Tác động cảu đăng ký trực tuyến giao dịch bảo đảm hoạt động cho vay của ngân hàng thương mại pdf

(J)hdp
iuat ea
^eanh
nghiip
86
6 (219)-2010
TAC DdNG
CUA
DANG KY TRUC TUYEN
GIAO DICH DAO DAM
OCfl VA HOAT
DONG
CHO VAY CUA NGAN HANG THUDNG MAI
C
hi cin cd mdt may
tinh ndi mang
internet, nhan vien
ngan hang cd the thUc hien
dang ky, tra cdu thdng tin ve
giao dich bao dam vao mpi
thdi diem va d bat cd dau (tai
van phdng, tru sd khach hang,
quan cafe hoac bat cd ndi dau
tren the gidi) la mpt vien cinh
ly tUdng. Vien canh nay sap
trd thanh hien thiic
khi
Bd Tu
phap dang tich
ciic
chuan bi

ca ve dieu
kien
vat chat, giai
phap cdng nghe lan cd sd phap
ly (xay dUng
dii
thao Nghi
dinh thay
the
Nghi dinh so'
08/2000/ND-CP va
dii
thao
Thdng tu ve thd tuc dang ky
triic tuyen), de trien khai cd
che dang ky tnic tuyen giao
dich bao dam bang dpng san.
Cd the ndi rang, so
vdi
cac
cd che hanh chfnh dien td
dUdc dng dung nda
vdi
theo
each
nop ddn qua mang de
"xep gach", cdn giai quyet van
bang hd sd giay, qua nhieu
• DUONG THANH MINH *
khau thu cdng (vf du, thu tuc

dang ky kinh doanh), thi cd
che dang ky giao dich bao dam
dupc cdng nghe hda thd tuc
giai quye't, ket ndi triic tuyen
va tUdng tac hai chieu dii lieu
la cd che triic tuyen ddng
nghia nhat va dUdng nhien la
thd tuc hanh chinh cai
each
nhat cua Viet Nam hien nay.
Sau day, bai
viet
nay
chi
xin
de cap de'n
tie
ddng cda viec
trien khai dang ky giao dich
bao dam triic tuyen dd'i vdi
hdat ddng cho vay cda cac
ngan hang thUdng mai va mdt
Sd trad ddi, khuyen nghi.
1.
Tac dong cua cd che
1.
1. Thdi gian
Id
vdng
Nhan thdc dUdc rang, van

ban cung cap thdng tin ve
giao
dich bao dam la "mdt kenh de
tim hieu, tham dinh khach
hang va tinh trang phap ly
cua tai san", dang ky giao dich
bao dam la "mdt cdng cu phap
ly de cdng bd cdng khai, xac
lap va bao ve quyen cda chd
nd"i.
Do dd, ngan hang nen
yeu ciu cung cap thdng
tin
ngay sau khi nhan dUdc yeu
ciu vay vdn, phuc vu cho boat
ddng tham dinh va tiep tuc
yeu ciu cung cap thdng tin
trUdc khi ky ket hdp ddng bao
dim, du phdng trUdng hdp cd
sii
bien ddng thdng tin ve giao
dich bao dam trong khoang
thdi gian td lin cung cap
thdng tin
trUde,
den thdi diem
nay, thi cd the biet dUdc de
quye't dinh ky ket hdp ddng
bao dam va cho vay hay
khdng. TrUdng hdp hdp ddng

bid dim dUdc ky ket, thi nen
thiic hien dang ky ngay de
cdng
bd
va xac lap cang sdm
cang td't quyen chd nd, trinh
kha nang cd giao dich khac
hoac dang ky giao dich bao
dam khac cda ngUdi thd ba
dd'i vdi tai san bao dim "xen
ngang" dan den nguy cd lam
mat quyen Uu tien cda ngan
hang.
Tuy nhien, trong thiic te do
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
*
Ban Phap che
-
BAOVIET
Bank
(Pkitfi ladl
ea
dearth
nghiip.
86
6 (219)-2010
viec
yeu ciu dang ky, yeu ciu
cung cap thdng tin phai thUc
hien bang ddn giay, qua cac

