Giá trị quan trong công việc khái niệm, kết cấu, ý nghĩa và triển vọng nghiên cứu

QOAN TRI KINH DOANH

GIA TR! QUAN TRONG CONG UIEC - KHAI NIEIYI, KET CAU,
V NGHIA UA TRIEN UONG NGHIEN COU
Li Thanh Titng
Maso: 275 | Ngay nhan bai: 20/05/2016 | Ngay hoan thanh bien tap: 15/06/2016 | Ngay duyet dang; 15/06/2016
Paper No. 275 | Date of receipt: 20/05/2016 ( Dateof revision: 15/06/2016 | Dateof approvah 15/06/2016
T o m tat

Gid tii quan tiong cdng viec, thudt ngU ndy tiong tieng Anh dugc ggi Id Work values hay
Occupational values, la mpt tiong nhiing ludn de cd gid tii nghien ciru tien the giai Men nay,
giao thoa giiea linh vuc tdm ly hgc, gido due ky ndng nghe nghiep vd qudn tii ngudn nhdn
luc, ddng thoi ciing ludn dugc cap nhgt ldm mdi theo tinh hinhphdt trien vd xu huang eita
xd hpi. Bdi bdo bdng su tdng hop, phdn tich lit cdc kit qud nghien ciiu cua cdc hgc gid nudc
ngodi di tiude, he thong lgi, dua ra nhiing dinh nghia ve khdi niem Gid tii quan tiong cong
viec, nhiing xu hudng kit cdu, ddng thdi chi ra y nghta vd gai ma tiien vgng nghien ciru linh
vuc gid tii quan tiong cdng viec.
Tvt khoa: Khdi niem Gid tii quan tiong cdng viec, kit cdu cua gid tii quan tiong cdng
viic, y nghta, tiien vgng nghien cieu
Abstract
Work values, or Occupational values, a appreciated thesis topic around the world now, is
the combination of psychology, occupation education and human resource management and
has been updated and refreshed in accordance with the developing social tiends. This article,
by associating and analyzing the preceeding studies of foreign scientists, aims to intioduce
the definition of work values and its components as well as to figure out its meanings and
open Ihe research prospect of this term.
Keywords: the definition of work values, the componments of work values, the meanings
and research prospect of work values
1. Dat van de
Gia fri quan la mdt frong nhung ddng lye
ndi tai anh hudng din hanh vi ctta ca till. Gia tii

quan frong cong viec tac dpng din moi ca nhan
frong cdng viec sinh nhai ttt viec lya chpn nghi
ngMep, ddng co Iam viec, cho din tmh frach
nhiem frong cpng viec, mtte dp tiimg tiianh vdi
td chttc va nMiu phuong dien khac... Gia fri
quan frong cdng viec khdng cM anh hudng din
hanh vi frong cdng viec ctta moi ca nhan, ma

cdn cd thg tac ddng tich cue cho doanh ngMep
^°^g Y^^'^ ^^ ''"^c muc tigu cMin lugc rapt
^^^ ^°^ ^ ° ^ ' "^^^^ '^°^Vao nhung nam 30 ctta till ky 20, gidi ly
luan phuong Tay da bit diu phat friln ngMen
cttu vl tam Iy hgc frong cdng viec. Nam 1987,
mdt nhdm ngMgn cttn vl y ngMa cdng viec
(MOW Mtemational Research Team) da dua
ra mdt nhan dinh: khi con ngudi hudng cong
viec frd tiianh tiimg tam ctta cudc sdng (work

' NCS. ThS, Chuyen nganh Quan trj Ngu6n nhan luc (HRM) Hpc vien Kinh ti va Quan ly - Tnicmg D?i hpc Vu Hdn,
Trung Quoc (Economics and Management School of Wuhan Univereity, 430072)
110

Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

S6 84108/20161


QUANTR! KINH DOANH

cenfrality) hay ndi each khac la cudc sdng xoay

quanh cdng viec, tM gia fri quan frong cdng
•viec frd thanh mdt van dl dang dugc quan tam
va dan frd thanh mdt dl tai ngMgn cttn ndng
frong 30 nam frd Iai day. Cd tiig thay rang,
day la mpt khai mem khdng mdi frgn thg gidi,
nhung chua dugc ggi tgn mdt each cu thg d
Viet Nam. Qua tim Mgu thdng qua nhiing cdng
cu tim kigm frgn mang Internet, va cac ngudn
thu vien ldn nhu Thu vien Qudc gia Ha Ndi,
thu vien tradng Dai hpc Ngoai thuang, thu
vien tradng Dai hpc Kinh tg Qudc dan va mdt
so tradng kinh tg khac dgu chua cd nhiing bai
ngMgn Cliu lign quan dgn khai mem nay. Trong
khuon khd bai bao, se digm lai lich stt ngMgn
cttu vg gia tii quan frong cdng viec ctta cac hpc
gia, nha ngMgn cttu nudc ngoai, gidi ban khai
niem gia tri quan frong cdng viec, phan tich kgt
cau ctta gia fri quan frong cdng viec, ddng thdi
ngu ra y ngMa nghign ciiu va ggi md nhiing
frign vpng ngMgn cttu vg linh vyc nay frong
tuang lai.
2. Tong quan cac khai niem ve gia tri
quan trong cong viec
NMgu hpc gia cd sy ly giai va dinh nghia
khac nhau vg gia fri quan frong cdng viec, cho
tdi nay van chua cd mdt dinh nghia thdng nhat
nhan dugc sy cdng nhan chung.
Nha Tam ly hpc ngudi My Super (1970)
cho rang gia tri quan frong cdng viec la nhttng
mong mudn ndi tai ctta ca nhan va nhung hanh

yi frong cdng viec nhim theo dudi nhiing tinh
chat cd thg dat dugc frong cdng viec.
Nha Tam ly hpc Elizur (1984) nhan dinh gia
tri quan frong cdng viec la su phan doan nhung
gia fri thu dugc ttt kgt qua ctta hanh vi frong
cdng •viec va hanh vi dd tai mdi tradng lam
viec. Gia fri quan frong cdng viec la mpt he tii
tudng ndi tai tryc tilp anh hudng din hanh vi.
S6 84 (08/2016)

Giao su Quan Iy hpc ndi tigng ngudi My
Stephen P. Robbins (1996) xem gia fri quan
frong cdng viec nhu mdt sy nhan thttc, xu
hudng va tigu cM frong cdng •viec.
Nha ngMgn cttn Robs (1999) cho rang gia
fri quan frong cdng viec la niem tin ctta mdi
con ngudi kM lam mdt cdng viec nao do se dat
dugc mdt kgt qua (vi du nhu thu nhap cao) hay
frang thai (vi du nhu dugc Iam viec frong mdi
tradng chuygn nghiep).
Nha ngMgn cttu Schwartz (1999) tM lai
cho rang gia tri quan frong cdng viec la muc
tigu hoac Ipi ich ma con ngudi mudn dat dugc
thong qua cong viec.
Tai Trung Qudc, nha nghign ciiu Yu Hua
(2000) nhan dinh gia fri quan frong cong viec
la thude do ndi tam ctta mdi ngudi phan doan
uu nhuge digm hay tinh quan frpng ctta mpt.
cdng viec, mdt nganh nghg; la mgm tui, la Ii
do, la sy lya chpn va theo dudi nhiing muc tigu

frong cdng viec ctta mdt ngudi ddi vdi mdt
nganh nghg, mpt viec lam.
Hai nha ngMgn cttu Jin Shenghua, Li Lei
(2005) nhan dinh gia tri quan frong cdng viec
la tigu chuan dg mdt ca nhan danh gia va lya
chpn nganh nghg, cdng •viec.
Tuy cd nMgu dinh ngMa khac nhau vg gia
tri quan frong cdng viec nhung cd thg quy nap
lai thanh 2 khuynh hudng. Mdt la nhm nhan
gia tri quan frong cdng viec dudi gde do dap
ttng nhung ki vpng ctta ca nhan frong cdng
viec; hai la djnh ngMa dudi gde dp mgm tin,
thai dp, sd tMch, dac trung tam Iy. (J gde dp
dau tign, gia fri quan frong cdng •viec tMgn vg
muc tigu dat dugc ma chua ngu lgn dugc ndi
ham ctta khai niem; cdn d goc dp thtt hai, lai
thign vg y ngMa tam ly hpc cua gia tri quan
frong cdng viec, chua lam rd dugc sy khac biet
Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

111


QUANTR! KINH OOANH

giua gia fri quan vdi thai dp, nigm tin va cac
khai mem lign quan.
Dttc kit, tong hgp ttt nhung nghign cttn ctta
nhung hpc gia trade day, theo quan digm ctta
ca nhan, de cd dugc mdt cai Mgu sau sac va

diy dtt vl giafriquan trong cdng viec, can phai
boc tach va lam rd thl nao la giafri,quan mem
vl gia fri, gia tri quan va cudi cttng la gia tri
quanfrongcdng viec.

the cd nhu ciu gi, tin khach thg frong mdi quan
he gia fri se cd kgt cau, thupc tinh tuong ttng,
dap ttng nhu cau ctta chtt thg, cd y ngMa tich
cyc ddi vdi sy phat frign ctta chtt the. Sy tac
ddng qua lai giua chtt - khach the nay tao ngn
mdi quan he gia fri.

Gia tri va Quan mem vg gia tri: Hoat dpng
ctta con ngudi ludn xoay quanh nhiing van dg
vg giafri,frongsy phan hdi khdng ngttng giua
thyc tign va nhan thuc tat ygu se Mnh thanh
Gia fri cd nguon goc ttt cudc sdng. Men
tugng gia fri phat sinh cttng vdi su phat trign nhung quan niem nhat dinh vg gia tri. Quan
ctta xa hpi Ioai ngudi. Di cttng vdi sy phat frign mem vg gia fri la sy danh gia phan anh gia tri
ctta van hoa nhan Ioai, cac gia fri ciing khdng thyc tg, la nhan thttc vg gia tri bang Mnh thuc
ngimg dugc gM nhan va xac lap. Mpt frong ly tinh. Gia tri va quan niem vg gia tri la hai
nhung diem khac biet co ban ctta con ngudi khai mem co ban frong ly Man vg gia tri, hai
vdi dpng vat la d chd con ngudi khdng ngttng khai mem tuy khac nhau nhung cd quan he mat
lgn kg hoach va dat ra cac muc tigu va phuong tMgt (mdi quan he phan anh vi bi phan anh). Sir
hudng cho cudc sdng cua minh. Ndi mpt each phan anh d day mang tinh chat danh gia ttt thai
khac, ban tinh ctta con ngudi ludn mudn tray dp, muc dich, nguyen vpng, dpng ca, ly tudng,
cau mdt sy ty do tuong ddi va thoat ly khdi long tm va nhiing phuang thttc bigu Men khac
nhung tinh hudng bi dpng. Dg hoan thanh cua con ngudi. Cd the ndi, quan mem vg gia tri
nhung muc tigu ctta cudc sdng, dat ra hai van la trung gian lign kgt giua ly luan va thyc tien,
dg: mdt la viec nay cu thg nhu thg nao, cd thg xac lap nhung nguyen tic co ban cho hanh vi

lam dugc khdng; hai la lam viec nay cd ich Igi ctta mdi chttng ta ndi chung.
gi va cd thl lam tdt hon dugc khdng? Dttng
Quan mem vl giafriva gia tri quan: Nhimg
frgn phuang dien triet hgc dl khai quat lai, tM quan mem vg gia tri mang titih cu thg, vi du
van dg dau tign thugc pham trtt nhan thttc su nhu: quan mem vg gia fri ctta mdi tradng doi
viec, va van dg sau thupc pham trtt nhan thttc vdi con ngudi, quan mem vg gia tii ciia vang,
giafri.Nhan thttc sy viec va nhan thttc gia fri quan mem vg gia tri ctta kim cuong,... Trong
CO mdi quan he ting thtt. Gia tii la mpt loai kM do, gia fri quan la he thdng nhiing quan
quan he dac biet giua chu thl va khach till, la diem, thai dp va cai nMn mdt each tdng thg va
khachtiigdugc chtt thg hda, gittp hoan tMen va
can ban vg giafriva mdi quan he giafri,va nam
phatfrignchtt thg. KM ngudi ta ndi mdt vat gi
frong y thttc he ctta con ngudi. Giafriquan ton
do cd gia tri, tiic la vat do httu dung dli vdi con
tai trong nhiing quan niem vg gia tri, bilu Men
ngudi, ndi mdt each khac la mdt sy vat nao dd
thdng qua nhung quan mem vg gia tri va la cot
dapttngdugc muc dich, nhu ciu hay y nguyen
ldi CO ban ctta nhiing quan mem vl gia tri. Bdi
ctta chtttiigmdi frd ngn cd giafrivafrdtiianh
vay, quan mem ve gia tri va gia tri quan la mli
khach thlfrongmli quan he gia fri. Giafricd
quan he giua cai cu thg va cai chung. Gia tti
ngudn goc tii cupc sdng, dl gia fri ra ddi nhit
q u ^ Mnh thanh frgn ca sd ctta nhung quan
tMgt phai CO 2 ben la chtt thl va khach thl. Chtt
mem vl gia fri, la sy tong kit tii thuc tien va
112

Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

QUANTR! KINH DOANH

mang y ngMa dinh hudng cho cac nhan thttc, ngMep. Bgn canh dd, viec nMgu Ctt nhan phai
hanh vi va quyet dinh ctta con ngudi vg sau. giau Bang Tdt ngMep Dai hgc dg xm viec tai
Qua nhirng Men tugng lap lai ttt thyc tg cudc nhung Khu Cdng ngMep da kMgn cho nhiing
song, con ngudi din din tich Itty su danh gia quan mem vg gia fri ctta tam bang Dai hpc da
va nang cao cai nhm tdng thl. Nhttng gM nhan bat dau cd sy thay ddi. Nhiing quan niem vg gia
cam tinh dugc frai ngMem, suy ngam va danh fri ctta bang Dai hpc thay ddi dan tdi tu tudng gia nMgu lan se hinh thanh nhirng nhan thttc vg gia tri quan ve viec hpc Dai hpc ciing thay ddi
gia tri, ttt dd tao ngn nhiing tang tang ldp ldp cac theo, he qua la nMgu ngudi chpn giai phap hgc
quan mem ve gia tri. Nhung quan mem vg gia dao tao nghg, khdng cdn bang mpi gia phai tM
tii dugcti'chluy, cd dpng, frai ngMem va khdng dugc vao Dai hgc nua.
ngimg chiing minh se san sinh ra lap frudng va
Qua day cd thg thay la nhflng quan mem vg
thai dp, Mnh thanh sy dn dinh frong xu hudng
gia
tri la co sd hinh thanh ngn gia tri quan. Gia
danh gia gia tri, gia tri muc tigu va theo dudi
tri
quan
la cai nhin tdng quan hay sy danh gia
gia tri muc tigu, dd cMnh la gia tri quan. Nhung
tong
quat
vg y ngMa, tam quan frgng ctta nhiing
hinh thttc bieu Men chu ygu ctta gia tri quan la
sy
vat
Men

tiigng khach quan xung quanh doi
nigm tin, ly tudng va tin ngudng. Gia tri quan
vdi
con
ngudi,
thg Men bdi nhiing nguygn tie
dugc hinh thanh se dinh hudng thdng nhat va
va
chuan
muc
ctta
con ngudi bd dg danh gia
xuygn sudt cho cac quan mem vg gia tri trade
day va sau nay, va frd thanh tu tudng co ban cd mdt sy vat Men tugng la tdt hay xau, cd gia tri
tinh cM phoi. Vi du nhu kM nudc ta giao due ra sao. Gia tri quan mgt kM dugc hinh thanh, se
chua pho cap nhu bay gid, quan mem vg gia tri mang tinh dn dinh tueng ddi, di vao lap tradng
ciia tam bang Dai hpc dugc danh gia cao, tam va thai dp, frd thanh dinh Mnh cho tu duy va
bang Dai hgc dugc nMgu ngudi xem nhu la khuynh hudng ctta hanh ddng. Ddi vdi mpt
con dudng duy nhat dg cd dugc mdt cong viec tap thg, mpt nhdm ngudi, gia fri quan cdn la ly
tot thu nhap cao, he qua la cac gia dinh bat kg tudng, mgm tm va try cot tinh than.
thanh tM hay ndng thdn, •vttng xau vttng xa dgu
Gia fri quan la bd phan cau thanh quan frpng
CO gang cho con em minh dugc hpc Dai hpc,
cac tiirdng Dai hpc cung ngay cang nMgu, dap ctta nhan sinh quan va thg gidi quan. Gia tri
ling nhu cau hpc Dai hpc va tdt ngMep co dugc quan, thg gidi quan, nhan suih quan khong phai
tam bang Ctt nhan. Nhung tai thdi digm Men la nhiing khai mem ngang hang, ma thg gidi
tai, qua phuong tign thdng tin bao dai va sd lieu quan va nhan sinh quan dgu bao ham frong do
thong kg theo Bd Lao ddng - Thuang binh va cd gia tri quan. Khdng tdn tai thg gidi quan hay
Xa hpi cong bd ngay 24/12/2015, ca nudc cd nhan sinh quan ma khdng cd gia tri quan. Cd
225500 ngudi cd trinh dp Dai hpc frd lgn dang thg Mgu mdi quan he giua gia fri - quan mem

tiiat ngMep, cMgm tdi 20% sd lao ddng that vg gia tri va gia tri quan qua md hinh dudi day:

Gia
tri

So 84 (08/2016)

dugc phan anh
)
bdi

Quan niem
v e gia tri

tong hgp
••

nang tam

G i a tri
quan

Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

113


QUANTR! KINH DOANH

Vay gia fri quan frong cdng viec la gi? Ttt

sy phantichvl giafriquan dfrgn,ta cd the rttt
ra mpt cai nhm rd rang hen vg khai mem nay,
dd la mdt he thing tam ly mang tinh dn dinh
can ctt cho viec phan doan gia tri (dung sai, tdt
xiu, y ngMa, tac dung,...) ctta ca nhan ddi vdi
cac vin dl lien quan (hanh vi, phuang thuc,
ki vpng, muctigu,ket qua dat dugc) phat smh
frong cong viec. Gia fri quan frong cdng viec
dan dit su danh gia va lua chpn ctta tiing ca
nhan dli vdi cac hanh vi, sy kien hgn quan dign
rafrongcdng viec va la ddng cotigmtang ctta
moi ngudi trong cdng viec (work preference).
Vi du nhu cd ngudi coi frpng tign luong, cd
ngudi coifrpngcong viec mang dgn cho hp sy
frai ngMem, lai cd ngudi mong mudn cd mpt
mdi tradng lam viec thoai mai. Hay la nam
gidi thudng xu hudng thich nhung viec Iam
cd thu nhap cao xuat phat ttt tu tudng la try
cot ctta gia dinh, nft gidi Iai ua nhiing viec lam
mang tinh dn dinh xuat phat ttt tam ly phai ygu
va mong cd cam giac an toan. Tat ca gpi chung
la gia tri quanfrongcong viec.
3. Ket cau ciia gia tri quan trong cong viec
Gia tri quan frong cdng viec la mpt khai
niem mang ham ngMa rdng va da cMgu, nghien
cttu vg kgt cau ctta giafriquanfrongcdng viec
se mang dgn mdt cai nhin cu thg hon va ciing
la mpt frong nhung hudng ngMgn cttu quan
frpngfrongIinh •vuc ngMgn cttu vg gia tri quan
frong cdng viec. Xuat phat ttt nhiing dinh ngMa

khac nhau vg gia tri quanfrongcdng viec, cac
nha ngMgn cttu dua ra cac xu hudng phan cMa
thanh cac ting Idp, phamfrttkhac nhau.
3.1. Nhi phdn
Nha ngMen cttu Herzberg phan gia tii quan
frong cpng viec thanh gia tii ndi tai va gia tii
ngoai tai. Quan digm nay cd tinh khai quat va
ttng dung cao, ggi md hudng di cho nhung
nghign cttu sau nay.
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Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

Nha ngMgn cttu Miller Iai phan gia tri quan
frong cdng •viec thanh 2 tang dien: chan gia tri
quan frong cdng •viec (infrinsic work values)
va ngoai gia tri quanfrongcdng viec (extrinsic
work values).
Hai nha ngMgn cttu Peterson va Roscoe lai
phan gia fri quanfrongcdng viec thanh 2 nhom:
gia tri tryctigpphan anh cdng viec va boat dpng
nganh nghi (work values that duectly reflect
work and career activity) va gia tri lign quan
mat tiult tdi ca nhan va nhung bign sd hoan
canh (work values more closely associated
with personal and situational variables).
3.2. Tam phan
Nhiing ngMgn cttn dau tign vg gia tri quan
frong cdng viec d phuong Tay la ctta nha tam ly
hpc ngudi My Super. Sau khi tdng kgt nhung tai

lieu vg gia tri quanfrongcdng viec vdi mtte do
hai Idng ddi vdi cdng viec, kgt hgp vdi nhiing
ngMgn cttn thuc chttng ctta ban than, dng da bien
tap mdt ban tdm tat vg nhiing gia tri quan frong
cdng vige (Work Values Inventory, WVI), loc
ra cac dg muc, khao ngMem thyc chttng, phan
tich nhan td. Sau kM thdng kg dugc 225 hang
muc khuynh hudngfrongviec chgn cdng viec,
tiep tiic hgp ghep va tinh giam cdn 45 hang
muc, cMa thanh 15 nhdm, bao gdm: Iam viec
vi cdng ddng va lgi ich chung (altruism), tinh
ddc lap frong cdng viec (independence), tinh
tham my (esthetics), tinh sang tao (creativity),
phong each sdng (way of life), phat huy tri
tue (mtellectual stimulation), tinh linh hoat
(variety), thanh tyu (acMevement), sy an toan
(security), uy tin (prestige), thtt lao (economic
retums), quygn quan ly (management), moi
tindng Iam viec (surroundmgs), quan he voi
cip frgn (supervisory relations), quan he voi
dong ngMep (associates). Ttt nhung ngMen
cttn tiiuc chttng ctta mmh, dng phan gia tri
quanfrongcdng •viectiianh:gia hi nhan dugc


QOAN TR! KINH DOANH

ttt bgn frong (infrinsic rewards); gia tri thtt Iao
tii bgn ngoai (extrinsic rewards); gia tri di kem
tu bgn ngoai (extrinsic concomitants). Cach

phan cMa nay cd tim anh hudng rat ldn cho
cac ngMgn cttn ve sau.
Nha ngMgn cttu Wollack Iai phan cMa cac
gia tri quan frong cdng viec thanh 3 nhdm la:
gia tri quan ndi tai, gia tri quan ngoai tai va gia
fri quan hon hgp.
Nha ngMgn cttu Alderfer dya frgn co sd ttt 2
each phan cMa frgn, dg xuat ra mdt each phan
loai khac toan dien hon, dd la chia gia tri quan
frong cdng viec thanh 3 nhdm: gia tri ndi tai,
gia tii ngoai tai va gia tri xa hgi.
Nha ngMgn cttu Elizur dttng fren goc dp
khac, lai phan gia tri quan frong cdng viec
tiianh tam ly, nhan thttc va phuang tien.

Cd the thay la, kgt cau ctta gia fri quan frong
cong viec cd nMgu each phan Ioai khac nhau.
Trgn day cM la sy tdng kgt lai cac each phan
loai phan nhdm ctta ngudi di trade. Va day
cttng la mpt dg tai dang dg ngMgn cttu. Tim
dugc nhiing nhan td cau thanb ngn gia fri quan
frong cdng viec ctta mdt ngudi, mpt nhdm
ngudi, mdt thg he, frong cac Iinh vyc, nganh
nghg va dac thtt cdng viec khac nhau... xay
dyng dugc kgt cau se cho ta mdt cai nhm tdng
quan vg gia tri quan frong cdng viec, cd y ngMa
nhat dinh ddi vdi mdi ngudi frong viec ty digu
cMnh ban than, nha ngMgn cttu - giao due, cac
don vi tuygn dung va nha quan ly. Digu nay se
dugc ndi cu thg hon d nhirng phin tigp theo.

4. Nghien cun tinh chat ket cau cua gia tri
quan trong cong viec trong boi canh nghien
cuu Viet Nam

Tiiphan
Nha ngMgn cttu Surkis ttt ca sd nhiing ngMgn
cuutiiycchttng phan cMa gia tii quanfrongcdng
viec thanh 4 gde dp: gia tri ndi tai, gia tii ngoai
tai, gia tri xa hdi, khing dinh ban than.
Nha ngMgn cttu Rone thdng qua viec
ngMgn cttu da van hda gia tri quan frong cdng
viec d 7 qudc gia khac nhau, nhm nhan gia tri
quan frong cdng viec dudi 2 goc dp: ca nhan
va tap thg, vat chat va tinh thin, dl roi tii 2
g6c dp frgn phan ra lam 4 nhdm gia fri: liy ca
nhan la trung tam, tiieo dudi nhung gia tri nhan
van; lay tap thg lam trang tam, theo dull nhung
gia tii nhan van; lay ca nhan Iam trung tam,
tiieo dudi nhung gia fri vat chit; lay tap thl lam
tiimg tam, theo dudi nhung gia tri vat chit. 4
nhom gia tri nay cd su tuong ttng vdi 4 nhdm
gia tri ma Surkis dua ra la ndi tai, xa hpi, khing
dinh ban than, va ngoai tai.
Nha ngMgn cttu Johnson Iai cMa gia tii
quan frong cdng viec dudi 4 goc dp: ndi tai,
ngoai tai, vi lgi ich chung va xa hpi.
So 84 (08/2016)

Bai ngMgn cim thdng qua khao sat dudi
Mnh thttc pMgu digu fra dugc phat thdng

qua dua tryc tigp va gtti cau hdi digu fra frgn
phuang tien mang mtemet frgn cac cdng ddng
tim viec lam, tign hanh thu thap nhung quan
digm vg dac digm kgt cau ctta gia fri quan frong
cdng viec, sau dd tign hanh phan loai, nham
md ra mdt cai nMn tdng quan vg kgt cau gia tri
quan teong cdng viec frong mdt bd phan ngudi
Viet Nam.
4.1. Phuang phdp nghiin citu
4.1.1. Chgn mdu nghien cuu
Trong khudn khd bai ngMgn cttn nay, tac
gia da lya chgn tdng cdng 985 ddi tugng la
ngudi dang frong dp tudi lao ddng ttt 18 tudi
frd lgn frgn dia ban Ha Npi, thanh phd Hd
CM Mmh va mdt vai thanh phd khac. Thdng
qua hinh thttc phdng van tryc tigp phat pMgu
digu fra 50 ban, va thdng qua mang intemet
phat pMgu digu fra dien tii frgn cac nhdm, dien
dan ve viec Iam va cac td chttc, cdng ty dang
Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

115


QUAHTR! KINH DOANH

hoat ddng, thu vl dugc 140 ban tra ldi, tiiuc
tl tiiu vl ting cpng 190 kgt qua. Sau kM loai
bo nhiing kit qua phan trdng nMgu, ndi dung
khdng chit lugng, cudi cttng chpn ra dugc 183

ban dilu fra cd gia fri (cMem 96,32% kit qua
thu vl). Trong so dd, nhung ngudi dugc Iam
dilu fra CO gidi tinh nam la 98 ngudi (cMem
53,55%); gidi tinh nft chigm 85 ngudi (cMgm
46,45%); dp tuoi trung binh la 26 tudi; sd nam
lam viec trung binh la 4 nam; 5,65%) sd ngudi
cd frinh dp hpc van tdt ngMep cap 3 qua dao
tao nghg rdi di lam; 68,75% sd ngudi cd frinh
dp dai hpc va cao dang; sd ngudi cd trinh dp
thac sy frd lgn cMgm 25,60%); phan bd frong
cac khu •vyc doanh ngMep nudc ngoai, doanh
ngMep tu nhan, doanh ngMep va co quan nha
nudc lin lugt la 18,48%, 25,87% va 55,65%.
4.1.2. Qud tiinh nghien cieu
Dg higu rd dugc khai mem gia fri quan
trong cong viec va xay dung mdt bg khung kgt
cau gia fri quan trong cdng viec dign hinh ctta
ngudi Viet, gittp cho ngudi dugc phong van
cd thg Mnh dung va dua ra nhiing cau fra ldi
phtt hgp, cd y ngMa, phuc vy muc tigu ctta bai
ngMgn cttu, tac gia da tign hanh tMit kl pMlu
digu fra nhu sau:
Thtt nhat, dua ra dinh nghia ca ban nhit vl
gia fri quan frong cong viec, do la nhiing quan
niem vg nhu cau frong cdng viec, dpng co Iam
viec, nhttng theo dudi ctta mdt ngudi frong
nganh nghe cdng viec ctta hg.
Thtt hai, lam ro van dg cin dilu fra vl dac
trung ctta gia tri quan frong cdng viec bing
each dat ra nhung cau hdi md dl ngudi dugc

digu fra cd thg ty do ndi ra suy nghT ctta minh,
VI du nhu: ban mong mudn dilu gi frong cdng
viec; cdng viec Men tai tin tai nhung dilu gi
kMgn ban cam thiy khdng thoai mai; nhung
muc tigu theo dudi ctta ban frong cdng viec;...

lie

Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

U'dc tinh thdi gian hoan thanh mdt pMgu dieu
fra la ttt 10 dgn 20 phttt.
Sau kM thu thap pMgu dieu fra, tign hanh
xtt ly, phan tich cac kgt qua thu dugc nhu sau:
diu tien, tinh gian thdng tin nguyen goc thanh
tiing dg muc, tign hanh chgn ra cac dg muc va
xay dyng bang ma. Sau do, hgp nhat nhung de
muc cd y ngMa nhu nhau hoac gan gidng nhau,
vi du nhu thu nhap cao vdi tign Iuong nMeu,
ghi Iai tan suat xuat Men ctta nhiing hang muc
trttng lap, Ioai bd nhung de muc ngi dung mo
hd, khdng lign quan dgn van dg ngMgn cttu.
Tigp dd, tign hanh quy loai cac de muc sau khi
hgp nhat, tmh giam. Cudi cttng, tign hanh xac
nhan lai ket qua da quy loai bang phuong phap
dinh lugng.
4.2. Kit qua nghiin ctiu
4.2.1. Lua chgn de muc
Ddi vdi 183 phigu digu fra cd gia tri tit
nhiing chtt the digu tra cd nganh nghg, kinh

ngMem Iam viec, trinh dp hgc van khac nhau,
rut ra so bd dugc 1114 dg muc. Trong cac de
muc so bd dugc rttt ra, cd nhiing dg muc lai
ham chua nMgu ndi dung nhd, ciing co nhftng
dg muc chtta nhiing thdng tm khong cd gia
fri, tac gia tham khao y kign ctta cac giao vien
hudng dan da timg ngMgn cttu dg tai nay tai
tradng dang theo hpc, dg bign tap lai theo cac
tigu cM nhu sau:
(1) Giu lai nhiing de muc cd thdng tin ro
rang, cd gia fri, vi du nhu: "viec Iam co nhu
nhap cao", "mdi tradng Iam viec thoai mai",
"cd CO hgi thang tign",... ; cd thg frau chuot lai
ttt ngu cho ban Iam, nhung khdng dugc lam sai
lech di y kign ctta ngudi dugc digu fra;
(2) Phan tach nhung dg muc bao gdm nMgu
y nhd, vi du nhu: "viec nhe gan nha, can bing
gitta cudc sing va cdng viec" se cMa ra thanh:


QUANTR! KINH DOANH

"cong viec nhe nhang", "noi lam viec gan nha",
"can bang gifta cudc song va cdng viec";

frong cdng •viec" hgp thanh "cd hudng phat
trign frong tuong lai"

(3) True tigp loai bd nhiing de muc xa rdi
vdi noi ham gia tri quan frong cdng viec hoac

CO npi dung khdng frong sang, vi du: "tim muc
dich ctta cudc sdng", "tim ngudi ygu", "ngam
cac ban nu xinh dep",...;

Dya vao nhung nguygn tac d fren, bai ngMen
cttu da loai bd 48 de muc khdng phtt hgp frong
1114 dg muc so bd, phan tach thgm 60 dg muc,
tdng cpng cd 1126 dg muc don nhat, y ngMa rd
rang va cd gia tri. Trich ra ttt kgt qua tai bang 1.

4.2.2 Kit hgp vd tinh gidm
(4) Hgp nhat nhftng dg muc cd npi dung
tuong ddng, vi du nhu: "cd hudng phat trien
Sau khi bign tap ra dugc 1126 dg muc, tac
frong tuong lai" vdi "tuong lai cd the phat trign gia tien hanh kgt hgp nhiing dg muc cd npi ham
Bang 1: Trich dan qua trinh phat phieu dieu tra va tong hpp cac de muc
Thu
tu

Bang
ma

De muc sau khi bien tap

Bang
ma

De muc ban dau

PMgu

digu
fra
1

1

Cham cM lam viec nhan dugc dai
ngd tuang duong
Cdng bang ddi vdi nhan •vign
Khdng ngimg tign bd
Cd sy hgp tac cao frong cdng viec
Noi lam viec thoai mai
Mdi tradng lam viec chuygn ngMep
Cd CO hdi phat trign frong tuong
Iai
Thdi gian Iam •viec va ngM ngoi
ro rang

1

Cham cM lam viec nhan dugc dai
ngd tuong duong
Cd sy cong bang ddi vdi nhan
vign
Khdng ngttng tign bg, cd su hgp
tac cao frong cong viec (phan Iam
2 dg muc nhd)
Noi Iam viec thoai mai, mdi
tradng lam viec chuygn ngMep
(phan Iam 2 dg muc nhd)

Cd CO hdi phat trign frong tucmg
Iai
Lam ra lam, ngM ra ngM

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

2
3

4

5
6

PMlu
digu
fra
2

9
10
11
12
13

14
15
16
17
18

S6 84 (08/2016)

Cdng viec nhe nhang
Tign Iuong cao
Noi lam viec gan nha
Thang chttc
TSng luong
Lam cho tap doan ldn
Thg Men ban than
Sang tao ra gia tri
Cdng viec dn dinh
Cd CO hoi cdng tac nudc ngoai

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Viec nhe, luong cao, gan nha
(phan tach va frau chudt ttt ngtt)
Hy vgng dugc thang chttc, tang

luong
Mong mudn dugc lam d mpt tap
doan ldn
Thg Men dugc ban than
Sang tao ra gia fri
Cdng viec dn dinh
Dugc di nudc ngoai

Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

117


QUANTR! KINH DOANH

tuong ddng. Diu tign, ddi vdi nhung dg muc
hoan toan tuong ddng vl y ngMa se dugc kgt
hgp va gM lai sd lin lap Iai (tin suit xuit Men).
Sau budc nay, tiiu gpn dugc cdn 567 dl muc.

Tiep do, tign hanh hgp nhit cac dg myc Ian 2,
tiiu ggn tigp cdn 115 dl mue, dam bao khdng co
2 dl muc nao cd ngi dung tuong duong nhau.
Cudi cttng, Ioai bd nhung dg muc cd ndi dung

Bang 2: Sau 2 lan hpp nhat va tinh giam, thu dugc con Iai 42 de muc
lien quan den gia tri quan trong cong viec.
Ma D I muc sau khi tinh giam va hpp nhat
1
2

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
118

Mdi trudng Iam viec thoai mai
He thing Iuong, thudng tdt
Thg Mgn duoc ban than
No Iyc Iam viec va nhan dugc sy danh gia xung dang
Cdng viec khdng nham chan
Cong viec va cudc sdng can bang
Cdng viec cd nhigu nigm •vui
Dugc ttng dung nhiing kign thttc dugc hgc ap dung vao trong cdng viec
Tich luy kinh nghiem lam viec
Xay dyng dugc cac mdi quan he chat lugng
Tang Iuong dgu
Dugc cap trgn quan tam, cat nhac
Canh tranh cdng bang
Mdi tradng Iam viec nhdm thoai mai
Cd kha nang phat trign trong tuong lai
Nganh nghg lam viec cd trign vpng tdt
Cdng viec phtt hgp vdi sd thich va dam mg ctta ban than
Mdi tradng tdt dg phat triln ban than
Theo dudi lgi ich tdi da hda trong cdng viec
Dugc frao ddi, chia se frong cong viec
Tu do trong cdng viec, khdng bi gd bd thttc ep
Phat huy sd trudng ctta ban than
Dugc thoai mai ndi Ign nhung quan dilm khac nhau
Ap dung nhung phuong phap mdi frong cdng vige
Cd Idfrinhthang tign rd rang
Phat huy dugc su chtt ddng ctta ban than
Khdng phai ganh vac qua nhilu trach nhigm
Cap trgn bitdi di gan gui
Cong viec mang tirtii sang tao
Dugc chtt dpng ve mat thdi gian trong cdng vige

Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

Tan suat
xuat hien
62
90
15
25
31
53
55
5
7
5
31
7
21
18
31
8
56
53
22
6
31
9
5
22
17
5

6
23
15
5
Kn HA

/n,Oflt\i£\


QUANTR! KINH DOANH

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

Cdng viec cd tinh thtt thach cao
Cd co chg dai ngd tdt
Cd sy hgp tac tich cyc giua cac phdng ban, hdi itiidm
Ca tinh hda cdng viec
Cdng viec dem Iai gia fri cao cho cdng ddng, xa hdi
Dugc md rdng hilu bilt

Cd quygn lye
Kgt qua lam viec dugc ghi nhan
Ddc l^p suy nghT
Tdn trpng ca tinh
Lam cho cdng ty, tap doan ldn
Thanh tyu trong cdng viec

21
46
5
6
62
7
9
8
5
6
5
11

khong cu the, ham ngMa khdng ro rang, khdng va mdi quan he ctta tttng Ioai. Sau kM cdng bd
lien quan dgn gia fri quan frong linh vyc cdng vafrmhbay vg ket qua, frong cac each quy Ioai
viec, thu vg dugc 42 dg muc sau.
ctta 3 ngudi, cd nhung loai tuong ddng, va cd
nhung
loai khdng tueng ddng. Ca 3 Iai tigp tuc
4.2.3. Quy logi de muc vd ddt ten
suy ngM vg nhung Ioai khdng tuong ddng gifta
Sau kM hgp nhat va tinh giam thu dugc 42 dg kgt qua ctta minh va ciia 2 ngudi cdn Iai, sau
muc lign quan dgn gia tri quanfrongcdng •viec do tigp tucfranhbien, ngu ra nhung quan digm

dac thtt ctta bai ngMgn cttu tigp tuc vdi cdng bao ve each quy loai ctta minh va thong nhat
viec quy loai cac dg muc va dat tgn. Budc Iam
each quy loai cudi cttng va tgn gpi cho timg
nay chtt ygu dua theo each Iam ctta Farh, Zhong,
loai. Vdi nhiing dg muc ma ca 3 ngudi khdng
Organ (2004). Nguygn tac quy loai nhu sau:
thdng nhat dugc each quy loai se khdng dua
(1) Mdi dg muc chi dugc quy vao 1 Ioai;
vao loai nao.
(2) Khdng ban chg sd lugng dg muc frong
Sau qua frinh ngMgn cttu va xtt ly kgt qua
1 loai;
nhufrgn,42 dg muc vg gia tri quanfrongcdng
(3) Nhung dg muc khdng quy Ioai dugc frd viec ctta ngudi Viet Nam Men nay dugc phan
thanh 5 Ioai. Trong dd cd 16 dg muc ma 3 ngudi
tiianh 1 Ioairigngbiet.
hoan toan khdng ddng thuan vdi cac each quy
Dg kgt qua dugc khach quan, tac gia mdi
thgm 3 ban sinh vign tdt ngMep chuygn nganh loai ctta nhau sau kM da franh Iuan bao ve va
Quan fri ngudn nhan luc khda 49 tradng Dai dugc Ioai ra ngoai.
hpc Ngoai thuong tham gia vao cdng tac quy
Cuoi cttng rttt ra dugc 5 Ioai: mong mudn
loai. Sau khi dugc phd bign nhung khai niem, chtt quan, quan he xa hdi, phat trign Iau dai,
kign thttc vg gia fri quanfrongcong viec dugc tray cau lgi ich, theo dudi sang tao.
nhac tdi d nhting phanfrgn,3 ban sinh vign ty
4.2.4. Xdc nhgn lgi quy logi
minh phan loai mpt each dpc lap 42 dl muc
lign quan dgn gia tri quanfrongcdng viec, sau
Dg kigmfradp tin cay ctta kgt qua quy loai,
dd bao cao va cMa se lai kgt qua, giai tMch tgn tac gia mdi thgm 3 ban dang hpc thac sy MBA

So 84 (08/2016)

Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

119


QUANTR! KINH DOANH

chia 42 dl muc lai vao tilng Ioai frong 5 loai
dugc rut ra d trgn. Budc lam nay tham khao
theo each lam cua ScMiesheim, Hmkin (1990)
van dung phuang phap dinh lugng dg kiem fra
dp tin cay ctta kit qua. Nguygn tic lam ciing
giong nhu each quy loai dg muc, moi dg muc
chi dugc quy vao mdt loai, nhung de muc nao
khdng quy loai dugc tM dg ra ngoai. Kgt qua
cho thay:

Qua nghign cttn d fren, ta thu dugc 5 nhan
to ciu thanh kit cau gia tri quan frong cong
viec ctta mpt bd phan ngudi Viet Nam, bao
gdm: Igi ich thtt lao, sd thich ndi tai, quan
he hai hda, phat trien lau dai, theo duoi sang
tao. Ngi ham ctta tttng nhan td dugc giai tMch
nhu sau:

Lgi ich thtt lao: chi viec ngudi lao ddng chii
frpng dgn lgi ich vat chat, ky vgng nhan dugc
(1) Co 31 dl muc (cMlm 73,81%) la hoan sy tra cdng xttng dang cho stte Iao ddng minh

toan gilng vdi each phan loai dfrgn,frongdo bd ra. Viec hp quan tam dgn Igi ich thtt Iao the
cd 19 dl muc cMa vao 5 loai gidng kgt qua trade Men d nhung dac diem nhu: mudn noi mmh
va 12 dl muc nam frong danh sach khdng thg lam viec cd he thdng Iuong - thudng tdt, dupc
tang lueng dgu, xem frpng cdng stte bd ra va
phan loai;
Meu qua thu vg (theo dudi Igi ich toi da hoa
(2) Cd 7 dl muc (cMgm 16,66%) la cM cd 2 trong cdng viec)...
^
ngudi gidng nhau vg each phan Ioai;
Sd thich ndi tai: chi nhan thttc va y tMch
(3) Co 4 de myc (cMlm 9,52%) la ca 3 bgn trong mdi ca nhan ddi vdi dac trung va
ngudi dgu khac nhau ve each phan loai.
npi dung ctta ban than cdng viec, thg hien
Sau khi phan chia cac dg muc vao cac nhdm rd quan digm, mudn lam viec dugc tot va
phan loai xong, 3 ngudi tien hanh thao Man ve gan bd lau dai vdi cdng viec, can phai ygu
12 dg muc khdng phan loai dugc va 4 dg muc thich cdng viec. Chang ban nhu: cdng viec
ca 3 khac nhau vg each phan Ioai. Ket qua cudi phtt hgp vdi sd thich ctta ban than, cdng viec
cimg, ca 3 van khdng thdng nhat dugc viec quy cd nhigu nigm vui. Digu day cho thay rang,
cac dg muc nay thanh mgt nhom mdi, ngn Ioai ngudi lao dpng Men nay, ngoai viec chu y
bo. Cdn lai 19 + 7 = 26 (dg muc) quy vao 5 loai dgn lgi ich thtt lao, cdn rat quan tam den
viec cong viec dem lai cho hp y ngMa gi, lpi
nhu kgt qua quy loai d frgn.
ich xa hgi ra sao. Ttt dd, ciing khat khe hon
Kgt hgp ca hai qua frinh quy loai xudi trong viec lya chgn cdng viec phtt hgp vdi y
nghich, 42 dg muc dugc quy vao 5 loai, trong nguyen va sd thich.
do dgu CO 16 dg muc la khong quy vao loai nao
Quan he hai hda: thg Men d viec ngudi lao
hoac khdng thdng nhat dugc each quy loai, cd
ddng
mudn mdt mdi tradng Iam viec thoai mai,

thg thay kgt qua cd dp tin cay chip nhan dugc.
cac ban - nhdmfrongcdng ty phdi hgp vdi nhau
Sau kM Ioai bd 16 hang muc khdng quy vao an y, lanh dao capfrenquan tam den nhan vign.
loai nao dugc, ta thu dugc 5 Ioai, 26 dl myc Sau mdt thdi gian lam viec, md rdng dugc cac
cho bang kgt cau co ban ctta giafriquan trong mli quan he chat lugng, phuc vu nhung muc
cong viec ctta mdt bd phan ngudi Viet Nam.
tigu xa honfrongIdfrinhsy ngMep.
4.2.5. Phdn tich npi hdm kit cdu gid tii
Phat friln lau dai: cM ra dac dilm cua
quantiongcdng viec cita mpt bp phdn nguai ngudi lao dpng coi frpng sy nghigp, vdi cdng
Viet Nam
viec In dinh, lau dai va cd tign do phat friln.
120

Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

Sn S4 /no/-ini<:v


QUANTR! KINH DOANH

Digu nay thg Men ngay d viec mudn dugc lam
cho nhung tap doan ldn, td chttc uy tin, dg cd
tiig dam bao cd dugc mgt noi lam viec dtt ldn
du tim, dtt vflng chic dl gin bd Iau dai. Tigp
tiieo dd la nhiing mong mudn cdng viec cd kha
nang phat trign trong tuong lai, td chttc cd lp
frinh thang tign rd rang dg bigt dugc dudng
hudng phan dau.
Theo dudi sang tao: day la mdt trong

nhung dac frung rd ret frong gia tri quan
trong cong viec ctta ngudi Iao ddng trong
thdi dai nay. BQii xa hpi Men dai tien nghi
han, cdng nghe phat trign, con ngudi ta Iam
viec khong chi dg sinh nhai, ma cdn dg hudng
thu cupc sdng. Ngudi lao dpng mong mdt
cupc sdng da dang, mdi me, khdng thich su
te nhat don dieu trong cdng viec, nang luc
tiep thu nhung kign thttc mdi me la rat cao.
Dac biet la nhiing sinh vien mdi ra trudng,
mong muon dugc khang dinh ban than san
sang nhan nhirng cdng viec cd tinh thtt thach
cao va mong mudn ap dung nhiing each lam
mdi, phuong phap mdi vao cdng viec, nang
cao hieu qua lam viec.
4.2.6. Ddnh gid kit qud nghien cieu
Qua sy trinh bay qua trinh nghien cun
kgt cau gia tri quan trong cdng viec ctta mgt
bp phan ngudi Viet Nam d trgn, ban than
tac gia nhan thay da tuan thtt va trign khai
timg budc nghign cttn mach lac, ro rang, stt
dung phuang phap dinh lugng dg kigm tra
dp tin cay ctta kgt qua. Bdi vay, kgt qua cudi
cung thu dugc, trgn phuong dien ly luan hay
nghign cttu dinh tinh va kigm tra dinh lugng
dgu cd do tin cay cao. Trong khuon khd mdt
bai nghign ciiu nhd, cd thg chua thyc sy
toan dien, nhung cung mpt phan nao dd md
ra mpt cai nhin tdng quan vg kgt ciu gia tri
quan trong cdng viec ctta mpt bp phan ngudi

Vigt Nam.
So 84 (08/2016)

5. Y nghia ciia •viec nghien cihi gia tri
quan trong cong viec
Viec nghign cttu gia fri quan frong cdng
viec dem lai nhirng y ngMa nhat dinh ddi vdi
ca 2 phia: ca nhan - ngudi tim viec / nhan vign
va td chttc - nha tuygn dung / nha quan ly.
5.1. Y nghia cUa gid tri quan trong cong
viec ddi v&i mdi cd nhan, ngu&i tim viic, cdng
nhan vien
Nhan thttc dugc tam quan frgng ctta gia fri
quan frong cdng viec, ttt dd tim Mgu nhiing
nhan td anh hudng dgn gia fri quan frong cdng
viec ctta timg ca nhan vi du nhu chenh lech tudi
tac, nhan each dao due, ap lye cdng viec, cdng
tac quan ly, hoan canh gia dinh, mdi tradng ldn
len va sinh sdng, tam ly, dp chin frong cdng
viec,... se giup cho mdi ca nhan Meu dugc ban
than, lya chpn nhiing nganh nghg phtt hgp vdi
suy ngM, mong mudn, nguyen vpng va nang
lye. tinh each ctta minh; ty digu cMnh gia tri
quan trong cdng viec ctta minh sao cho phtt
hgp vdi ygu cau cong viec, tMch ngM vdi moi
tradng lam •viec, dua muc tigu rigng ctta ca
nhan hai hda vdi myc tigu chung ctta td chttc,
tu dd nang cao Meu suat lam viec, dat dugc
nhung thanh tyu frong cdng viec.
5.2. Y nghia cda gid tri quan trong cong

viee doi v&i td chitc, nhd tuyen dung, nhd
qudn ly
Mdt td chttc mudn cac thanh vign frong dpi
cua minh ddc hoan toan tam stte vao frong cdng
viec, ludn ludn tich cyc, phat huy hgt tigm nang,
nang cao nang suat lao dpng tM can phai Mgu
va hai hda dugc gia fri quan frong cdng viec
ctta cac ca nhan frong tap thg. (J cMgu ngugc
Iai, neu mdt ca nhan Meu qua frong cong viec
di xudng, khdng phai do ygu td nang lye kem
di, tM nguyen nhan cd thg nam d gia tri quan
frong cdng viec ctta ngudi nay dang gap vin dl
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d mdt kMa canh nao dd. Nhan tiittc dugc digu
frgn, ttt dd gittp cho gia dinh, nha tradng, nha
tuyin dung cd thl cd nhttng phuang phap tac
ddng nhim giao due, dinh hudng, nang cao gia
tri quan frong cong viec ctta ngudi Iao dgng,
dao tao ra ngudn nhan Iyc cd chat lugng cao.
Neu nhu frong td chttc A nhan vien d dp
tudi 25 30 tMch mdt mdi tradng Iam viec
fre trung nang ddng sang tao, cdn d td chttc B
nhan vign lai co dp tuoi trang binh la 35 mong
mudn mdi tiirdng lam viec mang tinh ky luat

cao, cong viec dugc phan cdng rd rang, hai td
chttc vdi nhiing ca nhan cd nhung gia fri quan
frong cong viec khac nhau se dan tdi phuong
thttc, hanh vi va mo hinh quan ly ctta td chttc
cung phai tMgt kg sao cho phtt hgp. Tim Mgu,
ngMgn ciru vg gia fri quan frong cdng viec ctta
cac thanh vign hay nhdm ngudi (vi du nhu thg
he 7x, 8x, 9x,...) se gittp td chttc lya chpn dugc
phuang thttc va md Mnh quan ly tMch hgp dl
hai hda dugc gia tri quan frong cdng viec gifta
nha quan ly va nhan vign ttt do, dat dugc muc
tigu chung ctta td chttc.
NgMgn cttu va higu vg gia fri quan frong
cong viec con gittp ly giai va du bao dugc tinh
each, bigu Men, hanh vi ctta ngudi nhan vign
frong moi tradng lam viec va anh hudng ctta
nd tdi Meu suat lao ddng, thai dp lam viec,
khuynh hudng nganh nghg, viec chgn nghi,
phat frign sy ngMep, ddn stte cho cdng viec,
dot pha frong cdng viec, quan ly va khich le
nhan vign, tmh frang nhay viec, muc do hai
long frong cong viec, tuih tich cyc frong cdng
viec, gan bd lau dai vdi to chttc, cam hirng
frong cong viec, dugc frpng dung, phong each
quan ly lanh dao, chinh sach nguln nhan lye,
sy tMch nghi vdi cong viec,...
6. Trien vpng nghien cuu
Nhu da ndi d frgn, gia tri quan frong cdng
viec la nhung ky vpng ctta con ngudi mong
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mudn dat dugc frong cdng viec, la mdt frong
nhimg ddng Iuc ndi tai anb hudng dgn hanh
vi ctta mdt ngudi frong cdng viec, la thude do
- khuynh hudng cho nhiing chuan myc frong
cdng viec, anh hudng fryc tigp dgn nhting suy
nghT va quy tac img xtt frong cdng viec cua
mdt ngudi. Higu dugc tam quan frpng ctta gia
tri quan frong cdng viec, ggi md cho ta nhftng
frign vgng nghign cttn vg van dg nay frong
tuong Iai.
(1) NgMgn cttu vg gia tri quan frong cong
•viec cua sinh vign thdi dai mdi. Gia tri quan
frong cdng viec ctta sinh vien dai hgc hay
nhung ngudi cdn dang hpc kign thttc ma chua
tigp xttc nMgu vdi cdng viec cMnh quy ddi khi
cM dimg Iai d nhung ky vpng frong cdng viec,
chua nhan thttc dugc day dtt cdng •viec nay doi
hdi digu gi va kha nang ctta ban than din dau,
hudng hoan tMen ra sao. Sau kM budc vao xa
hdi, chinh thttc di lam, dam duong nMem vu,
kmh qua nhung boat ddng thyc tien, gia tri
quan frong cdng viec ctta hp thay ddi nhu thl
nao, cd khac biet gi so vdi nhung nhan vign lau
nam khac. Van dg nay ciing dang dugc di sau
tim Mgu.
<
(2) NgMgn cttn cac nhan t l anh hudng din

gia fri quan frong cdng viec, ttt dd dua ra dinh ,
hudng cho mdi ca nhan frong viec digu chinh
suy ngM va hanh vi ctta ban than cho phu hgp
vdi cdng viec va hoan canh.
(3) Bd sung nhiing ngMgn cttn thyc chttng,
ching ban nhu anh hudng ctta gia tri quan
frong cdng viec tdi hieu suat Iao ddng, gia tri
quan frong cdng viec va anh hudng ctta nd tdi
viec lya chpn nganh nghg, gia fri quan frong
cdng viec ctta sinh vign thdi dai mdi tac dpng
tdi cMnh sach tuygn chpn nguon nhan lye cua
doanh ngMep... ttt dd dg xuat nhung giai phap
cho to chttc, doanh ngMep frong md hinh quan
ly, each tiittc Iam viec sao cho phtt hgp, tuyin


QUANTR! KINH DOANH

dugc ngudn nhan sy tit, hgp vdi muc tigu
chung, gin bd lau dai.
(4) Toan can hda la xu thl chung ctta thg
gidi va Viet Nam cung khdng nim ngoai quy
luat. Dac biet la sau khi trd thanh thanh vien
chinh thttc ctta Td chttc kinh tg the gidi WTO
vao nam 2006 va gan day nhat la Hiep dinh
Doi tac xuygn Thai Binh Duong (TPP) vtta
qua da md ra thdi ky hdi nhap sau va rpng ctta
nudc ta trgn trudng qudc tg. Cac cdng ty lign
doanh, cac doanh nghiep qudc tg vao Viet
Nam ngay cang nhigu, keo theo viec nhiing

ngudi nudc ngoai lam viec d Viet Nam va
ngudi Viet Nam lam viec d nudc ngoai ciing
frd ngn phd bign. Trong mpt mdi trudng da
van hoa se cd nhung gia tri quan khac nhau
frong cdng viec, ddi hoi sy nhin nhan va danh
gia nghigm ttte, dg franh bi xung dot van
hoa, anh hudng dgn muc tigu chung ctta ca
to chttc. Viec nghign cttu, he thdng lai gia tri
quan trong cdng viec ctta nhiing con ngudi ttt
nhung •vttng mign khac nhau, dgn ttt nhung
nen van boa khac nhau ttt do rttt ra each quan
ly, dung hda hp, phtt hgp vdi muc tigu chung
cua td chttc, nang cao hieu qua lam viec la
mpt hudng di cd tinh thyc tign cao trong thdi
dai ngay nay.

7. Ket luan
a cac nudc phuong Tay, va gan day la
nhiing nudc Chau A cd ngn kinh tg phat frign
va dang phat frign nhu Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban,
Han Qudc, Singapore,... cac nha boat dpng
thyc tign nhu nha tuygn dung, quan ly, Ianh
dao doanh ngMep, nha hoach dinh chinh sach
va gidi ngMgn cttu hpc thuat ngay cang quan
tam nMgu hon dgn van dg gia tri quan frong
cdng viec. Digu nay thg Men d nhung san pham
ngMgn cttu vg van dg nay ngay cang nMgu, dac
biet la d Chau A bat dau ttt nam 2000 tid Iai
day vdi nhflng bai nghign ciiu vg gia tri quan
frong cdng viec ctta nhdm ngudi trong dp tudi

lao ddng thdi dai mdi sinh ra vao thg he nhiing
nam 80, 90 trd Iai day. Gia fri quan frong cdng
viec khdng cM anh hudng dgn thai dp, hanh vi
frong cdng viec, ma cdn tac ddng manh me dgn
nang suat lao ddng, Meu qua lam viec. Higu
dugc tim quan frpng ctta gia frj quan frong
cong viec, ttt do ngMgn cilu sau ban vg van dg
nay, lam ro dugc khai mem, xay dyng dugc kgt
cau phtt hgp vdi dac diem timg nhom ngudi,
frong timg nganh nghg khac nhau, anh hudng
tac dpng tdi cac ygu td khac frong cdng viec se
mang lai nMgu y ngMa tMgt thyc, md ra nMgu
frign vpng ngMgn cilu sau nay.

Tai lieu tham khao
1. Super, D.E, 1970, Manualfor the Work Values Inventory, CMcago: Riverside Publishing
Company.
2. Abraham, Dov Elizur, 1999, Facets of Personal Values: A Stiuctural Analysis of Life
and Work Values, Applied Psychology: An Intemational Review 48 (1): pp. 73 - 87.
3. Robbins, 1996, Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Contioversies and Application,
7tii. Prentice Hall: pp. 681 - 702.
4. Schwartz, 1999, A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work, Applied
Psychology: An Intemational Review 48 (1): pp. 23 - 47.
5. ^ ^ & * # • & . 2000. A^±-%rtit!!,:i^Jk fl JC|RJkf^tt5!a^tbfiifi-^[J]. . C i J l ^
f (6).

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6. -^^'-^ & *i:.2005. A^^lKJkf/rtf.i!£: ^4k^ g 6^[J]. .-:.^g^^g.(5).
7. Dose J, 1997, fForA: values: an integrativeframeworkand illustiative application to
organizational socialization, Joumal of Occupational and Orgamzational Psychology (3):
pp. 219-242
8. Sagie, A., Elunr, D., Koslowsky, M, 1996, Work values: a theoretical overview anda
model of their effects, Joumal of Organizational Behavior 17: pp. 503 - 514
9. Super, D.E, 1980, A life-span, life-space approach to career development, Joumal of
Occupational Psychology 52: pp. 129 -148.
10. Rokeach, M, 1973, The Nature ofHuman Values, NewYork: Free Press.
11. Ros, M., Schwartz, S.H., Surkiss, 1999, Basic individual values, workvalues, andthe
meaning ofwork. Applied Psychology: an Intemational Review 48 (1): pp. 49-71.
12. Farh, J. L., Zhong, C. B., Organ, D.W, 2004, Organizational citizenship behavior in
Ihe People's Republic of China, Orgamzation Science 15(2): pp. 241-253.
13. ScMiesheim, C.A., Hinkin, T.R, 1990, Influence tactics used by subordinators: A
theoretical and empirical analysis and refinement of the Kipnis, Schmidt and WilMnson
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