An sinh xã hội philippines

AN SINH XA H O I ASEAN

AN SINH XAHOI
PHILIPPINES
.STUTHUHANG
BAN HOP TAC QUdC i t BHXH VlfT NAM

Philippines co dien tich 300.000 km2, dan
so vac l(hoang hcfn 91 trieu ngucri, trong
do ngucri Ma lai Thien chua giao chiem
91,5%, ngudi Ma lai Hoi giao 4%, ngUdi
Hoa 1,5% va c^c dan toc l(hac (3%). Cung
nhu cac quoc gia Ithac tren the gidi, de
duy tfl on djnh l(inh te - xa hpi,
Philippines rat chu trong phat trien he
thong An sinh xa hgi, to chuic va thuc hien
thong qua cac co quan chu chot nhu He
thong Bao hiem cfiinh phu Philippines
(G5IS), Dy ban f)en bu cho ngucri lao dong
Philippines (ECC), Ccf quan BHYT
Philippines (Philhealth hay PHIC), He
thong An sinh xa hoi (SSS).
Hd thdng Bdo hiem Chfnh phO
Philippines (GSIS) ^
He thdng Bdo hiem Chfnh phO dupc thanh
lap theo Luat Lidn bang (CA 186), thdng qua
vdo ngdy 14/11/1936, nhdm thuc day tinh hieu
qud, phQc loi cho ngudi lao ddng lam vide eho
Chfnh phu vd dd thay the he thdng hUu trf cua
gido vidn, ngudi Idm vide trong linh vue y td,
cdng an. Vdi vdn khdi didm Id 200.000 peso vd

58 nhdn vidn, GSIS dd bdt dau di vdo hoat ddng
tQ ngdy 31/05/1937, chu'c ndng chinh Id cung
cap chd dp bdo hiem nhdn thp bdt bude cho
tdt cd cdc cdn bd Idm viec ddi han vd thudng
xuydn cho chfnh phO lidn bang.
Ngdy 16/06/1951, Luat HUu tri (RA 660) vd
Ludt Bdo hilm bdt dpng sdn (RA 656) dupe
ban hdnh. Ludt RA 660 da sQa ddi ludt CA 186
vd ddt didu khodn bdt budc vd chd dp hUu trf

ddi vdi vien chu'c Chfnh phu trong khi Quy
Bdo hiem bdt ddng sdn (sau dd dupc ddi tdn
thanh Quy Bdo hilm chung) dupc giao cho
GSIS qudn ly. TQ do, GSIS cd nhiem vu cung
cap che dp bdo hiem ddi vdi tai sdn va bat
dpng sdn cOa Chfnh phO. Ludt HUu trf khdng
bdt bude (RA 1616) duac thdng qua vdo ngay
31/05/1957 di chi trd cdc ehe dd hUu trf
(dupc ehi trd bdi chu sQ dung lao ddng cudi
cung) vd hoan lai khodn phf bdo hiem eho
ngudi da tham gia ddng bdo hidm ft nhat 20
ndm. Qi tiep can tdt vdi cdc thanh vien, tQ
nam 1957, GStS lap ra cde van phdng khu vUc.
Oen nay, GSIS dd ed 27 chi nhdnh vdi 2681
can bd trong dd 57% Idm viec tgi ea quan
Trung UPng vd 43% lam vi^c d cdc chi nhdnh.
Mdt trong nhflng ^eu ludt ddng chu y nhdt
da sQa doi Dieu Id ve GSIS la Nghj djnh 1146
cOa Tdng thdng dd dUpc ban hdnh vdo ngdy
30/05/1977, nhdm tdng cdc che dd ehdm sdc y

te, hUu trf; md rdng chd dp mdt sQc lao ddng;
thuc hidn cac chd dd dm dau, tQ tudt. Ludt ndy
cung cung cap che dp bdo hiem cho todn thd
vidn chflc Chfnh phfl md khdng tfnh ddn tinh
trang lao ddng cOa hp. Thdng 06/1997, Ludt
GSIS 1997 (RA 8291) da dUpc thdng qua, cung
edp chd dd bdo hiem bdt bude cho tat cd cdc
vien chQc Chfnh phfl. Trong ludt mdi ndy,
nhQng quy djnh ve che dd mat sQc lao ddng
cijng dupc ndi Idng; cdc che dp ly hdn, that
nghidp cung dupc trien khai. Hien nay, GSIS Id
mpt trong sd cdc co quan hoat ddng hidu qud
nhat cua Chfnh phO.
Dy ban Din bit cho ngUdi iao ddng
Philippines (ECC)
Uy ban Den bO cho ngQdi lao ddng (ECC)
dQpc thdnh ldp vdo ngdy 01/11/1974 theo
Nghj djnh 442 cfla Tdng thdng (PD 442) hay Bd
• 27


AN SINH XA H O I ASEAN
hai, giup dd ngUdt ddn thanh
todn chi phi chdm sdc y td todn
dien. Medicare gdm hai ehuong
trinh gpi Id ChQong trinh eham
sdc y te I (MPI) eho ddi tuang
duac trd IQdng thQdng xuyen va
cd hc^ dpng chfnh thQc, do la cae
thdnh vidn eOa Hd thdng An sinh

xa hdi (SSS) va He thdng Bdo
Cd quan BHYT Philippines hiem Chfnh phu (GSIS). ChQdng
trinh chdm sdc y te II (MRU) dupc
(PhilHealth)
Ngay 04/08/1969, Luat Cdng xdy diing cho eae ddi tupng
hda (RA) 6111 hay edn la Luat thupc khu viic phi chfnh thflc
Chdm sdc y te Philippines da hoac ddi tUdng tii tao viec Idm,
duac phe duyet. Ludt ndy da lap khdng phdi la thdnh vidn cOa hai
ra Chuang trinh Cham sdc y te va hd thdng GSIS va SSS. Chuang
Oy ban Cham sdc y td Philippines trinh I dupe thue hidn trflde
(PMCC). Tuy nhien, ngay ehuong trinh 11. Chuong trinh I
chfnh thflc bat ddu thiic hien tfl
- DUa ra cac chfnh sach va 09/08/1971, Ludt ndy mdi dupe
thdng 01/1972 khi cac thanh vidn
hudng ddn ve vide cdi thidn thuc hien bdng sU thanh lap Hpi
cOa GSIS va SSS bdt ddu tham gia
ddng
Cao
Ci
y
gdm
09
thanii
vien,
ChQdng trinh Odn bu eho ngQdi
vdi ChO tich Id Tien sT Pacifico E. ddng gdp vao Quy BHYT thdng
lao ddng;
qua vide khau trQ bdt budc vao
- Xem xdt va gidi quyet nhflng Marcos. Nhiem vu cOa Hdi ddng
tien lUdng bdt budc. Hai co quan

khieu nai vd ddn bO eho ngudi lao Cao Oy la qudn 1^ Chuong trinh
trdn thu cdc khodn ddng gdp;
ddng md khdng dQpc cdc he Chdm sdc y te Philippines
(Medicare), thiic hien chfnh sdch qudn ly, thu nhap cdc ngudn quy;
thdng (SSS vd GSIS) gidi quyet;
ed trdch nhidm xQ ly, didu chinh,
- Di xuat cac chfnh sdch va cung cap "cdc djch vu y td todn chi trd chi phf cho cac benh vien,
chUPng trinh hUdng tdi an todn didn" eho ngudi ddn, phu hpp vdi bdc sT vd nhQng djch vu ehdm sdc
nhu
edu
ed
nhan
cOa
ngUdi
benh
lao ddng, sflc khde nghd nghidp
y te md cac thanh vien dd sfl
vd phdng ngQa tat nan trong mdi thdng qua viec sil dung cdc cd sd dijng.
y te cOa Chfnh phO vd tQ nhdn, ket
trudng ldm vide.
ECC Id CP quan tnic thudc Bd hpp vdi vide thu ddng gdp BHYT
Trong ndm 1978, de bdo ddm
Lao ddng vd viec Idm (DOLE), do cOa ngQdi ddn.
chat lupng cham sdc y te cho
Bd trUdng Bd Lao ddng vd vide
TrQde tien. Medicare eung cap benh nhdn, PMCC dd nghi tdi vide
Idm Id ChO tjeh, Oy ban gdm 07 chd dp cham sdc y td eho ngUdi ehinh sfla lai dieu luat nay thdng
thdnh vidn Id cdc lanh dao He ddn Philippines theo mdt cdch qua Nghi djnh 1519 cCia Tdng
thdng An sinh xd hdi (SSS), He tien tidn, cd nghTa la tiet tcidm va thdng. Mdt trong nhQng thay ddi
thdng Bdo hiem Chfnh phO trong khd ndng cOa qudc gia. Thfl cOa Oy ban dUa ra Id han chd viec

md them cdc cd s6, ngQdi hanh
nghe y td vd nha khoa. Mdt sd cac
quydt djnh, chl thj cOa Tong
thdng cung dd dupc ban hdnh di
md rdng quydn lpi vd didn bao
phO. NhQng nam dau thap nien
80, quyen Ipi cho ngUdi dUdc
hudng che dp thai sdn tai bdnh
vidn, thQc dn lidng ngay, phdng d
dupc md rdng, ehUdng trinh ndy
da phdt trien ddu dan d cd hai he
thdng, GSIS va SSS.'

ludt Lao dpng Philippines va ed
hidu liie tQ ngay 01 /OI /1975 theo
Nghi djnh PD 626. ECC Id ed quan
dupc thanh lap dd thiie hien
ChUdng trinh Ddn bi^ eho ngUdi
lao ddng (ECP), eung cap gdi
quyen Ipt cho ngUdi lao ddng
trong khu vUc cdng, khu vuc tU
nhan va cho cd ngUdi phu thudc
trong nhQng trUdng hpp dm dau,
tai nan lao ddng, mat sflc lao
ddng hoac chet. La cd quan thiic
hidn ChUdng trinh Ddn bu cho
ngQdi lao ddng, ECC dUpc Oy
nhidm cung cdp khodn ddn bti
phu hop cho ngUdi lao ddng.
Dudi day Id nhQng chflc nang

ehfnh cOa ECC:

(GSIS), ChO tjeh Co quan BHYT
Philippines (PhilHealth), Giam
ddc didu hanh ECC, todn the eac
thdnh vien duang nhidm va hai
thanh vien dai didn cho chO sfl
dung lao ddng, ngUdi lao ddng
dupc Tong thdng bo nhiem trong
nhidm ky06nam.

Hd thong An sinh xa hoi
Philippines (SSS)
Cliinh thQc di vao hoat ddng
tQ ngay 01/09/1957 theo Ludt
Cdng hda 1161 (Ludt An sinh xa
28 Tap chl BAO H I I M XA Hdl ky 01 thing 6/2015


AN SINH XA Hdl ASEAN
hdi nam 1954). Theo dd, cd 04
che dp la to tudt, mdt sflc lao
ddng, dm dau va huu trL Chd do
to tuat vd mat sQc lao ddng dUdc
dp dung ngay khi ludt ndy dUdc
thlic hien, trong khi do chd dd dm
dau vd hQu trf thi chi duac dp
dyng sau mdt hodc hai ndm khi
cde thdnh vien da cd du thdi gian
tham gia ddng bdo hidm trudc

dd. Vao nhQng nam 1960,
Philippines vdi nen kinh td phdt
trien vd ddn sd gia tdng da tao ra
nhQng thdch thflc ddi vdi SSS. Oe
hodn thanh nhidm vu bdo ddm
An sinh xd hdi, SSS dd cOng c6
quy bdng cdch md rdng sd lUpng
thanh vidn, cung cap cac djeh vu
vd chd dp bd sung. Do do, ngodi
tru sd chfnh d thdnh phd Queddng, SSS cdn thanh l$p cde vdn
phdng khu vUe vd tinh. Dien bao
phO cung dd dupc md rdng den
iao ddng ndng nghiep va nhdn
vidn cOa cdc Chfnh phO nUde
ngodi hodc cdc td chQc qudc te
theo thda thudn vdi Chfnh phO
Philippines. Ve cdc chd dd, SSS
mang tai sti bdo ddm de ddi phd
vdi trudng hpp dm dau, tdn tat,
cdn ngQdi nghl hQu, mat sQc lao
ddng hodn todn hode vTnh vien
thi dQpc nhan tien trp cdp hdng
thdng. SSS cOng cung cdp cde
khodn cho vay iQOng, nhd d, hpe
tdp vd khodn cho vay Qng phd vdi
thidn tai dd ddp Qng nhQng nhu
clu dang ngdy cdng gia tdng cCia
cdc thdnh vidn. Trong ndm 1969,
Lu$t Cham sdc y td cOa
Philippines (Medicare) cung da

duac thdng qua de ddp Qng
nhQng nhu cdu ndm vidn vd y td
cho cdc thdnh vidn nhUng den
nam 1972 mdi bdt ddu thiic hidn.
Mac dO cd nhQng thay ddi vd
ehfnh sdch trong nhQng ndm
1970 nhQng SSS van duy tri tdt
hoat ddng bdng cdeh md rdng
didn bao phO gdm tham gia tii
nguyen Id ngUdi lao ddng
Philippines dugc doanh nghidp
nQdc ngodi tuyen dyng Idm vide
t?i Philippines vd trd em ngodi gid
thO. Mdt quy bdo hidm nhd nQdc
vd ddn bu cho ngQdi lao ddng

mdi dupe thanh ldp, thay thd cho
Oy ban den bCi cho ngUdi lao
ddng cu trude day. Ngoai vide
thUc hidn cdc che dd tien mat eho
thdnh vien cOa SSS bj tai nan lao
ddng hoac qua ddi, quy ndy cdn
thlic hien viec thanh todn cdc
djch vu phyc hdi sQc khde. Trong
nhQng ndm 1970, SSS da ba lan
tang t^ le ddng gdp d l bat kjp vdi
sd iQpng thanh vien vd khodn
tien che dd eho cac thdnh vien
dang gia tang. TrUdc tien, SSS

tdng ty le ddng gdp Idn 1% vao
ngdy 01/01/1974, tQc la tQ 6%
ddn 7%, sau do mQc ndy dQpc
tang len thanh 7,4% vdo ndm
1978 va vao nam 1979 thi tdng
len thdnh 8,4%. SSS cung dd tang
khodn ddn bu tdi da tfl 500 peso
len thanh 1000 Peso dd hd trp
cho viec tdng cde mfle ehe dp.
Cac che dp mdi nhu trp cap mai
tdng, tQ tuat hdng thang va cdc
che dp nghi thai sdn cung dd
dupc thQc hidn.a

(Tiiptheo trang 22}
nghidn cflu danh
ldn kinh phf hang nam thflc
viec tuydn truyen ^hfnh
sdch BHXH tu nguyen d^jigudi
dan biet tham gia.
^
Cu the hda vlec ho trd|igudl
dan tham gia BHXH tU nguydn
thdng qua viec ho trp phf ddng
BHXH tu nguydn d mdt mflc
nhdt dinh nhdm bdo ddnjtfnh
P ^ tjdng, tuy nhidn, i^tfdn
nhQng ddi tupng d§ bj tdn
thUdng nhu ngudi nghdo, edn
nghdo, ngU^.thu nhdp thdp,

ngudi khuydt tdt, ngudi ddn tdc
thidu sd, lao dpng ndng
nghidp, ndng thdn... dd nhQng
ngUc^ thyc su cd nhu clu tham
gia, h$ cd tliu nhdp dn djnh,
song thu nhdp eOa ho cdn han
chd, chua dfl kinh phf de duy tri
vi^c ddng BHXH tU nguydn cd
ed hdi tham gia. Tuy nhien, cdn
trdnh vide hd trp cdo bSng,
khdng dO sQc khuydn khfch
ngudi ddn tham gia hodc hd trd
qud mflc tao ra viec ^ lai, trdng
chd vdo su hd trd cOa Nhd
nudc.
Tidp tuc dc^ gidn cdc thfl
tye hdnh chfnh trong cdc ca
Iquantung cdp dich vy cdng.

ddc bt^t ddi vdi Ngdnh BHXH
cdn bdo ddm viic giao djch
"mdt cQa", Qng dung tdi da
cdng nghd thdng tin trong
giao djch hanh ehfnh, tidp tyc
ndng cao chdt lupng d0i ngu
cdn bd de ddp Qng ngdy mdt
tdt hon nhu cdu tham gia
BHXH ty nguydn cOa ngudi lao
ddng ndi rieng vd ngfldi ddn
ndi chung.

Cdc ngdnh Lao ddng ThUdng binh vd Xd hdi, Tdi
chfnh, BHXH... cdn ngbi^cflu
xdy dung di dn hd trd nguc^ .
ddn tham gia BHXH tQ nguydn,
trong dd cin t|p trung vdo cdc
nOi dung vd tuydn truydn, ndng
cao nang ly'e eho ddi ngu cdn
b0 thuc hidn, hd trp ddi tUdng
tham gia ve phf ddng gdp dinh
kir.
Tang cfldng hon nQa \idc
nghidn cQu nhu cdu tham gia,
ddnh gid khd ndng tham gia
cOa ngudi lao ddng ndi ridng
vd ngudi ddn ndi ehung di tidp
tuc hodn thidn he thdng chfnh
sdch cd lidn quan ngdy mdt
phfl hdp hdn vd hdp ddn ngudi
ddn trong viec tham gia BHXH
tu nguydn.B

-• 29