phUdng thdc truyen thdng va
vdi nhieu thd tuc thu cdng,
nen
thdi
gian thUc hien cdn
dai.
Cu the, mdt sd'ngan hang
d gin trung tam dang ky va
chpn phUdng thdc den triic
tiep yeu cau va nhan ket qua
dang ky, cung cap thdng tin,
thi cd the rdt ngan dUdc chdt
ft thdi gian nhUng lai phat
sinh them nhan
lUc,
chi phf,
thdi gian
di lai, thdi gian chd
ddi
giai
quyet, Cdn dd'i vdi
da Sd cac ngan hang do d xa
hdac khdng den triic tiep,
phii
gdi ddn yeu ciu qua fax hoac
bUu dien. Trong dd, phUdng
thdc fax chi ap dung dd'i vdi
khach hang thUdng xuyen va
kha nang fax hdng, fax ldi ldn,
mat nhieu thdi gian lien he,

hdan thien; cdn neu qua
dUdng bUu dien thi ciing mat
td 3 den 7 ngay chuyen phat,
tiiy vao dich vu thU thdng
thudng, thu bid dim hay
chuyen phat nhanh. Sau khi
nhan dUdc ddn yeu ciu, cd
quan dang ky ciing mat mdt
khdang thdi gian (trdng thdi
ban dang ky, cung cap thdng
tin) de thUc
hien
nhieu cdng
viec,
trdng dd dang ke la nhap
thu cdng dii lieu dang ky hdac
nhap thii cdng dii lieu tra
cdu.
trfch xuat thdng tm,
Cudi
cdng, lai mat mpt khoang thdi
gian cho qua trinh bUu dien
chuyen phat thU bao dim
chda ket qua dang ky, cung
cap thdng tin cho ngUdi yeu
ciu.
Day chfnh la nguyen nhan
khien ngan hang thUdng mai
cdn ft sd dung "kenh de tim
hieu, tham dinh"

nay^,
bdi
tfnh kip thdi cda thdng tin
chua dap dng dUdc,
dae
biet la
trdng bdi cinh phai nhanh
chdng, ddn gian ve thd tuc
trong boat dpng cap vdn cda td
ehdc
tfn dung (ddng
thdi
la
yeu td canh tranh). Cdn dd'i
vdi dang ky giad dich bio
dim, neu an dinh la dieu kien
de giai ngan, thi ciing tUdng
tu nhu cac ly dd tren, cd the
lam mat cd
hdi
kinh doanh,
tinh canh tranh cua ngan
hang, nen nhieu ldc thu tuc
nay chUa dUpc chd trpng, phat
huy y nghia to ldn cua nd.
Qua thUc te tren cho thay,
viec dng dung cd che dang ky,
cung cap thdng tin triic tuyen
se rut ngan thdi gian cua
nhiing thu tuc nay, phat huy

tdi da tinh kip thdi, y nghia
canh bao, cdng bd' cdng khai,
xac lap va bid ve quyen chd
nd cua ngan hang; tad dieu
kien
cho td
ehdc
nay nam bat
cac cd hdi kmh doanh va bio
ve quyen,
Ipi
fch cua minh,
day chinh la "vang" thed ddng
nghia den lan nghia bdng.
1.2. Thu tuc bdng cu.
nhap chuoi, tiet kiem chi
phi khong
16
Nhu da neu d tren, so vdi
quy trinh dang ky, cung cap
thdng tin trUc tuyen, thi quy
trinh mang tfnh thu cdng hien
nay chUa thUc sU ddn giin,
thuan
tien
va bdc
Id
nhieu han
che hdn nhU: Mat nhieu cdng
sdc cua ca

ngUdi
yeu cau dang
ky va dang ky vien; phat
sinh
nhieu chi phi hanh chinh cda
ca ngan hang va cd quan dang
ky.
Dieu
nay the hien qua cac
budc cd bin cda quy trinh vdi
mmh hpa sau:
-
NgUdi
yeu ciu dang ky;
(i)
Ke khai thdng tm vao ddn va
nop ddn yeu cau dang ky (trUc
tiep,
qua dUdng bUu dien hdac
fax);
(ii) ndp le phi (triic
tiep,
qua dUdng bUu
dien
hoac thu
tuc chuyen khdin);
- Cd quan dang ky:
(i)
Nhan ddn (trUc tiep hdac qua
dudng bUu dien) hay in ddn td

he thdng fax (neu
gdi
ddn qua
fax);
(li) neu ddn hdp le thi
phdto ddn de chiing nhan da
dang ky va
lUu
trii; neu ddn
khdng hdp le thi yeu ciu
khach hang hdan thien (qua
dien thoai, van ban, ) hoac
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
^hiup luql
ea
Deanh ngltilp
86
6 (219)-2010
td chdi dang ky (cd van bin td
chdi);
(iii) dang ky vien nhap
thu cdng nhiing thdng tin ke
khai trong ddn yeu ciu dang
ky vao cd sd dii
lieu
(trong
thiic te cd nhiing phu
luc
dai
hang chuc trang vdi hang

nghin loai tai sin phai mat
nhieu ngay mdi nhap xong);
(iv) tra ket qua dang ky hoac
van bin td chdi
(trUe
tiep hoac
qua dudng bUu dien).
Vdi cd che dang ky trUc
tuyen, ngUdi yeu ciu tU ke
khai tren giao dien dien td va
ehi cin mpt cd nhap chudt,
yeu ciu dang ky, yeu cau cung
cap thdng tin se ngay tdc khac
chuyen den cd quan dang ky,
ddng thdi he thdng se
tii
ddng
tinh va thu phi, le phf td tai
khoan cua ngUdi yeu ciu. Sau
khi thdng tin dUdc xd ly, npi
dung dang ky dUdc chuyen
vao cd sd dii lieu de
lUu
giii va
cdng khai (neu yeu ciu dang
ky),
ndi dung thdng tin se
dUde
trfch xuat (neu yeu ciu
cung cap thdng tin) va ket qua

dang ky, van bin cung cap
thdng tin dUdc he thdng
chuyen tra chd ngUdi yeu ciu.
Nhu vay, nhieu thao tic thu
cdng, "cd bap"; nhieu chi phf
hanh chfnh (trong dd cd ca
nhan
liic)
khdng nhd cho viec
hen he qua dien thoai, nhan,
in, sao,
luu
ddn, gdi
-
nhan ket
qua (fax, bUu dien, ), chi -
nhan phi, le phi, mua sim,
bid dUdng, thiet bi, vat tU, chi
phi di lai, cua cd quan dang
ky va ngan hang thUdng mai
dUdc
loai
bd.
Khdng xet d khia canh
hanh chinh nha nUdc, d khia
canh tin dung, viec tiet kiem
dUdc cac khdin chi phf nay se
lam giam ap
Iiic
chi phi cap

tin dung (dd'i vdi ca ngan hang
va ngUdi vay vd'n),
dae
biet la
dd'i vdi cac khoan tin dung nhd
hay dd'i vdi dd'i
tUdng
cin dUdc
hd trd kich ciu nhU hien nay;
gdp phan thdc day kha nang
tiep can ngudn vd'n cho ca
nhan, doanh nghiep de sin
xuat, kinh doanh, diu tU, sinh
ldi,
keo thed
sii
tang trUdng
tin dung viing chac hdn, dem
lai ldi nhuan chd cac ngan
hang thUdng mai, day chinh
la vdng quay vd'n
ly
tUdng va
hieu qui cua thi trUdng. Xet
rdng ra, dd la khdin chi phi
khdng
id
tiet kiem dUdc de tai
diu tu phuc vu cho viec phat
trien nen kinh te.

2.
Mot sd trao doi va
khuyen
nghjS
Theo chdng tdi, trong qua
trinh thiet ke, ap dung cd che
dang ky triic tuyen, cin
lUu
y
de giai quyet mpt sd van de cd
ban sau:
2.1.
Co hay khong sU
tham gia cua ddng ky viin
vdo quy trinh?
Hien cd y kien chd rang,
npi dung dang ky do ngUdi yeu
ciu
tii
ke khai tren giao dien
dien td se
tii
dpng cap nhat
vao cd sd dd
lieu,
thdng tin se
trich xuat theo tieu chi yeu
ciu cung cap thdng tin td cd
sd dii lieu ma khdng cin cd
sU

tham gia cua dang ky vien vac
qua trinh nay, theo chdng toi
y kien nay cin xem xet lai vi
cac ly do sau:
Tha
nhat, thiic te dang ky
trong thdi gian qua cho tha'y
dd sd dung ddn giay hay tren
files dien td thi ty le sai sdt
khi ke khai ve cac ben (vi du:
Ten, sd'nhan than, ), ke khai
sai ve tai san, yeu ciu dang ky
sai tham quyen, rat Idn. Cu
the,
so'
lUdng
ddn ma dang ky
vien phai hUdng dan (lien he
qua dien thdai, cdng van hoac
triic tiep) cho ngUdi yeu ciu
dang ky de hoan thien chiem
den khoang 30 - 40% sd
lUdng
ddn nhan dUdc, trong dd co
trUdng hdp hUdng dan nhieu
lin ma van cdn sai sdt. Tinh
trang nay, do ca nguyen nhan
chu quan, nhU mat bang trinh
dp dng dung cdng nghe, kien
thdc ve phap luat, ky nang

nghiep vu cua ngUdi yeu ciu
dang ky, cung cap thdng tin
cdn han che, lin nguyen
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
(piiop
laal ea Deanh nghiip
86
6 (219)-2010
nhan khach quan, nhU he
thdng phap Iuat ve dang ky
giao dich bao dam cae
loai
tai
san (gdm ci bat ddng sin va
tau bay, tau bien) phdc tap, cd
che
dang ky giad dich bid dim
hien nay cdn mdi me dd'i vdi
ngUdi dan, he thdng cac cd
quan dang ky giad dich bid
dam phan tan, khd phan biet
tham quyen,
Dd'i vdi viec dng dung quy
trinh dang ky triic tuyen,
ngdai nguyen nhan neu tren,
cdn phai tinh de'n thiic te tiep
can cdng nghe mdi, quy trinh
mdi cdn rat
la
lam dd'i vdi

ngUdi dan va td
ehdc
tfn dung.
Thii
hai, viec trien khai
dang ky triic tuyen dUdng
nhien se tdn tai 2 he thdng dii
heu
(1 cd
trUde
khi dng dung
dang ky trUc tuyen va 1 hinh
thanh trong qui trinh dang
ky triic tuyen). Theo chdng
tdi,
ha ting ky thuat, giai
phap cdng nghe, dfi heu diu
vao,
diu ra giiia 2 he thdng
khac nhau, nen dieu kien ky
thuat khdng the tu ddng ket
nd'i,
hen thdng giiia 2 he thdng
dd lieu de phuc vu cho hoat
dpng dang ky (vi du, yeu ciu
sda chda sai sdt triic tuyen dd'i
vdi giao dich bao dim da dang
ky trong he thdng dii heu 1),
phuc vu cho viec truy xuat
thdng tin (vi du, he thdng triic

tuyen khdng the tu ddng lien
thdng de truy xuat diy du
thdng tin ve mpt giao dich bao
dim cd trong he thdng dd lieu
cii, ).
Can cd vad hieu
lUc
cua viec dang ky hien nay la 5
nam, vao thdi ban cap vd'n cua
cac ngan hang thUdng mai
trong thdi gian qua chu yeu
la
ngan va trung han, thi thiic te
nay se tdn tai it nhat trong
vdng 5 nam, ke td thdi diem
dng dung dang ky true tuyen.
Thti
ba, dd'i vdi dat nUdc
chdng ta, thi viec khdng theo
ddi,
kiem duyet thdng tin diu
vao de cdng khai la thieu thiic
thi va chac chan se gap sU
"phan dng" cua cd quan nha
nUdc cd tham quyen hdac
"phien ha" trong qua trinh
thiic hien.
Dae
biet la cac
thdng tin dUa vao bat ky (do

gii mao ngUdi yeu ciu dang
ky, hack tai khoan, tham chi
cd chu y, ) bi ldi dung de
phuc vu y dd chinh tri, thdng
tin trii vdi dUdng ldi, chfnh
sach, truyen thdng van hda
cda dan tpc, dao ddc xa hdi,
Nhu vay,
ly
dd thd nhat
cho thay, sU tham gia cda
dang ky vien vdi vai trd tU
van, hudng dan gdp phin
hoan thien thu tuc dang ky,
bio ve quyen va ldi ich cda cac
ben la cin thiet. Dieu nay cdn
cd y nghia "phuc vu" va "dieu
tiet thich dng" de phd hdp vdi
nhan thdc cda cac chu the,
ciing nhu dieu kien ky thuat -
kinh te - xa hpi cua nUdc ta
trong giai doan hien nay. Cdn
dd'i vdi ly dd thd hai va ly dd
thd ba, thi
sii
tham gia cda
dang ky vien de ket ndi dii
lieu, trfch xuat thdng tin; de
thed ddi va kiem duyet thdng
tin trUdc khi thdng tin chuyen

vad cd sd dii lieu de cdng khai,
nham phdng ngda nhiing
thdng tin "nhay cim" la khdng
the thieu.
2.2. Ai
CO
quyen yeu cau
ddng ky bien
dgng? i •
Thed chdng tdi, viec chd
phep bat ky ben nad hoac bat
ky ngUdi nad cd tai khdin deu
cd the dang ky bien ddng ve
giad dich bid dim da dang ky
(sda ddi, bd sung, xda dang
ky, ),
chi phd hdp vdi mdt xa
hdi cd nen phap ly hoan thien,
xa hdi phip quyen d mdc cae
nhat (mpi van de deu dUdc
dUa ra tda in giii quyet vdi
mdt thu tuc to tung ddn gian
va hieu
liic
nhat), cic chd the
cd
y thdc va nhan thdc phip ly
cad (hieu dUdc cac nguyen tac
phap ly cua dang ky thdng
bid, thd tu Uu tien va tfnh

cinh bao cua thdng tin, ).
Cdn d
Viet
Nam, vdi dieu
kien phap ly, to' tung, nen
tang kinh te - xa hpi,
dae biet
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
^kap
Luat ea Deanh
nghiip.
86
6 (219)-2010
la y thdc va nhan thdc cda ci
ngUdi yeu ciu va ngUdi tiep
nhan thdng tm cdn han che,
thi viec cho phep nhU tren la
chUa hdp ly. Ngoai ra, cac
ngan hang vdi vi trf la chu np
cang khdng mudn cho phep
ben bio dim hoac bat ky
ngUdi khac cd kha nang thay
dei npi dung hoac hdy bd hieu
lilc
dd'i vdi
giao
dich bao dam
da dang ky. Td dd, chdng tdi
xin de xuat phUdng an nhU
sau: Ngoai yeu ciu dang ky

giao dich bio dim (dang ky
ban diu) cd the do mdt trong
cac ben yeu ciu thiic hien, cac
dang ky bien ddng dd'i vdi
dang ky ban diu (sda ddi, bd
sung, xda dang ky, ), neu
ngUdi yeu cau la ben bao dam
thi
phii
cd xac nhan cda ben
nhan bio dam. Viec xac nhan
dupc thiic hien bang 2
each
sau: (i) Bang
tai
khoin cua
minh ben nhan bio dim dang
nhap vao he thdng de thiic
hien lenh xac nhan vao ddn dd
ben bid dam ke khai va
lUu
vet xac nhan d dd; (ii) Bang
ma sd truy cap (khdng phai la
tai khoin) ma ben bao dam
cung cap, ben nhan bao dim
vao giao dien dang ky chd xac
nhan va dUa chii ky sd (cd
ehdng thiic) cda minh vao dd
de xac nhan.
2.3.

Tieu chi so nhdn
thdn (viet tdt bdng tieng
Anh
Id
ID) ndo de khong
dnh hudng den thong tin?
Trong thu tuc dang ky hien
hanh, ca nhan la cdng dan
Viet Nam cd the ke khai ve
mdt trong nhieu
loai
ID sau:
So chdng minh nhan dan,
chdng minh sy quan, chdng
minh quan dpi, giay chdng
nhan canh sat nhan dan, giay
chdng minh an ninh nhan
dan, giay chdng nhan cdng
nhan, nhan vien trong
lUc
lUdng
cdng an nhan dan.
Chung tdi cho rang, tieu chi
ID diu vao, ddng thdi la tieu
chi de tra cdu, truy xuat thdng
tin ve ben bid dim nen chi sd
dung duy nhat mdt loai dd la
chdng mmh nhan dan. Dieu
nay nham tranh trUdng hdp
tra cdu, truy xuat sai thdng

tm, "loan" thdng tm, lam
inh hUdng den y nghia, eiing
nhu
sii
tin tUdng dd'i vdi thdng
tin dUdc cung cap; tham chf la
nhiing khieu nai hoac tranh
chap (giiia cac ben hoac giiia
ben bi thiet
hai vdi
cd quan
dang ky) lien quan den
viec
yeu ciu va sd dung thdng tin.
2.4. Lien thong
giQa
quy
trinh mdi vdi quy trinh cu.
the ndo?
Khi trien khai dang ky triic
tuyen se dat ra mpt sd van de
nhu,
ngUdi
yeu ciu mudn
dang ky bien ddng triic tuyen
dd'i vdi giao dich bio dam da
dang ky bang cac phUdng thdc
khac hay ngUdc lai thi
giai
quyet the nad; he thdng

dU
lieu phii lien thdng the nao de
bao dam tinh lien ket va diy
dd thdng tin dUdc dang ky vdi
cic phUdng thdc khac nhau,
Day
la
nhiing van de ldn cin
dupc giii quyet, tranh vUdng
mac
ve
ci phip ly va "vat ly"
khi ap dung dang ky trUc
tuyen •
1.
Tham khdo
"Vai
trb
ciia
dang
ky giao dich bdo ddm, hap dong
cho
thue tdi chinh trong
viec
tdng
ciidng
hoat dgng cap tin dung
ciia
to
chiic

tin dung" tdc gid
DUcing
Thanh
Minh ddng tai
Tgp
chi Ddn chu
vd
Phdp lugt thdng 10/2009.
2.
Theo thong ke tgi Bdo cdo
ddnh gid 5 ndm trien khai
cong
tdc
ddng ky giao dich bdo ddm
(2002
•
2007) cua Bo
TiCphdp:
Tii ndm
2002
den thdng 3/2008, cdc trung tam
ddng ky
chi
nhdn
dUctc
4.717
dOn
yen cdu cung cap thong tin.
Con
so

ndy qud nho be so vdi 291.175
giao
dich bdo ddm md trung tdm dd
ddng ky vd con be
hctn
nhieu so vdi
cdc giao dich bao ddm
dii
kien xdc
lap tren thiic te.
3.
Mgt
so thiic
te diidc
ddn
chiing
trong
phdn ndy
diidc
tong hdp
tii cdc
Bdo cdo tong kei cua cdc trung tdm
ddng ky vd tham khdo tgi bg phgn
tdc nghiep
(ndi
chuyen thiic hien
yeu
cdu ddng
ky,
cung

cap
thong tin)
cda
mot so to chiic tin dung.
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt