Tăng cường đồng thuận xã hội ở việt nam hiện nay

TRI^T HOC, SO 10 (293), T H A N G 10 - 2015

TANG CirdNG DONG THUAN XA HOI
6 VTET NAM HIEN NAY
CAO THU H A N G ' ' '
Dong thudn xd hgi Id mgt tat ye'u khdch
diidc tdm quan
todn thi nhdn

trgng cua dong thugn
ddn Viet Nam,

hgi vdi sit dong thugn
thdnh

khdng

cao. Vd, chinh

tliu quan trgng trong phdt

quan cda sit tdn tgi vd phdt

xd hgi, trong nhihig
phdn

biit ddn tgc, tdn gido,...

nhd co sit ddng thudn

midc

thdc
ciing

dd no lite tgo ditng mgt xd
dgt diidc

trien. Theo tdc gid, di tdng ciidng sU ddng thugn

nhiing

xd hgi d ViH

huy ddn chu xd hgi chu

nghia

hgi,...

^ ^ dng thufin xa hdi la vfi'n de dUdc dat
]jyl ra tfl lau t r o n g lich sfl. O Viet Nam,
L-V ddng t h u a n xa hdi vdi tU each mdt
khai nidm cung dUdc nghidn cflu n h i l u
trong thdi gian gdn day vfi trong cac
vfin kien cua Dang, ddng thufin xfi hdi
dUdc coi n h u nhfin td' cd vai trd q u a n
trgng ddl vdi sU phfit t r i l n dfi't nUdc.
Cd nhieu q u a n diem khac n h a u ve
ddng t h u a n xa hgi. Cd t a c gia cho rang,
"ddng thufin xa hdi dUdc hieu lfi sU ddng

tinh, ung hp vfi cflng thd'ng nhfi't y
tudng va hfinh dpng ve nhflng diem
tUdng ddng chung cua xfi hdi"{l). Cd tac
gia lai k h a n g dinh, "ddng thufin xa hdi
la sU ddng tinh, nhfi't tri h a y t a n thfinh,
u n g hd rapt cfich ro rfing h a y ngdm dinh
cua da so cac thfinh vidn trong xfi hdi
ddl vdi mdt vfi'n d l nfio dd (chang b a n
rapt quan dilm, radt chu trUOng, dudng
ldi, chinh sach, mgt quyd't dinh, v.v.)
t r e n cd sd nhflng d i l m tUdng ddng va
cung chung muc dieh"(2).
N h m chung, cac tac gia d i u thd'ng

24

vd Nhd

do md Viit Nam

Nam hien nay, cdn thiet phdi gidi quye't hdi hba cdc ldi ich, phdt
vd tdng ciidng dot thogi xd

trien xd hgi- Nhdn

ndm qua, Ddng

nha't quan didm coi ddng thufin xa hdi la
sU ddng tinh, n h a t t r i v l mgt va'n de nao
dd t r e n nhflng muc dich chung, nhflng

ldi ich chung, mfi vfin chfi'p nhfin nhiing
diem khae biet. S u ddng thufin nfiy cd
t h l la sfl ddng thufin ve m a t nhfin thflc,
quan didra h a y hfinh dgng. Nhfl vfiy, cd
sd cua ddng thufin chu ye'u dfla trdn
nhflng chufin raiic, ldi ich chung va do
dd, d radi giai doan Iich sfl khac nhau,
mdi cgng ddng k h a c nhau, ddng thufin
xa hgi cd sfic thai khac n h a u .
Cd thd thfi'y rfing, mdi xa hdi d i u tdn
tai nhflng ca n h a n cd nhiing nhu cdu,
ldi ich khac n h a u . Song, moi ca nhfin,
cdng ddng xfi hdi nfiy cdn phai chfi'p
nhfin va tdn t r g n g nhiing n h u cau, ldi

(*) Tien si, Tru3ng phong, Phong Triet hoc vSn
hoa, Vien Triit hoc, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc xa hoi
Viet Nam.
(1) Do Quang Tua'n. Biidc phdt triin mdi trong
quan diem nhgn thUc ve dgi dodn. kit ddn tgc. T?p
chi Mat tran, so 10, 2005, t r . l l .
(2) Chu Van Tuan. Ddng thugn xd hgi: Mgt so'van
dily ludn. Tap chi Triet hoc, so 7, 2009, tr.26.


CAO THU HANG
ich eua nhiing ea nhfin, cdng ddng xfi
hdi khfic, bdi cd nhU vfiy thi xa hdi mdi
tdn tai va phfit triln. Qufi trinh tim
kiem nhiing phUdng thflc dl xfi hdi tdn

tai vfi phat triln lfi qua trinh xa hpi dat
dUdc su ddng thufin cua minh. Theo
nghia dd, ddng thufin Ifi mdt tfi't yd'u
khach quan cua sii tdn tai vfi phat trien
xfi hdi. Nhd cd ddng thufin xa hgi raa
tinh hinh chfnh tri dn dinh; cac linh vUc
kinh tl, vfin hda, xa hdi cd dieu kidn
phat triln. Thflc tidn da chflng minh
rfing, ragt xa hgi khdng cd sfl ddng thufin
se dfin din nguy cd bfi't dn vfi xung ddt,
thara chi di ddn tan ra. Trong lich sfl,
nhd cd sfl ddng thuan cao mfi Viet Nara
da vfldt qua nhilu khd khfin vfi thfl
thfich, xay dung vfi bao vd thfinh cdng
Td qudc Viet Nam xa hgi chii nghia.
Nhfin thflc dUde tara quan trgng cua
ddng thuan xfi hdi, trong nhflng nfim
qua. Dang vfi Nha nfldc cflng tofin the
nhfin dfin Viet Nam, khdng phan bidt
dfin tdc, tdn giao,... cflng nhau tao diing
mdt xa hgi Vidt Nara vdi sfl ddng thufin
cao. Va, chfnh nhd cd sU ddng thufin dd
mfi Viet Nam dat dUdc nhflng thfinh
tliu quan trgng trong phfit triln. Dd la:
Thii nhdt, ve mat chinh tri: Viet Nam
ludn la qud'c gia cd sU dn dinh chinh tri
trong bdl canh the gidi cdn nhilu diln
bie'n phflc tap cung nhfl sii pha hoai cua
cac the luc thfl dich. Cd dfldc dieu nay
lfi nhd vai trd quan trgng cua Dang

Cgng san Viet Nam, sfl lanh dao dn
dinh cua Dang ludn trung thfinh ldi fch
cia giai ca'p cdng nhan, nhan dan lao
ddng vfi cua ca dan tdc. Cfic chinh sach
nhfit triln vfi vide thUc hien cac chinh
sach cua Dang va Nhfi nfldc dfi dap flng

dUdc nguyen vpng cua nhan dan, cac td
chflc kinh tl, xa hdi. Moi quan he gifla
Dang lanh dao vfi Nhfi nUdc quan ly,
ciing nhu mdl quan hd gifla chinh
quyen vdi cfic tang ldp nhan dan ludn cd
Sli thd'ng nhfi't.
Lfi mdt da't nUdc vdi 54 dan tpc anh
em cung chung sd'ng, nhUng d Viet Nam,
cac dfin tpc ludn hda hdp vdi nhau,
khdng xay ra nhiing raau thufin dan tdc
- dilu mfi nhieu nUdc tren the gidi hidn
nay dang phai dfldng ddu. Cac dan tpc
cflng chung sdng, binh dfing, gfin bd
raat thid't trong sU phat trien edng ddng
cfic dan tgc Viet Nam. Theo dd, "ddng
bfio Kinh hay Thd, Mudng hay Man,
Gia Rai hay E Dd, Xd Dfing hay Ba Na
va cfic dan tdc thieu so' khac, diu la con
chfiu Viet Nara, diu lfi anh era rudt
thit. Chflng ta sd'ng chd't cd nhau, sUdng
khd ciing nhau, no ddi giup nhau (...).
Sdng ed the can, nfli cd thl mdn, nhUng
long dofin ket cua chung ta khdng bao

gid giam bdt"(3). Ciing vdi sii dn dinh
trong nUdc, vl ddl ngo^i, hidn nay, Viet
Nam thflc hidn dudng Idl ddl ngoai ddc
Ifip, tu chu; da dang hda, da phUdng hda
cac quan he ddl ngoai, cd quan he td't
vdi cfic nUdc trdn the' gidi, cd quan he
ngoai giao vdi 184 nUdc/193 nUdc(4), la
ddl tac chie'n lUdc cua nhilu qud'c gia.
Thli hai, vS mat kinh ti': Viet Nam
thlic hidn xay diing nen kinh te thi
trudng dinh hUdng xfi hgi chu nghia vdi
(3) H6 Chi Minh. Todn tdp, t.4. Nxh Chinh tri
Quoc gia, Hk Noi. 2011, tr.249-250.
(4) Xem: DSing Linh. Viet Nam tdng ciidng quan hi
nhiiu mat vdi cdc niidc thegidi. Dai Tieng noi Viet
Nam. />Chu nh&t, 19:00, 02/02/2014.

25


TANG CUbNG DONG THUAN XA HOI..,
muc tieu "dfin giau, nUde raanh". Trong
nhiing nfim gdn day, kinh t l Viet Nam
ngfiy cfing phfit trien, dat dUdc nhiing
thfinh tUu quEin trgng, giai quyd't dUdc
nhieu vaii dl bflc xflc cua xa hgi. Tdng
san phdm trong nUdc ludn dat ke hoach
de ra, nam sau cao hdn nfim trUdc.
Chfing ban, tfl nfim 2001 din 2010,
kinh te nUde ta tang tnidng nhanh, dat

tdc do binh quan 7,26% nfim. Cd ca'u
kinh t l chuyin dich tich cfle... Tong san
phdm trong nUdc (GDP) nfim 2010 theo
danh gifi thflc te gfi'p 3,26 ldn so vdi
nam 2000; thu ngfin sach, kim ngach
xua't khdu gfi'p 5 Idn so vdi nfim 2000;
GDP binh quan ddu ngUdi nfim 2010
dat 1.168 USD(5). Vidt Nam dfi dflng
vfio hfing ngu nhiing nUde cd thu nhfip
trung binh. Nhd dd, ddi sdng nhfin dan
dUdc nfing eao; eae ldi fch tap the, ca
nhan va xfi hdi diu dUde coi trgng, radi
ngUdi dan Viet Nam deu dUdc tao cd hdi
lfim gifiu chfnh dang. Cac thfinh phdn
kinh t l dUdc tao dieu kidn phat trien.
Thii ba, ve mat vdn hda: Dd lfi sii tdn
trgng tii do tdn giao, tin ngUdng; truyen
thd'ng khoan dung, tinh than dofin kd't
cua dan tdc Viet Nara. Viet Nam lfi
qudc gia da tdn giao, vdi cac tdn giao ldn
cflng tdn tai vfi khdng xay ra mfiu
thufin. NhiJng ngUdi theo tdn giao vfi
khdng tdn giao cung chung sd'ng hda
hgp, cac tfn ngudng dan gian, ban dia
diu dUdc coi trgng. Quan diera cua
Dang Cgng san Viet Nam ve vfi'n dl nay
lfi "tdn trgng va bao dam quyln tU do
tin ngudng, tdn giao vfi khdng tin
ngudng, ton giao ciia nhan dan theo quy
dinh cua phap lufit^'(6).

Vfin hda truyln thd'ng cd rapt vai trd
26

quan trgng trong tao dilng sii cd' ket
cdng ddng. Viet Nam cd truyen thdng
vfin hda hfing nghin nara lich sfl. Dd la
truyln thd'ng ydu nUdc, thUdng ngUdi,
dofin ke't, khoan dung,... Dfiy la nhflng
gia tri ehung, tao ra sU ddng cara, sii
thdng nhfi't trong nhan thflc chung vl
nhflng chudn mflc, gia tri xfi hdi
"truyln thd'ng vfin hda chinh la nen
tang chung rafi mgi ngfldi trong mdt
cgng ddng, mdt xa hdi cflng chia se (...).
Trdn cd sd hda nhfip vdi truyln thd'ng
van hda, con ngUdi hinh thfinh nhflng
gifi tri radi cung nhu nhflng ndi Uu tU
chung ddl vdi cac vfi'n de mdi tnidng, xa
hgi vfi cudc sd'ng cgng ddng. Tfi't ca
nhflng cfii chung dd Ifi cd sd quan trgng
nha't de lidn kd't con ngfldi vdi nhau"(7).
Cflng vdi gia tri vfin hda truyen thd'ng,
cacNgia tri mdi ciing dang dUdc hinh
thfinh, hudng con ngudi Vidt Nam tdi
nhiing gifi tri chfin, thien, my. Tfi!t ca
tao ra mpt mdi trUdng vfin hda dap iing
dUdc nhu cdu phfit triln con ngudi, con
ngudi trd thfinh trung tfim cua sU phfit
trien, cd ddi sd'ng tinh thdn phong phu.
Thli tli, vi mat xd hdi: Cflng vdi sii

phfit trien kinh te', nhiing vfi'n de xa hoi
d Viet Nara hidn nay cd sU phat trien
hfii hda. Trinh dd dfin tri ngfiy cfing
nang cao. Vfi^n de binh d^ng gidi ciing
dUdc tfing cUdng. Viet Nam da rfi't

(5) Xem: Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kiin Dgi
hgi dgi biiu todn qudi: ldn thti XI. Nxb Chi'nh tri
Qu6c gia. Ha N5i, 2011, tr.20.
(6) Dang C6ng san Vi^t Nam. Sdd., tr.81.
(7) PGS.TS. Pham Vfin Diic, PGS.TS. D|ng HCu
Toan, GS. TS. Tran Vfin Doan, TS. Uhich Domberg
(Dong chil bign). Cong bang xd hdi, track nhi^m xd
hgi vd dodn kit xd hdi. Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi, Hi
N6i, 2008, tr.494.


CAO THU HANG
thfinh cdng trong viec nfing cao ty Id tre
em gfii hgc tilu hgc vfi trung hgc cd sd.
Ty le hgc sinh nfl bfic tilu hgc la 48,2%,
bfic trung hgc cd sd lfi 48,1% va trung
hgc phd thdng lfi 49,1%. Hidn nay, Viet
Nara lfi mgt trong nhflng nflde diing
ddu trong khu vflc vl ty le phu nfl tham
gia Qud'c hdi: 25,8% dai bilu Qud'c hgi
lfi phu nfl(8). Vidt Nam cung la nUdc
giam nghdo nhanh chdng, dap flng rauc
tieu thien nidn ky ve giara ngheo cua
Lidn hdp qud'c. Ngofii ra, cac vfi'n de nhU

bao hilm xa hdi, trd giflp xfi hdi,... cung
ngay cfing dUdc hofin thien, tao ra mdt
sfl dam bao, an tofin cho cac thanh vien
trong xfi hdi nlu khdng may gfip phai
rui ro, d'm dau, benh tat,...
Nhfin dinh chung ve nhflng thfinh
tliu cua Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua,
Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu todn qud'c ldn
thd XI da kh^ng dinh: "The che kinh td'
thi trudng dinh hUdng xfi hdi chu nghia
tid'p tuc dUdc xfiy dflng va hofin thien.
Cac Iinh viic vfin hda, xfi hgi dat thfinh
tliu quan trgng trdn nhilu mfit, nha't lfi
xda ddi, giara nghdo. Ddi sd'ng vfit chfi't
vfi tinh than ciia nhan dfin dUdc cai
thidn rd rdt; dan chu trong xa hgi tie'p
tuc dUdc md rgng. Chinh tri - xfi hgi dn
dinh; qud'c phdng an ninh dUdc gifl
vflng. Cdng tac ddl ngoai, hpi nhfip qud'c
t l dfldc trien khai sau rdng vfi hieu qua,
gdp phdn tao mdi trUdng hda binh, dn
dinh va tfing thdm ngudn lUc cho phfit
trien dfi't nUdc"(9). Nhflng thfinh tUu
nfiy cung la nhflng gia tri, muc tidu, ly
tudng chung cua mdi ngudi Viet Nara
ve mdt cudc sd'ng cd ddc Ifip dfin tde, fi'm
no, hanh phuc; dU(?c sinh sd'ng trong
mdt mdi trUdng vfin hda hidn dai nhUng

Cling giau ban sfic dan tdc; ludn thUdng

yeu, chia se vfi dura bpc Ifin nhau,...
Nhflng thfinh tflu dd lai la cd sd vflng
chfic cua ddng thufin xa hdi d Vidt Nam
hien nay. Bdi, cd the thay, cd sd chu ylu
cua ddng thufin xa hpi dUa tren nhflng
ldi ieh, chuan miic, ly tudi^ chung.
Phai dUa trdn rapt so' ye'u td' chung dd,
mgi ngUdi trong xfi hdi mdi cd thl ddng
thufin dUdc vdi nhau.
Nhu chflng ta da biet, ndi tdi ddng
thufin xfi hdi lfi ndi tdi nhflng diem
tUdng ddng, nhflng ldi ich chung, gia tri
chung, nhUng dieu dd khdng cd nghia la
khdng cd sfl khfic bidt, sfl khac nhau
trong mdt so' vfi'n dl, mdt sd' linh vUc
nfio dd. Da'y cd the Ifi khfic nhau trong
hfinh dgng, dfl rfing cd sU thd'ng nhfi't
nhau trong nhfin thflc; cd the la sU khac
nhau vl nhu cau, ldi fch, v.v.. Cd sU
khac nhau khdng gay tfic ddng hay anh
hudng den muc dich chung, ly tudng
chung; nhUng cung cd nhflng sU khfic
nhau nfio dd cd thl lfi mdm mdng gay
anh hudng dd'n ddng thuan xa hdi. Day
lfi dilu can phai nhfin thfle dUdc trong
qua trinh tim kilra nhflng mue dich, gia
tri chung trong xa hdi.
Nhfin didn dUdc cd sd tao ra sii ddng
thufin xfi hpi cflng nhU nhflng nguy cd
tiem dn gfiy anh hudng xfi'u dd'n qua

trinh nfiy, trdn cd sd muc tidu chung
"xfiy dung mdt nUdc Vidt Nam hda binh,
dgc Ifip, th^ng nhfi't, tofin ven lanh thd,
dan gifiu, nUdc raanh, dfin chu, cdng
(8) Xem: Umcef (Vi6t Nam). http;//www.unicef.org/
vietnani/vi/overview_14585.htmI
(9) Dang Cong san Vi§t Nam. Vdn kien Dgi hot dgi
biiu todn qudi: ldn thUXI. Nxb Chinh tri QuSc gia
Ha Noi, 2011, tr.92.
'

27


T A N G CUtJNG DONG THUAN X A HOI...

bfing, vfin rainh Ifira dilra tUdng ddng,
xda bd mfic cam, dinh kid'n vl qua khfl,
thfinh phdn giai cfi'p, chfi'p nhfin nhiing
diem khfic nhau khdng trfii vdi ldi ich
chung cua dan tdc; de cao tinh than dan
tdc, truyen thdng nhfin nghia, khoan
dung... dl tfip hdp, doan kd't mgi ngUdi
vfio mfit trfin chung"(10), chung ta se cd
nhflng bidn phap thich hdp nhfim giam
thilu nhflng nhan to' tac ddng xau den
ddng thufin xfi hdi va tao ra nhflng
nhfin to cung cd' ddng thufin xfi hgi.
Trong giai doan hien nay, theo chiing
tdi, nhflng bidn phap dd la:

Thii nhdt, dam bao hai hda ldi fch
cua cae thfinh vidn trong xa hdi.
Ndi tdi ddng thufin lfi ndi tdi Idi ich.
Ldi ich la cd sd de cfic thfinh vidn trong
xfi hdi lien kit nhau, vi ldi ich thd'ng
nhfi't rafi mpi ngUdi trong xa hdi di dd'n
ddng thufin. Do vfiy, ddng thufin xa hgi
cd vflng chfic hay khdng la do vide giai
quye't quan he ldi ich gifla cfic thfinh
vien trong xfi hgi cd lfim thda mfin hg
hay khdng. Neu viec giai quyd't dd dap
flng dUdc nhu cdu, ldi ich cd ban cua cac
thfinh vien, ddng thufin xfi hgi se xuat
hidn; ngUdc lai, neu khdng giai quyet
dfldc thi sd nay sinh mau thufin, luc dd
xfi hpi se khdng cdn 3 trang thai ddng
thufin nfla. So vdi tnidc dfiy, mgt mat,
nhu cdu vfi ldi ich cua moi ngUdi Viet
Nam ngfiy efing da dang, mdi ngUdi cd
nhieu muc tidu, gia tri dl lUa chgn hdn;
mat khdc, kinh t l thi tnidng vdi sU
khac nhau ve cd hdi ciing lfim cho ddi
sd'ng cua raoi ngUdi cd sU khac nhau vl
raflc sd'ng, thu nhfip, tid'p cap dich vu,...
khiln kha nfing raau thufin Idi ich ngfiy
cang ldn. V\ vfiy, viec giai quyet hai hda
28

ldi ich lfi hit sflc cdn thiet. Dd lfi sU hai
hda gifla ldi ich vfit cha't vdi Idi ich van

hda vfi ldi fch chfnh tri...; gifla ldi fch ca
nhan vdi cdng ddng, gifla cfi nhfin vdi
doanh nghidp, doanh nghidp vdi cdng
ddng; gifla ldi fch trUdc rafit vdi ldi fch
lau dfii; ldi fch gifla cac tdng ldp dan cU,
cfic khu vflc, vung railn,...
Vfi'n de ldi fch chi cd the giai quye't
dUdc khi mdi ngUdi, mdi cdng ddng, t l
chflc nhfin thflc ro vai trd cua minh
trong xa hpi cung nhU vai trd cua xfi hpi
ddl vdi ban thfin, thfi'y dUdc y nghia
cudc sdng; quylt tfim dfi'u tranh chdng
lai cfiifie,cai X§LU; bao vd nhiing gia tri
tdt dep cua xa hgi, cua dfi't nUdc; doan
kit, khoan dung, chfi'p nhfin sfl khac
bidt; cdng bdng xa hgi dUdc thflc hien;
phap lufit dUdc thflc thi nghidm minh,
va'n dl dan sinh dUdc coi trgng;...
ThU hai, tfing cUdng hdn nfla nen
dfin chu xfi hgi chu nghia.
De ed dUde sfl ddng thufin, dan chu la
dilu khdng thl thidu. Su phat triln cua
dfin chu lfi mdt qufi trinh. Cflng vdi sii
phat trien cua xfi hgi, dfin chu ngay
cang cd sU phat trien. Thdng qua dan
chu, mgi ngUdi se trd thfinh chu nhfin
chfin chfnh ciia mgi boat ddng xa hpi,
bdi ndi tdi dfin chu lfi ndi tdi quyen dUdc
tham dfl vao cac hoat ddng xa hdi cua
mdi ngfldi vfi do vfiy, se huy ddng dflpc

mdt lflc Ifldng ddng dao nhan dan tham
gia tich cUc vfio cac cdng vide cua Nha
nUdc, ciia xa hdi, gdp phdn xay dflng
daft nUdc. Vide ngfldi dan tich cUc tham
gia vfio cac boat ddng xa hgi lfi bieu

(10) Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kiqn Dgi hdi
dgi bieu toan qudc ldn thdXI. Sdd., tr.48.


CAO THU HANG
hidn cao nhfi^t sfl ddng tinh, iing hd cua
hg ddi vdi dudng hudng phat tridn xa
hgi, tEio ra raang lUdi Iidn kd't. Sfl lidn
kd't cfing cao thi mflc do ddng thufin xfi
hgi cfing ldn. Nd'u khdng ed dan chu thi
se khdng cd sU phat trien dn dinh, vi
phfit triln la kit qua ddng gdp cua
nhfliig ca nhan trong xa hdi. Nhfin xet
ve mdi quan he nfiy, cd tac gia cho rfing,
"dfin chu lfi cd sd, lfi dilu kidn vfi tiln
dl cua dofin kd't vfi ddng thufin xa hdi.
Chi khi nfio dfin chu la thUc chfi't (chfl
khdng phai hinh thflc, gia hidu, rai dan
- rafi nhflng bieu hidn nay vfin thudng
tha!y xua^t hien trong ddi sdng, nd di liln
vdi sU vi phara dan chu, ddl Ifip vdi dfin
chu) thi khi do, mdi cd dofin kd't thUc sU,
thUc chfi't, mdi tfing cUdng dUdc ddng
thufin"(ll). Tuy nhidn, dfin chu d dfiy

khdng chl dUdc hilu lfi thilu sd phuc
tung da sd, mfi cdn cdn phai lUu y
quyen cua thilu sd, ciia tflng cfi nhfin
trong xa hdi.
De thue hien dfldc dilu nfiy, cdn thie't
phai coi trpng tfl tfldng Ifi'y dfin Ifim gdc,
xay dflng nha nfldc phap quyen xfi hdi
chii nghia, mgi ngfldi binh dang trUde
phfip luat, tfing cUdng sfl minh bach,
cdng khai.
Thli ba, tfing cUdng ddl thoai xa hdi.
Ndi tdi ddng thufin xfi hdi la ndi tdi
sU ddng tinh, nhfi't tri vl radt vfi'n dl
nfio dd tren cd sd tfl giac, tU nguyen ciia
rapi ngUdi, chfl khdng phai lfi sU cudng
ep, bfit budc nao; ^° ^°' ^U ddng tinh,
nhfi't tri nfiy khdng phai ngay tfl dau
xufi't hidn dfl^c, mfi cdn phai cd sfl
thfldng thao. Ddl thoai xa hdi tfing
cfldng sfl hilu bie't lan nhau gifla cac
nhdm xfi hdi khac nhau, gifla cac cgng

ddng, nhdm cd ldi ich khfic nhau tham
gia vfio qufi trinh ra quyet dinh vl mgt
vail de nao do. Tfl dd, tao ra sfl dd dfing
hdn trong viec chia se ldi ich trong
nhflng trUdng hdp cdn thiet, vi nhiing
rauc tidu chung. Qua dd, dfip flng, thda
man nhu eau va ldi ich cua cac ben trong
qua trinh dUa ra cfic quye^ dinh hdn

quan, trong hoach dinh va thfle hien
chinh sach; hda giai dUdc nhflng mfiu
thufin, ngfin chfin dUde nhflng bfii; ddng
ed the nay sinh do khdng hieu nhau...
De Ifira dUdc dieu dd, can cd dfin chu
de ragi ngUdi dUdc tU do bfiy to y kid'n,
quan niem cua minh; nfing cao trinh dd
dan tri, quyln dUdc thdng tin cua ngudi
dan phai dUdc coi trgng; md rdng cac
dien dfin, eac kenh ddl thoai...
Vdi nhuiig dieu dfi trinh bay d tren,
cd thl thdy, mfic dfl cd nhieu cd sd vflng
chfic de tao ddng thufin xfi hdi d Viet
Nam, nhUng ben canh dd, cung cd mdt
so' nhan td tilm fin cd the gay anh
hudng dd'n vfi'n dl nay. Do vfiy, di tfing
cUdng hdn nfla ddng thufin xa hdi d Viet
Nam hidn nay, cdn thid't phai dam bao
hfii hda cfic ldi feh cua cae thfinh vien
trong xfi hdi, tfing cfldng nen dfin chu
xa hdi ehu nghia va ddl thoai xa hdi.
Cfic giai phfip nfiy cdn cd sfl kd't hdp,
thd'ng nhdt vdi nhau dl tren cd sd dd,
mdi ngUdi Viet Nam cflng chung tay
xfiy diing radt xa hdi rafi ai ai cung dfldc
tu do, hanh phuc - xa hdi cua nUdc Viet
Nam xfi hdi chu nghia. Q

(11) PGS.TS. Pham Vfin Dfic, PGS.TS. Dang Hflu
Toan, GS.TS. Triin VSn Doan, TS. Ulrich Domberg

(Dong chu bien). Cdng bdng xd hgi, trdch nhiem xd
hgi vd dbdn keixd hgi. Sdd., tr.442.

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