nho quan miền đất cổ

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TiMH^,,,
DC
976
BAT -
NGUYEN
THI KIM KHANH
NH/^XIMTBAN
VAN
H«-}-
.HONG
TIN
LA DANG
BAT
Nha giao
*
CCt
nhSn
Vdn hQC
*
Qui:
Thdn Oa
Gi^,
xa Ninh My,
huy$n
Hoa Lu - nay
1^
thi tran
Thi§n
Ton,
huy^n

Hoa
La-tinh
Ninh
Binh
*
Tru
qudn:
34/2 - pho 2
phudng Dong Thanh
thanh pho Ninh
Binh
*
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030.3880239
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0935.238823
*
Gidii
thudng VHNT
Truang Han
Sigu
Ninh
Binh
* Giii thudng VHNT cue
Ciy
ban toan qudc
lien
hi0p
cac Hpi VHNT

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Nam
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quoc gia
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Anh:
TL
Dong
Ngifcfi

X\ia
Anh:
Minh Tudn
^'- * »
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.:^*
vk
Den lang Kho (xa
Phii
Loc)
A .

Dong chf
Lrfcfng
Van Thang -
ngrfcfi
Bl
thif
Chi bo DDCSD dau tien
or
Ninh Binh
Anh:
TL
'•-•^'
J^^ :'ML.'^
.^ .
Den Say (xa Scfn Thanh)
Anh:
TL
Den Ha Thai Scfn (xa Sdn Lai)

Dinh Htfofng
Thjnh (xa
Phii
Loc)
Anh:
TG
Ho Dong
Chrfcfng
Phii
Doi Ngang (xa
Phii
Long)
Anh:
TG
D6n
Van Sao (xa Lang Phong)
Anh:
TG
Dong Van
Trinh
(xa
Thtfgfng
Hoa)
Anh:
TL
p>
i •: •• •• -r
Chua lang Kho (xa Phu Lpc)
Anh:
TG

Vrfcfn
Ho (xa Quynh
Lifti)
la mot trong nhu'ng tran danh Nhat
dSu
tien
cua ca
niTdTc
danh Nhat - ngay
11
thang 8 nam 1945
NHO QUAN
MIEN DAT CO
Ldi
CAM ON
Cuon sach
duac xudt
bdn vai
sit
tdi
tra
mot phdn
cida
Tien sT - Thu
truc/ng
Bo Khoa hoc Cong nghe
Nguyen
Vdn Lgng, ngudi thon Thdi San, xd
Scm
Lai,

huyen Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh.
Chung toi xin trdn trong cdm an ong.
LA
DANG
BAT
NGUY£N
THI
KIM
KHANH
LA DANG BAT - NGUYEN THI KIM KHANH
(Bien scan)
NHO QUAN
>^
MIEN DAT CO
•"^
4^-
(rrM
>
t3-J
(3^3
p-1
>
I
z
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NHA XUAT BAN VAN HOA THONG TIN

L6I
DAUSACH
"Ban cu trung thi vo nhdn
vdn
Phu tai san ldm
hUu
khdch tdm"
(Ngheo,
a
giira thanh thi khong ai hoi han den
Giau,
d
tan
riTng
nui xa xoi heo lanh cung co nguoi
tim
ve).
Trong ca
nuoc
co nhieu mien dat co co gia tri, Nho
Quan la mien dat co duy nhat cua tinh Ninh
Binh.
Til
ten
goi,
dia ly, lich su, van hoa den cac di
tich,

danh
thSng
ddu khang dinh nguyen gia tri mien dat co, lau d5i ay.
Dau an dam net nhat
ciia
manh dat nay phai ke den
la "Dong Ngudi Xua" giira
rung
nguyen sinh
Cue
Phuang;
hay cac dia danh, ten lang, ban, ten cac di
tich
nhu lang
Lam, lang Ria, lang Kho, lang Say, lang Lao, lang Cha,
dinh
Mong,
dinh
La ma khi tra
t\x
dien tieng Viet deu
khong thay ngir nghia cac tir do. Theo mot
so
gia dinh
thi
do la tieng co cua nguoi co xua, nay nhan dan
vSn
dung
CO
y nghia luu giir nhirng

