Tư tưởng và phong cách làm việc dân chủ, quần chúng của hồ chí minh

Pham Thi Huyen

Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE

163(03/1). 145-149

TlT T U ' O N G V A P H O N G C A C H L A M V I E C
DAN CHlf, Q U A N C H U N G C U A H O C H I M I N H
Pham Thi Huyen*
Trudng Dgt hgc Suphgm -DH Thai Nguyen
TOM T A T
Phong each Ho Chi Minh la bieu tupng ve phong each ciia mpt nha lanh tu, mdt bac hien tnet "dai
nhan, dai tri, dai dung, d^i liem", mpt con ngudi het long vi nhan dan, tin nhan dan nhung dong
thdi Cling \k phong c^ch ciia mpt ngudi nong dan, ngudi cong nhan, ngudi lao dong binh thudng
nhat de bat ky ai, d dau ciing deu co th^ hpc tap va lam theo. Phong cich lam viec ciia Ho Chi
Mmh la cdt each con ngudi Ho Chi Minh, cd gia tn to ldn ca ve m^t ly luan va thuc tien doi vdi
viec xay dyng mot mau ngudi can bp trong cong cuoc doi mdi dat nude hien nay
Ttf khoa: Phong cdch ldm vi$c, ddn chU, quan chimg, thifc hdnh ddn chu, ldnh dgo
TU T H C N G

V A PHONG

CACH L A M

VIEC DAN C H t l H O CHI M I N H
Tir tirorng H o C h i M i n h ve p h o n g each lam
viec dan chii
Xuat p h i t tir b i n chat tot dpp, uu viet cua che
dp mdi, ttong t i c pham Thudng thiic chinh tri
viet nam 1953, H o Chi Minh k h i n g dinh: "f?
nude ta chinh quyin la eiia nhdn ddn, do

nhdn ddn ldm chit... Nhdn ddn Id dng chu
ndm chinh quyin. Nhdn dan bdu ra dgi biiu
thay mat minh thi hdnh ehinh quyen. Thi Id
ddn chil" [5, tr.218-219]. Chinh quyen tii xa
den Chinh phu trung u a n g deu do d i n cir ra
v i nhiem vy cua Chinh phu l i p h i i l i m ngudi
day td that trung thinh, tan tyy, man can ciia
nhan dan, Mdt Chinh phii tot vdi mpt dpi ngii
can bp, tnrde het l i can bp lanh dao, quan ly
eac cap phii ddng vai trd vira la ngudi lanh
dgo, hudng dan n h i n dan, vira I i cdng bde
cua nhan dan. C i n bg phai biet lam vipc vi loi
ieh eua dan, do dan to chiic, dan kiem tra,
giam sit va l i n g nghe nhung gdp y eua nhan
dan de sua chiia thi do la nen d i n chu thye te
chii khdng phai dan chu hinh thiie g i i hieu.
Hon niia. H o Chi Minh ludn coi dan chii la
g i i tri dieh thue eua cupc song, la Ihii cua quy
bau nhat va "//JMC hdnh ddn chu Id cdi chia
khda vgn ndng cd the gidi quyet dugc mgi kho
khSn. Trong mgi eong viic, ngay tir khi ldp ki
hogch vd sudt cd th&i gian thuc
hiih'\l.

tr.325]. Vi vgy, d i n chu phai duge the hien
ttong mgi mgt, mgi linh v u e eiia ddi song xa
hpi, dac bipt trong each Ianh dao, Irong phong
each lam vi^e cua can bd
Phong cich l i m viee dan ehii phai dupe the
hien trong eie moi quan he c a b i n giiia c i c

