Những giá trị đặc sắc của pháp luật dân sự phong kiến việt nam

lUAT

NH0NG GIA TRI DAC SAC CUA
PHAP LUAT DAN SU PHONG KIEN VIET NAM
•

HATH! LAN P H U O N G

Tom t i t :
Phap luat dan stf phong kien Vi6t Nam la mot trong nhSng npi dung lien bp dac sac cua nen
van hoa phap luSt ntfdc ta. Chung diTpc blnh thanh va phdt trien qua hang nghin nam vdi nhieu
gia tri da trd thanh phong tuc tap qudn. Trong do, quyen nhSn than cung nhif tai san cua cac
thanh vien gia dinh vS xa hpi deu difdc phap luat bao ve. Quyen tai san cua ngifcti phu niJ
difpc ton trpng, tiif sd hffu, hdp d6ng den thifa kg'. Quan he tai san vd chong vCfa doc l§p vijfa
lien k6't. Quyen tai san giifa cha me, cac con difpc quy dinh ro rang, phii hdp, tien bp.
Kho tang cd luSt Viet Nam vin con ra't nhieu gia tri can du'dc nghien cifu de xay dUng mot
nen phap luSt b^n viJng, ket noi hai hoa giifa truyen thdng vdi difdng dai.
Tuf khoa: Phap luait dSn sif phong kien, gia tri dac s^c.

1. Vai net ve phap luat dan si^ trong lich su*
Viet Nam
Phap luat dan sif la Iinh vifc quan trpng dac biet
dO'i vdi tOfng ca nhan, gia dinh va cpng dong xa hoi.
Nghien cu'u so sanh cho tha'y, iinh vifc dan sif trong
cd luSt th6' gidi du'dc cac nha nu'dc phifdng Tay
quan tam, xay drfng va dieu chinh. Tiif luat Dan sif
La Ma de'n Lu3t Salic. LuSt dan sif Napoleon de'n
Luat dan sif tif sanl. Trie't ly can ban cua phifdng
Tay ve sd hiJu, quyen sd hifu deu hu'dng de'n bao
ve quy^n tif hiJu tai san, theo do sd hilu tif nhan la
dieu thi^ng lieng ba't kha xam pham. Ngu'dc lai,

phdp luat quan chu cac nifdc phu'dng Dong, mac
du CO nhffng quy dinh dieu chinh ve che do sd hifu,
bao ve quyen sd hiTu ca nhan, gia dinh va xa hpi,
song quyen sd hiTu va dinh doat to'i cao van thupc
ve Nha nu'dc, difng dau la nhiJng ong vua chuyen
che' 2. LTnh vifc dan sif trong cd luat phifdng Dong
deu difa tren sif ket ndi dang cap, gia toe, gia dinh

gia trifdng, coi trong quyen trifdng nam, trifdng ho,
tru'dng toe vdi vai tro quye't dinh cua ngu'di dan ong
trong gia dinh va cpng dong xa hpi.
Trong truyen thdng lich SLf Viet Nam, quyin sd
hffu to'i cao cung thupc ve vua chua, nhuhg d linh
vffc phap luat dan sif, luat Viet coi trpng quyen tai
san ciia vO chdng, cha me va cac con. Theo cac
nha nghien cu'u cd luat A chau, mpl trong nhffng
gia tri dac sac nha't cua phap lual phong kien Viet
Nam la ve quan he tai san gia dinh3. Difdc quy
dinh trong cac Bp luat va Hpi dien, d cac chffdng
Hp hdn, Dien san, Luat Hp, npi dung cua phap luat
phong kien the hien sif khac biet giifa luat Dai Viet
vdi Trung Hoa va phap luat phong kien d cac nha
nifdc khac tren the gidi.
Phap luat dan sif phong kie'n Viet Nam cung
da CO sif phan biet tffdng do'i rd rang giffa luat npi
dung, luat hinh thffc va luat thu tuc Ne'u nhff luat
npi dung dffdc quy dinh trong bp "Quoc trieu
So 14-Thang 6/2020

