,5 vd tdi da khdng qua 5
lan gia dat ndng nghipp thi diem a khodn 1
Dilu 20 Nghi djnh sd 47/2014/ND-CP chi
djnh lugng miic gidi hgn tdi da la khdng qud
5 lan gid dat ndng nghipp, nhxmg khdng dua
ra gidi han tdi thieu trong cdng tdc hd trg
ddo tgo, ehuyen ddi nghe va tim kiem viec
lam. Chinh dieu nay se tao ra mgt khodng
trdng nhat djnh trong cdng tdc thi hanh tgi
cac dja phucmg. Cu the, viec bd qua gidi
hgn hd trg tdi thieu cd the ddn den tinh trang
mgt dja phuang ap dgt gid ho trg d djnh
miic 0,1 hoae 0,2 lan gid ddt ndng nghiep,
trong khi dd, mgt sd dia phuang khac Igi
djnh gia hd trg trong gidi hgn gdp 5 idn gid
dat ndng nghiep tgi dja phucmg nay. Chinh
dieu dd se gay bat bmh ddng Uong cdng tdc
hd trg ddo tao nghi vd tim kiem vipc lam
giiia cdc dja phuang.


HOAN THI$NPHAPLVAT..
Tdc gid cho rang, quy djnh hd trg bdng
tiln khdng qud nam Idn gia ddt ndng
nghipp ciing logi trong bdng gid ddt cua dia

phucmg cdn cd hudng ddn tir Bd Tai
nguyen vd Mdi trudng nhdm bdo dam dp
dyng thong nhdt d tdt cd cac tinh, thdnh
phd trong ed nudc. Thyc tl cho thdy, khi
dg chenh Ipch giiia nhiing ngudi nhgn hd
Ug qud cao ma khdng ed mgt tieu ehi phdn
djnh rgch rdi, cdc dia phuang se gap khd
khan trong qua trinh dp dyng, dac bipt
Uong trudng hgp cdc dy an gidp ranh vdi
dja ban tinh, thanh pho lan can.
Thu ba, dat ndng nghipp Id tu lipu sdn
xuat; tuy nhien, tiln thi khdng mac nhien
dugc xem Id tu lipu sdn xudt. Chinh vi vay,
m$c dli djnh miic hd trg kha cao, nhung ban
chat eiia vipc hd trg bang tien ddi khi khdng
dgt dugc myc dich Id ddo tgo, chuyen ddi
nghe vdi cac hg gia dinh, cd nhdn tryc tilp
sdn xuat ndng nghidp. Cd thi nhgn thay, khi
bj thu hdi dat, ngudi dan cd ddt bj thu hdi
chii yeu dugc ho trg bang tiln. So vdi thu
nhap ciia ngudi dan, khodn tien hd trg nay
thudng la khd Idn. Do dd, Nha nudc can cd
phuong phdp tu van sir dyng vdn cho ngudi
dan mgt cdch hgp ly khi hg den nhdn tien hd
trg. Dieu nay se cd tdc ddng Idn den djnh
hudng tieu dimg. Bdi, thyc tien cho thay,
khi nhgn dugc khoan hd trg, tdm ly ciia
ngudi dan thudng y Igi vdo sd tien cd dugc
id khd phd bien. Ngudi dan thudng dimg sd
tien bdi thudng, hd ug de xdy dyng nha

mdi, mua dd dung, sinh boat it sii dung cho
vipc chuyen ddi nghe vd tim kiem viec ldm
mdi. Vi vay, thdi gian dau, ddi sdng vdt
chat ciia ngudi dan thudng dugc cdi thien
dang ke so vdi trude khi qud trinh thu hdi
dat dien ra. Tuy nhien, chi sau vai nam hg
chi tieu hit s6 tiln dugc hd Ug, khdng cdn

tu heu sdn xuat, khdng cdn ngdnh nghi hogt
ddng kiem ke sinh nhai, hg trd nen thdt
nghiep, ldm vao cdnh ngheo tung'*.
Do dd, trach nhipm tu van su dyng tien,
sinh ke cho ngudi ddn eiia ca quan nhd
nude nham giup ngudi dan cd cuge sdng on
dinh Idu dai la het siic can thiet. De bdo ddm
viec hd tic^ dugc hipu qud, Nhd nudc nen
theo CO che hd ug theo tung thdng djnh ky,
cac miic hd trg nay se cd sy dieu chinh, cd
tinh den yeu td Igm phdt vd tang gia Uong
khodng thdi gian chi trd. Vipc ehi Ud theo
tung thdng giiip co quan chiic nang ed the
de dang nam bat dugc nghe nghiep, cuge
sdng cua ngudi thy hudng sdt sao, tir dd cd
the thiet lap chinh sach hd Ug bd sung, nlu
ed the. Day Id bdi todn khd dat ra cho Nhd
nudc ta. Vi vgy, Nhd nudc nen cd tu van
vipe su dyng tien bdi thudng ra sao cho hipu
qua va cd chinh sdch bdo hiem thich hgp
vdi ngudi ndng dan cd ddt bj thu hdi.
Thu tu, quy dinh ciia phdp ludt chi

