Internet of Thing_Assignment 01

INTERNET OF THINGS
Assignment 01

HUỲNH TRẦN ANH KHOA/GCS200252

CLASS: GCS0903A
Teacher: Nguyễn Văn Sơn


Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business
Student Name/ID Number:

Huỳnh Trần Anh Khoa / GCS200252

Unit Number and Title:

Unit 43 – Internet of Things

Academic Year:

2021

Unit Assessor:

Tran Trong Minh

Assignment Title:

Assignment 1 – Internet of Things

Issue Date:
Submission Date:

August 17th 2022

Internal Verifier Name:
Date:

August 17th 2022

Submission Format:
Format:

This assignment is an Individual assignment and specifically including 1 document:
You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at
1.3. Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference
follows Harvard referencing system. The recommended word limit is 2.000-2.500 words. You
will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit. The cover page of the report has to
be the Assignment front sheet 1.

Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by
the Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on
/>Note:

The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from

books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you
must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly,
and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get fail
Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications
LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools,
hardware and APIs
LO3 Develop an IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and services.
LO4 Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact
on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when integrating into
the wider IoT ecosystem
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
You currently work as a product developer for a new startup where you design IoT products for the
consumer, corporate, government and defence clients. As part of your role your manager has tasked you
to plan and develop a new IoT product, service or application for a potential client. You are required to
identify a target user and conduct tests with this user and include this feedback into multiple iterative
versions of your product.
Part 1 (Assignment 1):: For the first part, you must:
•
•

Plan an IoT application for a specific target end user and the tests you intend to conduct with this
user. This plan will be in the form of a document and will include supporting evidence and material,
such as user personas and customer journey maps.
Create multiple iterations of your application and modify each iteration with enhancements
gathered from user feedback and experimentation. This will follow the pathway outlined in your
plan.(log book,)

Part 2 (Assignment 2): For the first part, you must:
•
•

Show evidence about Developed IoT application using any combination of hardware, software,
data, platforms and services (video or images of your IoT system with code snippet)
Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential
impact on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when
integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem


Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria
Pass

Merit

Distinction

LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications

P1 Explore various forms of IoT M1 Evaluate the impact of
functionality.
common IoT architecture,
frameworks, tools, hardware and
APIs in the software development
P2 Review standard
lifecycle.
architecture, frameworks,
tools, hardware and APIs
available for use in IoT
development.

D1 Evaluate specific forms of IoT
architecture and justify their

usage when designing software
applications.

M2 Evaluate the impact of
common IoT architecture,
frameworks, tools, hardware and
APIs in IoT security.

LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools,
hardware and APIs
P3 Investigate architecture,
frameworks, tools, hardware
and API techniques available to
develop IoT applications.
P4 Determine a specific
problem to solve using IoT.

M3 Select the most appropriate
IoT architecture, frameworks, tools,
hardware and API techniques to
include in an application to solve
this problem.
M4 Apply your selected techniques
to create an IoT application
development plan.

D2 Make multiple iterations plan
of your IoT application and modify
each iteration to improve your IoT
application security.

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification

TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title

Unit 43: Internet of Things

Submission date

August 17th 2022

Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date

August 17th 2022

Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name

Huỳnh Trần Anh Khoa

Student ID

GCS200252

Class

GCS0903A

Assessor name

Nguyễn Văn Sơn

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I un
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature
Grading grid
P1

P2

P3

P4

M1

M2

M3

M4

D1


❒ Summative Feedback:

Grade:

❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Assessor Signature:

Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

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Table of Contents
Contents
Assignment Brief 1 (RQF) ................................................................................................................................... 1
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business .......................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................................. 6
P1 Explore various forms of IoT functionality.................................................................................................. 8
1)

Definition ................................................................................................................................................ 8

2)

How does IOT Work? ............................................................................................................................. 9

3)

Application of IOT ................................................................................................................................ 11
a)

Health................................................................................................................................................ 11

b)

Smart home ...................................................................................................................................... 11

c)

Smart Car .......................................................................................................................................... 12

d) Smart City ......................................................................................................................................... 12
e)

Agricultural IoT ................................................................................................................................. 12

4)

Real World Application of IoT.............................................................................................................. 12

5)

IoT characteristics ................................................................................................................................ 13

P2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT
development. .................................................................................................................................................. 14
1)

IOT architecture. .................................................................................................................................. 14

2)

IOT framework ..................................................................................................................................... 14

3)

IOT Tools. .............................................................................................................................................. 14

4)

IOT hardware........................................................................................................................................ 14

5)

IOT API .................................................................................................................................................. 14

P3 Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT
applications. .................................................................................................................................................... 15
1)

IOT architecture. .................................................................................................................................. 15

a) Perception ............................................................................................................................................ 15
b) Transport ............................................................................................................................................. 15
c) Processing............................................................................................................................................. 16
d) Application ........................................................................................................................................... 16
e) Business................................................................................................................................................ 16

2) IOT frameworks ....................................................................................................................................... 16
a) Definition ............................................................................................................................................. 16
b) Main Components of IOT Framework. ............................................................................................... 17
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c) List of IoT Framework. ......................................................................................................................... 18
3)

IOT tools ............................................................................................................................................... 19
a) 2 Tessel ................................................................................................................................................. 20
b) IoT Eclipse ............................................................................................................................................ 20
c) Arduino ................................................................................................................................................. 20
d) Mainspring by M2M Labs .................................................................................................................... 20
e) IoT Platform ......................................................................................................................................... 21
f) Kinoma .................................................................................................................................................. 21
g) Hive device ........................................................................................................................................... 21
h) Kaax ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
i) Home Assistant ..................................................................................................................................... 21
j) Net ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
k) Raspbian ............................................................................................................................................... 21

4) IOT hardware. .......................................................................................................................................... 22
5) API in IOT. ................................................................................................................................................. 22

a) IoT's API Types. .................................................................................................................................... 23
b) The important role of APIs in the IoT. ................................................................................................ 23
c) The benefits of API in IOT. ................................................................................................................... 24
P4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT...................................................................................... 25

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P1 Explore various forms of IoT functionality.
1) Definition
The phrase "Internet of Things" often refers to circumstances where network connectivity and processing
capabilities extend to objects, sensors, and commonplace items not typically considered computers,
enabling these devices to generate, distribute, and consume data with little to no human intervention. But
there isn't a single, all-encompassing description.

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Figure 01: IOT ( Internet of Things)
2) How does IOT Work?
The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that employ embedded
systems, such as processors, sensors, and communication equipment, to collect, send, and act on the data
they receive from their environment. IoT devices communicate the sensor data they gather by connecting
to an IoT gateway or other edge device, which either transmits data to the cloud for analysis or analyzes it
locally. These devices occasionally communicate with other, comparable devices and take action based on
the information they exchange. Although users may interact with the gadgets to set them up, give them
instructions, or retrieve the data, the majority of the work is done by the devices without their assistance.
- These IoT applications have a significant impact on the connection, networking, and communication
protocols used by these web-enabled devices.
- To assist in simplifying and enhancing the dynamic nature of data collecting operations, IoT may also

make use of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI).

