DỊCH ĐẠI CƯƠNG EN42 EHOU

DỊCH ĐẠI CƯƠNG
1. ……………..in the English sentence is usually a noun phrase, pronouns, proper
names, to-infinitives, gerunds, or clauses
d. The subject
2. ………………….is characterized by keeping the main idea/gist of a text,
omitting all of its supporting details and subsidiary arguments.
a. Gist translation

3. …………sits next to or behind his “client” doing a great variety of activities
under different names: “community interpreting”, “public service interpreting”,
“hospital interpreting”, “mental health interpreting” and “social service
interpreting”
a. The interpreter
4. ……………is featured by the fact that grammatical structures and the meaning
of words are translated almost as closely as those in the target language without
paying attention to the situation or context .
b. Literal translation
5. ………………………is based on the meaning of the text which aims to produce
the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by using idioms
and colloquialism where there do n ot exist in the original.
a. Idiomatic translation
6. …………................. is the language to which the text to be translated belongs.
In other words, the source language is prior to translation.


c. The source language

7.……is the interpreter of the source text, and the producer of the final
interpretation which determines the meaning(s) which readers of the translation
will read.
a. The translator

8.……………to whom the translated text is addressed are native or non-native
users of the target language.
b. The readers
9.………………should be aware of the concepts muli-words convey and the rules
how to make and write compound words in English.
a. Translators

10…………… translation (or sometimes direct/interlinear translation) focuses on
translating words from the source text into the target language while the word
order of the original is preserved.
b. Word for word
11. A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually
one third of the original length, depending …………………
d. on specific situations.
12. A Vietnamese-English translated text should follow the language
rules……………. social-cultural features of the English - not Vietnamese language and vice versa.


d. and

13. Adaptation can also be considered a translation technique used when the
context in the original text ……...……………………………. in the Target Text
culture.
b. does not exist

14. Adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence of …………..
……………………. applicable to a different situation than that of the source
language.
a. the same value

15. A satisfactory translation is always possible, but a good translator is never
satisfied ………it.
a. With
16. Adaptation is a highly free type of translation. Here the focus is on sociocultural phenomena or ………………that are absent in the target culture.
c. practices
17. A sentence is a group of words conveying a complete idea which normally
contain a subject and a verb predicate…………………
b. in “finite” forms
18. A simultaneous translator changes what ……………………in one language
into another language as someone is speaking.


c. is being said
19. As indicated by the word “free”, free translation (sometimes dynamic
translation) focuses more ……..than form in the target language
a. on content
20. At the beginning of the 1970s, the focus shifted from the word or phrase ……
the text as a unit of translation.
c. To
21. A consecutive interpreter is one whose job is to change what…………………
in one language into another language.
a. has been said
22. “business is business” could be translated …………… as Cơng việc là cơng
việc, khơng chen tình cảm vào đây được.
d. Freely
23. As can be seen from above, the English sentence is mechanically indicated by
means of a period/stop (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!) – never
by a comma (,) -……………………..
b. at the end in writing
24. As for noun phrases (NP), the noun (common noun: love, proper noun: Mai,

and pronoun: you) is ………of the phrase.
b. Head
25. A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually
one third of the …………………length, depending on specific situations.
d. original


26. Certain strategies ………………… those differences; for example, certain
expressions or key terms in their text-to-be need to be selected.
c. to deal with

27. compared with ………………text, the target language translated text may be
so long, longer, or even shorter and may have new features which may not be
found in the source language.
a. the source language
28. Communicative translation gives high priority to the message communicated in
the text where the actual form of the original is not closely bound to
…………………..
a. its intended meaning

29. Concept is used in this section to refer not to the form (word) but only ………
the meaning in any given language.
d. To
30. Connotation is subjective by the language users, and can be influenced
by .........
d. many factors

31. Coordinating conjunctions are only in mid-position whereas ....... conjunctions
can be in initial or mid-position in the sentence.

d. Subordinating

32. During preparations for simultaneous………………….., the interpreters’
booth, if not fixed, should be positioned so that the interpreters can see the
speakers.
b. Interpretation
33. English prepositions are usually single words in, at, on...; …………, there are
some prepositions that look like a phrase, phrasal prepositions: because of, in spite
of...
c. However

34. English vocabulary mostly consists in single words, but ……………..of
multiword vocabulary is not small.
a. the amount

35. Faced by a text in a language, as student translators, you should analyze the
text by asking and …………………………….several questions.
c. Answering
36. Faithful translation can be described as one kind of translation which tries
………of words and context situation according to the grammar rules of the target
language.
d. to convey the meanings