hudng den vipe ddo tgo nghe, tim kiem vipc
ldm ddi vdi cdc chii the cdn Uong dg tudi
lao ddng, md chua chu y tdi nhiing chii the
het tudi lao ddng. Nhd nudc cdn cd sy quan
tdm, hd tia de nhiing ddi tugng ndy ed the
an tdm vdi cudc sdng sau khi Nhd nudc thu
hdi ddt. Ve lau ddi, nen cd chinh sdch xem
xet hd trg chuyen ddi nghe vd tim kiem vipc
lam phu hgp cho ngudi het do tudi lao dgng
tai dja phuang, giam thieu ganh nang ve an
sinh xa hgi.
Ben canh nhung chinh sdch hd trg dao
tgo, ehuyen ddi nghe vd tim kiem vipc lam
mang tinh chat dinh khung, tgi cdc dja
phuang cdn van dung linh hogt chinh sach
•* Phan Minh, "Mgt so gidi phap tgo viic ldm cho lao
dgng nong thon hiin nay". Tap chi Quin li nong
nghi?p, s6 170/2010, tr. 45.

47


NHA NVdfC VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020

hd trg rieng cua tinh, keu ggi sy ho trg ciia
chii ddu tu, cac doanh nghiep... khi cac
chii the ndy trye tiep ddu tu kinh doanh
tren dat da thu hoi tii piiia ngudi dan. Day
dugc xem la phuang phdp chia se, can
bang Igi ich giiia nhimg chu the trong tiln

trinh thu hdi dat nham edng nghiep hda,
hien dai hda dat nudc^.
4. Ve trdch nhiSm d&o tao nghe va
giai quylt vi^c l^m ddi vdi tnrdng hgp
Nhd nud'c thu hoi dat ndng nghipp
Tren ca sd khodn 2, 3 Dieu 20 Nghi
djnh sd 47/2014/ND-CP, cd thi nhan thdy
trdch nhipm ddo tgo nghe vd gidi quyet vipc
ldm khi Nhd nudc thu hdi ddt ndng nghipp
ciia hg gia dinh, ca nhan true tiep sdn xuat
ndng nghipp chu yeu thugc ve Bg Lao ddng
- Thuang binh vd Xa hgi (chu tri, phdi hgp
vdi cdc bd ngdnh). Ben cgnh dd, UBND cap
tinh cd trdch nhiem can cir ca che, chinh
sdch gidi quylt viec lam da dugc Thu tudng
Chinh phii quyet dinh, chi dgo viec lap vd td
chlic thuc hien phucmg an ddo tao, ehuyen
ddi nghi vd tim kiem viec ldm cho ngudi
Uong do tudi lao ddng tai dia phuang.
Trong qua trinh lap phuong an ddo tao
chuyen ddi nghe va tim kiem vipc lam, phdi
lay y kien eua ngudi thu hdi dat.
Thyc tl cho thdy, cac dia phuang cd the
bdo cdo chi tiet sd lieu bao nhieu lao dgng
dugc ddo tao, nhung rdt it dia phuang cd tiie
nam rd bao nhieu lao ddng da dugc dao tao
nay cd viec lam dn dinh. Vipc quy dinh
trdch nhiem ciia Bd Lao dgng - Thuang
binh vd Xa hdi trong vdn de dao tgo vd gidi
quylt vipc ldm la can thiet. Song, ciing cdn

^ Phan Trung Hien, "NhOng dieu cdn biil ve boi
thuang. hd trg. tdi dinh cu khi Nhd nuac thu hot
ddt". Nxb. Chinh tri qu6c gia Sy th^t, nam 2017,
tr.244.

48

cd ca che phoi hgp vdi cdc ca quan tdi
nguyen vd mdi trudng (chu the phe duypt
phuong an ho trg nghe), trimg tdm phdt
Uiln quy dit (chii thi thyc hipn bdi thudng,
gidi phdng mgt bang) vd ehu ddu tu (dgc
biet Id ddi vdi cdc dy dn cdn sir dyng lao
ddng khi di vao hogt dgng) de cd nhung
phuang dn thich hgp. Trong cdc tieu chi
ddnh gid hieu qud ciia dy dn phdi cd tieu chi
bao cdo ve sd lugng ngudi dan mdt dat ndng
nghi8p dugc ddo tao vd giai quyet vipc ldm
dn dinh^.
Ben cgnh dd, mgc dii khodn 3 Dieu 20
Nghj djnh sd 47/2014/ND-CP cd quy djnh
van dl lay y kien Uong vipc dao tao nghe vd
tun kilm vipc ldm, nhung chua cy the, chua
ro vdn de trien khai tham van lay y kien nhu
thi ndo, chii thi liy y kiln Id ai? Theo quy
dinh, Uong qua trinh lgp phuang dn ddo tgo
chuyen doi nghi vd tim kilm vipc ldm phdi
lay y kien ciia "ngudi thu hoi dat". Do dd,
edn ldm ro thudt ngii "ngudi thu hdi ddt"
bao gom nhimg ai? Trong vdn de ndy, can

quy dinh vipc lay y kien phdi dugc trien
khai thu thap tir ngudi cd ddt bj thu hdi, chir
khdng phdi "ngudi thu hdi ddt". Q khia cgnh
khdc, ngay chinh co quan nhd nudc cd thdm
quyen eiing gap nhieu khd khan Uong qua
trinh thyc hipn do chua cd van bdn hudng
dan ey the ve trinh ty, thu tuc, td chiic tham
gia phdi hgp tham van y kien cdng ddng.
Gid djnh trudng hgp co quan cd thdm quyin
bd qua tien trinh tham vdn y kiln ddo tgo
chuyen ddi nghe vd tim kiem vipc lam se dp
dyng che tai xii ly ra sao?

