Khó khăn, vướng mắc qua việc áp dụng biện pháp khẩn cấp tạm thời trong tố tụng dân sự và kiến nghị hoàn thiện

THIIC TIEN PHAP LUAT

KHO KHAN, VirdNG MAC QUA VIEC AP DUNG BIEN PHAP KHAN CAP
TAM THdl TRONG TO TUNG DAN SIT VA KIEN NGHI HOAN THIEN
Thai Chi Binh*
*Th5. Toa an nhan dan huyen Chd Mdi, tinh An Giang.

Thdng tin bai viet:
Tic khoa: Bi^n phdp khan cap t^m
thai, BQ luit To t\mg dan su nam
2015.
L}ch su bdi viet:
Nh^nbai
12/03/2020
BiSntap
06/04/2020
Duy?t bai
14/04/2020
Article Infomatio n:
Key words: Tern] orary emergency
measures; the Civ • Procedure Code
of2015
Article History:
12 Mar. 2020
Received
Edited
06 Apr. 2020
Approved
14 Apr. 2020

Tom tat:

Bi$n phap khan cip tam thfri c6 vai tr6 vo cung quan trpng trong qua
trinh giai quyet v\i Sn, dam bao vi?c thi hanh dn vd kjp th6i bdo v?
quyin va lgi ich hgip phdp cua co quan, to chiic, cd nhan. Quy dinh
cua phdp li4t to tvmg dan sir hi?n hanh ve bi?n phdp khan cap t^m thoi
ca bdn ddm bdo vai tro ndy, t ^ sif thu^in lgi cho duong sif thvc hi^
quyen yeu cau ap d^g bifn phdp khan cap t^m thdi vd gi6p T6a dn
de ddng trong vi$c xem xet dp dyng, thay doi, huy bo bi?n phdp khan
cip t^m thai cung nhu gidi quyit khiiu nai, kien nghj. B£n c^nh m^t
tich ci^ do, quy dinh cua phdp lu^t to tyng dan s\r ve bi?n phdp khan
cdp t^m thai con ton t^i mgt so bdt c|ip, h^n che can dugc hodn thifn.
Abstract:
Temporary emergency measures play a crucial role in the process of
resolving cases, to ensure the execution of judgments and timely
protect the legitimate rights and interests of agencies, organizations
and individuals. The current civil procedural law on temporary
emergency measures basically assumes this role, facilitates the
litigants'rightto request the application of the temporary emergency
measures and helps tbe court to review, apply, change and cancel the
temporary emergency measures as well as settle complaints and
petitions. In addition, the current civil procedural law on temporary
emergency measures still contains some shortcomings that need to be
fiirther improved.

N

hi$m vi^ quan trong ciia to tung ddn
su (TTDS) noi ehung, vi?c gidi quyet
vu dn ddn su noi rieng Id gop phan
bdo ve quyen con ngueri, quyen cong ddn, bdo
v? lgi ich cua Nha nuoc, quyen va Igi ich hgp

plidp eua ea quan, to chuc, cd nhan'. De thue
hifn nhi?m vy ndy, m$t trong nhihig cong cu
dugc B0 luat To timg dan su nam 2015

1 Xem Dieu 1 Bglu$tTot\ingdans\rnam2015.
2 Xem Diiu 111 Bf luHt T6 tyng dan sif nam 2015.
HClhl
I
K l HL AOP H l lPHAP_/S6

12 (412) - T6/2020

(BLTTDS nam 2015) su dung Id quy dinh che
dinh bien phdp khdn cap t^im thdi (BPKCTT)
nham tam thoi gidi quyet yeu cdu cap bdch
ciia duong svr, bdo v? tmh mang, siic khoe, tdi
sdn, thu thdp ehiing cii, bao v? chiing cii, bdo
todn tinh h^ing hien co trdnh gay thi?t hai
khong thi khdc phuc dugc, ddm bdo cho vifc
gidi quyet v\i dn hodc vi?e thi hanh dn^.


THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
Vditinhthdn do, BLTTDS nam 2015 da
lift ke 17 loai BPKCTT cu the duoc dp d\mg
tai Dieu 114 va lan lugt quy dinh c\i thi timg
BPKCTT tai cdc dilu tir Dilu 115 din Dilu
132 Bp luat nay. Nhin chung, quy dinh cua
BLTTDS vl timg BPKCTT dugc dp dyng la
tuong doi cu the, chi tiet, tao su thudn lgi

trong vifc dp d\mg. Tuy nhien, qua thuc tiln
nghien eihi, dp dung thi quy dinh d6i voi tiing
BPKCTT phdt sinh mpt vai hgn ehe, tao ra su
thieu thong nhat khi dp dung trong thyc tiln.
1. Mdt so kho khdn, viroug mdc qua vifc
dp dung bien phdp khin cdp t^m thfd
trong th tung ddn s\f

nhdn dan huyfn A, tinh T, ba Tran H6ng L
duac ly hon vcri ong H; ba L dugc quyin
nuoi duong eon chung ten Huynh Ngpc K,
smh ngdy 11/10/2016. Chi cue Thi hdnh an
dan su huyfn A da giao chdu K cho ong Trdn
Hdng T (cha rupt ciia ba L) nhdn nuoi duang
do duge bd L iiy quyin. Tuy nhien, do ong T
nudi duang chdu K khdng dung vdi ban dn
da tuyen, Id ngueri ldn tudi, vvmg vl trong
vifc chdm soc tre nho nen dng H da mang
chau K vl nuoi duong sau khi dng T nh^n
chdu K khodng 15 phiit. Vi v^y, dng H yeu
cdu thay ddi ngudi tr^rc tiep nudi con, giao
chdu K cho dng H nudi duong.

1.1. Boi v&i bipn phdp "giao ngu&i
chua thdnh nien, ngu&i bf mat hoge hgn
chi ndng Iffc hdnh vi ddn s^ cho cd nhdn
hodc to chuc trong nom, nuoi du&ng, chdm
soc, gido d^c**
Dilu 115 BLTTDS nam 2015 quy djnh,
viec dp d(mg BPKCTT giao nguai ehua

thdnh niSn, nguod mat nang l\rc hdnh vi ddn
su, nguoi CO kho khan trong nh$n thiic, ldm
ehii hdnh vi cho cd nhdn hoge to chiie tr6ng
nom, nuoi duong, cham soc, gido due dugc
dp dung neu vifc gidi quyet v\i dn co lien
quan den nhung ngu6i ndy md hp chua co
nguoi gidm hf.
Trong thuc tiln, vifc dp dyng quy dinh
ndy phdt sinh vuong mac trong truang hgp
nguai ehua thdnh nign co ngudi dai difn hgp
phdp, nguai gidm hp nhimg hp dang do
nguoi kh6ng co quyen nu6i duong chidm
giir thi nguoi co quyen nuoi duong co duge
y6u cku dp d\mg BPKCTT ndy hay khdng.
Vuong mdc nay dugc the hifn thong qua vu
dn c\i the sau^:
Theo dan khoi kifn, ong Huynh Nggc H
cho ring, theo ban dn hon nhdn vd gia dinh
so thdm so 629/2018/HNGD-ST ciia Toa dn

Trong qud trinh gidi quylt vii an, do yen
cdu giao trd chdu K nhimg dng H khdng
chap nhdn nen ba L eo dem yeu cau Tda dn
dp dung BPKCTT theo Dieu 115 BLTTDS
nam 2015. Tuy nhien, Toa dn nhdn ddn
huyfn A da khdng chdp nhdn ySu cdu cua bd
L do chau K dang co nguoi dgi difn hgp
phdp, ngudi gidm hd theo quy dinh cua phdp
lugt la bd L, dng H.
Vifc Tda dn nhdn dan huyfn A tCr chdi

yeu cau eua Bd L dua tren can cii sau: Theo
quy dinh ciia khodn 1 Dieu 136 Bf ludt Ddn
su nam 2015 (BLDS ndm 2015), cha m? la
ngudfi dai difn theo phap Iuat ddi voi con
chua thdnh nien. Ddng thdi, cdc Dieu 46,47
BLDS nam 2015 quy dinh, ddi vcri ngudi
ehua thdnh nien, vifc gidm hg eho hg chi dat
ra khi hp khdng cdn cha, me hoac khdng xdc
dinh dugc cha, me; cd cha, m? nhung cha,
m? dlu mat ndng luc hdnh vi dan s\r; cha, m?
dlu cd khd khan trong nhdn thiic, lam chii
hdnh vi; cha, me deu bi han chi nang Ivrc
hdnh vi dan su; cha, me deu bi Tda an tuyen
bd han chi quyin ddi vdi con; cha, me ddu
khdng CO dieu kifn cham sdc, gido due con
vd cd yeu cdu ngudi gidm hd. Trong khi bd
L yen cdu dp dyng BPKCTT, chdu K dang

3 Vy an hon nhan va gia dinh so tham thy ly so 742/2019/TLST-HNGD ngdy 23 thdng 8 nam 2019 ve vifc
"tranh chap vi thay d6i nguoi tryc tiip nuoi con sau khi ly hon" giira nguyen dem ong Huynh Nggc H vdi
bj dan bd Tran H6ng L ciia Tda dn nhdn dan huy?n C, tinh A.
NGHltN CUU I EO
S6 12 (412) - T6/202O^ L A P P H A P


THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
c6 nguai dai dien hgp phdp Id dng H, bd L.
Vi v^y, khdng cd ca sd de Tda an dp dimg
BPKCTT theo yeu cdu cua bd L.
Tuy nhiea a day can phdi hieu thudt ngu"ngudi gidm hp" theo nghia rpng gdm

"ngudi dgi difn theo phdp ludt, nguai gidm
hg" vd phdi la vifc dai difn, giam hg hgp
phap. Trong trucmg hgp ndy, theo bdn dn cua
Tda dn da co hifu li^c phdp ludt, ba L la
ngudd dai difn theo phdp ludt va cd quyen
nudi duang chdu K. "Viec dng H giir clidu K
ma khdng ed su ding y cua bd L dnh hudng
den quyen nudi duong con ehung eua bd L.
Vi vgy, bd L hodn todn cd quyen yeu cau Tda
dn dp dyng BPKCTT tai Dilu 115 BLTTDS
nam 2015.
1.2. Ddi v&i bipn phdp "ke bien tdi sdn
dang tranh chap" vd bipn phdp "cam
chuyin dich quyin vi tdi sdn ddi v&i tdi sdn
dang tranh chdp'*
Khodn 1 Dilu 120 BLTTDS nam 2015
quy dinh, ke bien tai sdn dang tranh chdp
dugc dp dyng neu trong qud trinh giai quyet
v\i dn cd can cii eho thdy ngueri giir tai sdn
dang tranh chdp cd hdnh vi tdu tan, hiiy hoai
tdi sdn.
Dilu 121 BLTTDS nam 2015 quy dinh,
cam chuyin dich quyen vl tdi sdn ddi vdi tdi
sdn dang tranh ch4p dugc dp d\mg nlu trong
qud trinh gidi quyet vy dn ed can cii eho thdy
ngudi dang chiem hiiu hoac giu tdi sdn dang
tranh chap cd hdnh vi chuyen dieh quyen ve
tdi sdn ddi vdi tai sdn dang tranh chip cho
ngudi khac.
Nhu vay, cd thd thay rang, mac du

BPKCTT duge quy dinh a hai dilu khdc
nhau nhung cd su trung ldp ve myc dich
huong din. Theo dd, bifn phdp ke bien tai
sdn cd mye dich hucmg den Id ngan chan
hdnh vi tdu tdn, hiiy hoai tai sdn; bien phdp
cdm chuydn dich quyin vl tdi sdn cd mye
dich hudng din la ngan chan hanh vi chuyen
dich quydn ve tdi sdn. Tuy nhien, "chuy6n
dich quyen ve tai sdn" cimg la mpt d ^ g cua
hdnh vi "tdu tdn tdi sdn". Ddng thdi, khi tai
sdn bi kd bien thi mac nhidn tdi sdn dd khdng
the bi chuyen dich quyen ve tdi sdn'*.
Ve chu the quan ly tdi sdn bi dp dyng
BPKCTT: Bien phap ke bidn tdi sdn dp dyng
ddi vci "ngudi giu tdi sdn dang tranh chdp";
bifn phdp cam chuyen dich quyen vl tdi sdn
dp dung doi vdi "ngueri dang chiem huu tdi
sdn tranh chdp, hoac ngudi dang giu tdi sdn
tranh chip". Tuy nluen, "ngudi dang chilm
hihi tdi sdn dang tranh chdp" cd hdnh vi tdu
tdn, hiiy hoai tdi sdn thi ciing can phdi dp
dung BPKCTT "ke bien tdi sdn" do hgu qud
ciia nd ddi vcri tdi sdn bi dp dyng BPKCTT
Id nhu nhau. Hon niia, theo Tir dien tilng
\^ft, kl bidn tdi sdn Id "vipc ghi lgi timg tdi
sdn, cam vipc tdu tdn. phd huy, de ddm bdo
cho viec xet xu vd thi hdnh dn"^ hay ke bidn
Id "tgm thai cdm vgn chuyin, chuyin ddi.
dinh dogt hoge chuyen dich tdi sdn cua

nguai vi phgm phdp ludf'^; edn tdu tan Id
"phdn tdn di nhieu nai de gidu"''; huy hogi
Id "ldm cho hu hong, tan ndt dC^. Nhu vgy,
ke bien tdi sdn la nhdm trdnh tau tan, huy
hogi. Trong do, chuyen dich Id "thay ddi
hodc ldm thay doi vi tri trong khodng ngdn"
hoac "chuyen quyen sa hiru'^. Chinh \ri vdy.

4 Phdp lu^t thi hdnh dn dan s\r cung co cdch hieu tuong ty. Theo d6, Lu^t Thi hanh dn dan sy ndm 2008, dugc
sira doi, bo sung nam 2014 quy dinh, khi tien hanh cudng chi d6i vin tdi san Id v^t trong qud trinh tbi hdnh
an, CO quan thi hdnh dn dan su, chap hdnh vien dp dung bifn phdp "kS biSn tai san" md kh6ng quy dinh kim
theo bi?n phap "cim chuyen djch quyen ve tai san".
5 Til diin cac thu^t ngu phap ly thong dyng, 1999, Nxb. Thdnh ph6 Ho Chi Minh.
6 Xem: />7 Xera: Vifn Ngon ngu hgc, Tu diin tiing Viet, Nxb. Tu diin Bdch Khoa, 2012, tr. 1156.
8 Xem: Vifn Ng6n ngu hgc, Tu dien tiing Viet, Nxb. Tu dien Bach Khoa, 2012, tr.609.
9 Xem: Vifn Ngon ngfl hgc, Tir diin tiing Vi^t, Nxb. Tix diin Bach Khoa, 2012, tr.252.
/
M lNOHieHCUU
L A P P H A P _ / S 6 12 (412) - T6/2020


THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
xet vk mit ng6n ngu, "ke bien tai s4n" co
ph^m vi bao trim "cSm chuyjn djch quyen
ve tai sdn".
Ben canh do, quy dinh ve pham vi chu
thS quan Ijr tai san bi dp dyng BPKCTT tai
cac DiSu 120,121 BLTTDS nam 2015 chua
bao qudt cdc chii the qudn ly tdi sdn can bi
dp d\ing BPKCTT do khong dS c|p "chu so

hiiu tdi sdn tranh chap" bj dp d\mg BPKCTT.
Di^u do CO nghia la, neu "chu sof huu tdi san
tranh chdp" co hanh vi tau tdn, hiiy hoai tdi
sdn ho^c c6 hanh vi chuyen djch quyen ve
tdi sdn md hp khong "dang chiem hiiu" ho^c
"dang giir tdi san dang tranh chdp" thi khdng
the dp d\mg cdc BPKCTT d6i v6i hp. Di^u
nay la khong hpp ly. Boi vi, tren th\rc te vd
theo quy dinh ciia phdp ludt dan s\t, chu so
hiiu tai sdn hodn todn c6 the thirc hi^n hanh
vi tiu tdn, hiiy hoai tdi sdn hoac chuyen dich
quyen ve tai sdn ngay cd khi hg khdng dang
chiem h ^ h o ^ giu" tai sdn.
Ngodi ra, do chua co huong dan cy the
nen vi^c xdc dinh "tai sdn dang tranh chap"
trdn th\rc tk van dupc hieu theo hai cdch khdc
nhau.
Cdch hieu thu nhdt, "tdi sdn dang tranh
chap" dupc quy dinh tai cdc Dilu 120, 121
BLTTDS nam 2015 Id tdi sdn dang bi tranh
chip quySn sd huu, dang bi doi lai, bi yeu
ciu hodn trd, khSng bao g6m tdi sdn la d6i
tupng ciia cdc giao dich dang tranh chip.
Cdch hieu thu hai, tdi sdn dang tranh
chip cin phdi hilu 6 nghia rpng bao g6m tdi
sdn dang co tranh chip ve viec ai la ngudi
cd quyen sd hiiu, sii dung, chiSm huu va tdi
sdn Id doi tupng ciia cdc giao dich dang tranh
chip. Tuy nhien, de dp dyng thdng nhat can
bd sung rd dac diem ciia tdi sdn dang tranh

chap.

1.3. Bdi v&i bifn phap "cdm hofc bugc
thifc hifn hdnh vi nhat dinh "
Didu 127 BLTTDS nam 2015 quy dinh,
cim hoac bupc thyc hi$n hdnh vi nhit dinh
dupc dp dvmg ndu trong qua trinh gidi quylt
vu dn CO can cii cho thay, duomg su hoac co
quan, td chuc, ca nhan khac th\rc hien hodc
khdng thuc hi^n mpt hoac mpt sd hdnh vi
nhat dinh ldm dnh hudng ddn vi?c gidi quyet
vy dn, quydn vd lpi ich hpp phap cila ngudi
khdc cd lien quan trong vu an dang dupc Tda
dn gidi quyet.
Tuy nhien, quy dinh ciia Dieu 127 vd
tinh tao khodng trdng dd duong sy lam dving,
ne trdnh khi ydu ciu Tda dn dp dyng
BPKCTT trong thuc tiin. Theo dd, duong sy
cd the yeu cau Tda dn dp diing BPKCTT tgi
Dilu 127 de bupc ngudi dang chilm hiiu,
ngudi giii tai sdn hoac chu sd huu tdi san (md
khdng phdi tai sdn tranh chap) khdng dupc
tiu tdn, hiiy hcai tdi sdn hodc cd hdnh vi
chuyin dich quyin ve tdi sdn cho ngudi khdc
hoJc yeu cau dp dung BPKCTT dli vdi phin
tdi sdn cd gid tri ldn hon nghia vy cua ngudi
bi dp dyng BPKCTT. Trong khi dd, cdc ydu
ciu ndy thuc chit thu§c pham vi dp dyng
BPKCTT tai cdc Dilu 120, 121, 125, 126
BLTTDS nam 2015. Sy bit cdp ndy dupc thi

hien thdng qua 02 vu an cy thi sau day:
Vu dn thu nhit": Theo don khdi kien vd
ldi khai cung cip trong qud trinh gidi quyet
vu dn, nguyen don dng Nguyen Thanh T
trmh bdy, ngay 25/12/2015, dng T cd nh$n
chuyin nhupng tir dng A, bd L quyen sil
dung dit ndng nghiep dien tich 1 .OOOm^ tpa
Ijc tai ip L, xa L, huydn T, tinh B, voi gid
90.000.000 ddng. Vi$c chuyin nhupng cd
lap thdnh van ban, cd xdc nhan cua Ban ap
L, xa L, khdng cdng chung, chung thuc. Sau
dd, dng T nhilu lin yeu ciu thuc hidn thii tyc

10 Ho so vvifadto sv so thim thy ly so 326/2019/TLST-DS ngay 25 thang 7_nam 2019 vS vijc "tranh chip
hop dong chuyin nhu(mg quyin sic dyng dat" giiia nguySn don ong Nguyen Thtoh T vm bi don ong Le
Vfa A, ba D$ng Thj Tuyit L ciia T6a fa nhfa dan huy?n T, tinh B.
NGHltN CUU I CE
S4l2(«2)-T6a020^tAP P H A P


THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
cong chiing, sang ten nhtmg ong A, ba L hiia
hen ma khong thirc hien. Quyen su dung dat
chuyen nhugng thupc thua sol 10, ta ban do
s6 63, CO dien tich 2.937m^ da dugc Uy ban
nhan dan huyen T, tinh B cip quyen sir dung
cho ong A, ba L theo gidy chiing nhan quy&n
sii dyng dSt, quyen sa hiru nha a va tai san
khac g4n \ihn voi dat s6 CH02555 ngay
08/10/2014. Khi chuyin nhugng hai ben chi

tu xac dinh ranh gicri tren thuc dia ma khong
nha ca quan chuyen mon do ve. Vi vay, ong
T khoi ki?n yeu cau tiep tuc thuc hien hgp
dong chuyen nhugng quyen su diing dat ngay
15/12/2015 giua ong T voi ong A, ba L.
Trong qua trinh giai quyet vu an, cho
rang 6ng A, ba L co hanh vi chuyen nhugng
quy^n su dyng d4t dien tich 2.937m^ thupc
thua s6 110, tcr ban do so 63 va ong T khong
xac dinh dugc vi tri phan dat dien tich
l.OOOm^trong phan dat dien tich 2.937m^
cho nen ong T yeu cau Toa an ap dyng
BPKCTT tai DiSu 127 Bp luat T6 tung dan
sy nam 2015, cam ong A, ba L chuyen
nhugng quyen su dyng dat dien tich
2.937m^ thupc thua s6 110, tb ban d6 s6 63.
Ngay 05/8/2019, Toa an nhan dan huyen T
ban hanh Quylt dinh ap dyng BPKCTT theo
yeu cau cua ong T.
Vu dn thir hai": Theo don khai kien
ng^y 13/5/2019, nguyen dan ong Huynh
Van T trinh bay, vao ngay 17/02/2019, ong
T CO cho ba Nguyen Thi D vay so tien
50.000.000 dong, lai suit 5%/thang, then han
vay 01 nam. Hai ben co lap bien nhan the
hi$n. Tu liic vay tien den nay, ba D khong
dong lai cho ong T. Do ba D vi pham nghia
vy tra lai nen ong T khai kien yeu cau Toa
an nhan dan huy?n T, tinh B bupc ba D tra

II

lai s6 tiln vay 50.000.000 d6ng va tiln lai
theo quy dinh cua phap luat.
Trong qua trinh giai quyet vy an, do biet
ba D dugc cip quyen sir dyng dat nong
nghiep difn tich 3.500m^ theo giiy chung
nhan quyen su dung dat so CS03878 ngay
15/9/2017 ciia Uy ban nhan dan huy?n T,
tmh B va ba D dang thuc hien thii tyc chuyin
nhugng cho nguoi khac nen de dam bao cho
vi?c thi hanh an, ong T yeu cau Toa an ap
dung BPKCTT tai Dilu 127 Bp lu^t T6 tyng
dan su nam 2015, cam ba D chuyen nhugng
quyin su dung dat dien tich 3.500m^. Ngay
21/8/2019, Toa an nhan dan huy?n T ban
hanh Quyet dinh ap dyng BPKCTT theo yeu
cau cua ba D.
Can cii de Toa an nhan dan huyen T ap
dung BPKCTT d6i vai 02 truing hgp nay la
quy dinh ciia Dilu 127 BLTTDS nam 2015
khong bit bupc doi tugng bi ap dyng la tai
san dang tranh chap, khong gidi han gia tri
tai san trong ph^m vi doi tugng giao djch
dang tranh chip va khdng giai han hanh vi
bi cim thyc hien. Tuy nhien, chiing toi cho
ring, Dilu 127 BLFTDS nam 2015 quy dinh
theo huong ma. Theo do, khi hanh vi bi cam
ho^c bupc phai thyc hi?n, khong thupc ph^m
vi ap dyng cua cac BPKCTT kh4c mk

BLTTDS nam 2015 quy dinh, moi dugc ap
dyng BPKCTT tai Dilu 127. Trong khi do,
viec cam thyc hi?n hanh vi chuyen nhugng
quyen su dyng dat thupc pham vi ap dyng
BPKCTT tai Dilu 120, Dilu 121 BLTTDS
nam 2015. Han niia, theo quy djnh cua Dieu
136 BLTTDS su nam 2015, khi yen ciu ap
dyng BPKCTT tai cac Dieu 120, 121
BLTTDS nam 2015 thi nguoi yeu ciu phai
thuc hifn bien phap bao dam. Trong khi d6.

Ho so vy an dan sif sa tham thu ly s6 347/2019/rLST-DS ngay 06 thang 8 nam 2019 ve vi?c "tranh chap
hiTp dong dan s\f vay tiii san" giua nguySn don ong Huynh Van T voi bj don ba Nguyen Th} B cua Tda &n
nhan dan huy^n T, tinh B.

56 NGHllN Citu
I A P

j

PHAP^S612(412)-T6/2020


THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
viec ap dung BPKCTT t^i Dilu 127
BLTTDS nam 2015 lai khong phai thuc hien
bi?n phap bao dam. Vi vay, viec Toa an
nhan dan huyen T ap dyng BPKCTT se dan
den bat hgp ly la ngu6fi yeu ciu ap dung
BPKCTT doi vai tai san dang tranh chip

theo Dilu 120, Dilu 121 BLTTDS nam
2015 phai thuc hifn bifn phap bao dam
(phdi thyc hien nghTa vy kem theo). Tuy
nhign, ngu6i yeu cau npi dung tuang tu d6i
vai tai san khong phai la tai san dang tranh
chip tai Dilu 127 BLTTDS nam 2015 lai
khong phai thuc hifn bien phap bao dam
(kh6ng phai thuc hifn nghia vy kem theo).
1.4. Vipc dp dving bipn phdp khan cdp
tgm th&i doi v&i tdi sdn da chuyen nhugng
cho ngu&i thu ba nhung chua hodn thdnh
thu tffc chuyen nhugng
Hifn nay, vifc ap dyng BPKCTT doi voi
truong hpp quyen su dyng dat da dupc
chuyen nhugng cho nguoi thir ba, chua hoan
thanh thu tuc nhung co dieu kien cong nhan
giao dich'^ con dugc hieu khac nhau.
Cdch hieu thu nhdt, Toa an khong chap
nhan y^u ciu ap dung BPKCTT do quyin sir
dyng dat da chuyen nhupng cho nguoi khac
truoc thai diem yeu ciu. Mac du chua hoan
thanh thu tuc nhung co dii dieu kifn cong
nhdn nen khong con la tai san cua ngueri hi
yeu ciu.
Cdch hiiu thu hai, Toa an van dugc ap
dyng BPKCTT. Boi vi, theo quy djnh ciia
phap luat dat dai, phdp luat dan su, giao dich
chua hoan thanh thii tyc de ngueri nhdn
chuyen nhugng quyen sir dung dat dupc

cong nhan la nguai co quyen sii dung nen
can phai ap dyng BPKCTT. Khi Toa an ap
dyng BPKCTT, nguai bi yen cau se tham gia
to tyng vcri tu each nguai co quyin lpi, nghia
vy lien quan. Hp co quyen yeu ciu d6c lap
de Toa an cong nhan giao dich ciia hp, qua
do, xac dinh hp co quyen su dung dit. Trong
truang hpp, viec yeu ciu ap dung BPKCTT
gay thift hgi cho nguai nhan chuyin nhugng
thi hp CO quyen yeu cdu Toa an bupc nguoi
yeu cau ap dung BPKCTT bdi thuang theo
khoan 1 Dilu 113 BLTTDS nam 2015 va
myc 11 Phin IV Giai dap s6 01/2017/GDTANDTC ngay 07/4/2017 ciia Toa an nhan
dan toi cao'^.
Tuy nhien, trong truong hgp Toa an
chip nhan ap dyng BPKCTT ma phat sinh
thiet hai cho nguoi thii ba thi nguoi yeu cau
ap dyng BPKCTT phai boi thudng. Vifc
bu6c nguoi yeu ciu dp dyng BPKCTT phai
boi thudng la chua hgp ly. Bdi vi, Tda an cd
the tir chdi dp dyng de trdnh thift hai phdt
sinh neu cd quy dinh.
2. Kiln nghi
De khac phyc cdc kho khan, vudng mac
tu viec ap dung quy dinh ciia phdp luat
TTDS vl cac BPKCTT neu tren, chung tdi
cd mgt sd kien nghi sau:
Mpt Id, doi vai bien p h ^ "giao ngudi chua
thaiih nien, ngudi bi mat hoac han ch6 nang luc
hanh vi dan sy cho ca nhan hoac td chiic trdng

nom, nudi dudng, cham sdc, gido dye":
Siia ddi Dilu 115 thay cum tir "nguai
gidm hp" thdnh "nguai gidm hp hodc nguai
dgi dien hgp phdp theo quy dinh cua phdp

12 Nhu: (I) Vifc cong nh^n hop d6ng chuyin nhupng quyin su: dung dit trong tnrcmg hpp hop dong co mot
s6 vi pham theo mvc 2 Phin II Nghi quyfit s6 02/2004/NQ-HDTP ngay 10/8/2004 cua Hpi dong Thim
ph4n T6a dn nhan dan t6i cao huong dan ap dyng phdp lu^t trong viSc giai quylt cac vy an dan sv, hon
nhdn gia dinh; (2) c6ng n h ^ giao djch dan sy do khong tuan thu quy djnh vk hinh thiic theo Dieu 129 Bp
lu^t Ddn sy nam 2015.
13 Theo do, vi?c giai quyet b6i thucmg thi?t h^i do yeu cdu dp dyng BPKCTT khong dung dupc tiln hanh
trong Cling vy an dan sy. Trudng hyp ducmg sy yeu cdu giai quyet vdn de boi thucmg thiet hai nay ma chua
c6 dilu ki?n chung minh thi yeu cau bii thudng do c6 thi tach ra dl giai quylt bang vu an dan sy khac
NGHltN Ctru I
S612{412)-T6/202O\_LAP

P H A P

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THUC HEN PHAP LUAT
lugt hodc theo bdn dn, quyet dinh cua Toa cua nguai khdc co lien quan trong vu dn
dang dugc Toa dn gidi quyet.
dn dd hipu luc phdp ludf\
Hdnh vi bf cdm hodc bupc thuc hipn tgi
Hai la, ddi vdi bifn phdp "ke bien tdi
Bieu ndy khong thupc phgm vi hdnh vi bi cdm
sdn dang tranh chap" va bien phdp "cam
hodc bupc thuc Men cda cdc BPKCTT khdc

chuyen dich quyen ve tdi sdn ddi vdi tai sdn
dugc quy dinh tir Bieu 115 den Bieu...."
dang tranh chip":
Ddng thdi, bd sung khodn 3 quy dinh ve
Sira doi Dilu 120, 121 BLTTDS nam
trdch nhifm cua ngudi yeu cau dp dyng
2015 theo hudng nhap npi dung cua Dilu
BPKCTT tai Dilu 127 BLTTDS nam 2015
121 vao Dieu 120 vdi ngi dung nhu sau:
vdo Dilu 136 BLTTDS nain 2015 theo
"Diiu 120. Ke bien tdi sdn dang tranh hudng trong trudng hpp cd thi gay thiet h?ii
chdp
cho ngudi bi dp dyng BPKCTT hoac ngudi
1. Ke bien tdi sdn dang tranh chdp dugc thii ba vdi npi dung nhu sau:
dp dung neu trong qud trinh gidi quyet vyi dn
"3. Nguai yeu cdu dp dgng BPKCTT
CO cdn cu cho thdy nguai chiem hihi tdi sdn cdm hodc bupc thuc hipn hdnh vi nhdt dinh
tranh chap, nguai giu tdi sdn tdi sdn tranh tgi Bieu... Bp lugt ndy phdi thuc hipn bipn
chdp hoge chu sa hihi tdi sdn tranh chdp co phdp bdo ddm theo quy dinh tgi cdc khodn
hdnh vi tdu tdn, huy hogi hoac co hdnh vi
I, 2 Bieu ndy trong truang hgp npi dung yeu
chuyen dfch quyen ve tdi sdn doi vai tdi sdn cdu do CO the gdy thipt hgi cho nguoi bi dp
dang tranh chap cho nguai khdc.
dung BPKCTT hope ngu&i thic ba".
2. Tdi sdn bf ke bien co the dugc thu giU,
Chuyin Dilu 127 xudng sau Dilu 131
bdo qudn tgi ca quan thi hdnh dn ddn su
BLTTDS nam 2015.
hoge lgp bien bdn giao cho mpt ben duang
sdn Id, vifc dp dyng bifn phap khin cap

su hoge nguai thu ba qudn ly cho den khi co tam thdi ddi vdi tdi san da chuyen nhupng
quyit dinh cua Toa dn.
cho ngudi thir ba nhimg chua hodn thdnh thu
3. Tdi sdn dang co tranh chdp tgi khodn tyc chuyin nhupng:
D I dp dung thdng nhat vifc dp dyng
1, khodn 2 Dieu ndy bao gom tdi sdn dang
bf tranh chdp quyen sa hiru, sir dicing, chiembifn phdp khan cap tam thdi doi vol tai sdn
hOu vd tdi sdn Id doi tirgng cua cdc giao dfch da chuySn nhugng cho ngudi thii ba nhung
chua hoan thdnh thu tyc chuyin nhugng,
ddn su bf tranh chdp".
Ba Id, doi vdi bifn phdp "cam hoac bupc Tda dn nhdn dan toi cao can ban hanh hudng
dan nhu sau:
thyc hien hanh vi nhat dinh":
"Niu yeu dp dgng BPKCTT ddi vai
Siia ddi Dilu 127 BLTTDS nam 2015
quyen sir dung ddt dd chuyin nhugng cho
theo hudng chuyin bifn phdp "cim hoac
nguai thir ba, thu tgc chuyen nhugng chua
bupc thyc hifn hdnh vi nhat dinh" xudng vi
hodn thdnh nhung theo quy dinh cua phdp
tri cuoi danh sdch cac BPKCTT dugc lift ke
lugt CO lien quan, co ca sa de cong nhgn
va sira ddi, bb sung BPKCTT nay vai npi
giao dfch thi Toa dn cdn gidi thich cho nguai
dung nhu sau:
yeu cdu biet bdng bdn bdn. Tru&ng hgp Toa
"Cdm hodc bupc thifC hipn hdnh vi nhdt dn da ^idi thich md nguai yeu cdu vdn giir
dfnh dugc dp dung niu trong qud trinh gidi yeu cdu thi Toa dp dp dung theo quy dinh
quyet vi^ dn co cdn cir cho thdy duang su ciia phdp lugt to tung ddn su. Trong truang
hoge ca quan, td chirc, cd nhdn khdc thuc hgp phdt sinh thipt hgi cho ngirai biyeu cdu,

hipn hoge khong thifc hipn mpt hoge mot sd nguai thic ba thi ngudi yeu cdu phdi bdi
hdnh vi nhdt dinh ldm dnh huong den viec
thuang theo quy dinh tgi Bieu 113 Bp lugt
gidi quyit vu dn, quyen vd lgi ich hgp phdp
To tung ddn su"' •
I
M lHOHllNCUU
L A P P H A P _ / S 6 12 (412) - T6/2020