gi
nguoi xua de lai -
them mot minh chung cho
mi6n
dat co V6i hon 30 di
tich
va danh thing da duoc phat hien va
liru
giir, tieu bieu
nhu dong Van Trinh "md ra mot khung cdnh mdi chua
tUng
thdy", hay Yuan Quoc gia
Ciic
Phuong "la mot hdo
tdng thien nhien rong ldn, mot vudn bdch thdo, bdch
thii
ngoan muc vd quy hiem cua Viet Nam vd the gidi", roi h6
Dong Chuang "rong gdn 40 ha nudc trong mdu ngoc
bich"
vai "cdnh trdi mdy ho nudc
bgt
ngdn ddi thong
thi vi trong giang san cam
tii,
ta co cdm
gide
nhu tdt cd
ve dep cua ddt trdi da ddn gop ve ddy gdn do co den
thd bd chiia Lieu Hgnh d
phii

Ddi Ngang, khoi trdm
tham ngdt mot vung ddi sudt ngdy dim". Noi day con co
khu can cur
each
mang Quynh
Lim,
co 10 dia danh a xa
Quynh Luu va cac xa lan can da duoc Nha nu6c cong
nhan la Di tich Lich su Van hoa cap Quoc gia, la cai noi
cua phong trao
each
mang tinh Ninh
Binh.
Tac gia con danh su quan tam viet ve nhirng dia
danh, danh nhan tir co
chi
kim co tinh than yeu
nu6c
chong giac, dep yen
b5
coi, xay
n6n
tu tri, cac danh nhan
la nhirng chien sy cong san dau tien cua tinh Ninh
Binh,
hay nhirng truyen thuyet
v6
cac 'Thdn Hodng" a cic dinh,
chiia nhu Ngoc Quang Cong chua, roi tuang Le Du, Le
Chuang tat ca, de muon chung minh ngudi Nho Quan

tu xua da co tinh than quat
khofi
chong giac giir
nu6c.
Nho Quan gia day ciing da timg buac thay da doi
thit,
nhi6u
di
tich
lich sir van hoa da
dugc
dau tu khai
thae,
cac
Id
hoi tam linh van hoa da va dang dugc khoi
phuc,
dai song vat chat va tinh than cua nguai dan da
dugc dam bao va cai thien de mgt ngay mai tuai sang
se ve vdi mien dat cd Nho Quan que toi - noi co
nhiJng
ky niem sau ling cua mgt thai de nho, mgt noi de
v6
- La
mgt
ngu5i
con cua nai ay, sau khi dgc cuon sach, co le
khong rieng
gl
toi, lai cang thay tu hao, thay yeu que

huang
minh
hon gap bgi, bgi phin.
Nguyen Van Tuan
Ngudi Nho Quan
Nguyen Hieu trudng
Trudng THPT chuyen Luang Vdn Tuy,
thdnh phd Ninh Binh

TEN GOI QUA CAC
THC)I
KY
Phil Nho Quan dugc dung len tir dau thai Dinh, la
dat cua dan tgc it nguai.
Thai
CO
xua, Nho Quan nim trong quan Nam Giao;
Thdi nha Tan (theo lich Trung Qudc) thugc quan Tugng
Quan; Thdi nha Han nim trong quan Giao Chi; Tir nha
Tan, nha Tuy trd
vS
sau thugc dat Giao Chau; cudi nha
Luang thudc huyen Trudng Son, chau Trudng (hoac
huyen Nhu
Vi6n,
chau Phiic Ldc).
Khi Dinh Tien Hoang dung nen nudc Dai Co Viet
nam 968, Nho Quan la dat thugc thanh Hoa Lu.
Dudi
tri^u