ding vien, giiia c i n bg lanh dao d eae cap vdi
ding vien va quan ehiing, Trong qua trinh
hogt dgng cich mang eiing nhu trong sirdi
hoat Dang, Ho Chi Minh ludn yen c i u phai
m d rdng dan chii de tat c i cac dang vien cd
dieu kipn, cd c a sd bay td y kien, nguypn
vgng, de ra nhiing s i n g kien, kinh nghiem eiia
b i n than. Ngudi eho rang "Nguai lanh dgo
mudn biit rd uu diem vd khuyit diim cua
minh. mudn biit cdng tdc cua minh tot hay xau,
khdng gl khuyin edn bg minh manh bgo di y
kiin va phi binh. Nhu thi chdng nhiing khdng
phgm gi din uy tin cita nguai lanh dgo ma lgi to
ra ddn chu thdt thd trong Ddng^lS, tr.319]
Dong thdl, trong qua trinh lam viec, cdng tac
muon thyc hien phong each dan chii, ddi hdi
can bp phii la ngudi khiem ton, chd nen kieu
nggo, ty cao, tu dai. Bdi sy hieu biet v i kinh
nghiem lanh dao eiia e i n bd khdng phii liic
nao cung diing, khdng phii mpi viec deu hay,
Vi vay, e i n bp phii lang nghe y kien eua dan
ehiing de ed them kinh nghiem cho minh,
dong thai "khong nin tu ton. lu dgi, md phdi
ldng nghe f! kien ciia cap du&i"[3, tr,281],
Tren thuc le, dire linh khiem ton can thiet cho
tat c i moi nguoi, d i e biel la can bg lanh dgo,

Tet: 0982 033055; Emad- huyendapham@pnai ci
145

Phgm Thi Huyen

Tap chi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G NGHB

quin ly eac cap. Vdi diie tinh khiem ton hgc
hdi ngudi ein bp cd eg sd de dua ra nhirng
quyet dinh diing dan trong qui trinh lim vi?e.
Dong thdi, vdi due tinh khiem ton, ngudi cin
bg cd the phit huy siic mgnh cua khoi doin
ket, khdng ngimg hpc hdi, phit huy din ehu
de tien bp.
Mpi van de sau khi da dupc trao doi, bin bae
ky luang thi phong caeh lam vipe dan chu
Cling ddi hdi ein bd phii chiu trach nhiem vdi
nhiing viec minh da lim, vdi nhirng quyet
dinh minh da dua ra; tranh tinh trgng khi cd
cdng thi nhan ve ci nhan nhung khi ed loi thi
Igi do eho tap the. Ngay tir nhung nira dau
eua the ky XX, ttong tie pham "Du&ng Kdch
minh", Hd Chi Minh da dinh rieng mot mye
dau tien de ndi ve "tu cich ciia mpt ngudi
cich menh" gom 23 tieu chi khic nhau nhung
tuu chung lai trong ba moi quan he: vdi minh,
vdi ngudi vi vdi viee> Trong dd, cd nhiing
dieu Ngudl ein dan can bp nhu, "it long tham
mudn ve vat chdt", "xem xet hodn cdnh k^
cdng", "quyit dodn" [2, tr,258],
Trii nguge vdi phong each lim viee din chu
la dipn mao eiia nhirng ke quan Heu, hach

dieh, cira quyen, menh Ipnh, tham d, Iang phi.
Ho Chi Minh kieh liet len in hien tuong cin
bd "miing thi ndi ddn chu nhung ldm lgi theo
ldi "quan" ehu. Mieng thi noi "phung su
qudn ehiing" nhung lgi ldm trdi nguge v&i lgi
ich qudn chung" [5, t]:.\76].
d nude ta, vdi xuat phit diem ciia mgt nen
ndng nghiep lae hau lai chiu anh hudng bdi
nhirng tin du phong kien, tu sin, Hd Chi
Minh nhan thay nhirng can benh do cd cii goc
tir vipc cin bg so nhan dan, xa nhan dan,
khinh nhin dan, khdng hieu dan, khdng tin
dan, khdng thuong dan, khong sit vdi edng
vipc Ihye te, thieu tinh than trich nhiem, trinh
dp nang lue yeu kem. Vi vgy, muon sua ehua,
khic phye nhirng hien tugng nay ddi hdi phai
thyc hanh dan chu rpng rai Irong mgi ITnh
vuc, trude hel li thyc hanh ttong cich lim
vipe eiia cin bg.
146

163(03/1): 145-149

T^m giromg Hh Chi Minh vl phong each
lam vi^c dan chu
d Ho Chi Minh, phong cich lam vipc dan chfi
khdng ehi la ly thuyet ma trd thanh thdi quen,
tham vio trong suy nghi vi hanh dpng ciia
Ngudi. Trong vipe thue hinh phong each lam
viec din chii, theo Ho Chi Minh khdng chi b

trong moi quan hp giua eap tren vdi cap dudi,
giiia can bp vdi nhau, mi cdn the hipn trong
mdi quan he giiia can bd vdi nhan dan Nguai
nghiem khae phe binh mpt so cin bp trong
qui trinh lam viee thieu dan ehu, lam cho
ngudi ed y kien mi khdng dim ndi, muon phe
bmh ma khong dam phe binh. Ket qua la lam
cho moi quan hp giira can bd vdi nhan dan
ngiy eang xa rdi nhau, lam eho quan chiing
xa rdi Ding, khdng cdn sing kien, khdng con
hang hai ttong cdng viec. Phong cich lam viec
din chii duge Ho Chi Minh thye hien trong
mpi viee: ttong cic cudc hpp, tir viee chuan bi
ra mpt nghi quyet, van ban, mdt bai viet chp den
viec chuan bi mpt tam thiep chiie miing.
Trong vdng 10 nam sau ngiy mien Bac duoc
giai phdng (1955 - 1965), Ho Chi Minh ^t
ban 700 lan di tham ca sd. Moi lan di ca so,
Ngudi thudng khdng bio trudc de hieu dupc
thyc t^ eua dan vi quan dpi, dia phuong, co
quan, trudng hpe, to chiic; hieu dugc tam tn,
nguyen vong cua nhin dan Vdi ddi dep cao
su, bp quan ao kaki, nu eudi hien hau, den v6i
CO sd, bao gid Ngudi ciing di thim bep an,
nai d, khu ve sinh tnrde roi mdi ra hdi ttudng
de lim viec, ndi ehuyen vdi mgi ngudi. Den
vdi nhan din, Ngudi khdng chi nghe bao eao
eua can bp ma true tiep tham hdi, ddng vien,
lang nghe y kien eua ba eon va dua ra nhung
gpi y, chi dao gan giii vdi cudc song ciia nhan

dan. Vdi phong each lam viee dan chii, thiet
thue, cu the. Ho Chi Mmh Ien an cich lam
viee tren bin giay, nghe dan bao cao roi viet
ra mdt ban bao cio nhung dpe ky thi thay
rong tiiech. Ngudi cung phe phan cieh lam
vipc ciia nhung cin bd ehi biSt ddng ciia lai
mi viet ke hogeh, de ra ehinh sach roi ept vao
eo dan ehiing, bat dan chiing phai nghe theo.


Phgm Thi Huy^n

Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH£

24 nim tren cucmg vi li ngudi diing dau Dang
vi Chinh phii. Ho Chi Minh da neu len mgt
tam guang sing ve phong cich lim viee dan
ehu, Ngudi ludn chii dgng den vdi cupc song
eua nhan dan, lang nghe y kien eua nhan dan de
kip thdl £eu ehinh, sira chiia chii truong cua
Dang, chinh sich, phip luat eua Nhi nude cho
phu hpp vdi nguyen vpng ciia nhan dan.
TU TUONG VA PHONG CACH L A M
VIEC QUAN CmJNG HO CHI MINH
Tir tirdng Ho Chi Minh ve phong each lam
vifC quan chung
Mpt trong nhiing die trung ea bin ve phong
each iim vi^c Ho Chi Minh la Iudn gan gui
vdi quan ehiing nhan dan. Xuat phit tii nen
vin hda trong dan, "lay dan Ii goc" ciia din

tgc, tren nen ting Iy lugn ciia ehu nghia Mic Lenin eoi each mang la su nghipp ciia quan
chimg nhan dan vi quan chiing nhin dan li
ngudi sang tao ra Itch sir. Ho Chi Minh sdm
nhan thay siie mgnh thue su cua nhin din
Ngudi khang dinh: ''Cdch mgng la su nghiip
cua qudn ehung chic khdng phdi Id su nghiip
cUa ca nhdn anh hung ndo" [7, tr.672]. Do
do, siic manh vT dai va nang lyc sing tao vo
tgn cua quan ehiing Ii yeu to dam bao eho sy
thing loi eua each mang.
Luc luong cua nhan dan li vd cung to ldn
nhung lue lugng ay chi phat huy hipu qui cao
khi ed mdt to ehiie lanh dgo. Ho Chi Minh da
nhan thay to ehiie dd Ii Ding Cpng sin. Vi
•" vgy, sau khi tim thay eon dudng eiiu nude giii
phdng din tpc di theo eon dudng cua each mgng
vd san, Ngudi di no lue chuan bi day du eae
tien de ve ehinh tri, tu tudng va td ehiic cho su
ra ddl ctia Ding Cong sin Vipt Nam.
Trong dieu kipn Ding cam quyen, vdi su
nhgy cim, sic sio ve ehinh tn, vdi su quan
sit, phan tieh tinh hinh mpt each tinh tudng,
Hp Chi Minh yeu eau can bg phii cham lo,
eiing co moi quan he gan bd mau thit vdi
nhan dan. Ding lanh dao nhan dan, nhung
phii "hin hgp ngu&i ldnh dgo vai qudn
chung"[3,tT.2iZ]. Dang phai phit huy eao do
Iri tilp, sire mgnh eua nhan dan, "khdng co

163(03/1) 145-149

ddn chung thi khdng xong^'. Bdi vi nhiing
ngudl linh dgo ''trdng tie tren xuong", cdn
quan chiing thi "trdng thdy tie duoi lin". Han
niia, quan ehiing "tai mdt hg nhiiu, viic gi
cUng nghe thdy". Do vgy, ein bd khi ddng vai
trd la ngudi lanh dgo nhan dan phii cd duoc
nhung quyet djnh diing din, ed biSn phap lo
chiic thye hipn lot vi ed hogt dgng kiem tra hieu
qua. C) tat ci cic khiu ciia qui trinh quin ly deu
nhat thiet phii cd su tham gia cua nhan dan.
Dang lanh dgo nhung quyen hanh, lyc luong
li d ngi din. Cin bp cung khdng phai d tren
dan, d ngoai dan mi can bg tir nai quan ehiing
nhan dan vi phii trd lai nai quan chiing. Cho
nen. Ho Chi Minh yeu cau, can bp "phdi di
du&ng ldl qudn chiing, khdng dugc quan liiu.
minh linh vd go ep nhdn ddn" [5, tt 606]. Li
ngudi lanh dao dong thdi cin bd cung la
ngudi day td that trung thinh ciia nhin dan
nhim mang Igi quyen lgi, lpi ieh ehinh dang
eho nhan din. Ho Chi Minh nhan mgnh "Dd
phung su nhdn ddn, thi phdi phung su cho ra
trd. Viic gi co lgi eho ddn, thi phdi ldm eho
ky dugc. Viic gi cd hgi cho ddn. thi phdi het
siec trdnh" [5, tt.88], Vi vgy. Ho Chi Minh
thudng nhac nhd can bp phii lo trudc thien
ha, vui sau thien hg, phii tan tuy, man ein vdi
cdng viec, phai guong mau ttong eude song
vi cong tie de nhan din hpc tap va noi theo.

Hon nua, phong each lim viec quan chiing
ddi hdi can bp phii thuang dan, tin din, gan
giii vdi nhan dan, lang nghe y kien, hieu ro
tam tu, nguy?n vpng, tinh cam eda nhan dan
de d^ ra chinh saeh phii hop vdi yeu eau, ddi
hdi ehinh dang cua nhin din. Ho Chi Minh
nhan manh: "Chinh phii vd Ddng chi muu gidi
phong cho nhdn ddn. Vi thi. bdt cie viec gi
cUng vi lot ich eua nhdn ddn md ldm vd chiu
trdch nhiim tru&e nhdn ddn"[2, tr.245].
Trong cdng vipe, can bp khdng chi ddng vai
trp la ngudi linh dao nhan dan mi Ho Chi
Minh cdn xae dinh cin bp ciing phai hoe hdi
nhan dan de tim ra nguyen nhan vi sira chiia
khuyet diem eua minh, Bdi Irong qui Irinh lao
ddng, hgc lap, sin xuat, chien dau, nhan din

147


Pham Thi Huyen

Tap chi KHOA HOC

ta ed ea mdt kho tang kinh nghiem quy biu.
Vi vgy, "ddn chiing biit gidi quyit nhiiu vdn
di mdt cdch gidn dan, mau ehong, day du, md
nhiing ngu&i tdi gidt, nhirng dodn thi to lan
nghT mai khdng ra" [3, tr.295]. Dong thai, can
bg edn phii tiep thu y kien, ling nghe sy phe

binh eua nhan dan de tim ra nguyen nhan va sua
ehiia khuyet diem cua minh. Nhung thdi menh
lenh, cira quyen, xa rdi quan ehiing, "vie mat
lim quan cich mang" li hoin toan xa lg vdi
phong cich qugn chiing eiia Ho Chi Minh.
Trong qua trinh hoat dpng each mgng. Ho Chi
Minh da nhieu lan cinh bao ve nguy eo thoai
hda bien ehat ciia cin bp trong dieu kien
Dang cam quyen, "Mgt ddn tdc, mgt ddng vd
mdi eon ngu&i, ngdy hdm qua Id vi dgi, co
siec hdp ddn l&n, khdng nhdt dmh hdm nay vd
ngdy mai vdn dugc mgi ngu&i yiu men vd ca
nggi, niu long dg khdng trong sdng nua, niu
sa vdo ehu nghla cd nhdn" [3, tt,672]. Song
muon dupe dan tin, dan quy, dan yeu thi can
bd khdng chi chim Io den ddi sdng vit chat
va tinh than eua nhan dan ma edn phai khdng
ngimg tu dudng, ren luyen dao diic cich
mgng, phii ean, kiem, liem, ehinh, ehi edng
vd tu. Ngudi luon nhac nhd can bd, ding
vien: "Tru&c mdt qudn chiing. khdng phdi ta
cic Viet len trdn chu "cdng sdn " md ta dugc
hg yiu men. Qudn chiing ehi quy men nhiing
nguai cdtucdch, dgo dire" [4, tr.l6].
Nhu vay, phong each quan ehiing ciia Ho Chi
Minh dugc the hien d viec nhin nhan sire
manh thuc sy, ttn tudng, tdn trpng, hpc hdi,
tiep thu, ling nghe y kien ciia nhan din,
Nhiing quan diem dd ciia Ngudi van cdn
nguyen tinh thdi sy doi vdi sy nghiep each

mang nude ta hien nay.
Tam gutfng H6 Chi Minh ve phong each
lam viec quan chung
Xuat phat tir tam long yeu nude thuong dan,
vdi mong rauon dong bao thoit Ididi ach ap
biic, thong In eiia thyc dan, moi ngudi dan
deu cd dugc mdt cude song am no, hanh
phuc, Ho Chi Minh da di ra nude ngoai tim
kiem con dudng ciiu nude eho dan lpc vdi hai
148

& C6NG NGHE

163(03/1). 145-149

ban tay trang,Trong hinh trinh tim kiem con
dudng ciiu nude diy chdng gai, gian kho
nhung ehinh mem tin vao siic raanh to ldn
vio quan chiing nhin dan khi dugc to duic,
dugc lanh dao va quy ty dugc siie manh cija
nhan dan da giiip Ngudi vugt quan mpi khd
khan de tim kiem eon dudng ciiu nude diing
din cho dan tdc
Sau khi gianh chinh quyen, ttong buoi le ra
mit trudc quoc dan, dong bio, dang doc
Tuyen ngdn dpe lgp. Ho Chi Minh dirng lai
hdi: "Ddng bdo nghe tdi noi ro khdngi".
Muon trieu ngudi nhu mpt dong thanh dap:
Cd. Mpt eau hdi binh di, ty nhien ciia Ngucri
da lam xda nhda khoang caeh giira lanh tu voi

nhan dan, lim xiie ddng hang chyc tneu dong
bao cd mat tai quang trudng Ba Dinh lich sir
Nam 1961, khi ve tham lai Pac Bd, Cao Bang,
thay tinh ddn tiep long trpng. Ho Chi Mini
ndi: 'Tdi ve thara nhi rai sao phii ddn toi".
Nam 1968, Ngudi edn muon vio mien Nam
tham hdi, dpng vien ddng bio va ehien sT blng
each Iam edng tren ehiec tau thiiy giong nhu
anh Ba hoi dau the ky, Nhung rat tiee, udc
nguyen dd cua Ngudi khdng thue hien dupc.
Chinh phong each lam viee quan chimg cua
Ho Chi Minh Iim cho raoi ngudi dii d dau,
lira nghe gi khi den vdi Ngudi - mdt nguySn
thii quoe gia ma khdng cam thay nggi ngimg,
khoang cich. Moi ngudi khi tiep xue vdi Ho
Chi Minh deu tim thay d Ngudi su dong earn,
se chia, sy quan tam nhu nhiing ngudi than
trong gia dmh,
Trong cdng cudc doi mdi dat nude hipn nay,
phong cich lira viec quan chiing khdng chi
can thiet doi vdi ein bp, dang vien vdi nhSa
dan rai cdn ed y nghia sau sac trongraoiquan
he giua cap tren vdi cap dudi, giua can bg
lanh dgo vdi dang vien binh thudng,
KETLUAN
Phong each lim vipe cua Ho Chi Minh la sy
ke thira, phit trien nhiing gia tri van hda cua
dan toe, tmh hoa van hda eua nhan loai ma
dinh eao la phong cieh Mae - Lenin; la Sii
Ihong nhat bien chirng giiia con ngudi - cu6e

Phgm Thi Huy^n

Tap chi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G NGHE

ddi va sy nghiep cieh mang; giiia tu tudng phuang phap v i phong cieh.
Tu tudng v i phong cich lam viee dan ehu,
quan ehiing ciia Hd Chi Minh ed y nghia vd
Cling to ldn doi vdi sy nghi?p cich mang Viet
Nam, ke ci trong cdng cude dau ttanh giii
phdng din tge va ttong cdng eupe doi mdi dat
nude hipn nay.
Song thyc te cho thay van cdn tinh trgng can
bp quan lieu, eua quyen, bieh dich, xa dan,
vo cam vdl nhiing khd khan trong eupe song
cua nhan dan, Vi vay, ben cgnh viee day
mgnh luyen truyen hpc tip va theo tu tudng,
tam guang dgo diic, phong cieh Ho Chi
Minh, moi ein bp, ding vien phii thudng
xuyen thye hien cdng tic ty phe binh va phe
binh trudc nhin din theo tinh than Nghi quyet
Tnmg ucmg 4 khda XI ciia Dang. Dong thdi,
trong qui Irinh lanh dao, khi xay dyng dudng
loi, chinh sich phii dya tren ea sd nam bit
duge yeu cau, nguyen vpng eda quin chiing

163(03/])' 145-149

nhan dan vi to ehiie thyc hien duong loi phii

thgt su dan chii, ty nguyen, ty giie, tranh gd
bd, mpnh lenh de "dan chii phii duoe thye
hipn day dii, nghiem tiie tren tat ea eae linh
vye eua ddi song xa hgi" [ 1, Tr. 169]
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai
hpi dgi bieu toan quoc lan thir XII, Van phdng
Trung uong Dang, Ha Npi.
2 Hd Chi Mmh (2011). Todn tap. Tap 2, Nxb
CTQCHaNpi3 Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap, T§p 5, Nxb
CTQG, Ha Npi.
4, Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap. Tap 6, Nxb
CTQG, Ha Ndl
5, Hd Chi Mmh (2011), Todn tap, T?p 7, Nxb
CTQG, Ha NOI
6 H 6 Chi Mmh (2011), Todn tap, Tgp 10, Nxb
CTQG,, Ha NOI
7. Ho Chi Minh (2011), Todn tgp, TSp 12, Nxb Nxb
CTQG.HaNdi-

SUMMARY
I D E O L O G Y , S T Y L E A N D L O V E F O R T H E MASSES OF H O CHI M I N H
Pham Thi Huyen
Umversity ofEducation - TNU
Ho Chi Mmh lifestyle ia a complete picture of a highly illustrated and wise leader, a man of
courage and integrity who devoted his life for the people. He exemplified the image of a peasant
worker for everyone to follow The work style of Ho Chi Minh is humane in nature with the
tremendous values, both in terms of theory and practice, which serve as the standard in the
construction of the breed of leaders of the country today
Keywords: Workslyle, democratic, masses, exercise of democracy, leadership.

Ngdy nh^n bdi: 26/8/2016; Ngdy phdn biin: 14/9/2016; Ngdy duyet ddng: 31/03/2017
Tel: 0982 033055; Email: