phân tầng xã hội hợp thức và kiến nghị nhằm thực hiện công bằng xã hội

NGHItN CCfU-PHATTBigN L* LUAN

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TANG XA HOI HOP T H O C VA KIEN NGHI
NHAM TH(/C HIEN CONG BANG XA HOI

PHAN

• GS, TS NGUYEN DINH TAN
dupe xd hdi coittpng,suy tdn ve mat tinh thdn
HQC vi$n Chinh tri quoc gia Ho ChiMinh vd dupe nhan vl minh nhiing miic luong,
thudng eao (Ipi ieh vdt chat cao). Ngudi tai tri
thdp, ddng gdp cho xd hOi it thi dupe danh gid,
l.Phan tang xa h$i hgrp thu-c va khdng nhin nhdn mdt cdchtirongiing vdi nhiing ^ md
hgp thiic
hp ed vd ldm cho xd hoi. Thuc chat eua phdn
Phan tingxi hgi hgrp thuc la mOt khai nilmtdng xd hpi hpp thiic ve raat kinh te Id su van
dupe ede nhd xd hdi hpe Viet Nam dua vao ndi hanh theo nguyen tdc "lara theo ndng luc,
dung nghiin ciiu va gidng dgyttongchuong trinh hudng theo lao ddng".
ddo tgo chinh didng eiia Hpe viln Chinh tri qudc
Ddi lap vdi phan tang hpp thiic la phdn tdng
gia Hd Chi Minh gdn hai thdp ky qua. Khai niem xd hdi khdng hop thiic. Phan ting xi hdi
nay dupe cdc nha khoa hpe trim tupng hda vd khdng hgp thiiela. khdng dua tien su khde bilt
"tdeh bdc" ra ttr khdi nilm phan tdng xa hdi tu nhiin giua cdc ca nhan, ciing khdng chii
(PTXH). Theo dd, PTXH hpp thuc dupe hiiu la ylu dupe tgo ra do su khde nhau vl tdi diie vd
mdt "edu tnic tang bac" eao thap, phan dnh su su ddng gdp, edng hiln rapt each thuc tl ciia
khdc nhau, su khdng ngang bdng nhau giiia cdc mdi ea nhdn cho xd hdi. Phdn tang xd hdi
thdnh vilnttongxd hdi vl ba ddu hieu ehii ylu: khdng hpp thiie la phan tang xudt phat tir

dja vi chinh tri, dia vi kinh te, dia vi xd hdi. PTXH nhiing hdnh vi tidi phap luat, tham nhung, lira
hpp thiic dupe hinh thanh chii ylu dua vdo su gat, ttdm cdp, ldm an phi phdp dl ttd nln gidu
khde bilt khdch quan, tu nhiin giiia cde thdnh cd, cd vi tii caotiongxd hoi hodc ludi bieng, y
vien trongxd hpi vl mdt ndng luc (the chdt, m' ml), lgi de roi vao su ngheo khd, yeu the.
si; khdc bipt vl cdi tdi, cdi dire vd su edng hien,
Trongxd hdi phdn tang khdng hpp thiic thi ke
ddng gdp thuc tl ciia mdi cd nhan cho xa hdi.
khdng CO thuc tdi van ed the ehiem vi tri eao, hp
Ngudi cd tai cang cao, due cdng rpng vd su van ed the chilm dogt nhieu cda edi, ldm giau
cdng hiln cho xd hpi edng nhieu thi ngudi dd bdt ehinh. Phdn tang khdng hpp thue, nhiing
edng xiing ddng dirng vdo vi tri eao ttong xd hdi, ngudi CO tdi, diie co the hi thiet thdi, ddi xii bat
xiing ddng dupe giao phd eho nhiing cdng viec edng, bdi ke bat tdi ludn tira nhiing thii dogn de
quanttpngvd duong nhien hp eiing xiing ddng ddi phd. Phdn tang khdng hpp thuc ehinh la
LYLUAN CHfNHTRI-So9/2014


EL

NGHICN COTU - PHATTRIEN LV L U A N

bilu hien cua bdt cdng xa hOi, Id hien tupng xa
hditieucue, nd kim ham su phdt triln, la "xiing
xich" tidi budc nhiing tiem nang sdng tgo va
tinhtichcue ciia cdc cd nhan, td ehiic, lam thui
chdt nhiing nang luc thi chdt va tmh thdn cda
nhiing ngudi lao ddng chan chinh. Id nguyin
nhan dan din nhiing bat binh, xung dot, mdu
thuan xd hdi. Trong trudng hpp ddc biet, nd tgo
ra nhiing ddi khang xd hOi ma dmh cao la su
khung hoang, rdi logn xa hdi, do vd xd hdi.

Ddi vdi phan tang xd hdi khdng hpp thiic, can
thilt phai phi phdn nd mdt cdch gay gdt tmde
cdng luan vd hon the niia chiing ta ddi hdi tang
ldp xa hdi "tiln" bdt hop thiie phdi bi xii Iy
nghllm minh trudc phdp lugt Ddng thdi, kiln
tri giao due nhiing ke ludi biing, y lgi phai tu
gide lao dOng, ehii ddng vuon len, tu cdi thien
eudc sdng cho chinh minh, ttong tmdng hpp
dae biet, phai cudng biic, bupc hp phai lao
ddng, cai taoraptcdch nghilm khde.
Duong nhien, ddi vdi nhirng ngudi ngheo
khd, "yeu the", bi tan tdt, rul ro, ddng nhan
khau phu thudc, thieu vdn, thieu tu lieu san
xuat, thieu ky nang, kinh nghilm lao dpng...
cdn dupe euu mang, diim bpc, giiip dd, edn tgo
ra cho hg nhiing dieu kien sinh ke cdn thilt de
ed thi tu vuon len thodt ngheo. Ddi vod nhung
tmdng hpp dae biet, vi du, nhiing gia ffinh
thuong buih lilt sy, ngudi cd cdng vdi nude thi
Ddng va Nha nude, cpng ddng edn din on ddp
nghia theo dung tmyen thdng dgo ly "udng
nude nhd ngudn" ciia dan tpc.
2. Phan tang xa hgi hpp thirc thuc chat la trat
tu cua cong bang xa hgi, la dieu kien, phucmg
thirc va nen tang xa hgi bao dam cho viec thwc
liien cong bang xa hgi; con cong bang xa hgi lgi
la tieu chuan "nh^n loi" cot yeu bin trong ciia
phan tang xa hgi hgp thiic
Thuc hilntienbd xa hdi vd cdng bdng xa hdi
la mptttongede muetieueao ed vd dinh hirdng

LYLUAN CHfNHTRI-So9/2014

xa hdi manh me ciia Chinh phu Vilt Nam sudt
tir khi lap nude den nay. Tuy nhien, dl di din
mdt nhgn thiic diing ddn cflng nhu dua ra cac
giai phap thuc hien mdt each sdt hpp ve cdng
bdngxa hpild ea mdt qud trinh tim tdi vol nhui^
budc di quanh co khiic khu^. Da ed mpt thoi
ky ddi, khdi niem cdng bdng xa hpi chua dupe
nhgn thiic va phdn biet mdt cdch rd rang, ranh
mgch vdl khai niem binh ddng xd hdi.
De khdc phue nhiing vudng mde vl mat
nhgn thuc ly lugn eiing nhu nhung bdt cdp
ttong thirc tiin ve viec thuc hien va dp dyng
nhiing tilu chuan cua cdng bdng xd hOi, edn
thilt phai ddng thai cd nhung nhdn thiic diing
dan ve phdn tdng xa hpi va cdng bdng xa hdi, v^
mdi quan he ban chat gifla ehung. Khdng thg
xdy dung dupe mdt xd hdi phan tang hpp thiic
neu van tdn tai phd bien nhung tilu ehuan v^
nhiing phuong thiie dp dyng phi quy tde vg
cdng bdngtiongxd hdi. Ngupc lgi khdng thi c6
cdng bdng xd hdi nlu ddng nhat phdn tdng xd
hpi ndi chung vdl bat edng bdng xa hdi. Chi mgt
khi nhdn thiic duoc rdng, trong phan tang xa
hdi cd ca phan tang xd hdi hpp thiie vd phan
tang xa hdi khdng hpp thiie,ttongdd phan tdi^
xd hdi hpp thiic la mOt cau tnic bat binh ddng
song dupe xay dungttennhiing nguyen tdc ciia
cdng bdng nhu da phdntichd ttIn mdi cd ca so

khoa hpc dl vira xdy dyng xd hdi phdn tang hgp
thiic vira thue hiln dupe nhiing muc tilu cda
edng bdng xa hdi. De cd thi nhgn thiic diing va
dua ra nhiing giai phap dung nhdm hudng t6l
muctieuxay dung mdt xa hdi cdng bdng (thuc
hiln tiln bd xa hpi, cdng bdng xa hOi) ddi hdi
phai phdt hien vd lim ra mdt diem chung eiia
phan tdng xd hdi hpp thiic vd cdng bdng xd hOi
- dd la "su phu hop", "sy tuong ting".
Trudc het, cdng bdng xd hOi, khdng phdi la sv
ngang bdng nhau mot cdch vd dilu kiln ma 14
mOt su ngang bdng nhau ttong mot mdi quan


m
he, vdi mOt nguyin tdc xdc dinh, dd la ngudi ta tdng hpp thiic. Cung vdi nd, phdn tang xa hdi
se duoc ling xii ngang nhau, nhdn vl minh hpp thifc phai la trat ty, la phuong thiic tdt nhdt
nhung Ipi Ieh ngang nhau, hudng quyin Ipi dl thue hiln cdng bdng xa hdi.
ngang nhau, dupe sdp xIp vdo nhiing vi tri
3. Mgt so kien nghj, giai phap nhdm xay
ngang nhau nlu hp cd tai ndng, diic dp ngang dung mdt sa hgi phan t^ng hgp thiic - ctf sd xa
nhau, cdng hiln, ddng gdp eho xd hpi ngang h5i virng chac cho viec thuc hien cong bang xa
nhau, thyc hien nhting nghia vy ngang nhau. h§i Of Viet Nam hien nay
Cdng bdng d day dupe hiiu dd Id su phii hop Mgt la, cin lam singro ngi dung thuc chit
giiia ndng lyc thyc tiin vdi dia vi xa hOi md hp cua phan tingxi hgi hgp thdc, tdng budc xiy
dam nhiem, giiia nghia vy vattdehnhiem, edng dungva thichehdand.
hiln va hudng thy, sy hy smh, ddng gdp vd sy
Phan tdng xd hdi ludn bao gdm ea phdn tdng
din ddp, cdng lao va su thira nhgn, giiia lam va xa hOi hpp thiic va khdng hpp thiie, vi vdy can
hudng, lao ddng va syttdcdng, giiia tpi dc va sy ed edi nhin bien chirng vd vgch rd dudng phdn

trimg phgt (cd lara thi cd hudng, khdng lam thi ranh giiia hai logi phan tdng ndy. Dilu quan
khdng hudng).
tipng tnrdctienla d chd, edn thira nhdn vd tao
Suiing xii khdc nhau, dai ngO khdc nhau ttIn mpi dieu kiln can thilt cho su khdng dinh ciia
CO sd cda su khdc nhau tirong ung vl tdi nang, phan tang xd hOi hpp thiic, coi dd Id mOt cau
diie do va su ddng gdp, edng hiln cho xd hdi thi tnic tu nhien, hpp quy ludt. Tir do the che hda
dd la cdng bdng xd hdi. Dieu nay cung eo nghia vd lam cho nd dupe van hdnh rapt cdch binh
rdng, nlu ddnh ddng khdi niem edng bdng xd thudng. Chinh su sdp xep va td chiic xa hOi dua
hOi vdi khdi niem binh ddng xd hOi thi that Id tiln CO sd eiia tdi ndng, tri tue, su ddng gop, cdng
mOt sai ldm ddngtile,nd cd thi ddn din nhiing hiln thyc tl ciiaraOica nhan, td chiic cho xa hOi
hp qud xd hOitieueye.
Id sy bdo ddm hop Iy, cdng bdng cho su phdt
Haili, binh ddng xd hOI la mpi sy ngang nhau trien. Mpt ttat ty xd hdi nhu vay se kich thieh
song cdng bdng xd hdi bao hdm cd su khdc dupe tinhticheye cua mpi thdnh vilnttongxd
nhau (sy edng hien, ddng gdp cao thdp khac hOi, tgo ra bO mat nhdn vdn, nhan ban, nhan di
nhau se nhdn dupe nhiing quyen vd Ipi Ich cao tiong xd hpi, phat huy dupe mpi ngudn lyc, su
thdp khdc nhau). Nhung ngudd ed trinh dO, doan kit vd tinh nang ddng, thue day su phdt
ndng lyc khde nhau song lgi dupe ung xii gidng trien ben viing. Qua trinh thi che hdatienCO sd
nhau, ngang bdng nhau thi dd la eao bdng. Id ciia phan tang xa hdi hpp thiic se tgo ra nhiing
bdt edng bdng. Bmh ddng xd hOi Id sir ngang nguyen tde,tieuchi thich hpp dl thue hien su
bdng nhau vl mOt khia cgnh, mOt phuang dien phan phdi, phan phdi Igi mpt each hop ly va
ndo dd giira ngudi ta vdl nhau ma chua xem xet edng bdng ve thu nhap cdng nhu nhtrng ngudn
din hay khdng ddi hdi phai gdn nd vdi rapt phiie Ipi xa hpi tdi ttmg ea nhan va nhdm xd hpi.
quan he hit siic xac dinh vdn khdng ngang
Hai la, can lam ro mattieucue cua phan tang
bdng nhau ve mat nang luc (thi chdt, tri ml). tai xihgikhdnghgp thuc ddng thdi kien quyitdiu
ndng, cdng hiln, ddng gdp thuc tl eiia mdi ed tranh ngan chan, trimg phat cac hanh vi tieu
nhdn cho xd bOi- Vdi mpt cdch hiiu vl edng cuccitaphan tang xa hdi khdng hgp thirc
bdng xd hpi nhu vgy, rd rang rdng, nd phdi Id
Ddi vdi phan tang xd hpi khdng hpp thirc, edn

tieu chuan nhan ldi dl xay dyng xa hOi phdn Iln dn mot each kiln quylt, manh me trudc
LfLUAN CHfNHTRI-So 9/2014


1^

NGHICN C(t\) - P H A T T R I E N L V L U A N

cdng luan, va ddi hdi phai dau ttanh mdt each ngudi ngheo dl hp vucm lin thodt ngheo, nhu
quyet Uet, khdng khoan nhupng cd nhiing che tgo nhieu chd lam viec mdi, cung cdp dich vu
tai dli manh dl ran de, ngan chdn, triing phat thudn tiln de ngudi ngheo dl tiep can, nang
nhdm ddn logi bd nd ra khdi ddi sdng xa hdi. eao nang suat lao ddng, tdng thu nhdp, cdi thiin
Dl ddu ttanh day lui cd hieu qua nhung tdc ddi sdng.
Ben canh dd cdn phdi mgnh dan dau tu eho
hai cua phdn tang xa hpi khdng hop thiic can
dayragnhcdi cdch hanh ehinh nhd nude, gidm ngiroi giau, viing giau, nhung "tam gidc", "hi
thilu cde thii tyc mdm ra, rac rdi; minh bgch giac" kmh tl, nhiing vung "ddng lyc", vung tang
hda cde hogt ddng dich vy, tai chinh, chinh trudng kinh te, nhiing dau tdu kinh tl khoe
sach. Can xdy dyng cho dupe mdt he thdng mgnh, sung man nhdm hd tip cho viing nghio,
phap luat tiln bd, hiln dai, phu hpp vdi thuc ngudi ngheo.
tiln ciia su nghilp ddi mdd. Theo dd la sy gido
Xda ddi, giam ngheo Id su nghiep ciia Dang,
due phdp lugt de lam eho mpi thanh viln ttong Nhd nude eua toan dan,ttongdo ngudd nghio la
xa hpi deu hieu phap luat, tu gidc thye thi phap ehu the. Chinh vi vgy, cimgvdivilcticheye giiip
lugt mOt cdeh nghiem minh. Ddng thdi, timg dd, hd tip ngirdi ng^eo, Dang, Nha nude, cdc
budc lanh mgnh hda, van minh hda edng sd vd doan thi cdn day mgnh viee gido due, ndng cao
dOi ngu edn bd ede cap.
y thiicttdehnhiem, tmh than ty lyc, chii ddng
Ba la, phan tang xi hgi va phin hda giauvupt khd, vuon len thoat nghio ciia ban thdn
ngheo la hai hien tugng vda cd diim chimg, ngudl ngheo. ChittIntinh thdn dd chiing ta moi

chdng lin nhau, vira cd sukhac biet tmmgddi, dgt dupe viing chde mue tieu giam ngheo, xdy
bdi vay, trong ehien lutyc phat triin cin cd dyng mdt xd hdi phdn tdng xa hdi hpp thiic tten
thue tl- mdt xa hpi md ai ai cung tu gidc, nd luc,
nhiing giii phap dong bg.
Phdn tdng xa hpi diin ra mdt cdch phd bien ndng dOng, mOt xa hpi tnmg luu hda, da sd mpi
va kha phiie tgp tiln tat ed cac binh dien, eac ngudi vuon Iln kha gia, sang giau.
linh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hOi, bleu hien rd nhat
Bdnla, can xay dung cho dugc mo hinh phin
la sy phdn hda tdi sdn, phan hoa gidu ngheo. tingxihgihgp thdc, gin nd vdi chinh sichxda
Day Cling Id van de xa hdi biic xuc nhdt edn ed ddi giam nghio ddng thdi phii dat nd trong
phuang sdch giai quyet mdt cdeh diing ddn vd chiin luofcphat triin kmh te-xa hdi tdnght^
hieu qud. Dinh hudngrayctieutdi mdt xa hOi ciia dit nude
cdng bdng ttIn co sd ciia phdn tang xd hpi hop
Xay dung mOt xa hOittInca sd cua phan tdng
thuc ciing cd nghia la diit khodt doan tuyet vdd xd hdi hop thiic ciing cd nghia la chap nhan
chil nghia binh qudn, cao bdng, chap nhgn vd mOt xa hOi cd "cau tnic tang bac", nhung do
lam quen vddraptxa hdiraattongmpt gidi ban khdng phdi la bdt ky cdu tnic tang bdc ndo ma
nhdt dinh ed ke giau, ngudi ngheo nhung chiing la mOt cdu tnic tdng bdc hop thiic dupe xay
ta chu trpng den ca hai, dl ngay mdt nhilu dung tten co sd eua cdng bdng, phdp lugt, dgo
ngudd gidu hon (gidu hpp thuc); va ngdy mdt ly xahdi.
gidm di sd ngudd ngheo, hd ngheo. Trong khi ra Xay dung xa hOi phan tdng hpp thiic khdng
siic khuyen khich ngudi dan lam gidutiencosd the tien hanh rapt cdch dOc lap, rieng rl ma
cua phan tang xa hdi hpp tiiiic thi ddng thdi phai dupe dgt tiong mdt chiln lupc kinh tl Cling can phdi tao nhtrng dilu kien, co hOi cho xd hdi tdng thi ddng thdi phai gdn chdt vdi
LYLUANCHfNHTR!-569/2014


chiln lupc toan diln vl tdng tmdng kinh tl vd kiln, lam viec ed ndng suat, cd chat lupng cao;
xda ddi gidm ngheo eiia ddt nude; "Khuyin nhung doanh nhan tai ba, kmh doanh gidi, dp
khich lam gidu hpp phap di ddi vdi xda ddi dyng cdng nghe - ky thudttientien,giai quylt
giam ngheo. Coi vile mdt bd phdn ddn cu gidu dupe nhilu vile ldm, tgo ra nhilu sdn pham,

mrde Id edn thilt cho su phat triln"'^'. Can ed siic cgnh tianh eao, ddng gdp nhieu eho
phdi thudng xuyIn gdn chat nd vdi thuc hiln ngdn saeh nhd nude eiing nhu nhiing ngudn
cdng bdng xa hOi, ddi chieu vdd nhung nguyin tai chinh cho cdc hogt ddng phiie Ipi xd hdi. Do
tdc, ehi bao, chuan myc cua edng bdng xd hdi. Id nhiing nha quan ly gidi, nhung nhd khoa
Thye hiln tdt dilu nay se tgo ra ddng luc hpc nhieu phdt minh, sdng che, dua ra duoc
mgnh me, thiic day nhd nhd, ngudi ngudd nhirng quy trinh cdng nghe mdi, nhiing cache
vuon lin "ldm eho ngudi ngheo thi du an, qudn ly uu viet, nhung de xuat, kiln nghi thilt
ngudi dli an thi khd gidu, ngudi khd gidu thi thye, mang lgi nhilu loi ieh eho ddt nude. Dd
gidu them"'^', "mdi ngudi, mdi hO diu phan Id nhirng ndng dan Iam dn gidi, nhung chii
dau lam giau cho minh, eho cdng ddng va cho trang tiai ndng dOng, sdng tgo, khai thdc, tan
datnude"'^'.
dyng cd hieu qua tdi nguyen ddt dai, rtmg,
Nhd nude edn tilp tyc xdy dyng, hoan thien bien, sdng, ho va ngudn lao dOng ddi du tir
cdc chinh sdch nhdm tdi can tnic nen kinh te, ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, tao ra nhiing san
phdn bd lgi sdn xudt, sdp xep lai lao dOng, phara cd gia tri eho xa hOi. Do la nhiing thp thu
doanh nghiep, dilu tilt thu nhap, quan he eung cdng, phdt huy ban tay vdng vdl nhting y tudng
cdu, binh dn gid ca mdt sd mat hang thilt yeu vdng tao ra nhtrng san phara ddc ddo mang lgi
nhdra bdo dam cuOc sdng cho ngirdi thu nhdp thuong hieu cd uy tin cao. Dd la nhiing can bO,
thdp, md rpng vd da dgng hda he thdng bao cdng chue dua ra duoc nhilu y tudng cai each,
hilm xd hdi theo phuang hudng tiln loi eho hop ly hda, tdi uu hda cac giai phdp, thii tue
ngudi dan (ddc biet la eho nhdra xa hOi ngheo, hdnh chinh, mang lai nhieu tien ich vd sy hdi
Idng cho ngudi dan...Dd la nhiing si quan,
yeu thi).
Nim li, cin sdm tim ra co che thich hgp chien si qudn dpi, edng an thdng minh, qua
nhim phit hien ra nhdng nhom xi hdi uu trdi. cam, dua ra dupe nhieu nhirng phuong an bdo
nhimg ci nhan uu tii, nang dgng, cd trinh do,ve an ninh, trat tu cd hieu qua.
ning luc linh dao, quan ly va sin xuit - kinh Nhimg cd nhdn, nhdm xd hpi uu trdi trd
doanh gidi, tu dd ed chfnh sach thu hat. dio thdnh nhimg "dau tau", "con chira ddu dan",
tao, sip xip hg vao nhOng vi tri phu hgp dihg tien phong, Idi keo, ddn ddt cdc nhdm xa hdi
phit huy tdt nhit tiim nang tri tue, ddng gdp di Iln. Hp cdn dupe Dang, Nhd nude vd cdc

tich cijre, hiiu qua vio su nghiep ddi mdi vi dodn the nhin nhan mdt cdch diing ddn, danh
gid diing tdi ndng vd cdng lao, tdn vmh kip
phit triin dit nude
Lien quan tryc tiep din cau tine phdn tdng thdi, dung miic; cdn phai ldng nghe nhting
xa hOi hpptiiircla sy xudt hien ngayraptddng tdm tu, nguyen vong ciia hp, theo ddi, thu hut,
ddo nhirng cd nhdn, nhdm xd hdi uu trgi. Hp ddo tao, sdp xep, bd nhiem de ho cd the phdt
la nhiing phdn tu uu tu, nang ddng, tdi hoa huy tdt nhat tilm nang, nhiet huyet cda minh.
nhdt, vupt trOi Un tir cdc giai cap, tang Idp, td Neu hp la doanh nhdn, nha khoa hpe, can cd
chiic xa hdi. Dd Id nhung cdng nhan ed sang nhimg chinh sdch thdng thoang de hp phat
LYLUAN CHfNHTRj-So9/2014


n

NGHilN coru - PHAT TRI^N LV LUAN

huy tdt nhdt ndng lue kmh doanh va kha ndng
sdng tgo. Cdn tgo ra nhting hanh lang, mdi
tmdng, thdng thoang, nhiing uu dai vl thul,
vdn va nhiing chi tdi bao ve nhirng boat ddng
hop phap.
Sau la, tiep tuc ddi mdi co che, chinh sich,
thuc diy hon nda suphit triin cua tang ldp
trung luu
Cdng cude ddi mdi da tgo mdi tmdng thudn
Ipd eho sy phat trien eua mpi tdng ldp xa hdi,
dgc bilt la tang ldp tmng luu. Sy Idn manh
eiia tang Idp nay nhu mOt tat ylu mang tinh
quy luat, dang ddng gdp to Idn vao sy thinh
vupng, edng bdng, dan chii xa hOi va sy phdt

trien ben viing cua dat nude, ddng thdd gdp
phdn tieh cue vdo vile hda gidi nhiing mau
thuan, xung ddt, khdc phue xu hudng dang
ngay mpt phan cue eua xa hOi. Su idn mgnh
cua tdng ldp trung luu la hodn todn phii hop
vdd mye tieu phat tiiln di len eiia ddt nude va
hdi nhap qudc tl. Nd gdp phan thilt thye vdo
qud tiinh ddn chu hda thye hien myetieutien
bd, cdng bdng, van minh, dn dinh xa hdi.
Ddng vd Nha nude cdn cd nhiing chinh saeh
rOng rad, thdng thoang hon niia nhdm thiie
day su phdt triln ciia tdng ldp tnmg luu. Cdn
bd sung tang ldp tnmg luu vao khdi nln tang
ciia xd hdi d Viet Nam hien nay. Chi tren nln
tang ciia mOt xd hgi tmng luu hda, mdt xa hOi
ma da sd thanh viln tiong xa hdi ed cudc sdng
kha gia, trinh dp hpc van cao, dupe ddo tgo
nghe nghilp thdnh thgo, ed y thiic chinh tri,
dgo diic, tham my, phap ludt tdt, ed tuih thdn
sang tgo, chii ddng hpe hdi vuon len, Iam chii
dupe ban thdn minh, lam chii dupe xa hOi...
chung ta mdi cd du nhting co sd xd hdi va
niem tin de xay dyng va thyc hien dupe tren
thuc tl muc tieu edng bdng tiong xa hOi.
Biy la, can sdm xay dung mgt bg chi bio
danh gia, he thdng luang thudng phii hgp vdi
LfLUANCHfNHTRI-So9/2014

tai ning, ddc dd vi mde cdng hidn, ddng gdp
Ciia mdi ea nhan, td ehdc

Cdi each thi che la mdt ttong nhung nhilm
vyttpngyen mang tinh dot pha cua sy nghiep
cdi cdch xa hdi d Viet Nam hien nay. Trong
nhiing yeu kem, Igc hau, chdng cheo ciia
nhirng van bdn phdp lugt thi cdc chi bdo ddnh
gid, chi dp luong thudng la mdt tiong nhiing
vdn dl cdn it dupe ban din song lgi ed nhilu
bdt cap nhdt, lge hau nhdt. Trong linh vuc nay,
cdn thieu nhilu nhiing bd chi bdo, tieu chuan
dl ddnh gid, xem xet, phdn logi, xep hgng can
bd, cdng chiic, doanh nhan, nghe nhan, nha
khoa hpc... hodc dd cd thi cdn thieu nhiing chi
bdo dinh lupng rd rang, minh bgch gdy kho
khan, nhiiu lognttongddnh gid, binh xet. Dieu
nay da lam suy gidm, thgm ehi thutieunhiing
ddng lye, tinhtichcue va nang lyc sang tao eiia
ngudi lao ddng, ddng thdd dung tiing eho
nhting ke trye lgi, ludi biing, gay biic xuc ttong
xd hdi. Dl khde phue tinh trgng tten, can
nghiin ciiu cho dupe mOt bd chi bdo qudc gia
ve cac tieu chuan danh gia, xep loai nggch bgc,
chiic danh nghi nghipp, danh hiiu xd hdi, ehi
dp luong thudng mdt cdch khoa hpc, khdch
quan, edng bdng. Ciing vdi nd la nhirng hogt
ddng tuyen tmyen, phd biln, thdng tin, gido
due, tmyln thdng sau rOng tdi mpi tang ldp xa
hdi lam cho mpi ngudd diu hiiu vd ty gidc thirc
hien mdt each nghilm tiic D

(1) DCSVN: Van kien Hdi nghi d$i biiu toin qudc

giiia nhiem ky khoa VII, Nxb Suthdt, HdNOi, 1994,
ti.47
(2) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap, t. 5, Nxb Chinh tti qudc
gia, HaNdi,2002,tt.65
(3) DCSVN: Vdn k}$n D0 hdi d^i biiu toin qudclSti
thiiX, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Hd Ngi, 2006, tt.U7.