nha Ly (1010-1225) nam Thuan Thien
thu: nhat (1010) vua Ly Thai To doi ten thanh Hoa Lu,
ggi la phu Trudng Yen.
Sach "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi" cd ghi: "Nguyen
xua la ddt Man, thugc
phii
Trudng Yen""'.
(II-
"Dai Nam
iihdr
thdng
chi"Tap
III - NXB KHXH - Hd
Npi
-
1971
Trang
228
Den thdi nha Tran
(1225-1400),
Nho Quan thudc
Id
Trudng Yen, sau lai ggi la tran Trudng Yen, sau dd lai
ggi la tran Thien Quan (Cong Trdi).
Den nam Quang Thai, thu: 10, tridu vua Tran Thuan
Tdng (1397) doi tran
Thidn
Quan thanh phu Thien Quan.
Den thdi nha Le, vin ggi la
phii

Thien Quan le
thudc vao Thanh Hoa.
Thdi ky nay, phu Thien Quan gdm ba huyen: Phung
Hoa, Yen Hoa, Lac Tho.
* Huyen Phung Hoa, theo "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng
chi" ghi: "Ddi Le Quang Thudn (1460-1469 - Trieu vua
Le Thdnh Tong) tdch ra ddt ldm huyen le vdo phii Thien
Quan,
hg Qudch, hg Dinh
Id
thd
tii
ndi ddi qudn
tri"^-\
Huyen Phung Hoa khi dd "Gdm co 4 tong, 29 xd, thon,
trgi:
1 - Tong Lgng Phong co 7 xd: Lgng Phong, Phuc
Luang, Yen Thi, Nggc Ung, Yen Tri, Yen Mong, Phu
Thdi. Trong do deu
Id
ddn Kinh.
2 - Tdng Yen Lgc co 7 xd, dp: xd Yen Lgc, xd
Thugng LUng, xd Hieu Liing, dp Yen Luang, dp Chdn
Lgi, dp Lgc Thuy, dp Phii Ve. Trong do deu
Id
thd ddn.
(I)-
"Dai Nam nhdt thdng (hi"
(.sdd)-
Trang 229.

10
3 -Tdng Vdn Ludn co 6 xd: Vdn Ludn, Yen Lgi,
Phii
Kho, Lai Cdc, Ky Ldo, Yen Lao, Chi Cdi. Trong do
deu
Id
thd ddn.
4 - Tdng Quynh Luu co 9 xd, thon, trgi: xd Quynh
Luu, xd Phuc Lai, xd Yen Cu, xd
Phii
Oc, trgi Dgi Phong,
thon
Clidu
Bgc, thon Yen Bgc, trgi
Mge
Phdm, trgi Quang
Loi. Trong do deu
Id
ddn
Kinh"^^\
*
Huyen Yen Hoa (cdn ggi la Ninh Hoa). Thdi Le
So ggi la Ninh Hoa,
vi
kieng ten cua Vua Trang Tdng
(Duy Ninh (1533-1548)) nen tir nam 1533 ggi la Yen
Hoa. Khoang nam Thieu Binh nha Le (1433-1439) ddi
vua Le Thai Tdng, cd 4 tong gom 21 xa, ap, trang:
1 - 'Tdng Bdt Mgt, co 3 xd: Bdt Mot, Kien Phong,
Phuc Cd.

2 - Tdng De Cdc, co 4 xd:
De
Cdc, Y Na, Bdt Xi,
Nga
My.
3 - Tdng Vo Hdt, co 9 xd, dp: xd
Vo
Hdt, xd Lgc
Binh,
xd Thgch La, xd Binh Luang, xd Trudng Mon, xd
Phu My, xd Hien Quan, dp Triem Hod, dp Hdu Bdng.
Trong do ba xd: Vo Hdt, Hien Quan,
Phii
My deu
Id
ddn
Kinh.
Ba xd: Hdu Bdng, Trudng Mon, Triem Hod deu
Id
(1)
- "Ninh Binh toan dnh dia chi khao hien" - Nguyen
TifMcin
- NXB Chinh tri
qudc gia - Ha
Ngi
-
2001.
Trang 79
11
thd ddn. Ba xd: Lgc

