ninh bình lịch sử kháng chiến chống mỹ cứu nước (1954 - 1975)

46
NII^IH
BINH
UCH Sir KHANG CHIEN
CHONG MY
CLTU NIJCJC
BO CHI HUY QUAN
SI/TINH
NINH
BINH
-•
994

(i 311,.&
NINH BINH
LP
SUT KHANG CHIEN
CHONG MY
, CL/U Nu'dc
1.9!
f
<:'•••
-
w^
(So thao)
Bp
CHI HUY
QUAN
Sir
TINH NINH
BINH

XUAT BAN-1994
MONG
BAN
DQC
GOP
Y
PHE
BJNH
«
Chi dao noi
dung:
DANG UY VA BO CHi HUY
QUAN SU TINH NINH BINH
Chi dao bien soan :
7(5
XUAN
TOAN
-
Oy vien
T.
IV
Ding,
Bl thu tinh uy-Bl thu
D.U.Q.S
tinh
Dai til
LA
MANH
THI
- Chi

huy
trudng
Thuang ta
HOANG
LUpNG
-
Chl
huy phd chinh td
Thugng tii
NGO
XUAN THiiN
- Chi
huy
pho,
T.M.
T
Dai
ta
TRAN
HONG
LliN
-
Chi huy
pho
quan
su
Thugng
ti
LUONG VAN THAI
-

Chu
nhiem chfnh
tri
Bien soan
M/\/
QUI
mi^^wi^z^'
LOl GlOl
THIEU
Thuc
hiin
Nghi quyet cua Ddng iiy qudn su Trung
uang,
chi
thi
ciia
Bo trudng Bg quoc phong ud
ciia
Bo Tu lenh
qu&n
khu
Ba, chil truang
ciia Tinh iiy
dnh Ninh Binh ve
viec
ghi lai nhitng
chdng dudng lich su quang vinh 30 ndm (1945-1975)
cki^n
dau
vd

chiih
thdng, Ddng uy vd
B6 chi
huy qudn
sU
tinh Ninh
Binh
dd khdn truang to
chiic,
chi dgo nghien
ciiu
bien soan lich
sic
hai
cuoc khdng chien chong thuc ddn Phdp vd
dequoc
My
ciia qu&n
vd ddn Ninh
Binh.
Den nay, cuon" Ninh
Binh
- lich sic khdng
chi4n
chdng My
ciiu
nudc 1954-1975" dd hodn thdnh vd ra mdt bgn dgc vdo dung
dip ky
ni6m 50
nam ngdy

ttidnh
ldp Qudn ddi nhdn ddn Viet
Nam (22-12-1944 - 22-12-1994).
Cud'n
"
Ninh Binh - lich sd khdng
chi^n
chong My
ciiu
nUdc
1954-1975" bien sogn thdnh 4 chuong,
phii
hgp vai su phdt
tri^n
khdch quan vd tien trinh lich
sd.
cuoc khdng chien chong
My,
cUu
nudc cua todn ddn tdc vd ddc diem rieng
ciia
Ninh
Binh.
Nhdn dip cudn" Ninh Binh - lich sic khang chien chdng My
cdu nudc 1954-1975"
xudt
bdn, chung toi xin chan thdnh
cam
an
Ban Thudng vu

Tinh
u.y,
Hdi ddng nhdn
dd.n,
l)y
ban nhdn ddn
tinh,
Ban Tuyen gido Tinh uy, phong khoa hoc-cong
nghS
qudn
su qudn khu
Ba;
cdc ddng
chi
cdn bd cdch mgng lao thdnh, cdc
ddng
chi
lanh dgo,
chi
huy cua Bg chi huy qudn su
tinh
qua cdc
thdi ky, cdc tudng
linh,
cdc nhd khoa hgc ciing cdn bd, chiin sy,
vd nhdn ddn dd
true tiip
chiin ddu tren
qui
huang Ninh

Binh;
cdc ca quan ban, ngdnh cua tinh ud ca quan qudn khu dd
nhiSt
tinh
giup da
v^
tu
liSu,
ddng viin co vd
decdng
trinh lich
sic
qudn
su ddu tiin
ciia
tinh nhd dugc hodn thdnh. Tuy nhiin, do
nhiiu
khd khdn ve thdi gian vd trinh dd nghien
ciiu,
bien sogn co hgn,
cudn sdch khdng sao tranh khoi nhitng hgn chi ud thiiu sdt.
Chung tdi kinh mong bgn doc ciing ddng bdo, chiin sy trong
tinh
tiip tuc gidp da, ddng gdp y kiin di cuon sdch xudt ban ldn sau
dgt chdt
lugi).g
tdt han.
THUONG VU DANG
UY
VA