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Figure 02: How IOT Work

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3) Application of IOT

Figure 03: Application of IOT
a) Health
Doctors can keep an eye on a patient's status outside of the hospital by using wearables or sensors
attached to the patient. The Internet of Things assists in enhancing patient care and preventing fatal
occurrences in high-risk patients by continually monitoring certain metrics and sending automated
warnings on their vital signs.
Another use is the incorporation of IoT technology into hospital beds, resulting in smart beds that are fitted
with specialized sensors to monitor vital indicators like blood pressure, body temperature, and oximeter,
among other things.
b) Smart home
You will be able to open the door for friends while you are still at work, put on the air conditioner and hot
water heater before arriving home, and even turn off the lights. To make people's life easier and more
convenient, businesses are designing and manufacturing things in large quantities. The IoT trend
development ladder's innovative rung is the smart home. Smart homes are predicted to surpass the
current popularity of smartphones.
Homeowners must spend a lot of money on house ownership in order to live in such a smart home. It is
anticipated that products in smart homes would reduce time, energy, and cost.
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c) Smart Car
Automakers are no longer primarily concerned with improving a vehicle's internal operations. They now
want to maximize user pleasure while improving the in-car experience.
A linked vehicle enhances performance, upkeep, and passenger comfort. Large companies working on the
next revolution in the car industry include BMW, Tesla, and others.
d) Smart City
Many people are curious about the IoT application of the smart city. The internet of applications for smart
cities includes things like smart monitoring, automated transportation, improved energy management
systems, water distribution, urban security, and environmental monitoring. IoT assists in addressing issues
that arise in large cities, such as energy shortage, transportation congestion, and environmental pollution.
Smart garbage cans that tell the sanitation service when they need to be cleaned up are an example of a
technology that makes use of mobile connectivity.
We can simply discover gas stations, shops, restaurants, or even free parking spaces by downloading the
app and using smart devices. Additionally, sensors that can immediately identify interference, malfunction,
or installation issues are used to protect the electrical system.
e) Agricultural IoT
The population is continuing to grow, which implies that there is a significant growth in food consumption.
Farmers may use cutting-edge technology and novel methods to boost agricultural output. IoT applications
in smart agriculture appear to be expanding the quickest.
Farmers use the knowledge they get to make informed investment choices, which helps them avoid the
present "good harvest, terrible crop" predicament. The regulation of plant development is greatly aided by
sensors that measure soil moisture, nutrients, and water absorption. These sensors enable producers to
calculate and tailor the required fertilizer dosage.
4) Real World Application of IoT
The use of IoT technology expands the personal experience area in vehicles.
A new age for the automobile industry has begun with the advent of digital technologies. Thanks to the IoT
and the most cutting-edge set of smart features of the 4.0 age, consumers may now own and take part in
more delightful adventures.

IoT applications and technologies to help the creation of driver monitoring systems
The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the tracking of a driver's position as well as the monitoring and analysis
of driver behavior, cabin state, and sophisticated vision technologies. As a result, this system is able to
detect occupants in the cabin or assess safety regulations from the driver's seat position, giving timely
warnings to the driver and averting unanticipated mishaps. It can also observe if the driver is attentive or
fatigued, pleased, sad, or furious.
Software management and update for vehicles (FOTA)
Firmware updates can be made via FOTA (Firmware Through-The-Air), a remote software management
solution, over a wireless channel like WiFi or GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), a mobile data service.
This tool is frequently used in the automobile industry to replace outdated firmware and upgrade new
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features of the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) electronic control unit of the car. As a consequence, auto
owners don't need to go to a dealer or service center to quickly change the software in their vehicle using a
smartphone.
Offer an entertainment system
Information systems are incorporating smart applications to offer navigation, telephony, and in-car
entertainment. In order to incorporate its apps like Google Maps, Play Store, and Google Assistant into the
car's infotainment system, Google has teamed with a number of automakers. Similar to that, certain midto high-end vehicles also employ Apple CarPlay.
The majority of in-car entertainment systems nowadays are linked to an external Internet device, such a
smartphone, giving the driver access to directions, on-demand media, and a variety of other things. other
mobile online connection services.
Driver assistance technology (ADAS)
The digital automobile cockpit not only gives the driver and passengers a wonderfully intimate experience,
but it also makes it easier for the car and outside equipment to communicate with one another. The digital
cockpit system's Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) features rely on picture data of other road
users collected by a combination multi-function camera and sensors placed around the body of the vehicle.
ADAS recognizes possible hazards based on the data and either sends warnings or proactively intervenes in

situations.
5) IoT characteristics
Connectivity. There isn't really much else to say about this. There needs to be a link between several levels
with everything going on in IoT hardware and devices, with sensors and other electronics, connected
hardware, and control systems.
Things. Anything that may be identified or linked is intended to be linked. connected livestock and
domestic equipment to sensors. Sensors may be built into gadgets or connected to other objects or
devices.
Data. The Internet of Things is held together by data, which also serves as the foundation for intelligence
and action.
Communication. Devices link so they may interact and exchange data, which can then be examined. Short
lengths or extended to extremely long distances can be used for communication. Wi-Fi, LPWA network
technologies like LoRa or NB-IoT are a few examples.
Intelligence. the element of intelligence found in IoT devices' sensing capabilities and the knowledge
gained via big data analytics (also artificial intelligence).
Action. as a result of intellect. This might involve human action, action based on discussions of phenomena
(such as smart manufacturing decisions), and automation, which is frequently the most crucial component.
Ecosystem. the position of the Internet of Things in relation to other technologies, communities,
objectives, and the overall picture. the necessity for strong alliances, the platform dimension, and the
Internet of Everything dimension.

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P2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT
development.
1) IOT architecture.
In its most basic form, IoT architecture is a combination of layers, sensors, protocols, actuators, and cloud
services. IoT architecture is sophisticated and involves four levels. This number aims to progressively
combine these many sorts of components into a sophisticated and well-functioning network.

• Advantages:
- Simplify and reduce the cost of edge computing
devices.
- A gateway can act as a hub for numerous data
protocols and wireless connections.
- Protocols that give the outside world a unified
front.
- It is easier to monitor and control things as a
whole than it is to engage with each component
separately.
- Gateways provide more protection than objects
and may control what data is sent to the Internet.
- Simple IoT integration of old devices.

• Disadvantages
- Adding another "Tier" makes integration more
difficult.
- Resources are still kept locally rather than being
accessed over the cloud.
- A second potential site of failure

2) IOT framework
For an IoT framework to be reliable and trustworthy, a minimal set of requirements must be satisfied in
order to achieve integration and interoperability. These frameworks cover a broad spectrum of IoT
research areas, from academic to organizational, and they all have as their common theme the integration
of objects in IoT. Given that the IoT paradigm is still developing, we propose a list of baseline standards that
IoT frameworks for integration must adhere to.
3) IOT Tools.
OT Tools are the name given to the Internet of Things tools. It is an assortment of devices, vehicles,
equipment with embedded electronics, household appliances, buildings, and other things. This makes it

easier to collect and communicate different kinds of data. Another advantage is the capability of
controlling the devices remotely through a network.
4) IOT hardware.
IoT hardware includes a variety of devices, such as sensors, bridges, and routing tools. These Internet of
Things (IoT) gadgets regulate crucial operations and characteristics including system activation, security,
action definitions, communication, and the detection of support-specific goals and deeds.
5) IOT API
An API—a collection of processes, protocols, and tools—is employed for the creation of software
applications. APIs are intimately tied to the Internet of Things because they allow you to safely expose
connected devices to consumers, go-to-market channels, and other applications in your IT infrastructure
(IoT). It is more important than ever to create flexible, scalable, and secure API administration since APIs
connect important "things" like cars, medical devices, smart grids, and thermostats to your ecosystem.
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P3 Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT
applications.
1) IOT architecture.
- The hardware, networks, and cloud technologies that provide interoperability amongst IoT devices make
up the IoT architecture. A basic IoT architecture consists of three layers:
• Observation (the sensors, gadgets, and other devices)
• Community (the connectivity between devices)
• Utilization (the layer the user interacts with)
- These layers collect and process data to support IoT devices. By including the translation of data into
usable information, this architecture goes beyond the OSI model. These insights enable firms to act quickly
thanks to automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.
- Additionally, the IoT architecture may be described using three or five tiers. The three-layer model is well
known for being simple to understand, however it leaves out certain important details on how the data is
used. The breakdown of each layer's roles and importance is shown below.
a) Perception

- The perception layer serves as a representation of the actual physical IoT devices. Security systems,
robots, self-driving automobiles, lighting systems, and health monitoring are a few examples of this. Each
IoT device collects information that must be handled.
- IoT sensors are cost-effective and capable of collecting hundreds of various data points for processing.
Depending on the goals of the organization, different information will be collected. For instance,
agricultural IoT sensors may collect atmospheric data, moisture levels, solid temperature, and airflow to
boost crop output and profitability.
b) Transport
- Transferring acquired data to an edge device or the cloud for processing is the responsibility of the
transport layer. The transport layer uses internet gateways to convey data from the physical perception
layer into the processing phase.
- Administrators routinely send data across cellular and Wi-Fi networks via the transport layer. At current
time, system administrators can utilize the following technologies:
+ Cellular 4G LTE / 5G
+ Wi-Fi
+ Bluetooth
+ Low-Power Wide-Area Networks
- To design their own IoT architecture, administrators can combine and match several transport protocols.
In the end, the transport protocol you select must be able to properly support data from the sensor to the
closest internet gateway. We explore further in-depth on this concept in our piece on IoT connection.

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c) Processing
- Once data reaches the cloud or edge device, the server may transform it into information. Artificial
intelligence and machine learning are used in modern IoT systems, which provide value by analyzing this
data.
-By comparing the present temperature to its reference temperature, artificial intelligence may, for
instance, identify anomalies such as a high temperature variance recorded by an IoT sensor. The server

may be able to direct the HVAC system to lower the temperature and resolve the issue in this scenario.
d) Application
- Processing is often done without the involvement of humans, but when certain requirements are
completed or thresholds are exceeded, humans still need to tell the server what to do. At the application
layer of their IoT architecture, administrators manage IoT device orchestration, create rule sets, and form
service-level agreements.
-If you've ever used an app to turn on the lights in your home, you've used the application layer. Reliable
IoT designs use the application layer to monitor and manage their networks from a single dashboard. This
centralization decreases complexity, boosting efficiency and security, particularly in business IoT networks.
e) Business
- The last layer we reach is the business layer, where data is transformed into business intelligence that
directs decision-making. Executives and stakeholders can utilize the information obtained at the
application layer to make better business decisions.
- The business layer frequently employs reports and real-time dashboards for business intelligence. Data
obtained from the application layer can be improved further through further integrations. Business
intelligence analysts, for instance, can identify cost reductions by comparing power use before and after
the installation of smart lighting sensors.
2) IOT frameworks
- An extensive IoT ecosystem, which supports and links all components of the system, is essential to the
success of IoT. It makes it possible for devices to be managed, controls software and hardware connection
protocols, collects and analyzes data, improves information flow, and improves the performance of
intelligent apps.
- When enormous volumes of data are being created and transferred across several devices, there typically
has to be a central area where everything is gathered and merged.
- This specific point is vital in a network because it collects all the data and makes it possible to understand
freshly created data.
a) Definition
-The Internet of Things (IoT) Framework is a network of various connected devices that communicate with
one another online. These Internet-connected gadgets often communicate and detect data with a
minimum of human interaction.

- Communication between connected devices is made possible via the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture.
The fact that it is referred to as the "Internet of Things" framework, or, to put it another way, the
framework that enables object communication with one another through the Internet, should not come as
a surprise.
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Figure 04: IOT Framework

-The Internet of Things framework is a key element of technology in the modern world, with applications in
nearly every industry. One of the IoT's main applications, for instance, is the creation of smart homes.
- A wide range of physical things, including vending machines, electrical equipment, security and alarm
systems, and thermostats, are developed using the IoT framework idea.
b) Main Components of IOT Framework.

Figure 05: Components of IOT Framework
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- The four key components of the IoT Framework are described below:
Device Hardware:
An grasp of architecture at the most basic level is necessary for the IoT framework's device hardware. The
user must also be knowledgeable about how the different micro-controllers and sensors function.
This IoT framework component is made up of hardware components including sensors, microcontrollers,
and controllers.
Device Software
- In order for the device software of the IoT framework to function as intended, the supplied writing
programs must setup the controller and then be utilized remotely. The user must have a basic grasp of
both how programming libraries are normally made and how an API works inside microcontrollers.
Cloud platform and communication

- The cloud platform is one of the key elements of the IoT architecture. It necessitates a comprehensive
comprehension of all wired and wireless communication methods. The user must also be knowledgeable
about how cloud computing works and how to integrate IoT devices.
- As a conclusion, we can state that the communication and cloud platform of the IoT Framework is the
location of all talks.
Web-based application
- The main components of a type of software program known as a cloud application are those that can be
accessed more quickly and readily. These elements might be hosted locally or even in the cloud. The cloud
application enhances the system, enabling it to reach its full potential.
-In other words, a cloud application integrates all of the local hardware devices and cloud-based devices
through the written implementation of an IoT framework.
c) List of IoT Framework.
We will now go through each section of the IoT Framework in detail.
KAA IoT
- Kaa IoT is one of the greatest and most complete open source Internet of Things cloud platforms, allowing
anybody to use their ideas for smart products without restriction. On this platform, it is possible to have N
linked devices that can interact with one another. You may offer real-time machine monitoring by setting
up remote devices. Kaa enables the IoT Cloud, information and visualization systems, as well as other
elements of IoT Ecosystems.
IoT Cloud Connect from Cisco
- Cisco IoT Cloud Connect provides the business with highly secure, automated, and dependable
communication. To collect, transfer, and compute the data, the Cisco Kinetic IoT platform manages IoT
data. Cisco adopts a secure IoT architecture to protect IoT deployment from assaults since it is highly
renowned for its security services.
IoT ZETTA
Using the Siren hypermedia-API-strip flow-based reactive programming paradigm, NodeJS, and REST, Zetta
is nothing more than a server-oriented platform. After being abstracted as REST APIs, they are connected
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to cloud services. These online resources for presenting machine data and support include Splunk and
other software. It establishes a geo-distributed network by linking endpoints like Arduino and Linux hackers
to platforms like Heroku.
IoT Salesforce
- The force behind Salesforce. Businesses can now access previously unknown ideas thanks to Thunder, and
everyone can take proactive, tailored actions from any device to become even closer to their consumers
than before. More than 150,000 clients used Salesforce all across the world. Salesforce has a 19.7% market
share in the CRM industry. Oracle (9.1%), SAP (12.1%), and Microsoft (6.2%) behind their nearest rivals by a
significant margin. Many businesses now develop their apps on the Salesforce platform or migrate to
Salesforce. As a result, Salesforce has a greater requirement for administrators and developers.
DeviceHive IoT
- DeviceHive is a reliable IoT open-source platform that is provided under the Apache 2.0 license and is
available for free use and modification. It includes Kubernetes and Docker deployment options and is
available for both public and private clouds to download and use. Machine learning and batch analysis are
options that go beyond the capabilities of your device. DeviceHive supports several libraries, including iOS
and Android.

3) IOT tools
- Internet of Things Tools are referred to as "IoT Tools." It is an assortment of devices, vehicles, equipment
with embedded electronics, household appliances, buildings, and other things. This makes it easier to
collect and communicate different kinds of data. Another advantage is the capability of controlling the
devices remotely through a network.
- IoT has taken over the IT industry and is the newest term in today's internet-driven culture. It has opened
up a lot of new possibilities for companies and IoT developers. Several incredible things have been
produced as a result of the development of IoT apps. In order to help IoT developers create cutting-edge
IoT devices and apps, Internet of Things solution providers are creating hardware and software designs.
- The following is a discussion of a few IoT tools and gadgets:

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Figure 06: IOT tool and hardware
a) 2 Tessel
- It is employed to create fundamental IoT prototypes and apps. It assists thanks to the many modules and
sensors it has. A developer may access Ethernet, Wi-Fi, two USB ports, a micro USB port, 32MB of Flash,
and 64MB of RAM with the Tessel 2 board. It is also possible to integrate more modules, such as cameras,
accelerometers, RFID, GPS, etc.
- Tessel 2 is able to support Node.JS and utilise its libraries. It has two processors and uses 48MHz Atmel
SAMD21 and 580 hardware.
-Coprocessor MediaTek MT7620n, MHz. High-speed firmware programs may be executed using one CPU,
while the other aids in effective power management and input/output control.
b) IoT Eclipse
- The user can use this tool or instrument to develop, adopt, and promote open source IoT technology. It
excels in creating gateways, Cloud platforms, and IoT devices. Eclipse backs several IoT-related projects.
These projects include frameworks and services for applications, tools for the Lua programming language,
which is promoted as the ideal one for IoT, and open-source implementations of IoT protocols.
c) Arduino
- The Italian-based IT business Arduino creates microcontroller boards and interactive items. It is a free and
open-source hardware and software IoT prototyping platform. Hardware requirements for interactive
electronics are possible, while software choices include the Integrated Development Environment (IDE). It
is the recommended IDE among all IoT development tools. This platform's use is simple and convenient.
d) Mainspring by M2M Labs
- It functions as an IoT platform as well as an open source application framework. Machine-to-machine
(M2M) systems are developed using it, and these systems may be utilized for remote monitoring and fleet
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management. Configurable device modeling, data validation and normalization, device configuration, and
data retrieval processes are just a few of the functionalities that are provided. It is based on Java, NoSQL,
Apache, and Cassandra databases.

e) IoT Platform
- It is a general-purpose IoT IDE. Included is the integrated debugger. It is the best for developing mobile
apps and offers a friendly IoT environment for developers. A developer can install the IDE as a plugin or as
a port on the Atom editor. It is compatible with more than 400 embedded boards and contains more than
20 programming frameworks and platforms. It has a wonderful UI and is easy to use.
f) Kinoma
- It serves as a platform for hardware prototyping for Marvell semiconductors. It enables three different
efforts. For these projects, there are two items available. Element Board by Kinoma, created. Electronic and
IoT-enabled devices are prototyped using a hardware kit called Kinoma Create. A speaker, a microphone, a
touch screen, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), built-in Wi-Fi, and other essential auxiliary components are all
included in the kit. Element Board is the name of the smallest IoT product platform powered by JavaScript.
It is perfectly suited for applications like smart home technologies, security, automation, and sensors.
g) Hive device
- It is based on Data Art's AllJoyn. It is an open-source, free machine-to-machine (M2M) communication
framework. The greatest platform for developing IoT applications, it was established in 2012 and is widely
used. It is remote controlled using a cloud-based API regardless of the network configuration. Its libraries,
protocols, and administration site all have similar restrictions. It is perfectly suited for applications like
smart home technologies, security, automation, and sensors.
h) Kaax
- It provides whole support for Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the cloud. Its versatile
middleware enables users to build connected apps, IoT applications, and other smart products. Open
source kit may connect to any hardware, including sensors, gateways, and other devices, because it is
"hardware agnostic," in Kaax's words. It facilitates cross-platform compatibility and helps developers
provide remote firmware updates.
i) Home Assistant
- This open source program is mostly used for Python-based tasks and home automation. IoT system
control is supported via mobile and desktop browsers. It is highly renowned for its slick performance,
privacy safeguards, security, and ease of setup. Systems using Python 3 can use it.
j) Net
- It offers a full solution for IoT developers. It offers services including cloud integration and corporate

intelligence.
k) Raspbian
This IDE was created specifically for the Raspberry Pi hardware. With the aid of precompiled software, it
supports more than 35 000 packages and allows for speedy installation. Not the parent company, but IoT
tech enthusiasts created it. This is presently the finest IDE for working with the Raspberry Pi.
- As a conclusion, this essay has only covered a small portion of the hardware and tools used in the Internet
of Things. The developers may research and produce cutting-edge IoT apps and devices with the aid of
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these technologies and hardware. You may use these tools to further your IoT profession and advance the
IoT development community.
4) IOT hardware.
- IoT IoT hardware can have a variety of components. The hardware components that may be employed
include low-power boards, single-board processors like the Arduino Uno, which are essentially small boards
that can be put into mainboards to enhance and boost their usefulness by bringing forth certain tasks or
capabilities (such as GPS, light and heat sensors, or interactive displays). Before constructing a circuit to
illustrate how these inputs and outputs interact, a programmer defines the inputs and outputs on a board.
-The Raspberry Pi 2 is a well-known Internet of Things device that is a tiny, incredibly inexpensive computer
that can act as a full-featured web server. It is usually referred to as "RasPi," and it has the processing
power and memory to run Windows 10 and IoT Core simultaneously. Particularly when Python is the
programming language, RasPi offers outstanding processing capability.
- The BeagleBoard is a single-board computer that runs a Linux-based operating system and has an ARM
CPU, which is more powerful than the RasPi's. For larger-scale manufacturing, Intel's Galileo and Edison
boards are also viable options, while Qualcomm has created a range of enterprise-level IoT solutions for
anything from cars and cameras to healthcare.
5) API in IOT.
- The term "API" often refers to the standardized resources, protocols, and structures that control the most
popular mobile and online apps. It describes the communication standards that each application
component must follow while sending data.

-APIs used in the creation of IoT systems are known as IoT APIs. They are the web services' application
programming interfaces. They function similarly and make use of HTTP as a conduit to facilitate easy data
exchange. Using the IoT API, developers can easily mix complicated apps with other web services.
-IoT APIs improve the end-user experience in a variety of ways. People may easily browse the internet, for
instance, and upload a lot of applications.

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Figure 07: API in IOT
a) IoT's API Types.
- There are many different IoT APIs available to aid in all facets of IoT development. The primary API types
are listed in the list below.
• SOAP
- SOAP APIs are necessary for the development of IoT devices because they make it easier to establish a
communication channel between servers and clients. The API only allows XML to be used for data
transport.
• REST
- IoT REST APIs allow HTTP data transmission and keep IoT devices connected to the outside world. These
architecturally based APIs feature characteristics such as readily manipulable interfaces, quick resource
identification during requests, and interface simplicity.
• XML and JSON
- JSON and XML IoT APIs utilize less bandwidth and are a little more conventional than SOAP APIs.
b) The important role of APIs in the IoT.
- What makes APIs crucial for IoT and any other device/software is their capacity to efficiently leverage preexisting functionality to ensure seamless software processing while relieving developers of the need to
continuously reprogram.
- Too many actors are involved in the IoT world, which makes regular communication necessary. Because it
is totally possible to combine different IoT components with one another, the process may be finished
utilizing APIs.

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- The use of APIs empowers the IoT world and opens up a vast array of new development and integration
possibilities.
- IoT APIs offer unparalleled flexibility, making them excellent tools for technological development.
- When it comes to cybersecurity, APIs are essential since they provide developers control over access
requests. This limited and restricted access reduces the likelihood of a DDoS attack.
- When all of this is considered, it's easy to get to the conclusion that the IoT sector is in danger of
collapsing due to decreased productivity and increased security risks.
c) The benefits of API in IOT.
- IoT is a well-liked technology that is more likely to stick around than one may think. Poor API
administration will make it difficult for enterprises and end users to use IoT devices, therefore the degree
of API management determines how well these devices are used. the following:
-Effective management and handling of IoT devices may provide developers the freedom to select which
API to use and when to revoke access. Developers are permitted to specify one or more connectivity
requirements for apps and IoT devices.
-Continuous API monitoring is a crucial element in the procedure that helps with early identification of any
unanticipated caveats and failure risks.
- It offers a clear picture of the use and value of IoT APIs.
-Deeper insights into the developer experience with the API may be achieved if one compares the standard
experience and offers an end-user experience to find the gaps.
- It gives details on API scalability, use quotas, and throttling, so IoT programming that has to use an API in
an emergency is fully supported.
- Updating API versions is now easier than ever thanks to good management practices and frequent version
releases.

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