Khung thể chế, chính sách về bình đẳng giới trong công vụ ở việt nam hiện nay

NGHIEN CUU - 1KAU uui

KHUNG THE CHE, CHINH SACH VE BINH DANG GICll
TRONG CONG VU 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
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HOANG MAI*

Tiongbo^tdgngcdngvu, binb dingpdi dugc tbdhign dpbuongdi$n nam vinOed cung
vi didx3 bgi, ddu cdeob0i,n^uavu,qity&ilgi ngangnbau trong (pii trinb tbuc tbi cdng
Vflbeonbangnguygntienbitt^nlLMieddcbdngtadid^tdugcnbilngtbinbcdngiihit
^nb trong vigct^o lip khung thd cb^ cbinb sicb vg binb tiinggidi song vin edn nbdng
kboingtrffng trong quy dfnbvi tbuc tlii dc quy dinh vg binb ding ^di trong cdng vgd
VigtNam.
Gender equality in tbeptactiee ofthe dvU service is understood as the etpiallty between
men and women in holding positions, tuxessingtoopportunities and benedts as well as
assuming obli^tions in periotming the public duty based on tbe deBned rules. Though
an institutional framework and policies for gender equality are made, there have been
lindtations In the regulations and implementation ofthe regulations on gender equality
In tbe dvil service.
1. Nhiing left qui dpt dugc tiong tpo l$p
kbung tbt chd, cliinh sich vd binh ding
gifli tiong cflng vp
Ding vi Nbi nuoc ta d i lufin quan tim
vi timg bufic tao lap khung thd chd, ctunh
sicb cin ttudt eho vide bio dim mue tidu
binh ding gifii (BDG) ttong boat dfing cfing

vu. Didu nay dupe thd bidn ttong cic van
kipn cua Ding vi pbip luit eiia Nhi nufic,
nhu Nghi quydt sfi U-NQ/TW eua Bp
Chmh 01 ngiy 27/4/2007 vd cflng tie php
notiifliky diy mpnh cfing nghidp hfia, bidn
dpi hfia dit nuflc. Ngiy 18/01/2013, Ban Bi
fliu efl vin bin sfi 55-KL/TW tidp die day
manh tiiuc hipn Nghj quydt sfi U-NQ/TW
eua Bp Chinh tti khfia X "Vd efing tic phu

nfi thoi ky diy manh cong nglupp hfia, tudn
dpi hfia dit nufic", ttong dfi ndu rfi: die bipt
quan tam den nfii dung thue bidn nguydn
t*c binh ding giaa nam vi nu vd dfi tufii
B-ong quy hoach, dio tao, dd bat, bfi ntiidm,
dghi huu...
Nam 2006 Nha nuoc da ban hanh Luat
BDG nhim dat mue tidu xfia bfi su pbin
bidt doi xu ve gifii. Luit BDG da quy dinh rfi
nfii dung BDG ttong Unh vuc cblnh tri:
nam, nfi bulb ding ttong tiiam gia quin ty
nhi nufie, tbam gia boat dfing xi bfii; nam,
tti bmh ding ttong tham gia xiy dung vi
'^vc hidn hutmg uoe, quy ufic cua cpng
* TS, Hpe vien Hanh chinh CJuoc gia

Ti!tPCH(QUANLtNHANU0C-S6252(1/2017)

Q

nvanicn \.u u - i nnv wt

dinh vd tfing ghdp vin dd BDG trong xiy
dung VBQPPL, gfip phin khing dinh vi
ning eao hon nOa vai ttfi, tam quan ttpng
ciia vin dd BDG ttong xiy dung vi thpe tiii
phip lupt
Cu the hfia nfii dung Luit BDG trong
efing vu, Luit Cin bd, edngebucnim 2008,
quy dinh "thue ttidn binh ding gifii" li rapt
nguyen tic trong quin ty cin bp, efing
chiie. Luat niy d i cfi nhang quy dinh bio
dim sp binb ding trong co hfii gia nhjp
ndn cflng vp, bmh ding ttong eo hfii vd dio
tpo, bfii duong, thing tidn vi phit tridn
chiic nghidp.
Vd dp tufii tuydn dpng, tufii dp mydn
cfing chiic dfii vfli ci nam vi nti tudn nay li
nhu nhau, di dii 18 - 40 mfii. Didu kipn, tieu
ehuin ding ky dp tuydn cin bfi, cfing chiic
(CBCC) do Nhi nufic ban hinh khfing cho
pbdp phin bidt gifli tinh ttong mydn dung.
Theo quy dinh eiia Thflng tu sfi
Co quan nio quy djnb cbi nhpn hfi so nam
17/2014/TT-BTP ngiy 13/8/2014, coquan
dd xuit xiy dung vin bin, ea quan lip dd bo?e ehi nhpn lifi so nfi, quy dinh tm tidn
nghi Chuong trinh xiy dpng vin ban, eo dfii vfii nam gifii (hoic uu tidn na gifii) li
quan chu tii sopn thio, cp quan thim dinh, ttii vfii quy dinh ciia Nhi nufic.
Vd CO bin, eic quy dinh vd quydn vi

thim tta dp thio vin bin tbpc hidn vipe
xem xdt phan ti'eh dd pbit hipn ttong Unh nghia vp eila efing cliuc nam vi cflng chiic
vpc, quan hp xa hpi m i vin bin se didu nu li nhu nhau trong hopt dfing cflng vp;
cbinb cfi khi ning din ddn bit BDG, phin eic quy dinh vd dinh gii, khen thuflng, ky
bidt dfii xii vd gifii. Dfing thfii, Thfing tu lupt khflng phin bipt nam vi nfi; vide ip
ciing quy dinh, thue hidn tfing ghdp vin dd dung cic hinh thue ky luHt khi efing ehdc
BDG trong xiy dpng vin bin quy phpm na vi phpm ky luit vin Unh ddn giai do?n
phip luat (VBQPPL), nhu: tfing ghep vin dd mang thai, nufli con nhfi; quy chd bii
BDG trong dd nghi xiy dpng VBQPPL, nhidm, bfi nhipm Ipi, luin chuydn, tu chiic,
ttong soan tiiio VBQPPL, ttong tiiim dinh midn ttiiidm CBCC linh dpo, tufii bfi nhipm
dp tiiio VBQPPL; tfing ghdp vin dd BDG lin diu eho cie vj tti linh dpo tu cip
trong tiiam tra dp thio VBQPPL eua Vin traflng, pbfl phfing cip huydn vi tuong
phong Chinh phil. Ban thim tta dp thio duong trfi Idn cho ca nam vi na ddu nhu
cila HDND dupe pbin cfing tfiim tta tbpc nhau. Khi tbpc hipn midn thi ngopi ngfl
hipn vipe diim tta dp diao vin bin. Ngiy ttong cic ky thi hoic xdt ning ngpch cflng
22/6/2015, Qufic bfii da tiifing qua Luit chuc, vidn chiie thi CBCC nu dupe giim 5
Ban hanh \'BQPPL (Luit cfi hidu lue kd tu mfii so vfii nam gifii.
ngiy 01/7/2016) voi nhidu npi dung quy
Chinh sicb tidn luong vi cie chd dfi php

dfing hoic quy dinh, quy ehe cila co quan,
tfi chiic; nam, nfi binh ding ttong vide tu
ung eu vi dupe gifli ttudu iing eii dai bidu
Qufic hpi, dpi bidu Hpi dong nhan din
(HDND); nr ung cit vi dupe gifii thidu ung
eu vio CO quan lanh dpo eila tfi ehiic chinh
tri, tfi chiic ctiinh tri - xi hpi, tfi ehue ctiinh
tri xi bfii - nghd nghidp. to ehue xi hfii, tfi
ehue xa hpi - nghd nghidp; nam, nu bittii
ding vd tidu ehuin chuyen mfln, dfi mfii

khi dupe dd bat, bo ntudm vio cimg vi tri
quin ty, linh dao cua co quan, to chuc.
Luat eung xic dinh cie bidn phip tbuc diy
BDG ttong linh vuc chinh tti, bao gfim: bio
dim ty Id ttu'eh ding nfi dai bidu Qufic bfii,
dpi bidu HDND phil hpp vfli mpe tidu qufic
gia vd BDG; bio dim ty Id nu thich ding
trong bo nhiem cie chuc danh trong co
quan nbi nufie phii hop voi mue tidu quoc
gia vd BDG.

Ti«lP C H I Q U A N LY N H A N U O C - S6 252 (1/2017)


NGHlENCCfU-TRAOBdl

cip cbi tta khfing phin bidt efing chuc nam
vi cflng ehue na. Vd cflng tie quy hoach
cong cbac na lim vide ttong cic co quan
nhi nufic: php na dupe eic eip chinh quyen
tpo dieu kidn tiiam gia eic boat dpng xa bfii
vi phit buy tfit vai ttfl tiiam gia quin ly nhi
nuflc, pbin diu bio dim efl ty Id nu tiuch
ding ttong eic CO quan nhi nuflc cic eip.
Ngiy 31/3/2016, Tbu difing Chinh phii
ban hinh Quydt dinh sfi 515/QD-TTg phd
duydt Dd i n thpe hidn bidn pbip bio dim
BDG doi voi nu ein bfi, cfing chuc, vidn
chuc (CBCCVC) giai doan 2016 - 2020. De
in di dua ra eae nhfim giii phip nhim

giim sp chdnh lech vd vi tri, vai trfi, didu
kipn, CO hpi pbit buy nang luc giaa nu
CBCCVC vfii nam CBCCVC trong quy
hopeh, tao nguon, dio tao, bfii duong, bfi
tri vi sii dpng tai co quan, to chile nhi
nufic. Tu giii phip ve ning eao nbin tbuc,
ting eufing trich nhipm eiia ngufli diing
diu trong vide thpe bidn cic chii traong,
chinb sich eiia Ding vi Nhi nuflc vd BDG,
chinh sich vd quy hopeh, tao ngufin, bao
dim binb ding ttong bfi tri, su dung ddn
ning cao ning lue eiia dpi ngu nu CBCCVC,
ting cuflng cflng tic kidm tta trong vide
tiipe hidn cflng tie ein bp np va BDG.

Thunhit, he tiifing VBQPPL quy dinh
vd gifli vi long ghdp gifli eung nhu eic vin
ban Udn quan ddn xiy dung pbip luit vin
cfln chung chung, chua efl eic Udu ehi cu
thd dd xic dinh van dd gifli, Ifing ghdp gifli.
Nhin thue eila mpt sfi co quan ebil tti soan
thio luit, phip Idnh vd Ifing ghdp BDG
ttong qui tiinh xay dpng VBQPPL cfin ehua
diy du, ehua xie dinh li mpt quy trinh bit
buflc, npi dung bio eio dinh gii cfin hinh
thae. sa sii, diii den mpt sfi cliinh sich tfin
chua dupe lim ro truflc vi ttong khi soan
thio, chit lupng vin ban cfln ban chd,
trong qui trinh tiiim dinh, thim tra mfli
tidp thu, ctiinh ly. Trong mpt sfi dp in luit,

chit tupng ciia vide ifing ghdp gifii chua
eao. Cfi dp in luit ehua xic dinh diy du vin
dd gifli ttong giai dopn nghidn ciiu, chuin
hi hfi so, ddn khi tham tta, thim etu ddn khi
Qufic hpi thio luin, cho y kidn rfii mfli tidp
thu, giii trinh, ctiinh ly, hoin thidn. Ngufin
tpe cho boat dfing dinh gii, ehuin bi bio
cio tie dpng, xie dinh vin dd gifli cfin chua
diy du: co quan soan thio ttudu chuydn gia
gifli vd gifli, tiiidu ngufin lue vd tii ehlnh dd
nghidn eiiu, ehuin bi bio eio.

Thuhai, hidn nay khung thd ehd ehua
efl nhimg quy dinh eu thd vd ehd tii dfii vfii
Khung tiid ehd, cbinb sicb vd BDG da cic CO quan khfing tbuc hidn diy dii cie
gflp pbin quan ttpng trong vide ning cao quy dinh vd BDG trong tuydn dpng, su
vai ttfl, vi tri eua nu CBCC trong cic boat dung CBCCVC. Cie quy dinh vd BDG
dfing cflng vp fi Viet Nam. Ty Id na trong thuong mang tinh dinh huflng, khuydn
cic eo quan cflng quydn di ngay eing ting khich nhidu ban li nhang ring buflc,
Idn, CO hpi thing tidn, phit tridn ttdn eon nhang quy dinh bit bufic phai thpe hidn.
duflng ehiic nghiep eua na CBCC di rpng Chinh vi viy, a mfit sfi eo quan, thfing bio
tuydn dung ndu eu thd uu tidn mydn dung
mfi hon so vfli giai dopn truoc.
2. MOt sfl h«n chS tnmg Uiung thd chC^ nam hoic uu Udn na fi cic vi tri tuydn
dung. Didu niy din ddn vin dd gifii tro
chbih sic^ v< BDG tnaig n&i cflng vp
Bdn canh nhung kdt qui dat dupe thi thinh lioeinttongvidegianhip cfing vu.
khung thd ehd, chinh sicb vd BDG trong
Sfi Udu tu bao eio nghidn eiiu vd "BDG
efing vu o Viet Nam vin eon nhiing ban ehd ttong mydn dpng vi bfi nhidm efing chuc

nhit dinh:
nu" do Bfi Nfii vu vi Chuong trinh phit
T/tP CHl Q U A N Lt N H A NUOc - Sd 252 (1/2017)


N G H I I N C U U - T R A O BOI

Thd nim, cie quy dinh vd nfii dung
mang tinh bmh ding nhung khi thue hifn
efi su khic bipt vd kdt qui giaa nam vi nO.
Vi dp nhir Didu 20, Nghi djnh sfi
18/2010/ND-CP ngiy 05/3/2010 cua Chinh
phii quy dinh 5 didu kidn dd cfing ehiic dupe
cu di dio tao trinh dp thpe sy, tidn sy gfim
"(1) Cfi thoi gian cfing tictiidii 5 nim trd
tdn; (2) Chuydn nginh dio tpo phii hpp vfli
vi tri vide lim; (3) IChfing qui 40 mfii tiiih til
thoi didm dupe eu di dio tpo; (4) Cfi cam kft
tidp tpe thpe ttipn ntudm vp, cflng vp sau khi
hoin thinh chuong ttinh dio taottongtiifii
gian It nhit gip 3 lin thfli gian dio tpo; (5)
Cfl it nhit 3 nim Udn tpe hoin tiiinh tfit
nhidm vp". Diy li eich tidp cpn dupe si
dpng ttong mpt thfli gian diifinufie ta dufii
Thu ba, quy dinh vd BDG trong Luat hinh thue sii dpng cho cie chii thd "mpi
CBCC mai dimg laifiquy dinh mang tinh ngufii", "ein bp, efing chuc, vidn ehiic",
dinh tinh. Do viy, tpo ra sp nhin thue vi "ngufli lao dfing"... vi dupe mie nhidn ip
eich hidu chua thfing nhit vd vin dd BDG dpng nhu nhau dfii vfli ci nam vi na.
ttong qui trinh thue hifn xiy dung dpi ngii
3. £>|nh hufing v i giii ptiip hoin thifn

cfing chuc, vin eon tittii ttang ty Ip vi co
eiu giaa nam vi na ehua dupe bio dim, khung thd chd, cliinh sidi vd BDG ttong
vide thfing kd cic ehi tidu Udn quan nam, cflng vp 6t\adt Nam thfii gian tfli
Thunhit, cin quy dinh rfl vd BDG ttong
na ein bfi, cflng ehue thufing chua dupe
ndn cflng vp. Dfi li sp binh ding vd cp bfii,
ehu y dung miie.
binh ding trong dinh gii, binh ding ttong
Thu tu, vide tuydn ttuydn, ning eao
dfing gfip vi binh ding thp huflng nhiing
nhin thiic vd BDG, kidmtta,giim sit vide
dflng gflp trong hopt dfing efing vp.
tiiue hidn tiid chd, chmh sich vd BDG vin
Thuhai, nghidn eihi dfii mfii quy djnh
ehua dip ilng ydu can. Trong vipe dinh gii,
vd dfi tufii tham gia vi chim dat efing vp
quy hoach, tao nguon, bo nliidm, dinh kien
cua cfing chiic nam vi na tren ea sfi cic d}c
gifli vin lufln tfin tai, chua dupe xfia bfl. didm vd thd chd, tim sinh ty, dfi tufii cua
Nhimg dinh kidn nhu nu gifii khong efi khi mfii gifii, cin cfi nhimg quy djnh cptiidvd
ning linh dao, quin ty, nu gifli khfing efi dp tufii nghi ehd dfi theo eic vittivide tira,
khi ning dua ra nhfing quydt dirtii kip thfli, chuc danh nghd nghidp, bio dim phit huy
tinh dfic lip ttong qui ttmh ra quydt dinh diy dii vai trfi cua nam gifli vi nu gifli tirong
eiia nu gifli thip... ehua thpe sp thay dfii cie hopt dfing efing vp.
m i nguyen nhin li vide mydn tinydn, ning
Thu ba, ting cuflng tidng nfli, ting
eao nhpn thiic vdtiidchd, chmh sach BDG, cuflng su tham gia ciia nu gifli trong vide
cfing tic kidm tta, giim sit vd BDG cfin tpo tpp tiid ehd, cbinb sicb vd cflng vp
ehua dupe tiipc bien dfing bp vi bifu qui.
nhim bio dim BDG trong pbip lu$t thpe

tiien Lien ttidp qufic thue ttidn nim 2013
cho thiy, ttong eic ea quan binh ctunh
nhi nufie tii eip huydn tfii cap tiimg uong
ty Id cfing chuc na li 31,1%, ttong dfi na
lanh dao chidm khoing 18,4%. Nhiing nim
gin diy, mac du sfi tupng cfing chiie nu efl
ting nhung vin etii etiiem ty id khiem tfin
so vfii cong chiie nam. 6 khfii ea quan bfi
vi ngang bp chidm 23,9%; khfii cie coquan
thufie Chinh phu, tfing cue ehldm gin 25%;
Idifii eic CO quan chuydn mfin true thupe
iiy ban nhin din eip tinh li 18,9%; khoi
cie eo quan chuydn mfin cap huydn ehi
ettidm 15,5%. Didu dfl eho thiy, ludu qua
tbpc thi thd chd, cblnh sich vd BDG vin
ehua dip iing dupe mong dpi.

o

TAP CHf Q U A N Lt NHA NUOc - S6 252 (1/2017)


NGHl6NCUU-TRA0B
dinh vi ttong qui ttinh tiipe hidn cblnh
sich, phip luat vd BDG.
Thti tu, ning eao ehit lupng cua cie bio
cio dinh gii tie dfing, bio eio thim dinh
VBQPPL ttdn cie phuong didn vd BDG,
tfing ghdp gifii. Vide nghidn cuu, dinh gii

tic dpng khi ban hinh pbip luit, cblnh
sicb ben canh cie nfii dung khic, ein efi
vide dinh gia tie dpng Udn quan ddn khia
canh gifii. Cimg vfii didu niy, vide diim
dinh cic VBQPPL eung bd sung tiidm khia
epnh vd BDG ndu vin bin dp kidn sd tie
dfing ddn nam gifli vi na gifii. Nhiing didu
niy nhim bio dim gifii la mfit ydu tfi dinjc
ein nhic khi ban hinh khung thd ehd,
chittii sich vd boat dfing efing vu. Thue
hidn ngttidm tuc vipe kidm tta, tiianh tta,
giim sit ttong cic khiu eua quy ttinh xiy
dpng, soan thio thfing qua cie dp in lupt,
phip Idnh dd bio dim tit ci cic dp luit,
phip Idnh phii dupe tfing ghdp vin dd
BDC5. Kidn quydt khfing tham dinh, thim
tta vi thfing qua cic dp in lupt phip Idnh
khfing efi bio eio dinh gii hoic lim hinh
thue, so sii dfii vfii vin dd tfing ghdp BDG.
Thutu, xiy dung vi tridn khai thpe tiidn
Bfi cfing eu dinh gii Ifing ghdp gifli ttong
VBQPPL. Bp cflng cu niy dinh gii miie dp
quan tim ddn vin dd BDG, bio dim cie
quy dinh efi Unh ddn nhiing die didm xa
hfii eila nam gifli vi nu gifli, sp phit tridn vd
vi tri, vai ttfl cua nam gifli vi na gifii ttong
cie boat dpng efing vp.
Thu nim, ning eao hieu qui Wydn
tiuydn, ning eao nhin tiiuc vd BDG, xfia bo
djiib kidn gifli dd tao nhin thiie dung cua

cin bfi, cflng chiic vi cila ei cpng dfing xi
bfii vd BDG trong cflng vu. Didu niy rtiiim
bio dim CBCC vi cfing dfing xi hpi ung hp
cie sing kidn, eic quy dinh vd BDG, ttinli
sp thidn kidn cho ring cic quy dinh eua
phip lupt uu tidn nu gifii ttong cfing vu.

Thii siu, ning cao nhin thiic, ting
cuong tricb nttidm eiia ngirfli dung diu eo
quan, tfi ehiic ttong vide thue tudn chii
tnrong cila Ding vi chinh sich, pbip luit
cua Nha nufic vd BDG. Trdn co so chil
truong etiinh sicb, phip luit da dupe ban
hinh, cic nginh, cie cip v i timg ca quan
cin ep thd hfla eic mpe Udu ttong eic
ctiinh sicb, chuong ttinh, dp i n cflng tic,
dp in. Cic co quan tfi chile ein dd ra ehi
tidu phin diu cu the tfing ghdp ttong cie
nhidm vp, giii phip eiia co quan, dom vi
theo tiling tinh thin ciia De in thue hidn
bidn pbip bio dim BDG doi vfii nu CBCCVC giai doan 2016 - 2020n
Tii U(u tbam kbio:
1. Trin Thi Van Anh, Nguydn HQu Minh.
Bmh dinggidi d Wei Nam. H. NXB Khoa hgc Xi
hpi, 2008.
2. Bp Npi vu va Chuong trinh phit tridn Lien
hiep quoc. Bio do Binh dinggidi trong tuygn
dung vibd nliidm congchdcnu, 2013.
3.TranAnhTuSn. Vin dg binh dinggidi tiong
qui trinhtigpOfc di dch dig do cdng vg, cdng

chuc Tap chi Td chiic nhi nufie, sfi 8/20OB.
4. Ky ydu Hfii thio 'Ldng ghipvindg binh
ding ^di ttong Du an Luit Can bg, cdngchuc",
tai Tam Dao, VInh Phiic ngiy 17/5/2008.

TAP CHf Q U A N Lt NHA NUOc - S6 252 (1/2017)