29

TAP CHi CONG THlflfNG

Hinh luat" thdi Le, "Hoang Viet Luat 16" thdi
Nguyin, bp Hpi dien "Hdng Dffc thien chinh
thif"; Lual hinh thffc du'dc the hien chu ye'u trong
"Quo'c trieu thtf khe' the thffc", thi Luat thu tuc
dffdc quy dinh trong "Quoc trieu Hong Dffc nien
gian chff cung the thffc","Quoc trieu kham tung
dieu le"4 va dffdc bd sung trong cac bp Hpi dien,
Dien che' khac.
Viet Nam thdi quan chu dffa tren nen kinh ie
trpng nong. Nha nffdc trai qua cac trieu dai Ly Tran - Ho - Le - Trinh - Nguyen deu ban hanh phap
luat dieu chinh ve che do sd hffu dien san, tai san
rupng dat (thd canh, tho cif). Nhffng quy dinh phap
luat ve mua ban cam co' nhff: Dien mai (ban dd.
ban tam, ban cd thdi han); Doan mai (ban dfft, ban
doan, ban chuyen quyen); Dien cd (cdm cd'); Vay
nO, thue mffdn tai san (rupng dat, ao dam. lien tbdc.
vang bac, xe thuyen, no ty,..). Viec giai quye't tranh
chap va thu tuc kien lung ve tai san, rupng dal cung
tffng bffdc dffpe phap luat dieu chinh.
Nam 1042, nha Ly ban hanh bp Hinh thff vdi
muc tieu chinh la de an dan, yen dan, bao ve
quyen con ngu'di, trong dd cd cac quyen ve tai san.
Rupng dat cong iff tffng bu'dc difdc phap luat thffa
nhSn va quy dinh. Thdi Tran, rupng da'i tif du'dc
phd bien hdn, nam 1254. chinh sach ban rupng
cong; nam 1266, tff hda day nhanh vdi "Dien

trang". Thai ap. Nha Ho 1400 - 1407. cong hda
rupng da't vdi chinh sach "Han dien", ban no \a
phat hanh lien gia'y. Nam 142S. nha Le ban phep
"Quan dien", binh quan rupng dat theo hp gia
dinh, bao ve rupng da't cong. cam "bien cong vi tff"
va cap "Lpc dien" cho quan lai theo pham ham.
Trong mdt so'thdi ky, viec an lau rupng da't cdng
qua phd bien, Nha nurdc Le - Trinh phai ban biinh
quy dinh: Cam dan cao to' viec an lau rupng dat
cong. De'n nam 1722 - 1728. de khac phuc tinh
trang tren, Chiia Trinh Cffdng da ban hanh phep
thue mdi: To - Dung - Dieu 6. Quy djnh danh thue
ca rudng cong va rupng iff. Viec ban hanh luat thue
mdi nay da khOng dinh sif pha san ciia che do
Quan dien trong thffc tiln. Dong thdi. chffng minh
sff dung ddn, phu hpp cua Phep thue mdi. Va dT
nhien. Nha nffdc luon cd sff dieu chinh can do'i ve
thue rupng dal cdng tff va i:Jc loai thue khdc sao

30

So 14-Thang 6/2020

cho dan cd thS' yea nghiep lam a.i. M .Jc dong
thue va dam bao cuoc song cua mmh.
Viec Ul hoa, xam lam. tranh chiem rupng dat
cong la he qua cua che' dp CPng dien cong thp
the ky XV - XVIII. Qua trinh tir hda dat dai la
khong the- ngan chan. Dac b.et. sU hinh thanh che
do sd hSu tit "Dai diin chii d Dang Trong' chinh

la cd ad kinh te quyet dinh sijc manh cua Dang
Trong va qua trinh thong nhat dat nKdc tir nam
1600 de'n nam 1802 va lS849.Trilu Nguyen van
theo phep cu. thif nghiem Quan dien va dieu
chinh Luat thue tai .san rupng da't cong tU theo ba
mien Bac - Trung - Nam.
Khi thue dan Phap den ViSt Nam, chinh sach
kinh te mdi la bao ho quyen tai san, quyen mua
ban bat dpng san ciia ngUSi Phap va Ngoai kilu
d Viet Nam. Tir Luat Cai each rupng da't (1953 1957) de'n Cai each dien dia (1972) la nhiing bien
phap ciia Nhil nUdc ve sd hUu dat dai tren quy mo
Idn. Tir qua trinh lich sii" cho tha'y, chinh sach sd
hi?u dat dai anh hudng cd ban de'n quan he phap
luat dan sU. Tit sau nam 1993. 1996,2003, 2013.
2015 de'n nay, phip luat dan sif va da't dai da
difdc su'a do'i, ttfng birdc tao nen sif chuyen bien
mdi, phii hpp hdn vdi nen kinh te'thi trifdng, dac
biet quan trpng Iii thi trifdng bat dpng san va
nhang tai san cd gia trj. Nhln lai lich sH nghin
nam, co the vSn con rii't nhieu gia tri tiem an ciia
dan luat truyen tho'ng ma chung ta chua nhan
dien difpc diiy dii.
2. Nhiing gia tri dac sSc ciia phap Iu9t dan sii
phong ki&'n Vi^t Nam
Che dinh sd hifu, hdp dong, thifa ke va trach
nhiem dan su la nhifng npi dung cd ban cua phap
lual dan .su phong kie'n Viet Nam (PKVN). Chi khi
thifa nhan sd hifu ni nhan thi mdi ndi de'n khe ifdc
X ii thifa ke; chi khi thifa nhan quy^n dan sif, xa hpi
dan sir thi mdi cd the bao ve va bao dam quyen

dan sd trong luat phap va thUc tiSn thi hanh.
Theo co' luat Viet Nam. di^u chinh quan he
phap luat dJn su khdng thg tach rdi hdn nhan va tai
san gia dinh. Tif tniy^n thong, cd th^ rh^n dien
nhifng gia tri die sa'c cua phap luiil dan sir 1 • VN
the hien chu yeu tren mot s i phUdng dien i h.in
nhir sau:


lUAT

Mot Id, thiJta nhan quyen tdi sdn cua vd chong
vita doc lap, viCa lien ket.
Tff viec thffa nhan quyen tff hffu ve tai san
rupng da't, quy^n ddng sd hffu chu dd'i vdi tai san
chung gia dinh, quyen dffng ten trong van ban giao
dich dan sff va trong van ban di chiic, quyen tai san
vd chong dffdc co luat quy dinh va bao dam.
Ye'u to' gia dinh truyen tho'ng Vi6t Nam dffdc
phan anh chu ye'u trong ndi dung lien quan de'n
nhan thSn, tai san va thffa ke gia dinh nhffng cung
dong thdi thffa nhan quyen tai sdn cua vd chdng
vffa ddc lap, vffa lidn k6't (Dieu 354,303, 374, 375,
376, 377 den dieu 400 - QTHL)8, Theo dd, khdi
tai sdn gia dinh thifdng dffpe chia lam 3 phan chinh:
- Phu tdn dien san: Tai san cua chdng (cua
rieng hoac cua cha me de cho)
- The dien sdn: Tai sdn cua vp (cua rieng hoac
cha me de cho)
- TSn tao dien san: Tai sdn chung vp chdng mdi

dffdc tao nen
CdluatViet Nam phan dinh ra'tro 3 loai tai san
nay trong viec xac dmh quydn chie'm hffu, sff dung
va dinh deal. Cho dij ia vd chdng, khi cdn chung
sd'ng hoac cd mdt ngffdi che't, deu khong dffdc
chie'm tai san cua ngffdi phoi ngau lam ciia neng.
Theo luat, khi vd hoac chdng che't, tai san cua ai
tra ve ngffdi fCy, tai san chung chia ddi, mdi ngffdi
mdt nffa; 2/3 dien san ciia ngffdi che't thi ngffdi
song dffdc hffdng dung de nudi ddi minh; 1/3 diing
vao vide thd cung, giao cho ngffdi thd Iff giff. O
day, ngffdi vd da dffpe phap luat thffa nhan quyen
tffdng do'i binh dang vdi chdng ca ve phffPng dien
tai san va quan he nghTa dffdng. Nhin dffdi gdc dp
sinh hpc va ban chat gidi tinh giffa dan ong va dan
ba cd khac nhau nen cd luSt cung da cd mot vai
quy djnh rieng biet. Cu the nhff sau:
Trong trifdng hdp ngffdi dan ba chdng che't ma
"tai gia" thi phai tra ngay phan tai san dffdc hffdng
mdt ddi cua ngffdi chdng da che't ve cho gia dinh
ho de thd cung. Md'i quan he giffa ngffdi dan ba tdi
gia trffdc khi di lay "chdng sau" la phdi thanh todn
ve tai san vdi ngffdi "chdng trffdc" da che't cua
minh. O day, hdp tinh hdn la hdp ly - tuy nhi^n day
ia npi dung ma chung ta vin cho rang la "bat binh
dang". Con vdi ngffdi dan 6ng, vd che't ma "tai

hdn", hp vin tiep tuc dffdc hffdng phan tai san cua
ngffdi "vp trffdc" da chet cua minh va cung chi de
nuoi dffdng mot ddi, khi che't thi phai tra lai. Trong

QTHL, chO yeu ndi de'n dien san (Ciia chim - Bat
dpng san), cdn cac tai san khac (Cua ndi - Ddng
san), "chdng che't thi de cho vd, vd che't thi de cho
chdng", sau khi da thanh loan nd nan va lo viec
tang Id. Nha vffdn cung thffdng dffdc chia ddi, nffa
phan ngffdi sd'ng diJng de d, nffa phan dd iam ndi
thd cung ngffdi da che't (Dieu 258, 259 - Hdng Dffc
thien chinh thff)4. Nhff vay, cd luat Viet Nam da cd
sff phan dinh di san that tinh te va sau sac. Theo dd,
tai sdn vp chdng chi phan chia khi khdng cd con
hoac cd con sau con che't. Cdn ne'u cd con, tai san
chu ye'u dd lai cho con hffdng quyen thffa ke.
Mot npi dung nffa lam nen sac thai rieng biet
dpc dao cda phap luat tridu Le la md'i quan he giffa
ngffdi phu nff khi da lay chdng vdi cha me de cua
minh. "Ndu con re la'y chuyen phi ly mang nhid'c
cha me vp, viec dem thffa quan se cho ly di" (Dieu
333 - QTHL). Quan he nhan than va tai sdn cffa
ngffdi vp hoac chdng trong nhieu trffdng hdp nhff:
Khdng con, menh mot - mot ngffdi che't, vong mao
- bi Iffa dd'i, van gan vdi gia dinh cha me de.
Tinh ddc lap va lien ke't ve tai sdn giup cho vp
chdng cd dia vi phap ly can bang, dffdc tdn trpng
va bao ve trong moi trffdng hpp va tinh hud'ng, ca
khi sd'ng Ian khi da qua ddi. Day la mdt va'n de ra^t
can nghidn cffu trong he thd'ng phap luat dan sff,
nham dam bao quyen tai sdn cua cac ben ke ca
trffdc, trong va sau hdn nhan. Tai sdn vp chdng vffa
dpc lap, vffa lien ket la mdt trong nhffng quy pham
quan trpng can dffdc thiet kede bao ve quyen va

Ipi ich cua hai chu the trong quan he phap luat dan
sif va hon nhan gia dinh dffdng dai.
Hai Id, quyen tdi sdn ciia cdc con dUdc quy dinh
ro rdng, phii hap, tien bo.
(Bao gdm con trai, con gai, con de, con nudi,
con vd trffdc, con vd sau, con chdng trffdc, con
chdng sau, con thffa iff, con rieng dffdc quy dinh ro
rang, ranh mach. tranh sff xam hai giffa cac ben;
Cac thu tuc nay dffdc ddm bao bdng quy dinh trong
phap luat hanh chinh)
Khac vdi gia dinh Trung Qud'c, ngffdi gia trffdng
va con trai trffdng cd quyen quye't dinh tai san

So 14-Thdng 6/2020

31


TAP CHi GONG THlTdNG

trong gia tdc, chi con trai mdi cd quyen thffa kd (trff
thdi Nam Tdng con gai bdng nffa phan con trai).
Gia dinh Viet Nam truyen thong da de cap mdt
each khd rd rang, sau sac va day du dd'i vdi cac
thanh vien trong gia dinh tff ong ba. cha me, vd
chdng den con chau, khdng loai bd ngffdi phu nff ra
khdi sif bdo ve cija phap luat ve phffPng dien tai
sdn Cling nhff than nhan. Neu da cd con thi tai san
cha me hau bet de lai cho con. Theo dd, cd the
hieu luat tuc la"cbung con thi chung cua, khdng

chung con thi khdng chung cua". Ne'u khdng con,
cua noi thi ngifdi sd'ng hffdng dung, cdn cua chim
(dien san, ao vffdn) chi de nudi du'dng mdt ddi. khi
chet thi tra lai. Dd'i vdi tai san rieng, ngffdi sd'ng cd
quyen iff dinh doat, mua bdn, tang cho, lap di cbiic.
Trong quy dinh cua phap luSt trieu Le, con gai
cd quyen thffa ke nhff con trai. Con nudi cung dffdc
chia thffa ke ne'u cha me ghi rd trong"Du'dng van
tff"cho quyen thffa ke dien san (Dieu 380. 381QTHL). Duy chi cd quy dinh "Con vp ca nhieu hdn
con cua vd le va nang hau" la cd sff ba't binh dang.
Nhin chung, viec xac dinh ky phan, chia thffa ke
deu mang tinh dSn tpc dac sdc, bao ve quyen tai
sdn cua cac con, con gai nhff con trai. ffu tidn con
trai trffdng va quyen cua con vp ca. Quyen thffa ke
t^i san cua con dffdc bao ve tff khi cdn nhd den
tudi trffdng thanh nhan rupng va nop thue (15 tudi).
Vi du, ve quydn tai san cua con, Dieu 377,
QTHL quy dinh: Trffdng hdp chdng che't, con cdn
nhd, vp cai gia ISy chdng khac, vd khdng difdc
phep ban tai sdn cua con do ngffdi chdng da chet
de lai. Ndu difpc ho hang bang long, trinh quan
xem xet can tieu bao nhieu thi chi cho ban ba'\
nhieu. Ngffdi chdng sau ma mao ten con chdng
trffdc de ban thi ngffdi chdng sau, ngffdi viet van iff
thay va ngffdi chffng kien deu bi xff phat 60 trffdng.
bie'm 2 tff. Vd sau ma ban dien san cua con vd
trffdc (trffdng hdp vd chet, con cdn nhd, chdng la'y
vd khac) thi cung xff tdi nhff the.
Ngffdc lai. cac con cung khdng dffpe lam chie'm
hoac vffdt quyen, bdn trdm tiii san cua cha me. Cha

me dang cdn sd'ng ma con cai ban dien san cua cha
me thi bi coi la hanh \i "ban trdm". khac vdi luat
Trung Qud'c gpi la "lam lieu" 7. Thai dp xff phat
cua luat trieu Le cd phan biet con trai va con gai:
32

So 14 - Thdng 6/2020

Con trai xif phat 60 trUdng biS'm 2 ttf. con gi. .h, Xlf
50 roi bie'm 1 tU. khiic phuc nguyen trang ban dau^
Tuy nhien, luat con phan biel ne'u ngifdi biet ma CO
tinh mua (bie't ngUdi con khong cd quyen ban) thi
mii't so' ti^n mua, ngUdi vie'l van tif thay va ngifSi
chifng kie'n mil biet sif that diu xil 50 roi, biem 1
tif. Khong biet thi khong x i tpi. Giai phap d4n stf
cQng that phd hpp, thdng nhal, rd rang, minh bach
va thifc te (Dieu 378 - QTHL).
Qua do cd the tha'y. quy dinh dieu chinh va xif
ly vi pham luon song hanh trong cd' luat ve cac
quyen nghia vu nhiin thiin va tai san.
Ba la, quyen tai san ciia cha me, ngt/di gia
tnfdng. ngifdi thifa n(, phu nit.
Quyen tai siin ciia cha me. trong md'i quan he
giifa cha me vdi con cai, chiing ta tha'y luat truyen
thdng trao cho cha me rii't nhieu quyen: Quyet dinh
quan he nhiin than tai san, cd quyen cam dp con,
cho di lam con nuoi nha khac, cd quyen quye't djnh
hdn nhan, cd quyen tir con hoac niia'l quyen tai san
(Dieu 208, 504, 511, 512 - QTHL)8.
Dieu 354 - QTHL quy dinh; "NgUdi nao tranh

gianh nha dit't thi phdi bie'm 2 tif. Neu da cd Chiic
thif ma cdn cd' tranh gianh thi cung xif bie'm nhif
the va phai tudc mat ca phan minh. Neu cha me
khdng nhan lam con, trong Chuc thif khdng cd ten
ma van co' tranh thi phai bie'm 3 ttr, ddi lai so' rupng
da'l tranh cho ngUdi chu. Ne'u ngUdi trirdng ho dam
bao sai thi phai bie'm 1 tu". Trong cd' luat Viet
Nam, hp lpc, ben ndi, ben ngoai va anh em, quyen
tai san chi dUdc xac lap khi mot gia dinh myet td.
QTHL thifa nhan quyen tif con cua cha me, trua'l thifa ke dd'i vdi con "Ba't hieu" va thifa nhan tinh
hieu life cOa Chiic thir do cha me de lai: "Ne'u cd
Lenh cua cha me thi phai lam theo dung, ne'u trai
thi mat phan minh" (Dilu 388 - QTHL)8. Nhif vay,
trong cac md'i quan he vd dan sif, cha me cd toan
quyen ddi vdi con cai.
Quy^n cua ngirdi gia tnfdng. trong quan he gia
dinh truyen diong ngudi gia irudng diTdc xac djnh
la ong, cha, chdng. con trai trudng. dich tif dich
ton. Ngifdi vdcd cung cd nhieu g.j;, in , irong gia
dinh ddng ho the tdc ' • . . l ,. ,.. ., i., .
. .-'. ..„
.
'•'cpttru
trong gia dinh: Conk.
.ha khung
ndc" "Nhat nam viet hifu. Ihar.! ,
• . n- xr . .


LUAT

dan ong dii sao van cd mdt dia vi ffu quyen hdn
ngffdi dan ba kd cd ve nhan than va tai san. Ngffdi
vd phdi theo ve nha chong sinh sd'ng; cdn ngffdi
dan ong rat it khi ve bdn nha vd - chi de'n luat Gia
Long, do mdt so' tap quan d Dang Trong thi luat
mdi de cap de'n quydn thffa ke tai sdn cua con re
va viec d rd 5.
Theo QTHL va HVLL, ngffdi gia trffdng cd
nhieu quydn va nghia vu dd'i vdi gia dinh, cac
quyen nay dffdc quy dinh tai cdc dieu 82, 83, 94,
109 - HVLL nhff quyen ve nhdn thdn, tai san,
quyen quye't dinh hdn nbSn cua con cai, quyen
"ray vp". Mpi hanh vi cua ti au, vd, con, nd ti xam
hai ddn gia trffdng deubi xff tang nang. Luat cung
dinh rd trach nhiem ciia gia trffdng: "Ne'u mpi
ngffdi trong mdt nha cung pham tdi thi budc tdi mot
minh tdn trffdng. Ne^u phu nff vi pham nghi le thd
cung tdng mie'u thi bat tdi gia trffdng", "Nha cffa
xay difng trang tri trdi vdi hinh thffc quy djnh thi
budc tdi gia trffdng" (Dieu 29, 43, 156 - HVLL)5.
Nhff vay, ngffdi gia trffdng giff vai trd trung tdm cua
sff doan ket ddng ho gia dinh, gia tdc.
Theo cd luat, ngffdi thffa Iff dffdc xac lap khi
mdt gia dinh khdng cd con chdu. Ngffdi thffa Iff
dffdc Iffa chpn, chi dinh de kd thffa tai sdn ciia mdt
gia dinh, ddng hp. Hp cd nghTa vii bao quan tai san,
thd Cling to tien va cham sdc mo phan ngffdi de lai
di san.

Phap luat va phong tuc ddi vdi ngffdi phu nff
Viet Nam cung da hda hoan bdt tinh each rang
bupc ciia dao dffc Nho giao vdi luan ly Tam cffdng
Ngu thffdng. Trong luat phap va van ban mSu chiic
thff, khe ffdc giao dich dan sff luon dat ngffdi phu
nff ben canh ngffdi dan ong vdi tff each la vd chdng,
cha me 7. Quyen thffa ke cua con gai ngang bang
vdi con trai; ne'u khdng cd con trai, con gai trffdng
dffdc thffa ke'hffdng hda la mot npi dung phan biet
giffa luat trieu Le va trieu Nguyen, giffa luat Viet
vdi lual Trung Qud'c va cac he ihd'ng phap luat
khdc trong thdi ky phong kie'n8.
3. Ket luSn
Tom lai, phap luat dan sff phong kien Viet Nam
la mpl ndi dung bao trum, dac sac, ddc dao va phan
nao the bien sff dung hda giffa tap qudn dan tdc va
gia dinh Nho giao. Gia dinh theo truyen thd'ng la
nen gd'c cua hdn nhan cung nhff eae quyen ve nhan
than va tai sdn.
Ngay nay, d mdt sd' qud'c gia nhif Nhat Ban,
Han Qud'c, Trung Quoc va mot sd' nffdc phffdng
Tay ciing cho rang: Nen tang eiia gia dinh ong
ba, cha me la mpl trong nhffng ye'u to' cP sd eho
sff ben vffng ciia mot cudc hdn nhan. "Mdn dang
hd dd'i" la sff tffdng ddng, hda hdp ve nhieu
phffdng didn, dffa tren ye'u to' iff nhien, xa hdi,
van hda, trong dd cd cd quan he ve nhan than tai
sdn va di truyen •

TAI L i t U THAM KHAO:

1. Michel Fromont (2006), Cache thong phdp ludt ca bdn tren the gidi, NXB Tif phap. Ha Noi
2. Nghien ciiu ve he thong phdp ludt Viet Nam theky XV-XVIII (1994), NXB Khoa hoc xa hpi. Ha Noi.
3. Di sdn lich sQ vd nhiing hudng tiep can mdi (2011), NXB The gidi. Ha Ndi.
4. Mdt so vdn bdn dien chevd phdp ludt Viet Nam theky XV - XVII! (2006. 2009), Tap 1 & 2. NXB Ktioa hpc xa hpi,
Mil Noi.
5. Hoang Viet Ludt le (HVLL) (1996). NXB Van hoa the thao, Ha Noi.
6 Phan Huy Chu (1992), Lich trieu Hien chUdng loai chi. Tap 11. NXB Khoa hoc xa hpi, Ha Noi. lr.232 -269.
7. Insun Yu (i 994), Luat vd xa hoi Viet Nam theky XVII-XVIII. NXB KHXH. HN. 0". 160 -180.
8. Quoc Trieu Hinh Luat (QTHL) (1991), Vien SUhoc, NXB CTQG, Ha Noi.
9. Dai Nam thuc luc (2002), Tap I. NXB Giao due, Ha Noi.

So 14-Thang 6/2020

33


TAP CHi CDN6 THlflfNG

Ngay nh$n bai: 19/5/2020
Ngay phan bipn danh gia va s^a chi?a: 29/5/2020
Ngay chS'p nh^n dang bai: 8/6/2020
Thong tin tdc gid:
TS. GVC. HA THJ LAN P H U O N G

Pho trUoTng BO mdn Lich su" Nha nffdc va Phap Iii|it
Khoa Phap luat Hanh chinh - Nha nffdc, Dai hpc Lu^t Ha Npi

UNIQUE VALUES OF THE FEUDAL
CIVIL LAW OF VIETNAM
• Senior Lecturer, Ph.D HA THI LAN PHUONG

Deputy tiead. Department of History of State and Law
Faculty of Adininistrative and Constitutional Law,
Hanoi Law University
ABSTRACT:
The feudal civil law of Vietnam is one of the unique progressive contents of the Vietnamese
legal culture. This civil law system was formed and developed over thousands of years with
many values that have become customs and practices.
In particular, the moral and property rights of family members and society were all protected
by this law system. The property rights of women were respected in terms of ownership,
contract and inheritance. The property relationships between husband and wife were identified
independently and dependingly. In addition, the property rights between parents and their
children were clearly, appropriately and progressly prescribed. The feudal civil law of Vietnam
still has a lot of value that needs to be researched to build a sustainable law, harmoniously
connecting the traditional legal values with the contemporary law system.
Keywords: Feudal civil law, unique values.

34

So 14-Thang 6/2020