Binh,
Thgch La, Binh Luang nUa
ddn Kinh, nua thd ddn.
4 - Tdng Xich Thd, co 7
.xd,
trang: xd
Xich
Thd, xd
Hung Thi,
.xdTudn
Du, trang Nhiem Hg, xd Yen Dgi, xd
Cd Nghia,
.vd
Chi Ne. Trong do hai xd: Xich Thd, Nhiim
Hg deu
Id
ddn Kinh. Ba xd: Hung Thi, Cd Nghia, Chi
Ne deu
Id
thd ddn. Hai xd: Tudn Du, Yen Dgi nUa ddn
Kinh,
nica
thd
ddn"^^\
Hien nay, cd mgt sd xa thudc tinh Hoa
Binh.
* Huyen Lac Tho (Yen Lac). Khoang nam Thieu
Binh (1433-1439) ddi vua Le Thai Tdng, cd "4 tdng gdm
31
xd, 5 trang.

1 - Tdng Lgc Thdnh, co
13
xd: Hodi Tu, Yen
Nghiep,
Tdn My, Tuc Mac, Vu Bdn, Vu Nong, Hung
Nhugng, Binh
Clidn,
VU
Lao, Da Phiic, Binh Cdng, Hieu
Nghia,
Nggc
Ldu.
2 - Tdng Yen Dgo, co 14 xd: Dinh Qudn, Sudt
Hod, Yen Diem,
Phii
Hdu, Hudng
Nghia,
Hudng
Nhugng, Quy Hod, Tudn Dgo, Binh Kiem, Tdc Tranh,
Vdn Lang, Cu Nhdn, Vdn
Due,
My Thdnh.
(1)
- "Ninh Binh toan tinh dia chi khdo
hieii'
- Nguyen
TuMdn
- NXB Chinh tri
(fudc
gia - Ha

Ngi
- 2001. Trang
HO.
12
3 - Tdng Lgc Nghiep, co
11
xd: Thdn Thugng,
Tich
Cdc, Phiic Tuy, Nggc My, Dong Lai, Thinh Hdi,
Chi Thien, San Trang, Quy Hdu, Tu Ne, Mdn
Due.
4 -
Tdng
Lgc Thien, co 12 xd: Phong Phu, My
Hod, Dich Gido, Yen Luang, Chi Dgo, Ld San, Phu Vinh,
Tudn Lg, Phu Ldm, Gia Mo, Do Nhdn, Vi
My'^".
Hien nay, huyen nay la dat huyen Lac Son, tinh
Hoa Binh.
Sang trieu Nguydn, d ddi vua Tu
Diic,
nam
thii
15
(1861)*-'
khdng ggi la phu Thidn Quan, dugc doi tdn la
phu Nho Quan. Nhu the, tdn ggi "Nho Quan" ra ddi d
nam Tu
Diic thii
15.

Theo Nguydn Tu Min trong "Ninh Binh todn tinh
dia chi khdo bien" (Ban danh may), phu Nho Quan "tU
ndm Minh Menh thU 15 co hai hg Tg vd hg Hd (Tg
Quang Cu, Hd Duy Phien) binh dugc logn
San Am
mdi
dgt cdc thd ty, thd muc trong hgt chiu theo phdp che,
dem chia San Am mdi hai dp Yen Luang, Triem Hod
(Yen Luang thugc tdng Yen Dgt; Triem Hod la Phuang
Ldm,
Lgc Thuy). TU do dinh phep to thue, co cdc qudn
sy do do hdng ndm thudng dugc
miia,
trudng hge duac
(1)
- "Ninh Binh
todn
tinh dia
clii
khao hien" - Nguyen
TuMdn
- NXB Chinh
tri
i/udc
gia - Hd Ngi - 2001. Trang
82.
(2) - Sd(h "Ninh Binh 185 ndm lich
.su
\d phdt trien" ghi Id ndm 1862?
13

dung len, le gido ndi day, cdc vdn chi dugc
dung,
ddu
tien
CO
hai hg
Nguyen,
mot ngudi ten la Chinh do Tien
si, mot ngudi ten
Id
Cdt dd Pho bdng (deu
Id
ngudi Bde
Ninh).
Hai ngudi ndy ndi nhau ldm Tri phu.
Phii
ndy
hoc trd xa gdn den han trdm quyen".
Ciing theo Nguyen Tir Min 'Thdnh phii a xd Lgng
Phong, thdnh trong rgng ba mdu, chu vi 84 trugng, cao
6 thudc. Thdnh ngogi rgng 3 mdu, chu vi 84 trugng, cao
6 thudc. Hdng rdo ldm bang tre xanh.
Cifa
thdnh deu
ve
phia Dong, xdy bang ngoi ggch, tren
ciita
dung ldu, gdn
ddy sua ddp thdnh luy mdi. Dong Tdy ddi 98
thudc.

Nam Bac ddi 74 thudc. Nu tudng'" tren thdnh cao 1
thudc, ddy nica thudc. Thdn thdnh ngodi cao 5 thudc,
dudi ddy 4 thudc. Ve mat ngodi thdnh tri rgng 8 thudc,
sdu 1 thudc. Phia Tdy thdnh a giua co cdi ldu nho, co
cua goc thdnh. Nhd trgi, qudn linh deu d phia ben td
trong thdnh"
Phil Nho Quan thdi Nguydn, den ddi vua Minh
Mang
thii
17 (1836) mdi dat
lim
quan, gom 3 huydn:
Phung Hoa, Ydn Hoa, Ydn Lac. Huydn Phung Hoa cd 4
tong, gom 29 xa, thdn, trai. Huydn Ydn Hoa cd 4 tong,
gom 29 xa, thdn, trang. Huydn Ydn Lac cd 4 tdng, gom
50 xa, thdn, trang. (Theo "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng
chi').
(1)
- Nu
tifong:
tuang tren mdt thdnh phia ngodi.
giif
cho nguai khong rai vudng
phia ngodi thdnh
14
"Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi" ghi: "Phu Nho Quan:
a cdch tinh thdnh 20 dam ve phia Tdy; Dong Tdy
cdch nhau 59 dam, Nam
Bde
cdch nhau 86 ddm, phia

Dong den dia gidi huyen Gia Viin, phu Yen Khdnh 8
dam,
phia Tdy den dia gidi 2 huyen Cdm Thuy vd Qudng
Dia, phii Qudng Hod, tinh Thanh Hod 57 dam, phia
Nam
den dia gidi huyen
Tdng
San, phu Hd Trung, tinh
Thanh Hod
41
ddm, phia Bac din dia gidi huyen My
Luang, phii Qudc Oai, tinh San Tdy 45 dam""'.
Nam 1921, ba tdng: Dc Cdc, Bat Mdt, Xich Tho
thudc huydn Ydn Hoa sat nhap vao huydn Gia Vidn.
Sau
each
mang thing Tim nam
1945,
dieu chinh
cat tong Van Trinh (huydn Gia Vidn) nhap vao huydn
Nho Quan.
Diu nam 1953, Uy ban khing chien hanh chinh
lidn khu ba quyet dinh sit nhap 5 xa: Quang Minh,
Phii
Thinh, Bio Luang, Doan Ket, Ydn Luong thudc huydn
Nho Quan vio huydn Ydn Thuy, tinh Hoi Binh.
Thing 4 nam 1977, do su chi dao cua Trung uong,
phan bd lai cic khu vuc hanh chinh da sit nhap hai huydn
Nho Quan va Gia Vidn thanh huydn Hoang Long (Quyet
dinh

ciia
Hdi dong Chinh phu sd
125/CP
ngiy 27 thing
4 nam 1977).
(1)
- "Dai Nam nhdi thdng chi" (sdd) - Trang 228.
15