Phát triển nguồn nhân lực cung cấp dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người nghiện ma túy

Lire CUNG CAP DICH VU
CONG TAC XA HOI DOI V6l NGUdl NGHIEN MA TtJY

PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN

LE THI THUY<*'
Tom tat: TrUdc nhUng diSn bien phvtc tap va sU biing no cua cac loai chi't gay nghien, cac loai ma
tuy, viec dieu tri cai nghien va cung cdp dich vu cdng tac xa hgi trong dieu tri nghien ma tuy la v6 cdng
quan trgng. ThUc t&'tai VietNam con thieu vaye'u ve dpi ngu nguon nhan lUc nay. Bai vie't nay di cip
deh nhiing yeu ciu phat trien nguon nhan luc cung cd'p dich vu cong tac xa hpi trong diiu tri nghien
ma tuy, chi ra thUc trang yeii kem ve nguon nhin lUc trong diiu tri nghiin; dong thdi, di xuat mpt sd
giai phap nhim xiy dUng, phat trien va nang cao chit lUdng nguon nhan lUc cung cap dich vu cong tac
xa hpi trong cong tac dieu tri nghiSn ma tiiy nhim hudng tdi sU on dmh va phit triin xa hpi
Tdkhoa: Nguon nhin lUc; dich vu cong tac xa hpi vdi ngudi nghien ma tuy; ngudn nhan luc cung
cdp dich vu cong tac xa hpi vdi ngUdi nghien ma tuy.
Abstract: Facing the outburst of drug abuse, addiction treatment and providing social work
services in treating drug addiction become very important. This article discussed requirements in
developing human resources in providing social work services in drug addiction intervention.
Shortcomings in human resources in addiction treatment were pointed out to propose solutions to
enhance human resources in providing social work services in drug addiction treatment.
Keywords: Human resources; social work service; drug addict.
Ngay nhin bai: 14/4/2019; Ngay sda bai: 20/5/2019; Ngay duyet dang bai: 24/6/2019.
1. Nhvifng yeu cau p h a t t r i e n nguon
n h a n Iflc cung cap dich vu cong tac xa
hoi doi vdi ngu'di nghien ma tuy
Viet Nam Men nay cd Iflc Iflpng lao ddng
Idn, khoang 52.207.000 ngudi; hang nam
trung binh c6 khdang 1,5-1,6 trieu thanh
nien bUdc vao tudi lao ddng*^'. Dieu nay mpt
mat, tao ed hdi cho nin Mnh te cd bude
phat trien manh me; mat khac, tao sfle ep

Idn ve giai quye't viec lam va dao tao nghl
nghiep. Nhu ciu dao tao nghe nghiep cua
ngfldi lao ddng ngay cang eao hdn ca ve sd'
Ifldng va chit Ifldng dd mfle thu nhap ngay
cang cao, do ehuyen dich cd cau Mnh te, do
qua trinh do thi boa ngay cang manh me,
do sfl xuit Men cua nhflng nganh, nghe
mdi,...dac biet ddi vdi linh vflc edng tac xa
hpi vdi ngfldi nghien ma tfly. Sfl phat trien
ngudn nhan Mc can dap flng yeu ciu phat
Q]

N H A N LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi

trien can bing hdn gifla cac viing mien,
xuit phat tfl yeu ciu gifl vflng dn dinh
cMnh tri, bao dam an ninh, qud'e phdng de
phat trien dat nfldc.
Tfl bdi canh tren, phat trien nguon
nhan luc cung cip dich vu cdng tac xa hdi
dang dflng trfldc nhflng thach thflc va yeu
ciu cao: Thd nhat, Viet Nam phai ed du
nhan Me de cd kha nang thara gia vao
qua trinh van hanh cua cac chudi gia tri
toan ciu trong xu the cae tap doan xuyen
qudc gia ed anh hudng ngay cang Idn vdi
nhflng diln bie'n phflc tap eua tdi pham
raa tuy va su da dang cua cac loai Mnh
ma tuy. Thd hai, nguon nhan luc cung

*' NCS. Khoa C6ng tac xa hoi. Hoc vi|n Khoa hoc xa h6i.
'"Ket qua khao sat cua tac gia tren mot so tai Mu thfl
ca'p, nam 2018.
SO 7-2011


LE THI THUY
cip dich vu cdng tac xa hdi vdi ngfldi
nghien ma tfly phai cd nang Iflc, cd ki§'n
thflc, ky nang chuydn mdn thich flng vdi
tinh trang phflc tap cua loai chit ma tuy;
ed kha nang dl ra cac giai phap gia tang
cd hpi phat triin trong dieu ki§n thay doi
cua thdi dai cdng nghe, trong moi quan he
kinh te gifla cac khu vflc cd lien quan de'n
ma tfly. Ddng thdi, nhan Iflc cung cap
dich vu edng tae xa hpi phai dfldc dao tad
de cd kha nang tham gia lao ddng d nfldc
ngoai do tinh trang thie'u lad ddng d
nhieu qudc gia phat trien de phat huy ldi
th§' cua thdi ky dan sd' vang; cd du nang
Iflc de tham gia vdi cdng ddng qudc te giai
quyet nhflng van de mang tinh toan cau
va khu vUc trong do co van de ma tfly va
phdng chdiig ma tfly.
2. Thflc t r a n g nguon n h ^ n Iflc cung
cap dich vu cong tac xa hoi doi vdi
ngfldi nghien ma tuy

Ke't qua khao sat cua tac gia eho thiy:

Tai Cd sd eai nghien so' 5, Xuan Phfldng,
Tfl Liem, Ha Npi da phin can bd la nam
cMem ty le 87,5%, cM cd 12,5% la nfl. Vl
dp tudi, dudi 35 tudi cMem ty le rat cao
(84,35%); 9,4%o sd' can bp tren 35 tudi va
6,25% so'can bd tren 50 tudi. Trinh dp hpe
v i n cua dpi ngu can bd cua Trung tam kha
cao, cd 6% trinh dp tren dai hpc, so' ngudi
cd trinh dp cao dang chiem ty le 28,5%, cM
cd 3% la trinh dp trung cip. Dac biet, ty le
Cd trinh dp dai hpe la 62,5%, chiim tdi 2/3
tdng so' can bp quan ly'^'. Vdi mat bing
trinh dp vl cac nganh nhU tren rat thuan
ldi cho edng tac dad tao, phat trien chuyen
mdn trong hoat dpng nghl nghiep ngay
cang ddi hdi cao cua xa hdi, dae biet la
hoat ddng eung cip dieh vu cdng tac xa hpi
cho ngudi nghien raa tuy.
Tudng tu nhu v^y, tai Cd sd cai ngMen
sd' 1, Ba Vi, Ha Ndi, ket qua khao sat cho
thiy ngudn nhin Iflc chu yeu ed trinh dp
2.1. Uu diem
Hien nay, ngudn nhan Iflc Mm viec ehuyen mon, nghiep vu tfl cac nganh Cong
chinh trong edng tac phdng chdng te nan tac xa hpi, tam ly, y te, bae si, dieu dfldng
xa hpi cua ca nude "cd 12.503 ngUdi, g i n hay giao due... Dpi ngu can bd cd trinh dp
57% trong bien che, hdn 87% Mem chuyen mdn va thdi gian cdng tac tflPng ddi
nhiem (cap xa 92%); khoang 31% can bp lau nam va gin bd vdi cdng tac cai ngMen
ed trinh dp dai hpe, gin 27,5% nganh ma tuy. Can bp tai Trung tam ed thdi gian
tam ly, xa hdi va hdn 40% eae nganh lam viec treng linh vflc eai ngMen phuc hdi
khdng gin vdi chuyen mdn ve linh vflc tfl tren 3 nam - 10 nam chie'm ty le cao

ma tuy. Ca nfldc cd 105 ed sd eai nghien (65,6%)*'*'. Day la yiu to'cho thiy sfl gin bd
ma tuy cdng lap va 35 Diem tfl vin tai eua dpi ngu lam nghe.
Hiu bet dpi ngu can bd tai Trung tam
cdng ddng. Tdng so' ngfldi Mm viec trong
cac cd sd cai nghien ma tfly cdng lap cd bieu hien dung mflc, than thien, edi md
nam 2001 la 1.235 ngfldi, tang len 5.784 va chan tbanb ddi vdi hpc vien. Vin de ky
ngudi vao nam 2005 va dat 6.118 ngfldi thi hay phan biet ddi xfl vdi hpe vien tai
vao nam 2011, dg'n nam 2016 cd 6.374 Trung tam la khdng ed. The hien cu the
ngfldi va dn dinh tfldng ddi din ngay qua sd'lieu cua bieu ddi dfldi day:
nay"'^'. Nhfl vay, ehflng ta da cd ngudn
nhan Iflc cai nghien ma tuy pho rpng '^* So heu tham khao tai: http, Thai bao tai cbinh Viet Nam.
<^' K§t qua khao sat cua tac gia, nam 2018,
tren khip ca nfldc.
<** Ket qua khao sat ciia tac gia, nam 201S
$07-2019

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi

Q


PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN L U C CUNG CAP DICH VU...

Bieu do 1. Thai do cua doi ngu nhan vi§n cung cap dich vu Cong tac xa hoi
I Nhiet tinh, than thien

• Nghiem khac

• Gh4t bo, ky thi

0%^0%

(Nguon: Sd'lieu khao sat cua tie gia, 2018)
Hau he't cac Trung tam/ Cd sd cai
nghien deu xae dinh cam hda hpc vien
khdng cM bing ky Mat nghiem ma cdn
bing ca tinh yeu thfldng, sfl cam thdng va
tdn trpng hpc vien. Mdi can bd vfla la
ngudi thay, ngUdi quan ly, vfla la ngudi
ban san sang se cMa nhflng vui budn
trong cude sd'ng vdi eac hpc vien. Trong
nhflng budi sinh boat, ben canh tuyen
truyen, phd bie'n Men thflc phap Mat,
Trung tam/ Cd sd ludn khuyen khich cac
hpc vien neu cao tinh thin phe binh va tfl
phe binh, thara gia ddng gdp sfla ddi hanh
vi cho nhau, eung nhau sinh hoat van hda,
van nghe, t h i due, the thao. Phdng vin
can bp Cd sd, anh D.T.H cho Met; "Da sd'
hpe vien cM sau vai tuin vao Trung tam
da cit dfldc cdn ngMen va chuyen sang
giai doan phuc hdi dU phdng tai ngMen,
tac phong sinh hoat eua hp da cd nhflng
ehuyen Men, thay ddi tieh cfle hdn". Hpe
vien H.D.L, 20 tudi, Sdn Tay eung eho
thiy: "Vao day, cae cin bd thfldng xuyen
nim bit tam tU nguyen vpng cua hpc vien
Q

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHU

nen em thay yen tam hdn va tin rang,
minh ed the cai nghien dfldc de trd ve vdi
gia dinh".
Ngay tfl khau tiep nhan, cac Trung
tam/Cd sd eai nghien da tien hanh danh
gia, sang Ipc, phan loai hpc vien. Sau kM
dieu tri cat cdn va chfla cac benh thdng
thudng ma hpc vien hay gap phai, cac hpc
vien dfldc chuydn de'n khu ndi tru, dfldc
giao due, lao ddng tri lieu. Khi do, vai tro
cua can bd Trung tam/ Cd sd dfldc the hien
rd net, can bp se bd' tri cdng viec sao cho
phu hdp vdi sfle khde, sd trudng cua tflng
hpe vien de cae hpc vien phat huy tinh
than va trach nhiem lae dpng. Trong thdi
gian tfl 6-24 thang, cae hpc vien se dfldc
each ly vdi ben ngoai va thuc hien theo cac
quy dinh eua cd sd ed sd de cit cdn, phuc
hdi sfle khde. Nhieu hpc vien sau mot thdi
gian ren luyen da cd ban cat cdn nghien,
cd the khdng con le thude vao ma tuy.
Bang nhflng nd lUc cua ban than cflng sU
giup dd cua can bd, nhieu ngudi nghien
raa tuy lau nam da cd sU tien bo. Nhin


LE THI THUY
chung, dpi ngu bac sy, nhan vien phuc vu
dUde dao tao chuyen sau, cd tinh than

trach nMem vdi b$nh nhan va than nhan
cua hp. Day la mpt trong nhflng yiu td' gdp
phin quan trpng tao nen kit qua khich le
cua Trung tam.
Han chi'
Ben canh nhflng mat flu diem tren
ngudn nhan Iflc cung cap dich vu cdng
tac xa hdi doi vdi ngfldi nghien raa tuy
tai cac Trung tam, Cd sd eai nghien dudi
sfl quan ly ciia nha nfldc va tfl nhan cdn
nhiiu han ehe:
Thd nhat, dpi ngu can bd lam nghe tai
cae Cd sd, Trung tam dieu tri nghien ma
tuy cdn thieu Men thflc, ky nang chuyen
mdn trong hd trd dieu tri eai nghien raa
tfly va linh vflc cdng tac xa hpi vdi ngUdi
nghien ma tfly. Ngudn nhan lUe lam
edng tae eai nghien ma tuy khdng dn
dinh, so nhan lue ed trinh dd cao edn it,
ty le nhan vien ed chuyen mdn v l diiu
tri nghien khdng nhiiu, chu ye'u dUdc
dao tao qua eae ldp tap h u i n nang eao

nhan thfle va ren luyen ky nang do chinh
phii va cac td chflc Phi chinh phu hd trd
td chflc, dae biet nguen nhan Iflc cung
cap dich vu cdng tac xa hdi vdi ngudi
nghien ma tuy cdn thie'u va yeu. Nhan
lUc CO chuyen mdn khdng chuyen ve diiu
tri cai nghien ma tfly chie'm tdi 63%, mdt

so' nganh phfl hdp hdn nhfl tam ly, cdng
tae xa hdi cung khdng nhieu, ty le nay
chiim 20% (Cdn gin 50% so' Cd sd eai
nghien khdng ed bac si, bd phan y te chu
yiu la y sy va diiu dfldng vien). Dieu nay
the hien ro qua ket qua khao sat tai
Trung tam/Cd sd cai nghien ma tuy:
Ridng ve trinh dp chuyen mdn Cdng tac
xa hdi chiem ty le cao n h i t la (31,25%);
nganh tam ly hpc (21,8%); dieu dfldng, y
t§' chie'm 36,95%; bac si chie'm 10%, cdn
lai la cac nganh khac.
Kd't qua khao sat ve sU anh hudng cua
dpi ngu can bd cung ca'p dich vu Cdng tac
xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi nghien ma tfly tai cac
Trung tam/Cd sd cai ngMen cdn the Men
trong bang so' lieu dfldi day:

Bang 1. Miic do a n h hflcfng cua doi ngu can bg cung cap dich vu
Cong t a c xa hoi

s

Cac yeu to

Hien co tai Ctf soi/Trung
tam

TT

Co

(0
1 Can bo, nhan
vien CO sU hieu
biet sau va rong
vl linh vijc
nghien ma tiiy
va each dieu tri,
phuc hoi giup
hoc vien
206
s i 7-2019

%

Khong

(fl

%

Cac mijrc do anh hijdng de'n hieu qua
cung cap dich vu cong tac xa hoi vdi
ngifdi nghien ma tiiy
Khong anh
Rat anh
Anh hiidng
hifdng
hudng

(f)

(%)

(fl

(%)

(fl

(%)

Diem
TB

Thfl
bac

X

TB

4

65.97

132 35 86

139

37 77

88

23,91

88

23.91

1.86

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI

Q]


PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN LIJC CUNG c A p DICH VU..

Cac yeu to

s

Hien CO tai Ctf sd/Trung
tam

TT

Co

(fl
2 Can
vien
giao
van

%

Khong

(fl

%

Cac mflc do anh hfldng d^n hieu qua
cung cap dich vu cong tac xa hoi vdi
ngfldi nghien ma tiiv
Rat anh
Khong anh
Anh hfldng
hfldng
hfldng

(0

(%)

(0

(%)

(0

(%)

Diem
TB

Thfl
bac

X

TB

bo, nhan
CO icy nang
tiep va tu
dieu tri

nghien ma tuy

5
206

3 Can bg, nhan
vien CO thai do
chan thanh, ccii
racf viii hoc vien 184
4 Can bo nhan

vien, Ithat Idie
va nghiem tuc
khi lam viec v6i

55.97

126 33.96

132

35 86

88

23.91

96

26.08

1.81

50

154 41.84

139

37.77

88

23.91

96

26.08

1.87

2

hoc vign
176 47.82
5 Can bo, nhan
vien biet each
cham soc va
d6ng vien hoc
vien kip thdi
184
60
Diem tning binh chung

3
164 41.84

117

31.79

132 35.86

73

19.83

1.86

1
132 35.86

132 J 36.86

126 33.96

59

16.03

1.91
1.76

(Nguon: Sd'lieu khao sat cua tac gia, nam 2018)
Trong b a n g so' lieu tren, cac yeu td' ve

H i u he't hpe vien cho r a n g c i c yeu to' dUdc

t r i n h dp, n a n g lue chuyen mdn va t h a i dp,

k h a o sat thude yeu to' "Trinh dp, n a n g Mc

sU a n can, n i i m nd cua dpi ngu can bp

cua dpi n g u n h a n vien t a i T r u n g tam/ Cd

eung cap dich vu cdng tac xa hdi cho hpe

sd eai nghien"e6 a n h h u d n g d e n viee cung

vien cai nghien dUdc hpc vien t r a ldi ca h a i

c i p dich vu Cdng t a c xa hdi cho hpe vien

mflc "Cd" va "Khdng", trong dd mfle "Co"

eai nghien t a i T r u n g tam/Cd sd cai ngMen,

cd ty le p h i n t r a m cao hdn dao dpng tfl

diem t r u n g b i n h e h u n g la t h a p X = 1.76.

47,82% den 55,97%, mflc "Khdng" co ty le

Thuc te, linh vuc cai nghien m a tfly la

p h a n t r a m t h i p hdn dao ddng tfl 33,96%

linh vuc dac thfl khd k h a n va phflc tap,

de'n 41,84%. Dieu n a y cho t h i y hpc vien

dpi ngfl can bd p h a i chiu sfle ep Idn til

d a n h gia tUdng ddi cao ve t r i n h dp n a n g

cdng viec nen r i t cang t h i n g , khd cd the

Iflc cung n h u t h a i dp cua dpi ngu can bd.

t a m h u y e t ca cude ddi cho su ngMep dieu

Q

NHAN LUC KHOA HOCXAHOI


LE THI THUY
tri ngM$n. Mdt so' can bd phai bd viec, xin va Nhan van, Hpe vien Phu nfl, Hpc vien
ngM viec... Can bp lam trong linh vflc nay Thanh thieu nien, Dai hpc Y te cdng cdng...
chfla thflc sfl yen tam cdng tac nhat la Vi vay can dao tao nguon nhan Iflc giang
nhflng vflng sau, vflng xa. Hdn nfla cMnh day ve dieu tri ngMen ma tfly mdt each
sach dai ngp thu hflt nhan Iflc cdn han che, bai ban va chuyen sau.
mpt sd' dia phfldng cd che dp flu dai Idn
Thd ba, hiu bet cac chUdng trinh dao
nhflng ciing khd thu hflt dfldc nhan Iflc cd tao Cdng tac xa hpi la chUdng trinh dao
trinh dp, tam huyet de lam viee lau dai tao chung tdng the nganh cdng tac xa hdi,
nha't la ddi vdi cac bac si, tfl van vien... Ben khdng di sau va chua cd nganh diiu tri
canh do, da phin cic cd sd cai nghien ma nghi$n ma tuy. Linh vUe ma tfly cM dfldc
tuy chfla xay dflng dfldc dl an vi tri viec dao tao thdng qua eac khda tap huan ngin
lam, vi vay nMeu trfldng hdp tuyen dung ban hoac dfldc long vao thanh mpt vai

khong phu hdp vdi nhu ciu cong viee dieu mdn hpc gid'ng nhfl cac mdn hpc khac
tri eai nghien ma tfly. H i u het can bd trong cac trfldng cd dao tao ve Cdng tac xa
Trung tam dfldc tuyen dung theo yeu ciu hpi nhu Dai hpc Lao ddng xa hdi, Dai hpc
ve quan ly giao due hpc vien cai nghien Thai Nguyen, Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hdi va
b i t budc. Do vay, kinh nghiem edng tae Nhan van Ha Ndi va Thanh phd' Hd CM
chu yl^u nghieng ve quan ly nMiu hdn, Minh, Dai hpc Y, Dfldc... Dao tao vl ly
cac hdat dpng tU van/tham van, giad due, thuyd't diiu tri nghien chfla gan vdi thuc
dac biet la kie'n thflc, ky nang ve ceng tac hanh nMeu, hieu qua eung cip dich vu
xa hdi cflng nhfl cung cip dieh vu cdng chua eao. Thara cM rapt so' chUdng trinh
tac xa hpi cdn han che. Ben canh do, cac dao tao eua rapt so' trUdng cdn chUa ed
cd sd cai nghien chfla thflc Men dfldc cd mdn hpe lien quan den linh vflc ma tfly va
ehe tfl chu nen edng tae quan ly can bd dieu tri nghien ma tuy. Ndi dung kie'n
cdn chfla cao, cdng tac bdi dfldng chuyen thflc va ky nang cM tie't trong Iinh vUe ma
mdn, nghiep vu cdn ban ehe, ehua thfldng tfly va diiu tri ngMen Men nay cdn ehua
xuyen, kinh phi edn han hep.
cd sfl chuan hda, chUa dupc cap nhat
Thd hai, dpi ngu giang vien giang day thudng xuyen. Chung ta mdi ed mdt sd ndi
diiu tri ngMen ma tfly cdn thieu va ye'u, dung vl diiu tri nghien do sU phoi hdp cua
dac biet dpi ngu giang vien giang day ve Nha nUdc vdi cae to chflc phi cMnh phu, cd
dich vu cdng tae xa hpi ddi vdi ngfldi sU hd trd cua cac chuyen gia. Hinh thflc
ngMen ma tfly. Hien nay, mdi cM co mdt dao tao mdi thUe Men dudi dang tap huin
so' ca nhan dUdc dad tad tfl eac td chflc ngin ban do cac to chflc PM cMnh phu
NGOs, mpt so' giang vien cua rapt sd hoae sfl phdi hdp gifla td chflc phi chinh
trfldng dfldc dao tao bai ban ve ngMen ma phu va Bp Lao dpng, Bd Y te thflc Men.
tuy nhfl Hpe vien Canh sat, Hpc vien An Hpc vien theo hpc chu ye'u la Mem nhiem,
ninh, Trfldng Dai hpc Y Ha Npi, Dai hpc Y hp la can bd trong cac Cd sd diiu tri, cac
dfldc Thanh phd Ho CM Minh, Dai hpc bac si, cac giang vien giang day ve Cdng
Lao ddng xa hdi, Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi tae xa hdi. Vi vay, khdng phai ai thara gia
SO 7-2019

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI

J^


PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN LUC CUNG CAP DICH VU...
t a p h u a n eung chuyen t a m va nhiet huyet

c h u y e n gia cflng nhfl tfl M^m hua'n vien

vdi h o a t dpng dieu tri cai nghien m a tfly.

cd sd.

Dflng trudc nhflng t h a c h thflc va yeu
cau cao cua xa hpi ve dich vu cdng tae xa
hdi ddi vdi ngfldi ngMen m a tfly, can ed

Cac giai p h a p cu t h e :
Thd

nha't,

xay

dUng

chie'n lUdc tong the phit

va hoan

thiin

trien nguon

nhan

nhflng chien lUdc, giai p h a p xay dUng va

lUc cung cap dich vu cong tac xa hpi vdi

p h a t t r i e n ngudn n h a n Iflc cung c i p dich

ngudi nghien ma

vu cdng tac xa hpi mdt each b a i b a n va
khoa hpc theo cae cap bac n h i m

tuy.

De" l a m dflpc d i i u nay, ddi hdi chflng ta

giup

c i n nghien cflu s a u v l thfle te dich vu

ngfldi nghien co t h e tiep can dupe dich vu

cdng t a c xa hdi cho ngfldi ngMen m a tfly

d i i u tri eai nghien p h u hdp hudng de'n dn

vdi tfl duy dot p h a va t i m n M n l a u dai,

dinh va p h a t t r i e n d a t nUdc.

p h u hdp vdi thflc t i l n ddi mdi h i e n nay.

3. M o t

so' g i a i

phap

phat

trien

Chie'n Mdc tdng t h e p h a t t r i e n

ngudn

vu

n h a n Mc cung cap dich vu cdng t a c xa hpi

C o n g t a c x a h o i do'i v 6 i ngfldfi n g h i e n

vdi ngudi nghien m a tfly p h a i xac d i n h ro

n g u o n n h a n Iflc c u n g c a p d i c h
ma tuy

muc tieu, quy md, Id t r i n h va nhflng cd

Trong bdi c a n h xa hpi p h a t t r i e n cd sfl

che, cMnh sach tdng t h e ddi vdi dpi ngu

t h a y ddi da d a n g va phflc t a p eae loai

l a m n g h e cdng tac xa hpi cd lien q u a n de'n

c h i t gay nghien, cac loai h i n h sfl d u n g va

dieu tri nghien m a tfly. Dieu q u a n trpng la

t r o n g cac mdi q u a n h e eua ngudi sfl d u n g

mue tieu cMen lUdc c i n Uu tien k h i c phue

cha't gay nghien, h e thd'ng hd trd, eung

m a u t h u a n gifla p h a t t r i e n ve so' Mdng,

c i p dieh vu edng tac xa hpi c i n cd sU t h a y

eha't Mdng va cd eau; xac dinh quy rao, sd

ddi p h u hpp, cd sU ke't ndi gifla n h a cung

lupng va cd ca'u ehd p h u hdp vdi dich vu

cap va ngudi sfl d u n g dich vu. Hdn nfla,

cdng tac xa hdi t r o n g d i i u tri ngMen ma

can ed sfl t h a y ddi dong bp, n h a t q u a n

tuy. Xay dUng ehie'n Mde vdi Id t r i n h thuc

t r o n g h e thd'ng hd trd, ddng thdi cd sfl ket

hien hdp ly, cd t i n h du bao eao, m a n g tinh

ndi gifla ea nhSn, gia d i n h va xa hpi. Cac

t o a n dien va ddng bd, ddng thdi h o a n thien

ben t h a m gia can cd sfl cam k e t va quye't

cd ehe, chinh sach dac thfl de p h a t trien

tara thflc Men dUa t r e n n i n t a n g t i n

ngudn n h a n Mc chat Mpng cao v l dich vu

t u d n g va thd'ng n h a t vdi n h a u .

cdng tac xa hdi vdi ngudi nghien m a tfly.

Mac dfl c h u n g ta da cd sU g i n ket gifla

Ben canh dd, c i n l a m tdt edng tae giao

ly t h u y e t va t h u c h a n h nhUng t h u c t e

due, tuyen t r u y e n n h i m n a n g cao n h a n

thflc h a n h k h d n g cd sfl kiem soat v l m a t

thflc cua cac cap, b a n n g a n h va toan dan

kie'n thflc, ky n a n g va ky t h u a t , t h a m chi

v l m a tfly, tae hai cua m a t u y va each

k h d n g kid'm soat dupe. Vi vay, r a t c i n

thfle phdng ngfla m a tfly, giam t i n h t r a n g

t h i e t p h a i xay dUng dpi ngu giam sett ho

ngudi nghien ma tfly va phdng chdng tdi

trp chuyen m d n t r o n g linh vUc d i i u t r i

p h a m lien q u a n de'n m a tuy. Ddng thdi

n g h i e n m a t u y , xay dflng cd che hdp t a c

giao due tuyen t r u y i n ve vi tri, t a m quan

dao t a o cd sfl phdi hdp giam s a t hd trp tfl

trpng, muc tieu, ndi d u n g va

Q

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI

phfldng

SO 7-2019


LE THI THUY
hudng xay dflng, phat triin ngudn nhan thuan ldi phat trien nguon nhan Ifle,
Iflc chat Ifldng cao v l dieh vu cdng tac xa khuyen khich phat trien thi trUdng ngudn
hpi trong dieu tri ngMen ma tfly nhat la nhan lUc chit Ifldng cao d cac tang, bac,
trong thdi dai phat trien eiia cudc each vung miin, khdng chi tap trung d thanh
mang cdng ngMep 4.0.
phd' Idn hay nhflng ndi cd diiu Men phat
Thd hai, xiy dUng va hoan tbien he trien. Vi thflc te, nhieu hpc vien ed kiin
thdng cd che, chinh sach vi phat triin thfle ky nang nhflng lai khdng lam dflng
nguon nhan lUc chat lUdng cao cung cdp nganh nghe, khdng vl nhiing vung sau,
dich vu cong tie xa hpi trong dieu tri vung xa ma chi thich d lai thanh phd' Idn
nghien ma tiiy.
mac dfl cdng viec khdng dung nganh hoac
Phai thfldng xuyen diiu cMnh, bd sung thu nhap khdng dn dinh.

va hoan thien he thd'ng cd che, chinh sach
Tang cfldng sfl hdp tac hieu qua gifla
nhim tao hanh lang phap ly thuan ldi cho Nha nfldc, doanh ngMep va eae trUdng dai
viec phat trien nguon nhan Iflc chit Ifldng hpc edng nghe de thflc day sfl phat trien
cao d nfldc ta. Diiu nay phai dUde thue nghe edng tac xa hpi flng dung khoa hpc
hien ddng bd tren nMiu phUdng di§n nhU: cdng nghe thdng tin tfl luu gifl ho sd den
giao due - dao tao, khoa hpc - cdng nghe, giao due truyen thdng hay he thd'ng quan
mdi trudng lam viec, chinh sach viec Mm, ly cung cip dieh vu. Ben canh do, cac nha
thu nhap, an smh xa hdi, bao hiem, bao lanh dao, quan ly trong he thd'ng cung cip
trd xa hdi, cham sde sfle khde... Cu the, dich vu cdng tac xa hdi vdi ngfldi nghien
chung ta ein tao sfl dot pha vl dai ngd, ma tfly can manh dan sfl dung ngudn
tdn vinh nguon nhan Ifle ehit lfldng, tdn nhan luc tre cha't lUdng cao; ldi cud'n, thu
vinh nhflng ci nhan cd thanh tich cao hut hp vao nhflng cdng viec eu the va ddng
trong ddng gop sfle minh cho cong cupc vien hp nd Iflc pha'n da'u van dung nhflng
phdng ehd'ng ma tfly, trong boat dpng Men thflc, chuyen mdn vl edng tac xa hdi
giang day vl ma tuy cflng nhfl trong hoat trong dieu tri ngMen ma tfly da dfldc tich
dpng cung cip dich vu trflc ti§'p va gian luy, dUde dao tao tai eac trUdng hay cac
tiep cho ngfldi ngMen ma tfly. Ngoai ra, khda tap hua'n thdng qua nhflng chinh
cin thflc Men chinh sach tien Ifldng linh sach sfl dung hdp ly.
hoat theo tieu cM tai nang va hieu qua
Thd ba, diy manh va doi mdi can ban,
ddng gdp eua ca nhan va tap the; tae mdi toan diin, dong bd giio due - dao tao, xay
trudng lam viec treng sach, thuan ldi eiing dung chuong trinh dao tao cdng tic xa hgi
nhu cd hdi thang tie'n de tao ddng lUc thuc vdi ngUdi sd dung ma tuy phit hdp trong
day, khuyen khieh hp tham gia lae ddng tinh idnh mdi.
sang tao he't minh va dat hieu qua eao.
Cin nhanh chdng hoan tMen he thd'ng
Ben canh dd, he tho'ng cd che, chinh giao due theo hfldng md, hdi nhap, thflc day
sach cin tie'p tuc doi mdi the chd', hoan phan tang, phan luong, td chflc, sip xep lai
thign hanh lang phap ly tfl Trung Udng he thd'ng giao due dao tao vl nghl dieu tri

dl^n dia phfldng nhim tao mdi trfldng nghien ma tfly, dac biet la nghe edng tac xa
sd 7-2019

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI

Q


PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN LUC CUNG CAP DICH VU...
hdi vdi linh vflc dieu tri cai nghien ma tfly. ngudi ngMen ma tuy. Xay dUng cac khda
Cu the, xay dflng chfldng trinh, ndi dung tap huan ve dieu tri nghien ma tuy.
dao tao dai hpe theo hfldng tinh gian. Men
Phat trien ngudn nhan Iflc dfla trSn
dai, thie't thUc va phfl hdp, "chuyen manh cd sd xay dflng he thd'ng tich hdp cac ca'u
qua trinh giae due chu ye'u tfl trang bi Men phan, hai hda eae ye'u td' ben trong va
thflc sang phat trien toan dien nang Ifle va ben ngoai, nghia la khdng chi dao tao
phim chat ngfldi hoc, hpe di ddi vdi hanh, giao due rieng rapt ca nhan raa can giao
ly Man gin lien vdi thue tien. Phat trien due, dao tao ea he thd'ng ngudn nhan
giao due va dao tao phai gin vdi nhu cau lUe. Ddng thdi, thanh Mp va rad rpng cac
phat trien Mnh te - xa hdi, xay dflng va bao cd sd eung ca'p dich vu cd cd cau td chflc
ve To quo'c, vdi tie'n bd khoa hpc - cdng phu hdp thed quy trinh tdng the va
nghe, yeu cau phat trien nguon nhan lUc chuyen sau, ke't nd'i he thd'ng chinh
va thi trudng lao ddng"'^'.
thd'ng va khdng ehinh thong. Chang
Tie'p tuc thUc hien va hoan thanh viec ban; Nhflng ngudi chUa cd Men thflc, ky
thUe hanh phai dfla tren bing ehflng, xay nang chuyen mdn ma Mm viec chi dfla
dflng cd sd thflc hanh trong eae trUdng tren kinh nghiem thi khdng nhat thie't
Dao tao ve linh vUc dieu tri nghien ma tfly phai chuyen trach sau ve mat chuyen
va ke't ndi vdi cd sd thUe hanh tai ed sd. mdn ma cd sU tich hdp, g i n ke't vdi
Viet Nam da thuc Men cac boat ddng, eae nhflng ngfldi cd ehuyen mdn, nghidp vu

chUdng trinh cd sU cam ket tdng the, tao cao. Viet Nam da thUe Men md hinh
diiu Men chuyen giao, cam ket trong viec "Cai nghien b i t budc" dan d i n ehuyen
trien khai va thuc hien cac boat dpng cung sang cai nghien tU nguyen dUa vao edng
cap dich vu dieu tri ngMen. Hpc ly thuyet dong va hien nay dang thue hi§n sU tich
phai di ddi vdi thuc hanh, thUc tap. Cd sd hpp, long ghep gifla cai nghi§n b i t budc
thflc hanh ein dflpc xay dung hdp phap tai ddi vdi nhflng ddi tfldng cd tien an, tiln
cac Trfldng Dai hpc, Cao dang cd dao tao sfl vdi cai nghien tu nguyen tai trung
ve edng tac xa hdi va cd sfl gin ket chat tam. Day la Id trinh cin cd thdi gian va
che vdi cd sd dieu tri nghien raa tuy. Day cac ye'u td ho trd ddi da tfl ca nhan, gia
la ye'u to' quan trpng thuc day sfl phat dinh va cdng dong.
trien chat Ifldng dpi ngu lam nghe cung
ca'p dich vu dieu tri nghien ma tuy.
xay dung chfldng trinh dao tao efl nhan,
sau dai hpe hay dao tao chuyen sau cd sU
tham gia eua cae chuyen gia. Xay dung va
chuin hda tai lieu hpc tap lien quan den
diiu tri ngMen ma tuy, tai lieu tap huan va
dao tao dai han. Hdn nfla, cin phan bd
ngudn Iflc dl phat trien chfldng trinh tap
huan vl dich vu cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi

Q]

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI

Phat trien nguon nhan Mc cung cap
dich vu edng tac xa hpi trong linh vUc dieu
tri cai ngMen ma tfly thdng qua hoat ddng
hpp tae qud'e te vl giao due - dao tao, tao
mdi trudng va dieu Men thuan Ipi de thu

hflt nhan Mc cd tai nang va kinh ngMem

'" Van kien Hgi nghi Ign tbU nam Ban Cha'p hanh
Trung uang khoa XII, Van phong Trung uong D^ng,
Ha Nm, 2017.

sfi 7-2019


LE THI THUY
trdng nfldc va qud'e ti, thudng xuyen boi
dudng nhan tai thong qua hpc tap, tu
dudng d nude ngoai. Thfle hi§n ket hdp
gifla cMnh sach hd trd tfl ngan saeh nha
nudc vdi huy ddng cac ngudn Iflc xa hpi
nham dao tao ngudn nhan Iflc cung cap
dich vu cdng tae xa hpi vdi ngfldi ngMen
raa tuy.
xay dflng mdi quan he hdp tac ben
vflng gifla cac trfldng Cao dang, dai hpc
dao tao vdi cac td chflc phi chinh phu
(NGOs) cd lien quan den cdng tac xa hpi
va diiu tri nghien ma tfly, cd sfl gin ket
gifla cac linh vflc tam ly, y te va xa hdi.
Thflc t i khdng chi cd mpt cdng cu duy
nha't trdng dad tad v l nguon nhan Ifle
dieu tri nghien ma tfly. Hien nay cd sfl
thay ddi da dang va phflc tap eac loai
chit gay nghien, dac biet vin d l lidn
quan Idn nha't dl^n sfle khde cua ngfldi

dan Viet Nam la rfldu, bia va chat gay
nghien thi viec diiu tri khdng ddn gian.
Hdn nfla, khdng phai ai sfl dung raa tuy
cflng bao cao, vi vay cin tim ra phfldng
phap tie'p can td't, tie'p can ngfldi sfl dung
ma tuy qua nhflng ngfldi cd lien quan.
Chung ta can khuyen khich giang vien
giang day tot vao viec danh gia Mm
sang, xac dinh van de nghien ma tfly va
len ke hoach dieu tri. Dpi ngu giang vien
xuat phat tfl cac nganh nhfl Cdng tac xa
hpi, Tam ly, Y hpc va Dich te hpc, Diiu
dfldng... Cin gin ly thuye't vdi thflc tien
dieu tri nghien ma tfly, dao tao ben vflng
tai cac trudng Dai hpe, ket hdp gifla y
hpc va xa hpi.
Ket luan
Xay dflng va phat trien ngudn nhan
Iflc cung cip dich vu cdng tac xa hpi vdi
$67-2019

ngfldi nghien ma tuy doi mat vdi nhiiu
thach thflc, phflc tap, can ed chie'n lUdc
tdng the, dai han va sfl cd' gang quye't
tam cao cua Nha nfldc va nhan dan. Sfl
thanh cdng hay that bai, tan dung td't
thdi cd, van hpi hay vflpt qua nguy cd,
thach thflc d nude ta hien nay phu thudc
vao phUdng thflc khai thae ngudn Iflc
con ngfldi, phu thupc vao viec sfl dung

ngudn Ifle va ehe' dp thu hut loi cud'n
ngudn luc, nhat la viec xay dung, phat
trien ngudn nhan lUc cha't lUpng cao
trong bdi canh xa hdi phat trien nhu
ngay nay.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bfli Dinh Thanh (2004), Xa hdi hgc
va Chinh sich xa hdi, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa
hdi, Ha Ndi.
2. Vd Khanh Vinh (2016), Bai giang ve
"Nhflng vin de cap bach eua khoa hpc xa
hpi nUdc ta Men nay".
3. -cua -dich-vu .html
4. Van kien Hpi nghi lin thd nam Ban
Cha'p hanh Trung Udng khda XII, Van
phdng Trung Udng Dang, Ha Ndi, 2017.
5. Van kiin Dai hdi dai biiu toan qudc
lin thd XII, Van phdng Trung Udng Dang,
Ha Ndi, 2016.
6. />me/Nghiencuu-Traodoi/2018/50924/Phattrien-nguon-nha n-luc-chat-luong-eao -onuoe-ta-truoe.aspx
7. />8. http: Thdi bao tai chinh Viet Nam.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI

Q]