37. Figurative meaning is based on or makes use of figures of ………………such
as metaphor (an implied comparison between two things with the same
characteristic.
c. Speech

38. For simultaneous interpretation, microphones, earphones and a booth are
necessary ……………….
d. technical equipment.
39. Gist translation can be used in language learning situations (using the same
language) ………at a written test
a. to summarize a written text
40. He or she reformulates the translation according to the grammar rules,
…………….., cultural norms in the target language.
a. word usage
41. However, grammatical words in general and articles and prepositions in ......
might cause headache to translators.
a. particular

42. Idiomatic translation can be applied to the English sentence that describes the
degree of the sameness of the two girls’ appearance “ They look ………….. the
same” (Chúng giống nhau như hai giọt nước).
c. Exactly


43. If any key words are …………….., the text will need to be checked carefully
for consistency in the change made.
a. Changed
44. If any key words are changed, the text will need to be checked carefully for
consistency in the change……………….
b. made.

45. If the source text is taken to be the starting point of the translation process, then
the translated text is the text which results from ………

d. the translation process.

46. In ………………………..the form of the source language is replaced by the
form of the receptor/target language.
b. Translation
47. In addition…………..the changes resulting from the movement from one
language to another, translation necessarily changes the receiver or addressee of
the text.
c. to
48. In the history of translation development there have been a great number of
terms: literal, free, literary, non-literary, borrowing, equivalence, figurative, so on
………
c. and so forth.


49. In English, the negation of the verb in the first clause stands for
……………………………… in the following clause.
a. the negation of the verb

50. In English, the …………….. phrase can be used after a verb, an adjective, or a
noun and depend on them.
c. Prepositional

51. In English-Vietnamese translation of the predicate verb, the meanings of time
and aspect can ……………………to such words as đã, sẽ, sắp, đang…
c. Correspond
52. In other words, adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence of the same
value ……………………. to a different situation.
c. Applicable
53. In some cases a prepositional phrase at the beginning of the English sentence
may …………………that it is the subject of the sentence:

c. make the translator misunderstand
54. In the other theory of translation, the predominant purpose is……… , but
rather moves in its new dress with the same ease as in its native rendering.
a. to produce a result that does not read like a translation at all
55. In this situation the translator’s task is recreate some form of language
……………the same meaning.
b. to convey


56. In Vietnamese, words that correspond to both lexical ………………….
grammatical words in English are numerous.
c. And

57. In word formation, morphemes which occur at the end of a word are
called ..........
c. Suffixes
58. In word formation, morphemes which occur at the front of a word are
called ..............
c. prefixes
59. It can be said that language cannot exist without words. Word
…………………….is the reflection of human perception of the world.
d. categorization

60. It goes without saying that all the types of translation mentioned above may
………….. justified in particular circumstances.
b. be

61. It is also very useful for the translator ……………………and analyze the
original text before translating it into the target language.
d. to understand

62. It is also very useful for the translator to understand and analyze the original
text before ………….it into the target language.
a. translating
63. It is ………………..that in an English sentence the predicate verb (V) be in
finite forms, the predicate agreeing with the subject in person and number
b. Obligatory

64. It is clear that words are ……..of by morphemes. For example, the word
“book” has one morpheme and “book-s” two morphemes
c. made up
65. It is the structural part of language which is actually seen in print or heard in
………
c. Speech
66. Literal force is of course inevitably lost in these cases and the best that can be
achieved is .........to the pragmatic function of the TL cultural reference or practice.
b. by means of faithfulness

67. Mastery of the source language is a …………….for the translator, since this
mastery is the key to his/her readings and interpretations of the text to be
translated.
d. Must


68. Practically, whether ………………is termed as ‘Translation Theory’ or
‘Translation Studies’ it culminates with the theory on proper principles of
translation.
a. the study of translation
69. Polysemes can be compared with homonyms, which are words with

several ....... meanings
d. Unrelated
70. Remember that all of our verbalizing must be done in the target language now.
We must ………… between alternatives and produce a text that is sequentially
complete.
c. Choose
71. Since the mid-1970s the name ‘Translation Studies’ has been adopted to
indicate that the …….……………………is not just a minor branch of comparative
literary study, nor yet a specific area of linguistics, but a vastly complex field .
b. study of translation
72. Semantic translation focuses to a great degree on ………………..and form
(syntax) of the original texts of high status
d. meaning (semantic content)
73. Semantically, the meaning of a word includes a number of meaning
components classified as things, events, attributes or relations which are combined
……………… lexical items.
d. into


74. Sometimes the grammar structure or the form of the words in the target
language may …………………
b. change
75. Syntactical forms which …………. used to express grammatical meanings of
the verb in English sentences are obligatory,
b. are

76. The ................ of words in Vietnamese does not seem to be so distinctive: word
classes do not have their typical forms, their forms never change in the sentence.
d. Classification

77. The …………………………….in the English sentence usually stands right
after the subject, giving information about the subject.
b. verb predicate
78. The choice of the right word in the receptor language to translate a word in the
source-language text depends more ………than upon a fixed system of verbal
consistency.
b. on the context
79. The classifications of translation types are many according to different points
of view, based on either structure, function, or ………
b. semantics of language


80. The classification of words in Vietnamese does not seem to be so distinctive:
word classes do not have their typical forms, their forms never change in the
sentence.
d. Classification
81. The elements of translation interact as elements achieving one function, in
……each element relates to one or more of the rest.
b. Which
82. The forms are ……………… to as the surface structure of a language.
d. Referred

83. The language of translation is ………………. from the translated text,
reflecting the translator's interpretations, the translator's strategies and the
translator's abilities.
b. Perceived

84. The language of translation is perceived from the translated text,
…………………….the translator's interpretations, the translator's strategies and
the translator's abilities.

b. reflecting

85. The linguistic approaches basically …………….. translating as a codeswitching operation.
c. Saw


86. The instructor can then hope to measure the students’ linguistic competence
by ....................
a. means of the target language products.

87. The linguistic approaches basically saw translating as
……………………………
b. a code-switching operation
88. The manner in which the target reader responds to the target text must be the
same as that in which the source reader responded to …………………
c. the source text
89. The meaning of words are translated almost as ……………… as those in the
target language without paying attention to the situation or context
b. closely
90. The number of words and the sentence length may vary, depending on the
……………….of the translator when he/she adds explanations or comments to
make clear the meaning of the original.
a. Subjectivity
91. The predominant purpose of theories of translation is ………… of every word
and phrase in the original.
b. to express as exactly as possible the full force and meaning
92. The presentation here is conducted in a systematic manner with ………
restricted interactivity and closeness and much faster than consecutive
interpretation.

c. Somewhat
93. The producer of the final interpretation …………………… determines the
meaning(s) which readers of the translation will read.
b. Which
94. The readers to whom the ………………….. text is addressed are native or nonnative users of the target language.
b. Translated

95. The sentence is structurally made up of a group of words which has subject and
…………… as indispensible elements; the complement, object and adverbial are
optional:
d. verb predicate

96. The source language, as has been seen earlier, is not only the very central and
initial point for the …………….of the translation process but also is the
background for all translation processes.
d. Start
97. The source-language content, form, style, function, etc. must be preserved, or
at least that the translation must seek ………….them as far as possible.
a. to preserve
98. The stage of editing the translated text which ……………. the form of a
careful last-minute checking and correcting of possible mistakes or other
inaccuracies is implemented in most cases of translation.


a. takes

99. The target language is the language into which ……………………from
another language is translated.
c. a text

100. The theory of translation involves normative approaches, putting a strong
emphasis on prescribing to translators how to and ……………
b. how not to translate
101. The three elements of source language, source text, and translator,
theoretically and ………. precede the translated text.
c. Practically
102. The translated text is the actual definite material, …………has been produced
by conveying the meaning of a source text in terms of another language and
culture.
a. Which
103. The translated text is the actual definite material, which has been produced by
……………………..of a source text in terms of another language and culture.
c. conveying the meaning

104. The translator also has to solve, ………………., matters involving text
adjustments in terms of additions, omissions and adaptations.
d. in mind


105. The translator, like the linguist who …………..all human languages to be on
an equal footing, is among the first candidate to be liberated from the dominance of
one language/culture
b. takes

106. The translator is unable to change any aspect of the source language. Rather,
many aspects of the translator's work are conditioned and determined
by…………………
d. the source language.

107. The translator begins drafting the translation piece by piece, section

…………… by using the lexis and structures
a. by section

108. The translator should examine his reasons for choosing the text and the
potential for its use by the ……………………….audience
b. Receptor language
109. The translator should try ………..in the text those differences (usually by
underlining) both in linguistic and cultural aspects between the source and target
language
c. to find


110. The translator should remember …..the zero article with plural count nouns in
English to mean generally
c. to use
111. The translator discovers the meaning behind the forms in the source language
and does his best to produce the same meaning
…………………………………………….
a. in the target language
112. The translator has to think over his/her translation to suit a reader according to
the reader’s social norms in the target language, so the language of translation is …
b. social.
113. The translator must strive for equivalence rather than identity. In a sense this
is just another way of emphasizing ………………….rather than the conservation
of the form of the utterance
c. the reproduction of the message
114. The translator is …………element in translation, since the study of translation
and the language of translation is no more than the study of the translator’s
linguistic ability
a. the most important

115. The translator tries to come as close as possible to the meaning conveyed by
the words, by means of word order change or word choice so that the true meaning
is ………
b. conveyed.


116. The translator is supposed to be beyond the influences of the social and
…………. environment of any of the two languages.
d. Cultural
117. The translator’s judgments, strategies and manipulations ………………all
potentially exist in the translator’s interpretation of the source text and the
formulation of the translated text which is governed by the target language.
a. Do
118. There are a variety of cultural elements to take into………………..when
starting a translation.
a. consideration
119. There is any place where information has been added, omitted, or subtracted
c. subtracted
120. There is some unusuality or ……… in the target language.
c. Unnaturalness
121. There is no article in Vietnamese whereas the ………….of article: indefinite
articles a, an, definite article the, or zero article is a must in English noun phrases.
c. Use

122. There will be words which …………….some of the meaning components
combined in them matching a word which has these components with some
additional ones.
b. have

123. Things are defined as all animate beings and all inanimate entities. Events
include all actions, processes, ……….. experiences.
c. And
124. This means that the translator has, ………………….the pressure of deadlines,
more time than the interpreter (especially the simultaneous interpreter) to process
the source text thoroughly .
a. Despite
125. Today, roughly speaking, three ………………….of interpreting are practiced:
liaison, consecutive and simultaneous interpreting.
c. Forms
126. To have interpretation as precise as possible, they should make regular shorter
breaks to enable the interpreters …………………….the message in the same
spirit.
a. to relay
127. to translate means “……………… a text in a target setting for a target
purpose and target addresses in target circumstances”.
b. to produce
128. Translation, by dictionary definition, consists of changing from one state or
form to another, to turn into ………………or another’s language.
d. one’s own
129. Translation is rendering a written text into another language in a way that the
…………….. intended the text.
b. Author


130. Translation it must be conceived as an integral
communicative……………………….
a. Performance
131. Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life. So far,
there have been ………………………definitions of translation.

a. many
132. Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life. So far,
there have been many ………..……………….. of translation,
d. definitions
133. Translation is the ………………. of a representation of a text in one language
by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.
b. Replacement
134. Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what
has been expressed in one language (………………………), preserving semantic
and stylistic equivalencies.
b. source language

135. Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what
has been expressed in one language (source language),
preserving…………………………
a. semantic and stylistic equivalencies.
136. Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in
one language (Source Ianguage.) by …………………. in another language (Target


Language).
c. equivalent material
137. Translation should ensure that the ……… meaning of the two will be
approximately similar.
a. surface
138. Translation Studies, indeed a discipline in its own right, aims ……… which
can be used as a guideline for the production of translations.
a. to produce a comprehensive theory
139. Translation theory includes principles for translating figurative language,
dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion

markers, and ...................
d. many other topics crucial to good translation.

140. Translation theory includes ……………………….for translating figurative
language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of
cohesion markers, and many other topics crucial to good translation.
b. Principles

141. Translating may be defined as the process of ……………………signs or
representations into other signs or representations.
a. Transforming


142. Translating must aim primarily at …………………………………….To do
anything else is essentially false to one’s task as a translator.
a. “reproducing the message.”

143. Translators have to make sure that they ………………….a text well in the
original language
c. understand
144. Translators should define both subject and verb predicate at ……………..
time if they want to translate a sentence.
c. the same

145. Translators should define proper verbs of English to go with the subject,
either …………………….: be, get, become... or action/dynamic verbs run, work...
to follow the subject.
d. linking/static verbs

146. Translators should rely on the context to select the right word; in ……………

about which word to be used, they could consult a dictionary of synonyms and
antonyms or any thesaurus for help.
a. case of doubt
147. Translators should use procedures of tranposition to render from the Source
Language texts …………as to suit the Target Language grammar rules.
c. in such ways


148. Typically, two interpreters are placed together in a booth, and they follow an
audio-transmission of speeches and …………………….
a. interpret them directly
149. Verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, prepositions,
articles and pronouns are called parts of …………………
c. Speech
150. Vietnamese is a…………………………………….language. Vietnamese
words do not change their forms.
c. non-inflectional
151. What is generally understood as translation involves the ……………..of a
source language text into the target text.
a. rendering

152. What the interpreter is unable to grasp in his first and only confrontation with
the text is …………….forever.
c. Lost
153. When a word has one morpheme, the morpheme belongs to the
……………….. category girl, house, do… which cannot be divided into smaller
meaningful units.
a. Free/root
154. When analyzing the text for translation ……………… the first time, the
translator needs to find answers to these questions: