Nghiên cứu các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới khả năng có việc làm của sinh viên đại học ngoại thương sau khi tốt nghiệp

GIAO DOC VA OAO TAO

NGHIEN curu CAC VEU TO ANH Hl/OING Tdi KHA NANG
CO UIEC LAIYI CUA SINH UIEN DAI HOC NGOAI THUONG
SAU KHI TOT NGHIEP
Le Phirffng Lan*, Chu Thi Mai Phu-ong^
Nguyen Thi Khanh Trinh^
Maso: 240 | Ngay nhan bai: 21/03/2016 | Ngayhoan thanh bien tap: 29/05/2016 | Ngayduyet dang: 29/05/2016
Paper No. 240 | Dateof receipt: 21/03/2016 | Date of revision: 29/05/2016 | Date of approval: 29/05/2016

Tom tat
Bdi viit se nghien ciru cdc yeu td dnh hudng den khd ndng co viic eita sinh vien DH
Ngogi thuang sau khi tdt nghiep. Cu the bdi viet se tid ldi cdc cdu hdi sau: i) Cdc yeu td
nhu diem ddu vdo, diem tdt nghiep, diem tieng anh, xip logi hgc luc khi tdt nghiep, cd
dnh hudng nhu the ndo den khd ndng cd viec ldm cita sinh vien sau tdt nghiep, ii) Lieu
nhung sinh vien tieh cue tham gia cdc hogt dpng ngogi khda thi khd ndng ed viec sau
khi tot nghiep cd cao han cdc sinh vien khde? iii) Khd ndng cgnh tianh cua sinh vien
ngogi thuang so vdi sinh vien cdc tiudng khac nhu the ndo? iv) Viec theo hgc cdc khda
hgc ky ndng mem tiude khi ra tiudng, tham gia ldm them tiong thai gian sinh vien vd
su cap nhgt thdng tin Ihi tiuong lao dpng dnh hudng den khd ndng cita sinh vien sau khi
tdt nghiep nhu the ndiD? v) Sice khde co dnh hudng ra sao den khd ndng cd viec ldm cita
sinh vien? Kit qud hdi quy cho thdy bien sd diem ddu vdo, diem tdt nghiep, diem tieng
Anh, xip logi bang lot nghiep diu cd Idc dpng ciing chieu tdi xdc sudt cd viec ldm cita
sinh vien sau khi tdt nghiep. Ngodi ra, nhieng sinh vien tiong qud tiinh di hgc cd thgm
gia hogt dpng ngogi khda, tham gia cdc khoa hgc ky ndng mem vd di ldm them trudc khi
tot nghiep, thl xdc sudl md sinh vien do cd viec ldm se cao han sinh vien khdng tham gia
hogt dpng tien.
Tie khoa: kha nang cd viec lam, ygu td anh hudng kha nang cd viec Iam
Abstract
TMs paper studies the factors affecting the employability of FTU students after graduation.
Specifically it is to answer following questions: i) How do the inputfactors such as entiance

exam marks, graduation mark, English mark, academic graduation ranking influence
the employability of students after graduation, ii) Whether the students who actively
participate in extiacurricular activities have higher employability after graduation than
other students? iii) How is the competitiveness of FTU students compared with students
from other universities? iv) How do the study of soft skills before graduation, participation
in parttime jobs and labor market information updatability affect the ability of students
after graduation? v) How does health affect the employability of students? The regression
results show that entiance exam marks, graduation mark, English mark, graduation
' Tnrong Dai hpc Ngoai thuomg, email:
^ Trucmg Dai hpc Ngoai thuang
' Trucmg Dai hpc Ngoai thuomg

So 84 (08/2016)

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125


GlAO DUC VA DAO TAO

ranMng all have positive relation with the employability ofFTU students after graduation.
In addition, if students participate in extiacurricular activities, attend soft skills courses,
do part time jobs before graduation, they will have higher employability than those who
do not
Keywords: employability, factors affecting employability
Nhan thttc sau sac vg viec dao tao nguon
nhan Iyc dap ttng vdi ygu cau frong tinh hinh
Viec lam sau kM tdt ngMep ludn la van dg bttc
men,frongnhiing nam qua, bang nhung nd Iyc

xttc khdng cM ddi vdi ban than sinh vign ma ca
cd thg, tradng Dai hpc Ngoai thuang da thuc
ddi vdi gia dinh, nha tmdng va xa hdi. Cd mdt
Men nMgu giai phap nham nang cao chat lupng
viec lam dttng vdi nganh nghg dao tao ludn la mo
dao tao. Mac dtt sinh vign tradng DH Ngoai
udc ctta hdu hgt khdng cM ddi vdi cac sinh vign
thuong dugc gidi doanh ngMep va xa hdi danh
tdt ngMep ra trudng ma ngay ca ddi vdi cac em
gia cao, nhd kha nang ngoai ngu va kign thttc
con ngoifrgnghg giang dudng dai hpc.
kinh tg tdt, kha nang tMch ttng vdi cac cong
Trong thdi gian gan day, viec lam frd ngn viec thyc tg cao, tuy nMgn sinh vign DH Ngoai
khdtimdo nMgu nguygn nhan,frongdo cd tinh thuang van phai chiu nhimg anh hudng tieu
Mnh hoat ddng san xuat, kinh doanh cd nMgu cuefrongqua trinh xin viec lam.
khd khan, nhu cau tuygn dung Iao ddng bi thu
Dg gittp smh vign, va ngudi Iam cdng tac
hep. Ddi vdi cac co quan, td chttc nha nudc,
quan ly va giang vien frong nha tradng co cai
nhu cau tuygn dung cdng chttc, vign chttc ngay
nhm cu thg vg kha nang xin viec ciia S V tindng
cang cd ygu can cao hon vg chat lupng va cd noi
DH Ngoai tiiuong frong bdi canh kinh te Men
thtta vg sd Iuong. Khdng cM doi vdi cae tradng
tai, bai vigt se nghign cttu cac ygu td anh hudng
dai hpc ngoai cdng lap, ngay ca cac tradng dai
dgn kha nang cd viec ciia sinh vign DH Ngoai
hpc cdng lap co danh tigng, khdng phai sinh
thuang sau kM tdt ngMep cu thg bai vigt se tra
vign tdt ngMep ra tradng dgu cd viec Iam. Mdt

ldi cac cau hdi sau: i) Cac yen to nhu digm diu
nguygn nhan khac, viec cd thgm nMeu co sd
vao, digm tdt ngMep, digmtigngAnh, xep loai
dao tao (tradng cao dSng, dai hpc) ra ddi dan
hpc Iyc kM tdt ngMep, cd anh hudng nhu the
dgn sd Iuong sinh vign dupc dao tao d cttng cac
nao dgn kha nang cd viec Iam ctta sinh vign sau
nganh, chuygn nganh ngay cang nMgu, cung
tdt ngMep, ii) Lieu nhung sinh vign tich cyc
vuat cau. Vg chtt quan, viec cd duac viec Iam
tham gia cac boat ddng ngoai khda tM kha nang
hay khdng, lign quan xk nMgu dgn phim chit,
cd viec sau khi tdt ngMep cd cao ban cac sinh
nang Iyc, trinh dp, ky nang ctta ngudi dugc dao
vien khac? iii) Kha nang canh franh ciia sinh
tao. Thyc tg cho thay, sd lupng ttng vign dang
vign ngoai thuang so vdi sinh vign cac tradng
ky dy tuygn hang nam dg tim viec lam kha
khac nhu thg nao? iv) Vied theo hpc cac khoa
ddng, song kgt qua sd ngudi dapttngdugc ygu
hpc ky nang mgm trade kM ra tradng, tham gia
ctu ctta nha tuygn dung cdn rit ban chg. Trade
lam thgm frong thdi gian smh vign va sy cap
nhung tiiach thttc ngu frgn, ddi hdi cac co sd
nhat thdng tm thi tradng Iao ddng anh hudng
dao tao va ban than ngudi hpc (sinh vign) phai
dgn kha nang cua smh vign sau kM tdt ngMep
cd each nMn nhan mdi vg vin de viec Iam sau
nhu the nao? v) Stte khde cd anh hudng ra sao
kM tdt ngMep ra tindng.

dgn kha nang cd viec Iam cua sinh vien?
Dat van de

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CA a A ft\OI-^r\


GIAODUCVAOAOTAO

2. Phu-ong phap nghien cihi
2.1. Md hinh nghiin ciiu
Trong mdt sd ngMgn cttn vg mdi quan he
giua trinh dp va viec Iam ctta Lucmg Manh
Dong (2008) va Nguyen Qudc NgM va cdng
su (2011) cd stt dung md Mnh logit va probit
dg danh gia kha nang cd viec Iam ctta ngudi
Iao dpng.

khdng thg quan sat dugc. u^ /o cd phan phdi
chuin chuan hda. Nhung gi chttng ta quan sat
dugcfrongthuc tg la Y„ nd mang gia fri 1 ngu
Y*j > 0 va bang 0 ngu cac gia tri khac. Do do,
chttng ta cd Y, = 1 ngu a + (3X, + u, > 0, Y, = 0
ngu a + PX, -H u, <0.
Ngu chttng ta ky Meu F(z) la ham xac suat
tich luy ctta phan phdi chuan chuan hda, ttte la,
F(z) = P(Z

NgMgn cttn nay, frgn ca sd kg thtta cac
•a-/lX,
P(Y=l)=P(u>a+pX+u,)=l-F()
ngMgn ciiu di trade vdi muc dich danh gia kha
nang cd dugc viec lam sau tdt ngMep, tM cac
P(Y=0)=P(u,< _ a-pX,)=F(~"^"^-^')
mo Mnh Logit, Probit hoac md hinh xac suat
Chttng ta cd thg udc lugng md Mnh nay
tuygn tinh dgu co thg thyc Men, ca ba md Mnh
deu CO thg stt dung dg udc lugng kha nang cd bang phuong phap thich hgp cue dai ML. Tac
dupc viec lam ctta sinh vign sau khi tdt ngMep.
Tuy nhign do md Mnh xac suat tuygn tinh cd ddng can bign ctta X: —^—L^ = cp( px) p
Trong dd O ^ la ham phan phdi chuan.
nMgu nhuge digm ngn bai vigt nay stt dung hai
mo Mnh la Logit, Probit dg xac dinh mtte dp
Mo hinh logit:
tac dpng ctta cac ygu td X. tdi kha nang cd viec
Cling nhu md Mnh Probit, md hinh Logit
lam sau tdt ngMep ctta sinh vign DH Ngoai
cho phep khdng chg dy bao cua bign phu thupc
thuong.
frong khoang [0,1]. Md hinh Logit co dang
Cac mo Mnh logit va probit dgu dua frgn phuongfrinhnhu sau:
phuang phap udc lugng hgp li tdi da ML
P 1
=a+XB+u
(Maximum likelihood), l/dc lugng hgp Ii tdi
J-P\
da doi hoi mdt gia dinh vg dang ham phan phdi

Vdi P la giafrictta bign phy thupc cd gia tri
xac suat, chang ban ham logit va ham btt log- nam trong khoang ttt 0 dgn 1. Ttt phuang trinh
log. Cac md Mnh Logit stt dung ham phan phdi frgntaco:
Logit chuan frong khi cac md Mnh Probit gia
P =
1
dinh ham phan phdi chuan chuan hda.
Dg dang thay rang neu X —> + oo, P —> 1, va
Trong dg tai ngMgn cihi nay, bien phu thupc
kM X -» - 00, tM P ^ 0. Do dd, P khdng tiie
la bign kha nang cd viec lam, dugc do ludng
nao nam ngoai khoang [0,1]. Phuang thttc udc
bang Y, cd dang nhi phan (gia tri 0 va gia tri 1),
lugng md Mnh phy thupc vao gia tri quan sat
vi vay, md Mnh logit va don vi xac suat probit
P cd nam giua 0 va 1 hay khdng, hoac la dd cd
la mo hinh phtt hgp nhat dg ap dung.
phai la sd nhi nguygn cd gia fri 0 hoac I hay
Mo hinh probit do Chester Bliss lan diu khdng. Cac md hinh ma bign phu thupc la nhi
tign gidi tMeu vao nam 1935. Gia stt theo phan nguygn dugc gpi la nhirng md Mnh logit nhi
tich don vi xac suat la co mpt phuang frinh nguygn. Trong tradng hgp ma P dttng la nim
phan ttng cd dang Y*, = a + px, + u,, vdi X^ gitta khoang 0 va 1, phuong phap cM don gian
la bien cd thg quan sat dugc nhung Y* la bign la bign ddi P va tiiu dugc Y = M[P/ (1 P)].
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127

GIAO DOC VA DAO TAO

Vdi md Mnh probit ?. = F(^i^i + Pz^i)
Tigp theo chttng ta liy hdi qui Ytiieomdt hang
so va X (cd tiig dg dang thgm vao nMgu bien -t- ^2-^i). trong dd F la ham mat dp xac suat
giaitiiich).Tuy nMen, ngu P la sd nhi nguygn,
Vdi md Mnh logit P. ^
i+ePi+PsX.tM logarit ctta P/(l - P) se khdng till xac dinh
dugc kM P cd gia fri hoac 0 hoac 1. Phuang
2.2. So liiu vd biin
phap udc lugng tMch hgp cyc dai ban chg
Sd lieu stt dung cho phan tich la sd Ueu so
dugc van dg nay.
cip. Vg phuang phap thu thap sd lieu, cac tac
Tac dpng can bign ctta X Ign P dugc tfaih giatienhanh digufrakhao sat bang pMgu khao
toan bang each lay dao ham rigng phan ctta P sat d5i vdi sinh vign K49, tdt ngMep thang
theo X. Tac ddng can bign udc lugng dugc cho 6 nam 2014, va K50, vtta tdt nghiep thang
nhu sau:
6/2015. PMgu khao sat dugc phat dgn tay sinh
vign
tryc tigp vao cudi thang 10/2015 va diu
AP _
^ -ta^pXi
thang
11/2015, ddng thdi cd tign hanh khao sat
=
^(}-P)
^
|/+e^«-/«j|
tryc tuygn xung quanh thdi digm nay. Npi dung

phigu khao sat xin mdi xem phan phu luc.
Gia dinh la Y nhan gia fri la 1 (cd viec lam
Theo nhan xet ctta nhdm ngMgn cttu, sinh
sau kM tdt ngMep) hoac 0 (khdng cd viec Iam
vign
DH Ngoai thucmg cd nhung dac diem dac
sau kM tdt ngMep) ttty thupc vao dp thda dung
thtt
nhu
sau:
I ctta ngudi lao ddng dugc xac dinh bdi cac
bign dpc lap, dp thoa dung cang ldn thi xac suat
Digm tM dau vao cao, frong 255 ban sinh
dg Y =1 cang ldn.
vign dugc hdi, cac ban cd digm dau vao thap
nhat la 22 digm va cao nhat la 32 digm. Nhu
Gia stt dp thoa dung ctta I dugc xac dinh
vay, mat bang chung sinh vign Ngoai thuang
nhu sau:
da rat uu ttt.
/ = /?i/ = Pi+Pz^iPz^i (vdi Xi la cac
Nang ddng, chiu khd tham gia cac boat dpng
bign dpc lap)
ngoai khoa, tham gia cau lac bdfrongva ngoai
KM do tdn tai mdt mtte gidi ban dp thda tradng. 80% sd sinh vign frong mau khao sat
dung 1* dg:
tham gia it nhat 1 cau lac bp ngoai khoa. Viec
tham
gia cac cau lae bp gittp sinh vign Ngoai
Y=lngul>I*

thuang dugc hoan tMen cac ky nang mgm,
Y = 0nguItang ty tm va md rdng giao Iuu.
Do I* khdng quan sat dugc, ta gia thigt I* =
Cac mdn hpc giao due thg chat ciing dupc
I +u (frong do u la ygu td ngiu nhign ctta md chtt frpng frong qua trinh dao tao 4 nam hpc
hmh)
tai tradng nham tang cudng sue khoe cho smh
vign, chtt khdng cM tMgn lech vg dao tao kign
thttc chuyen nganh. Ngoai ra, cac mdn hpc
Vdi cac gia tti nhd ban I* tM xac suit cd
giao due thg chat cung rat da dang, phong phii,
viec lam = 0, ngugc lai ngu moi giafrictta I ldn
va mang tinh Men dai, gittpfrangbi dugc cho
ban I* tM xac suat cd viec lam la
sinh vien nhung hanhfrangde ty tin ban frong
Pi=Pr(Y=l|X) = p(Ii*cudc sdng Men dai, vi du nhu nhiing mdn hpc
Khi do I* = /?i^i + p2Xt+ 02Xi + UiUi

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GIAODUCVAOAOTAO

mangtinhtham my cao nhu thg due nMp dieu, tin vg thi trudng Iao ddng cung nhanh chdng va
bcri Ipi, dancing...
Meu qua hon rat nMgu. Thdng thao ngoai ngu

Ti le sinh vign den ttt cac dd tM cao, ndng ciing la mdttigndg gittp cho sinh vign nam bat
thon thap hem nMgu tradng DH khac, do dd, dugc nhung co hgi nghg ngMep dg dang hon.
ti le sinh vign co digu kien vat chat kha cao.
Xin y kien khao sat ve so lupng va ten cac
Phu huynh da sd thupc ting ldp trung luu frd bien dpc lap se dua vao mo hinh:
len, thudng cd quan he xa hdi rdng, quen biet
Nham phuc vu cho muc tigu ctta dg tai la
nMgu, cd thg cd phan nao anh hudng dgn viec
tim
ra cac ygu td cd tac dpng den kha nang cd
tac ddng lgn cdng viec sau kM ra tradng ctta
viec
lam ciia sinh vignfrongvdng 6 thang sau
sinh vign.
khi ra tradng, trade tign, nhdm tac gia, can ctt
Sinh vign cd sy ty tin frong giao tiep va vao nhung dac digm kgfrgnctta sinh vign dai
chiu khd hpc hdi, ngu cd digu kien dgu cd tinh hpc Ngoai thuong, da tign hanh mdt cupc khao
tiiin cau thi, hpc thgm cac khoa hpc bgn ngoai sat y kign vg cac ygu td cd anh hudng dgn kha
tmdng.
nang cd viec lam ctta sinh vign ctta tradng DH
Ti le Idn cac sinh vign tM vao tradng (trtt Ngoai thuang. Ndi dung pMgu khao sat dugc
cac sinh vign tM khdi A) da dat digm ngoai ngu dinh kem d phan phu luc.
kha cao, do vay day la mdt lgi thg rat ldn ctta
Ddi tugng nhan phieu khao sat: Cac giang
sinh vign ctta trudng DH Ngoai thucmg so vdi
vign, cac nha tuygn dung, cyu sinh vign DH
sinh vign cac tradng khac frong mdi tradng
Ngoai thuang, va nhiing ddi tugng cdng chttc,
tuygn dung.
vign chttc khac.

Trinh dp cdng nghe thdng tin ctta SV Dai
Kgt qua khao sat dugc thg Men d Bang 1
hpc Ngoai thucmg frong bdi canh hpi nhap
md ctta chung ctta ca nudc dgu da cao hon rat nhu sau:
nMgu so vdi cac thg he sinh vign trade, do do
Theo ket qua khao sat tM nhung ygu td sau
kha nang tigp can thdng tm va cap nhat thdng day dugc nhung ngudi tham gia khao sat danh
Bang 1: Ket qua khao sat

1. Diem dau vao
(chu-a cgng diem
iru tien)
2. Diem trung
binh tich luy tot
nghiep
3. Diim tieng
Anh nam cuoi

So 84 (08/2016)

Rat quan
trpng

Quan trgng
vu-a phai

Khong quan
trgng lam

Khong quan

trgng

44.21%

18.95%

29.47%

7.37%

42

18

28

7

27.3%

54.74%

14.74%

3.16%

26

52

14

3

28.42%

43.16%

21.05%

7.37%

27

41

20

7

Tong cgng

95

95

95

Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

120


GIAO DOC VA DAO TAO

Rat quan
trgng

Quan trgng
vira phai

Khong quan
trgng Iam

Khong quan
trgng

4. Viec tham gia
hoat dgng ngoai
khoa cua sinh
vien

39.58%

42.71%

13.54%

4.17%

38

41

13

4

5. Viec di lam
them trong qua
trinh hgc tap tai
tru-ong

31.25%

53.13%

13.54%

2.08%

30

51

13

2

41.67%

33.33%

18.75%

6.25%

40

32

18

6

43.75%

31.25%

20.83%

4.17%

42

30

20

4

25.00%

39.58%

23.96%

11.46%

24

38

23

11

29.17%

44.79%

22.92%

3.13%

28

43

22

3

10. Cap nhat
thong tin ve thi
trirong lao dgng

42.71%

38.54%

13.54%

5.21%

41

37

13

5

11. Xep loai hgc
lu-c trong bang
tot nghiep

32.29%

47.92%

16.67%

3.13%

31

46

16

3

6. Co nguoi
nha Iam chvc
vu quan trgng
trong cac coquan tuyen
dung
7. Co moi quan
he than thiet voi
nhirng ngiroi co
chirc vu trong
xa hgi
8. Gia dinh co
dieu Iden kinh te

9. Tham gia cac
khoa hgc ky
nang mem

130

Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

Tong cgng

96

96

96

96

96

96

96

96

OS OA y y \ r » « n - '


GIAO DOC U A D A O TAO

12. Xep loai
hanh Idem khi
tot nghiep

Rat quan
trgng

Quan trgng
vira phai

Khong quan
trgng lam

Khong quan
trgng

22.58%

33.33%

32.26%

11.83%

21

31

30

11

39.58%

46.88%

9.38%

4.17%

38

45

9

4

69.47%

22.11%

5.26%

3.16%

66

21

5

3

66.67%

23.96%

6.25%

3.13%

64

23

6

3

Tong cgng

93

13. Co sue khoe

14. Kha nang
chju ap lu-c cong
viec
15. Kha nang
canh tranh \a\
sinh vien cac
trirong Idnh te

khac

96

95

96

Ngu6n: />FeweXHWFyzylVIGxbwBCoJ D
gia la khdng quanttgng,hoac khdng quan trong va 0 ngu khdng tham gia)
lamttongviec gay anh hudng dgn kha nang cd
- Viec di lam thgm frong qua trinh hgc tap
viec lam sau kM tdt ngMep ctta sinh vien
tai trudng (nhan gia tri bang 1 ngu cd viec lam
Xgp loai hanh kigm kM tdt ngMep (41%)
va 0 ngu khdng cd viec lam thgm)
Gia dmh cd digu kien kinh tg (34%)

Cd ngudi nha lam chttc vu quan frong
frong
cac CO quan tuygn dung (nhan gia tri
Nhu vay, ttong cac pMgu digu tia khao sat
bang
1
neu cd va 0 ngu khdng cd)
tiep theo danh cho ddi tugng la sinh vign da tdt
ngMep DH Ngoai thuong, nhdm tac gia se khai
- Cd mdi quan he than tMgt vdi nhiJng ngudi
thac thdng tm vdi 13 ygu td cdn lai, dugc da sd cd chttc vufrongxa hdi (nhan gia tri bang 1 ngu
nhiing ngudi tham giafraldi khao sat lya chon CO va 0 ngu khdng cd)

la "rat quan frgng" va "quan frong vtta phai",
Tham gia cac khoa hgc ky nang mgm
bao gdm:
(nhan gia tri bang 1 ngu cd tham gia, bing 0
- Digm dau vao (chua cdng digm im tign) ngu khdng thang gia)
- Digm ttnng binhtichluy tdt ngMep
- Cap nhat tiidng tin vg thi tindng lao dpng
- DigmtigngAnh nam cuoi
(nhan gia tii bang 1 ngu cd cap nhap va 0 neu
- Viec tham gia hoat dpng ngoai khoa ctta khong)
sinh vien (nhan giafribang 1 ngu cd tham gia
So 84 (08/2016)

- Xgp loai hgc lyefrongbiing tdt nghiep
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131


GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO

- Cd stte khoe (nhan gia fri 1 ngu cd, va 0 cd viec dao ddng tu 1 dgn 5 trieu, tnmg binh la
2,8 trieu. Nhung sinh vign thude mau khao sat
ngu khdng)
cd digm dau vao trung binh 24,56 digm, digm
- Kha nang chiu ap lye cdng viec (nhan gia
tdt ngMep tnmg binh la 3,2 digm va digm tigng
tti la 1 neu cd, 0 neu khdng)
Anh trung bmh la 8,8 digm. Digu nay mpt lan
Kha nang canh franh vdi sinh vign cac nua khang dinh ngoai chuygn mdn vung sinh

trudng kmh te khac
vign Ngoai thuong kM tdt ngMep cdn rat tdt vg
Bign phu thupc Y la kha nang cd viec lam ngoai ngtt ndi chung. Ngoai ra,frongsd nhiing
ctta sinh vign sau kM tdt nghiep. Y= 1, ngu sinh smh vign cd viec lam cd tdi 80% sinh vign khi
vign cd viec lam sau kM tdt ngMep va Y. =0, di hpc cd tham gia hoat ddng ngoai khda, viec
tham gia boat ddng ngoai khda gittp sinh vign
ngu sinh vign chua cd viec lam.
hoan tMen cac ky nang, phat trign stte sang tao,
3. Ket qua nghien cihi va thao Iuan
md rdng mdi quan he v.v... nhd do rat tot cho
3.1. Md td thong ki
viec tim viec lam ciing nhu cdng viec sau nay.
Kgt qua khao sat cho thay frong tdng sd Bang 2 cho bigt thdng kg md ta cac bign.
smh vign dugc hdi cd 60% sinh vign cd viec
va 40% sinh vign chua cd viec lam. Trong dd,
3.2. Kit qud u&c luang vd thdo luan
cM cd 30% sinh vign cd viec lam dttng chuygn
Kgt qua udc lugng cac ygu td anh hudng
nganh dao tao. Mtte luong ctta nhung sinh vign
Bang 2: Mo ta thong ke cac bien
Bien so

So quan
sat

Trung
binh

Do lech
chuan

Viec lam
Dau vao
Diem tot nghiep
Diem tieng Anh
Hoat dgng ngoai khoa
Viec Iam them

318 0.672956
0.46987
256 24.56738
1.80647
304 3.258796
0.29304
143 8.823427
1.55422
313 0.469649
0.49988
312 0.6602564 0.4743829

Co ngtrdi nha lam chirc
vu quan trong trong
cac Cff quan tuyen
dung

304

0.075658

Co moi quan he than

thiet vdi nhiing ngudi
CO chuc vu trong xa
hgi

308

Ky nang mem

313

132

TapcW KINH TE DOI NGOAI

Gia tri
nhd nhat

Gia trj
Ion nhat

0
20
2.4
0
0
0

1
30
3.84

10
1
1

0.26489

0

1

0.181818

0.38632

0

1

0.182109

0.38655 1

0

1
1 OA

fneti^n

GIAODUCVAOAOTAO

Cap nhat thong tin ve
thi trirdng lao dong

310

0.687097

0.46443

0

1

Co sue khoe

311

0.028939

0.16791

0

1

Kha nang canh tranh
voi sinh vien cac
trudng kinh te khac

306

0.820261

0.3846

0

1

Xep loai hoc Iuc trong
bang tot nghiep

308

2.337662

0.56753

1

4

Kha nang chiu ap luc
cong viec

310

0.486364

0.27415

0

1

Ngudn: Tinh todn ciia tdc gid
dgn kha nang cd viec lam ctta sinh vign dugc thg MenfrongBang 3. Kgt qua nay da vugt qua cac
kigm dinh chan doan ctta md Mnh nhu bd sdt bign, phuong sai sai sd thay ddi, da cdng tuygn, sai
sofrongmd Mnh va phan phdi chuan ctta nMgu.
Bang 3: Ket qua udc luong mo hinh
Bien so
Diem dau vao
Diem tot nghiep
Biem tieng Anh

Logit
Tinh trang viec lam
0.026
(0.092)*
4.224
(0.020)**

Probit
0.012
(0.093)*
2.485
(0.013)**

0.570

0.289

(0.034)**

(0.039)**

Hoat dong ngoai khoa

0.447
(0.068)*

0.229

Viec lam them

1.973
(0.060)*

(0.061)*
1.148
(0.052)*

Co nguoi nha Iam chu-c vu
quan trgng trong cac cu
quan tuyen dung

So 84 (08/2016)

Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

133


GlAO DOC UA DAO TAO

Co moi quan he than thiet
vdi nhirng ngudi co chuc
vu trong xa hgi

Ky nang mem
Cap nhat thong tin ve thi
truong Iao dgng

-1.098

-0.692

(0.320)
1.845
(0.070)*

(0.302)
1.071
(0.054)

-0.702

-0.420

(0.463)

(0.405)

-0.626

-0.484

(0.639)

(0.545)

1.096

0.611

(0.041)**

(0.038)**

-0.585

-0.476

(0.715)
-20.386
(0.330)
115.000

(0.589)
-11.281
(0.261)
115.000

0.270

0.271

Co sue khoe
Kha nang canh tranh vdi
sinh vien cac truong kinh
te khac
Xep loai hgc Iuc trong bang
tot nghiep
Kha nang chiu ap luc cong
viec
He so chan
So quan sat
R2

GMchii: Gid tii tiong ngodc dan la p-value. * ** hesd cdy nghia a mice 10% vd 5%
Ngudn: Tinh todn cita tdc gid vai su hd trg ciia phdn mim stata 12
Theo kgt qua udc lugng d Bang 3 nhan
thay, hau hgt cac ygu to dgu cd y ngMa d mtte
10%, digu nay ham y bit ky sytiiayddi nao ctta
digm dau vao, digm tdt ngMep, digmtigngAnh,
boat ddng ngoai khda, lam tiigm tindc kM tdt
ngMep, tham gia cac khda hgc ky nang mgm
va xgp loai bang tdt nghigp cua sinh vien dgu

cd anh hudng dgn xac suat cd viec lam ctta sinh
vign sau kM tdt ngMep. Trong dd, cac bign sd
134

Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

digm dau vao, digm tdt ngMep, digmtigngAnh,
xgp loai bang tdt ngMep dgu cd tac ddng ciing
chigu tdi xac suat cd viec lam ciia sinh vien sau
khi tdt nghigp, ttte la kM cac dau diem nay cang
cao tiu xac suat cd viec lam ctta sinh vign sau
khi tdt nghigp cang cao. Digu nay hoan toan
phtt hgp vdi thyc tg tuygn dung Men nay kM ca
sd diu tign dg cac nha tuygn dung chdp nhan la
sinh vign can cd mdt kgt qua hpc tap tdt
t OA m a

j<« A 4 j - i


GIAODUCVAOAOTAO

Bgn canh do, kgt qua udc lugng cflng cM ra,
nhung sinh vign frong qua frmh di hpc cd tham
gia boat ddng ngoai khda, tham gia cac khda
hpc ky nang mgm va di lam thgm trudc kM tdt
ngMep, tM xac suat ma sinh vign do cd viec
lam se cao hon sinh vign khdng tham gia hoat
dpngfrgn.Kgt qua nay ciing hoan toan phtt hgp
voi xu thg Men nay. Ddi vdi nha tuygn dung

theo xu hudng Men nay, ngoai chuygn mdn tdt
thi ky nang mgm nhu giao tiep, ttng xtt, kha
nang giai quygt tinh hudng, stte sang tao v.v...
cung rat quan frgng, nhung ky nang mgm do
sinh vign chi cd thg ren luyen dugc frong qua
trinh tham gia boat dgng ngoai khda. Ngoai ra,
fliam gia boat dpng ngoai khda cdn gittp sinh
vign CO stte khde tdt va thgm nang ddng. Tat ca
nhimg digu dd dgu rat can cd d ngudi lao ddng
tiidi dai mdi.
Cuoi cttng, kgt qua udc lugng cho bigt mtte
do phu hgp ctta hai md hinh lan lugt la 27% va
27.1%. Dg dang nhan thay khdng cd sy khac
biet nMgu giua hai md Mnh logit va probit.

Thtt nhat, cac ygu td nhu digm dau vao,
digm tdt ngMep va diem tigng Anh, tham gia
hoat ddng ngoai khda, lam thgm trudc kM tdt
ngMep, tham gia cac khda hpc ky nang mgm va
xgp loai bang tdt ngMep ctta sinh vign dgu giai
tMch cho xac suat cd viec ctta sinh vign sau kM
ra trudng.
Thtt hai, cac ygu td digm dau vao, digm tot
ngMep va digm tigng Anh, xgp loai bang tdt
ngMep cd tac dpng tich cyc tdi xac xuat cd viec
lam ctta sinh vign sau kM ra trudng. Cac digm
nay cang cao tM xac suat cd viec sau kM ra
trudng ctta sinh vign cang cao.
Thtt ba, nhiing vign cd tham gia boat ddng
ngoai khda, lam thgm trudc kM tdt ngMep,

tham gia cac khda hgc ky nang mgm tM xac
suat cd viec lam sau kM tdt ngMep se cao hon
nhimg sinh vign khac.

Trong gidi ban ctta ngMgn cttn nay, tac gia
ggi md mpt vai giai phap dg gittp sinh vign ra
Dg xac dinh mtte do anh hudng ctta cac nhan trudng cd viec lam dd la sinh vign can tt'ch cye
to tdi xac suit co viec lam ctta sinh vign Dai hpc hpc tap chuygn mdn, chuygn mdn vung, tu duy
Ngoai thuang sau kM ra trudng, nhom ngMgn tdt la digu kien tign quygt ddi vdi nha tuygn
cuu tinh tac dpng bign tai gia tri trung bmh ctta dung. Bgn canh dd, ti'ch cyc hoan tMen vg
cac nhan td nhu sau: Diem dau vao, digm tigng
ngoai ngft. Trong bdi canh hpi nhap, ngoai ngu
Aiih va digm tdt ngMep lan lugt nhan cac gia tri
la rat can tMet cho ngudi lao dpng. Cudi cimg,
la25,6; 3,3 va 8,8. Tai cac muc digm tnmg binh
bgn
canh ren luyen chuygn mdn, ngdn ngu smh
nay va cac bign gia khac nhan gia tri 1 tM xac
vign
can tich cyc tham gia cac hoat ddng ngoai
suat cd viec ctia sinh vign theo md Mnh logit
khda.
Ddi vdi sinh vign Dai hpc Ngoai thuang
va probit la 83% va 78%. Tai cac mtte digm
trung bmh nay va cac bign gia khac nhan gia tri viec tim cho minh mpt cau lac bd tiiich hgp la
0 tM xac suat cd viec ctta sinh vign theo logit va khdng hg khd. Sinh vien can Meu dugc nhirng
probit la 32%va 50%. Nhu vay co tiig tiily xac lgi ich tich cyc ma viec ngoai khda mang lai dg
xuat CO viec lam ctta sinh vign Ngoai thuong tham gia cac hoat ddng nay.
sau kM ra trudng la tuong ddi cao.
Ngoai ra, anh hudng dgn kha nang co viec

4. Ket Iuan
lam ctta sinh vign sau kM tdt nghiep cdn cd rdt
Nhu vay, thdng qua md Mnh hdi quy xac nMgu ygu td khac nua tuy nMgn khdng nam
suat, ngMgn cttu cd mdt sd ket luan sau:
frong muc tigu ctta ngMgn cttu nay.

So 84 (08/2016)

Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI

135


GIAODUCVAOAOTAO

Danh muc tai Ueu tham khao
LanjouwP and Feder G, 2001, Rural non-farm activities: From experience towards
stiategy, Wotld Bank Rural Development Family, WasMngton, DC: World Bank.
Luang Manh Ddng, 2008, Gidi phdp chit yiu nham dap ieng nhu cdu viec ldm ciia lao
dpng ndng thdn huyin Phu Luang tinh Thdi Nguyen, Luan van thae si BCinh tg, DH.Thai
Nguygn.
NguyenTrpngHom, 2008, Bienp/iwrtopcWgiOTten, Chuang frmh giang day Kinh tg
Fulbright, Dai hpc Kmh tg Thanh pho Hd CM Minh.
Nguyen Qudc NgM, Trin Qug Anh va Btti Van Trinh, 2011, "Cac yeu td anh hudng dgn
thu nhap cua hd gia dmh d khu vyc ndngtiidnhuyen Tra On", tinh Vmh Long. Tap chi Khoa
hpc, Sd 5: 23.
SopMaRabe-Hesketh, Brian Everitt, 2004, A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using
Stata, 3"" ed. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Trin Thi Phuang va Nguyen Thi Minh Hign, 2014, "Cac ygu td anh hudng dgn kha nang
cd viec lam pM ndng nghiep d ndng thdn thanh phd Ha Npi", Tap cM Khoa hpc va Phat trign,

Tapl2, So 6,fr.829-835.

136

Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI