Báo cáo " Động cơ học chữ viết của người HMông tin lành" pptx

DONG
CO HOC
CHQ
VIET
CUA NGUOI HMONG TIN LANH
Le Van Hao
Vien Tdm ly hoc.
I.
Dat van de
Truyen thuyet cho thay dudng nhu ngudi Hmdng da tirng cd chir viet,
nhung sau bi mat va hg tin rang tir dd cugc sdng
ciia
hg trd
nen
co
cue.
Mat chii
nen bi ngudi Han chiem dat, bdi vay ngudi Hmdng cd cau tho than rang: "Vi
ngudi Meo ta khdng biet chu; Thua kien ngudi Han ta mdi di". Dd'i vdi nhieu
ngudi
Hmdng, mat chii la mat dat, mat ngudi lanh dao va cugc sdng'bat dau roi
vao canh ngheo hen, tdi tam. Hg tin rang, mudn ddi ddi, mudn cd cugc sdng am
no,
hanh phiic, mudn dugc
blnh
dang vdi cac dan tgc khac thi
phai
cd chir viet.
Cudi nhiing nam 50, dau nhiing nam 60 the ky trudc, ngudi Hmdng Viet Nam
cd mgt by vgng vi cd
"cKii

Hmdng Bac Ho" "chir Hmdng Viet Nam" (Ld Giang
Pao,
2004). Nhung cam giac by vgng "ngudi Meo ta cd chir rdi" dd nhanh
chdng
t£fn
di. Theo Triin Hiiu Son (1996, tr. 196) thi toan tinh Lao
Cai
thdi
diem 1996 sd ngudi biet va sir dung thanh thao chir Hmdng nay
chi
cdn vai
tram ngudi tren tdng sd
110.000
ngudi Hmdng.
Chii
yeu sd ngudi dd la can bg
tri thiic dugc dao tao trong phong trao hgc
chii
Hmgng ram rd dau thap ky 60
the ky trudc. Dau nam
1990,
buyen
Bao Yen cd tdi gan
5.000
ngudi Hmdng
mdi
tlm
dugc 2 can bg biet chii' Hmgng. Chir Hmdng la mgt yeu to mdi tham
nhap vao xa hdi Hmdng trong mgt thdi gian ngan va khdng dugc sir dung
nen

trd thanh "tir ngir" cdn rat it ngudi biet va sir dung. Thuc te khao sat
ciia chting
tdi d 2 tinh Lai Chau va Dien Bien
cQng
cho thay ket qua tuong tu. Trong
khoang 40 can bg ca'p tinh. buyen va xa ma chiing toi da cd dip tiep
xiic,
cbi
cd
mot can bg dan van ngudi Hmdng d huyen Mudng Cha, Dien Bien la dgc va
viet dugc chir Hmdng La tinh.
Dao Tin Lanh tdn tai d nhieu dia phuong cd ngudi Hmdng sinh sdng trai
dai tir mien niii phia Bac xudng
tiln phia
Tay Thanh Hoa, Nghe An va Tay
Nguyen. Cau hdi dirt ra la tai sao "phong trao" hgc chir Hmdng "mdi"
chi
bieu
hien rd d nhiing noi cd nhieu ba con chuyen dao? Dieu gi thiic daiy bg hgc chir
viet "mdi" dd trong khi chuong
tiinh
giao
due
pho thdng lai khd tao dugc mgt
"phong trao" nhu vay?
14
TAP CHI TAM
Ly
HOC, Sd 2
(1

31),
2 -
2010
2.
Mau nghien ciru va phuong phap
Tdng quan cac tai lieu nghien
ciiu
trong nhirng nam qua cho thay 2 tinh
Dien Bien (giap Lao) va Lai Chau (giap Trung Qud'c) cd sd lugng ngudi
Hmdng theo Tin Lanh ddng hon ca'". Dien Bien cd 2 buyen dugc chgn la
huyen bien gidi Mudng Cha (giap Lao) va buyen Dien Bien Ddng. Mdi huyen
tuong irng lai chgn ra mgt xa la Mudng Muon va xa Pu Nhi. Tuong tu Lai Chau
cd 2 huyen dugc chgn la buyen bien gidi Phong Tho (giap huyen Kim Blnh,
Van Nam, Trung Qud'c) va huyen Sin Ho (cd sd lugng ngudi theo Tin Lanh
ddng nha't tinh). Trong 2 huyen nay cd 2 xa dugc chgn la xa Tung Qua
Lin
va
xa Hong Thu. Cac huyen xa tren dugc chgn theo phuong phap phan tang va
theo mot sd
tidu
chi nha't dinh.
Phuong phap nghien
ciiu chii
dao la phdng van sau
va
quan sat tren co
sd "3 ciing" (an, d, tham gia cac budi sinh boat tdn giao vao budi tdi tai dia
phuong). Tdng cdng trong toan
miu
cd 71 ngudi bao gdm ca nhirng ngudi

trudng nhdm. tich
cue,
da tirng la can bg dia phuong dang theo dao. 26 ngudi
da tirng theo dao nhung nay bd sinh boat va 42 ngudi la can bg cac cap.
Qua trinh thu thap dii lieu dugc tien hanh trong 3 dgt dien da trong
khoang thdi gian khdng lien tuc tir thang 4/2005 den thang 7/2006. Trung blnh
mdi cugc dien da keo dai khoang 2 tuan.
3.
Mgt sd
iiet
qua ban dau
3.1.
Hau
nhit
nhd nao cung co Kinh thanh vd nhieu ngudi biet doc
Viec cau nguyen tai gia va dgc Kinh thanh cd lien quan tdi nhau. Thuc
te hau nhu
gia
dinh nao
khi
dugc hdi ciing cho xem Kinh thanh
chii
yeu bang
tieng Hmdng ggi la
Vdng
Lao Cu, mgt sd bd (thudng la trudng nhdm hoac
nhirng ngudi tich
cue)
cd ca Kinh thanh bang tieng phd thdng do Nha xuat ban
Tdn giao in tai Ha

Ngi.
Danh gia
ciia
mgt ngudi dan dug d Tung Qua Lin rang
''mdi
ngudi mgt quyen thi chua
dii
nhung
hdii
nhu gia dinh ndo cung
cd""
(nam.
36 tudi, Tung Qua Lin) hoac cd khi
la
may quyen (thudng gia dinh ngudi
Hmdng ddng nhan
khaiu)
la
diing
vdi thuc te khao sat
ciia
toan
mSu
chgn.
Trong qua trinh phdng van sau, sau khi biet
gia
dinh cd sach Kinh thanh, chiing
tdi deu de nghi hg lay ra cho xem. Mgt vai gia
dinh
hoi bat ngd va ai ngai khi

dugc de nghi nhu vay. Sau khi trao ddi bang tieng Hmdng vdi nhau va dugc
giai thich la se khdng bi "lay mat", hau nhu tat ca nhirng gia dinh nao cd deu
mang ra cho xem. Ngoai Kinh thanh cdn cd cac cudn sach giao ly can ban hay
Chuang
trinh
thdphugng
(danh cho phu
nu'
Tin Lanh, thanh
men
Tin Lanh ).
Rat nhieu trudng hgp chiing toi de nghi ngudi dugc phdng van dgc thir mgt
doan ma anh/chi ta thich nhat. Nhieu ngudi, phan
Idn
thudc nhdm tre tuoi ca
nam
lin
nu, hao
hiing,
phan khdi doc cho nghe, sau dd mgt vai ngudi thao tieng
phd thdng cdn dich lai cho nghe. Da sd
ngudi
gia deu khdng dgc duoc, nhung
TAP CHI
TAM
Ly
HOC,
Sd 2
(131).
2 -

2010
da sd thanh
thieu men
cd kha nang dgc,
hieu.
Trong sd nhiing ngudi da dugc
phdng van, cd khoang 1/3 sd ngudi dgc kha thanh thao theo
tidu
chi (i) kha trgi
chay va
(li)
khdng
can
chi tay. Khoang 1/3 dgc cham, phai chi tay tirng ddng
hay
chii.
Sd cdn lai hoan toan khdng dgc dugc. Luu y rang Kinh thanh la mgt
loai
sach dich va rat khd dgc, khd hieu vdi ca ngudi cd hgc van cao.
Ndi
ve sach Kinh thanh va dgc sach
Kinh
thanh nhirng ngudi dugc
phdng van bay td cam xiic bang cac tir nhu "thich nhieu lam", "dgc sach thich
lam" hoac "minh dgc dugc va cung thich nhung vg nd cdn thich hon". Mgt vat
phu nu thich dgc "Chuong trinh thd phugng" (danh cho
phii
nir Tin Lanh) nhu
ngudi phu nir dudi day: /
"Minh dgc quyen

''Chiumg
trinh thd
phuc/ng"
(ddnh cho phu nu Tin
Ldnh).
Ngay ndo cung dgc, luc toi,
hie
nghi ngai, khi dn cam toi xong dgc mgt
luc mdi
ngil.
Minh
chi
cd mgt quyen. Doan
rido
minh cung thich " (nii, 34 tuoi,
Tung Qua Lin).
3.2. Sach thanh ca
dugc
phu nu
vd
thanh nien yeu thich
Ngoai sach Kinh thanh, hg cdn cd cac cudn sach mdng hon ghi nhiing
bai thanh ca.
Khi
dugc dd nghi hat cho nghe mgt bai, mgt sd ngudi tre tuoi
hoac phu nir trung
tuoi
khdng ngan ngai hat ngay, rat tu
nhidn,
tham

chi
cdn hat
tdi 2, 3
bai.
Cd mgt hai trudng hgp, phai de nghi hg mdi dirng lai. Bai
"Chiia
bay yeu thuong chiing con" la
bai
dugc nhieu ngudi biet den va hay hat. Quan
sat, tlm hieu them thi thay, tuy
chi
cd mgt sd hg cd
ti
vi nhung rat nhieu hg lai
cd dau DVD Trung Qud'c. Hg giai thich rang khgng du
tidn
mua ca hai
nen
chgn mua dau DVD de xem dugc ca bang ca nhac va phim bang tieng Hmdng.
Ngudn bang dTa nay da sd deu cd ngudn gd'c
nude
ngoai, trudng hgp Pu Nhi
thi
da sd tir Minesota (My), noi cd ddng dao ngudi Hmdng ra di tir Lao de'n sinh
sdng tir sau
1975.
Tuy dung vao dip World Cup d
Due
(thang 6/2006) nhung d
Tung Qua Lin khdng ai biet gi ve su kien dd ngoai mgt so anh em bd

ddi
d don
bien phdng
281
ddng
trdn
dia ban xa.
Buoi
tdi d nha, trudng ban Hang Trg A va
B,
xa Pu Nhi ciing hay md
phim
hoac ca nhac cho tre con va ngudi
Idn
xem ra't
ddng, rat cham
chii,
say
me
tudng chirng khdng gl cd the
diit
ra dugc. Chuong
trinh
VTVl
va
giai
tri d VTV3 hiiu nhu khdng thu
hiit
dugc
sir chii

y
ciia
ngudi
dan d day. Khi dugc
hdi
cd bao gid xem va cd thich cac chuong trinh giai tri
ciia
VTV3 khdng, mgt sd ndi rang "dd la chuong trinh danh cho ngudi thanh
phd, mien
xudi
thdi". Ly do
chii
yeu la vi
nhidu
ngudi Hmdng, nha't la
phir
nir
va ngudi gia khdng nghe va ndi dugc tieng pho thdng nen xem ti vi "chang
khac gi xem dai nude ngoai, khdng bidu gi ca". "Ngudi Hmdng d day chi thich
cac bang ca nhac,
phim ciia
ngudi Hmdng (hai ngoai) nay thdi".
Nhu cau dac biet cua ngudi Hmdng ve chu viet la dieu cd the hieu dugc.
Kinh thanh va thanh ca
ciia
dao Tin Lanh la ta't ca nhirng gi hg cd trong tay va
16 TAP CHITAM
Ly
HOC,
Sd2

(131), 2 - 2010
cac an phaim nay deu
in
bang tieng
Tlmdng
La tinh. Vay, hg se dgc gi neu
khgng
phai
la Kmh thanh? Cd the ndi rang ddi vdi nhieu ngudi Hmdng d 4 xa
da nghien cuu, cuon sdch ddu tien trong ddi md hg dgc khi
Idn
dau tien biet
chu Hmdng chinh
Id
Kinh thdnh. Mgt thuc
tedang
suy
nghi
cho nhieu ngudi.
Su "hap dan"
ciia
Kinh thanh va thanh ca ciing vdi cac sinh boat cau
nguyen cd ve nhu da tao ra mgt phong trao hgc chir Hmgng La tinh nhu mgt he
qua
ciia
viec chuyen dao ma chiing toi se ban ky d phan sau.
3.3. Chuyen dao vd chii viet cua ngudi Hmdng
""Phong
trdo""
hgc chu Hmdng La tinh

Nhu da trinh bay, hau nhu cac gia dinh deu cd sach Kinh thanh va nhieu
ngudi dgc dugc
true
tiep bang tieng Hmgng. Sach thanh ca cung ha'p dan phu
nii va thanh nien. Cau
hdi
dat ra la ye'u td nao da din den hanh vi nay?
Chung ta biet rang khac
vdi
Cdng
giao.
Tin Lanh de cao vi tri Kinh
thanh, coi dd la chuain muc duy nha't
ciia giao
ly va
diic
tin.
Dieu dac biet la Tin
Lanh khdng coi Kinh thanh la quyen sach chi cd hang giao
sT
mdi cd quyen rao
giang. Ngugc lai, la tin dd ai
cQng
cd
quydn
dgc true tiep, hieu theo
each
cua
minh va thuc hanh theo
Idi

Chiia. Cach thuc hanh nay cang lam cho mdi quan
he giira tin dd va Chiia cua hg trd
ndn
true tiep, don gian va gan gui hon. He
qua la no khuyen khich nhung ngudi theo Tin Ldnh tu dgc Kinh thdnh. Den
lugt
minh, viec khuyen khich dgc Kinh thanh mgt each true tiep lai dap
ling
nhu
cau, khat vgng cd chir viet de dugc blnh dang
vdi
cac dan tdc khac, de "cd
sir
hieu biet nhu ngudi ta". Hgc chir Hmdng vi vay trd thanh mgt dgng co. Tuy rat
than trgng, nhung khi dugc hdi ve van de nay, cac can bg dia phuong deu cho
rang viec hgc chir Hmdng La
tinh*"*
dang
Id
mgt phong trdo d nhirng ngudi
Hmdng theo Tin Lanh tai dia phuong ma hg cdng tac. Dieu nay dugc nhieu
ngudi Hmdng theo Tin Lanh khing dinh. Vi du, mgt ngudi dan dug (da tirng
tham gia khang chien chd'ng Phap), vg chet
nen
d vdi con trai. Ong ndi ve con
trai minh:
"Nd cd sdch Kinh thdnh bang tieng Hmdng, cd sdch thdnh ca. Nghe nd
dgc, nd hdt. Tdi ve
rid
thap den, doc chu

xemg
nd cdn
lidt
nua, nd ndi cd sdch
thi mdi hdt dugc the'dd'y
"
(nam, 62 tuoi, Mudng Muon).
Tuy chua cd thd'ng ke chinh thirc va udc lugng
ciia
nhung ngudi trong
cugc ve sd lugng ngudi theo Tin Lanh biet chir Hmdng La tinh d tirng xa cd
khac nhau, nhung deu cd diem chung la nhieu ngudi, nhat la
Idp
tre biet dgc va
viet chir Hmdng La tinh.
'"Nhd
ndo theo cung biet dgc hei, mdi nhd khoang vdi ngudi biei
dgc""
(nam, 36 tuoi, Mudng Muon).
TAPCHITAMLynOCSd
2 (131), 2-2010 17
"Bdn
ndy 10 thi
chi
1,
2 ngudi khdng dgc dugc chu
TInumg.
Phu nu thi
JU
ngifdi

phdi 5 ngucfi dgc dugc. Chu Hmdng
tidy di
Idm,
5-6 thdng
Id
dgc
thodi
nidi.
Em cdn viei thu thodi mdi tula. Ndm 93 - 94 theo Chiia, den ndm
1995
em dd doc thodi mdi rdi ma" (nam, 28
tuoi.
Hong Thu).
"Thanh
nien 10 dua thi chi 1 dua khdng biet
chuHmcmg
then.
Chiing nd
viei thu cho nhau (con gdi con trai day) todn bang tieng Hmdng thdi. Nhung
yeu nhau
chi
viei thu thdi
klwng
dugc
ngii
vdi nhau. Nhieu dua dgc. viet dugc
chilHmdng
Idm""
(nam, 54
tuoi.

Hong Thu).
Tuy nhien, se la thien lech khi ndi rang chi cd thanh
nidn
mdi tich cue
tham gia "phong trao" hgc tieng Hmdng La
tinh,
bdi
rat nhieu em gai, phu nir d
cac
liia tudi
khac nhau tham gia. Trudng hgp dien hlnh la mot phu nir cd tudi d
Tung Qua Lin. Ba nam nay 56
tudi,
khdng dgc, viet, ndi, nghe dugc tieng pho
thdng. Chua he di hgc d trudng bao gid. Sau khi theo Vang
Trii'
Tin Lanh 2
nam, ba dgc dugc sach Kinh thanh, tuy cdn phai chi tay nhung kha thanh thao.
Khi dugc de nghi hat mgt bai Kinh thanh, ba hat
lidn
3 bai, thugc
Idng
2 bai, 1
bai
phai
nhln sach. Tat
nhidn,
ciing cd ngudi dgc, hieu va "giang dugc cho ba
con nghe". nhung nhirng ngudi khac thi "dgc dugc nhung khdng hieu ma'y".
Anh Thao A Ly, can bg dan van buyen Mudng Cha cho rang cd khoang 50 -

60%
sd ngudi tir 14 - 15 tuoi trd
Idn
d nhirng ban theo dao biet chir Hmdng La
tinh. Cd le con so nay cung gan vdi thuc te d cac xa khac ma chiing tdi da
nghien
ciiu.
Anh cho biet them la hg thich viet thu cho nhau giira nhirng
viing
theo dao. Thu nay toan viet bang chii Hmdng. Khac vdi nhirng ban nay, nhirng
ban khdng theo Vang
Trii
- Tin Lanh thi hau nhu rat it ngudi biet tieng Hmdng.
Nhu ta thay, ddng co hgc chir Hmdng khdng
chi
de dgc Kinh thanh ma cdn de
giao tiep thu tir vdi nhau (mgt nhu cau thudng gap d thanh nien) hoac de hgc
hat cac bai thanh ca. Cd mot sd em thieu nien cdn ndi lam ca tho bang tieng
Hmdng La tinh. Dieu
thii
hai la theo nhirng ngudi dugc phdng van, chir Hmdng
nay rat de hgc, tham chi chi
can
"xem nhieu bang" (cd tua de hoac chay chir
nhu hat Karaoke) la "ciing cd the biet dugc thdi ma".
Chu Hmdng Viet Nam vd "chu Hmdng La tinh "
Cd ve nhu khat vgng cd chir viet
ciia
mgt
dan'tgc

da
tii'ng
"bi mat" chir
viet it nha't 2 lan (mgt lan theo truyen thuyet va mgt lan
viio
nhirng nam 60
ciia
the ky trudc) lai dugc the hien mgt lan
ntra,
it nha't la trong
mhx
chgn
ciia
nghien
ciiu
nay.
Theo cac thdng tin tdng hgp tren cac website lien quan den van hoa dan
tdc Hmdng
( /> thi hien cd
2 he thd'ng
chu'
viet
chii
yeu la Hmdng trang va Hmdng xanh (Hmong Daw va
Hmong
Njua)
cd the hieu
lln
nhau.
Sir

khac biet nay
Idn
hon chiit it so vdi su
khac
biet
giira tieng Anh
diing
d Anh va tieng Anh
diing
d My. Nhu the. ngudi
TAP
CHI
TAM
Ly
HOC, Sd 2
(131).
2 -
2010
Hmdng khdng cd mot
phidn
ban chii viet thd'ng nha't cho tat ca cac cdng ddng d
cac
qude
gia khac nhau. Chir Hmdng La tinh
(Romanized
Popular'"
Alphabet/RPA)
dugc cac nha truyen
giao
tao ra vao

1952
vdi muc dich truyen
giao.
Nd ra ddi trudc chii Hmdng Viet Nam nhung ba con
ggi
"chir Hmong
mdi"
chac vi hg mdi biet den nd trong nhirng nam
gan
day. Phat am
ciia
chii
Hmdng nay gan vdi phat am cua nhdm Hmdng trang. Phan
Idn
cac tir
dien
tieng Hmdng
trdn
the gidi the hien ngdn ngii
ciia
nhdm Hmdng trang.
Cd the dat cau hdi: tai sao
lai
cd phong trao hgc chir Hmgng La tinh ma
khdng phai la chu Hmdng Viet Nam? Mac
dii
mgt sd noi dang nd luc khdi
phuc chu Hmdng Viet Nam, nhung thuc te d Pu Nhi, mgt trong 4 xa nghien ciru
cho thay tinh hlnh khgng may lac quan. Chiing ta hay nghe cau chuyen cua mgt
cd giao ban Hang Trg B xa Pu Nhi. Cd ndi qua

Idi phidn
dich
ciia
chdng:
"Sdch
ndy (chi cuon sdch dang cdm tren tay) do Sd Gido
diic
ddo tao
Dien Bien sogn,
cd
3 tap, em chi day tap 3, tap khd nhat con 2 tap kia do cdc
cd gido ndi tieng Kinh day. Vi em phdt dm chuan
hem
nen nhd trudng hgp ddng
em day. Lap em day
ci't
10 em thi chi cd 3, 4 dua thich hgc chu Hmdng ndy
thdi. Cluing nd bdo
Id
chd Hmdng
Viet
Nam khdng chuan may, hgc xong nd
viet khdng chinh
.xdc.
Nhd truiyng
chdng
day gi nhung md da so' hgc sinh
Idn
deu biet
chil

Hmdng La tinh.
10
em thi cung 6, 7 em bie't (chu Hmdng La
tinh).
No xem qua bdng, dTa cung hgc dugc. Nd di theo dao nen chiu khd hgc chu
Hmdng men lam, nd hgc rat chuan. Em day a lap chiing nd bdo sao cd khdng
day chung em
chil
Hmdng mdi ay, chung em thich
hem""
(Cd giao, 31 tudi,
ngudi Hmdng trang, Pu Nhi).
Tdm lai, d nhirng xa nghien
cii-u
dudng nhu cd mgt phong trao hgc chir
Hmdng mdi, mgt phong trao kha sau, rgng va mang tinh tu nguyen nen cd hieu
qua. Theo chiing tdi, cd it nhat 2 yeu td anh hudng den ddng
lire
hgc chir
Hmdng La tinh d nhiing ngudi theo dao Tin Lanh.
Nguyen nhan
thii
nhat nam trong chinh dac diem
ciia
dao Tin Lanh, mdt
tdn giao khuyen khich tin dd
true
tiep dgc Kinh thanh va thuc hanh theo
Idi
Chiia ma khdng can phai chd dgi muc su, nhung ngudi cdn vang bdng d 4 xa

chiing tdi da nghien
ciiu.
Mudn
lam
dugc dieu dd thi phai biet chir. Khi tu dgc
dugc rdi, mgt sd ngudi (thudng la nhirng ngudi tich cue. nhdm trudng hay thanh
nien cd hgc van tdt
ho'n)
cd xu hudng thudng xuyen tham chieu, dan giai nhung
dieu cu the tir sach Kinh thanh. Dieu nay phan anh mgt
miic
do nhau thuc mdi,
khdng chi cdn
Id
nghe ngUdi khdc ndi, nghe ddi ndi, md mgt sd ngudi dd cd khd
nang
tit
tim hieu gido ly, tham
chieii
nd khi cdn thiei.
Nguyen nhan
thii
hai la khdng the
phii
nhan mdi lien he va vai trd anh
hudng
ciia
cong ddng
1 Imdng
d My (phiin

Idn
ra di tir Bac Lao, viing gan bien
gidi
tinh Son La va Dien Bien) thdng qua cac san pham van hoa
ciia
hg. Lam
TAP CHI
TAM
Ly
HOC.
Sd 2
(131).
2
^ 2010
chil dugc chii Hmdng La
tinh
cho phep nhung ngudi Hmdng Viet Nam tiep can
dugc
vdi
cac san phaim van boa
ciia
cdng ddng Hmdng d
nhidu nude
khac. Khi
khai
thac thdng tin tren Internet, chiing tdi thay rang hien dang cd rat nhieu
website bang tieng Hmdng vdi nhirng thdng tin, hlnh anh ly thu ve cugc sdng
kinh te, xa hdi van boa
ciia ngudi
Hmdng khap

noi
tren the gidi, dac
biet
la Bac
My va Australia. Ban cd the cd dugc tir dien Hmdng-Anh, Anh-Hmdng,
b^n
cd
the vao chuong trinh hgc tieng Hmdng
trdn
mang nhirng dieu
chk
chan se
thu
hiit
nhdm thanh nien Hmdng neu hg cd
cO
hgi tiep can. Ngoai ra, biet chu
Tlmdng La tinh cung tao cam giac dugc giao tiep, gin ket vdi mgt cdng ddng
ngudi Hmdng ddng dao, rgng
Idn
trdn the gidi, chu khdng phai chi cdn bd hep,
biet lap d cac viing niii Tay Bac Viet Nam.
Chi cd thdi gian mdi khang dinh dugc rang "phong trao" nay se tdn tai
hay mang tinh nha't thdi. Nhung
dii
the nao thi
viec
hgc chir viet nhu vay se cd
nhieu tac ddng ve mat van hoa, xa hgi va tam ly cua ngudi Hmdng. Phong each
hgc tap, tu duy, giao

tiep
cua nen van hoa cd chu
viet
va khdng cd chir viet
(truyen mieng) rat khac nhau. Vi the cua phu nir Hmdng cung cd the bi anh
hudng. Chac chan cac van de nay can phai cd nhirng
ngbidn ciiu
tiep theo mdi
cd the tra
Idi
mgt
each
tha'u dao.
Chu thich
1.
Dien Bien co
20.257
nguai;
Lai Chau co 14.924
nguoi;
Cao Bang co 9.721 nguoi: Lao Cai:
7.193;
Bac Kan: 6.895; Ha Giang:
5.605;
Thanh Hoa: 4.479 nguoi (Nguyen Thanh Xuan,
2005).
2.
Nhieu nguai tham gia phong van
gpi
voi cai ten khac nhau theo

each
hieu khac nhau la
"tieng Hmong La tinh", "tieng Hmong
moi"
(de: phan biet voi tieng Hmong Viet Nam ra doi
cuoi nhung nam 1960) "tieng Hmong Vang
Trii"
(vi la chir duoc diing trong cac tai lieu Kinh
thanh, thanh ca Vang
Trii
- Tin Lanh). Tai nhien cac thong tin nay
dtu
thieu chinh xac nhung
do la nhan thiic cua ba con.
3.
Co website
chii
giai P la practical.
Tai lieu tham khao
1.
Nguyin
Thanh Xuan (2005). Mot so dgc diem tinh
hinh
ton
gido dViet
Nam. Tap
chi
Cong
tac xa hoi. so 1/2005.
2.

Lo Giang Pao (2004), Mot ngifdi Bd Y tham gia sdng lao chu
I
Imdng
dViet
Nam, Tap
chi
Van hoa Cac dan
toe.
Hoi VHNT cac dan
toe
thieu so Viet Nam, So 8 (128),, tr.
11-12
3.
Tran HCru
Son
(1996),
\dn hod Hmdng. XXB Van hoa dan
toe.
Ha Noi, tr 55-56.
20 TAP CHI
TAM
Ly
HOC,
Sd 2 (131), 2 - 2010