* Phan Trung Hien, "Nhirng dieu cdn biit vi hoi
thucmg, ho trg, tdi dinh cu khi Nha nuac thu hoi
ddt", Nxb. Chinh tri qu6c gia Sy that, nim 2017,
tr.243.


HOAN THI$NPHAPLL

De khac phyc bit cap neu Uen, Nhd
nudc can ban hdnh van bdn hudng dan cy
the: Thiet lap co che xu ly vdi trudng hgp
ca quan nha nudc ed tham quyin khdng
thyc hi$n tiln trinh khdo sat, ghi nhdn y
kiln ddng gdp ciia nhan dan khi lay y kiln
phuang an dao tao nghe va tun kilm vipc
lam. Ca che tham van cgng ddng cd thi
dugc thye hipn mgt hogc nhilu Idn, cho din

khi dat dugc sy ddng thudn ciia cdng ddng.
Sau moi lan tham vdn, td chiic xdy dung
phuong dn cd Uach nhipm tdng hgp, bdo
cdo ket qua tham van, dilu chinh lai phucmg
dn hudng tdi dat dugc sy ddng thugn Uong
lan tham vin cgng dong tiep theo.

.AT...

Ket luan
Hodn thien phdp ludt vl hd tig khi Nha
nudc thu hdi ddt la mgt ddi hdi mang tinh
khdeh quan d Viet Nam. Yeu cau dgt ra
cho vipc hoan thien che djnh vl hd Ug Id
vira phai cd nhimg gidi phdp mang tinh
dmh hudng diing dan, phii hgp; vira phai
cd nhirng gidi phap thilt thyc. Cy thi, cdn
khic phyc dugc nhimg hgn chl, bat cgp
dang tdn tgi dnh hudng tieu cyc din vipc
hd Ug khi Nhd nudc thu hoi ddt; xdy dyng
mdt che djnh hd \x(j ndi chung va hd Ug
dao tgo, chuyen ddi nghi vd tim kiem vipc
ldm ndi rieng mang tinh hodn chinh thong
nhat, ddm bdo cdng bang tugng xiing vdi
nhung thipt hgi.

CTiep theo trang 30 - Ap dung quy dinh cda phdp lugt...)
thyc hipn hogt dgng do dge; (3) Van bdn
thdng bdo eho duang sy, ca quan, td chirc,
cd nhdn khac biet vd chiing kien viec do

dgc; (4) Van ban yeu cau ca quan do dac
gidi thich ket qud do dgc cua tda an; (5) Van
bdn yeu cau do dac bd sung, do dac lai; (6)
Van ban phdi hgp vdi lyc lugng Cdng an de
nghj hd Ug khi ed hdnh vi chdng ddi, cdn
trd hogt dgng do dac; (7) Cac van ban cdn
lap khi cd hdnh vi chdng ddi, cdn frd hogt
d^ng do dgc ldm ca sd xii ly vi pham hanh
chinh, truy ciiu trdch nhipm hinh sy.
Nhu vdy, do dgc la mgt trong nhimg
hoat dgng md tda an thudng tien hanh de
thu thgp thdng tin thdng qua bdn ve cua co
quan chuyen mdn, lam can cii gidi quyet cdc
vg dn dan sy khi yeu cau cua duong sy cd
lien quan quyen sii dyng ddt, cdy Udng, vdt

kien tnic Uen dat. Do Bg lugt To tyng Dan
su nam 2015 chua quy djnh hogt dgng do
dac id hogt ddng thu thap chiing eii nen Uen
thye te tda an thudng dp dyng cae quy dinh
cua phap ludt td tung ddn sy ve hoat dgng
xem xet, tham djnh tai ehd khi can do dgc.
Tuy nhien, viec dp dyng cde quy djnh ve
xem xet, thdm djnh tgi cho de do dgc Uong
thdi gian qua da phdt sinh nhieu vudng mac,
bat cap. Cho nen, ddi hdi can nhin nhan
diing tinh chdt cua hogt dgng do dgc, la hogt
ddng thu thgp chiing cii ddc lap, tdch khdi
hogt ddng xem xet, thdm djnh tgi cho, qua
dd, de xudt bd sung nhieu quy dinh mdi, siia

ddi, bd sung cdc quy djnh hipn hdnh cd lien
quan de giiip hogt ddng do dac dugc tiln
hanh de dang, phdt huy gia tri cua nd tren
thye te.

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