80
CHi HUY QUAN
SU
TINH NINH BINH

•c
CQ
.t5
0

CHUONG MOT
HOA BINH
LAP LAI, XAY
DUNG
VX
CUNG
CO QUE
HUONG
VE MOI MAT,
SAN SANG BUOC VAO CUOC CHIEN DAU
MOI
(7-1954-2-1965)
Khoi phuc va phat trien
kinh
te
di doi voi xay diing,
cung
c6
nen qudc phong
toan dan va cac luc luong vu

trang nhan dan.
Hiep dinh
Gid-ne-vo
duoc
ky
ket,
hoa
binh
lap lai
d Viet Nam
va Dong Duong
(7-1954)
la niem vui
16n
cua nhan dan
ta
va nhan
dan
the
gidi.
Tuy bi that bai nhuc nha, nhung de quoc My khong chiu
til
bo
am mUu
xam
luoc
nU6c
ta va
Dong Duong.
Chiing

da hat
cang Phap, dung
len
chinh quyen
bii
nhin Ngd
Dinh Diem,
ra
siic
pha
hoai hiep dinh
Gio-ne-vo,
am
mUu chia
cat
lau
dai dat
nude
ta;
bien mien
Nam
Viet
Nam
thanh thudc
7
dia va can
oil
quan
svf
cua My

d^
chulin
bi mdt cu6c
chife'n
tranh
xam luoc mdi, nham danh
chi^m c& miin
Bac Viet Nam va Dong
Duong "My-Diem chang nhflng la kd
thu cua nhSn dan miin
Nam
dang bi chung thong tri, ma cdn la
k& thii
cua
cA
dan
toe
Viet
Nam, cua nhan dan mien Bac da
dUdc
giii phdng" (1).
Nham thdng
nhsit
tu tudng va hanh
ddng
cua toan
Ding,
toan
dan
trong giai doan

each
mang mdi, thang 7 nam
1954,
hdi nghi
Ban chap hanh Trung uong Ding
Ikn
thii 6 (khda II) da xac dinh
nhilm
vu va cdng tac
trUdc
mat
ciia
toan
DAng
va toan dan ta
la:
1.
Tranh thU vd cdng cd hoa
binh,
thuc hiin thdng
nhdt, hodn thdnh dgc
l&p,
ddn
chii
trong todn qudc.
2.
Tang cUdng
life
lugng
qu&n

su,
x&y
dung mdt
qu&n
ddi hiing mgnh thich hgp
udi y&u c&u cUa
tinh
hinh
mdi.
3.
Tiip tuc thuc hiin ngudi
cdyco
ru^ng,
ra
siic
phuc
hdi sdn xudt,
chudn bi
diiu kiin kiin thiit nudc
nha" (2).
Quan triet nghi quyet cua Trung
uong
Ding
va B6
chfnh tri,
cu6i thang
8
nam
1954,
Tinh uy Ninh Binh de ra 9

nhi^m
vu cdng
tac cu the
6
dia phuong la : Thdng nhdt tu tuang, dodn kit todn
Ddng, todn d&n vd toan qu&n di thuc hiin nhiim uu mdi, ph&
mgi &m muu mdi cda
dich;
tiip tuc hodn thdnh viic tiip thu
viing mdi gidi phdng, 6n dinh tinh thdn ud sinh hogt cho nhdn
d&n,
x&y
dung luc lugng uu trang nh&n d&n
d\a
phuang; phat
triin sdn xu&t viing tu do cu, phuc hdi sdn xudt viing mdi gidi
(DLdiHd Chii rich
khai mac
H^i
nghi chinh
tg dSc biitnghy 27-3-1964
tai thu d6
Ha
N0i
(2)
Sach
da din
trit
v'a
52

X
s s s
-I
g-1

phong; thi hdnh giam td theo thudng li, chudn
biphdt
ddng qudn
chung giam to d nhiing nai Trung uong vd Lien khu uy III quyit
dinh
Nhflng nhidm vu, cong tac mdi ma Trung
uong
Ding va Tinh
uy de ra da dap flng kip thdi nguyen vong cua
Ding
bo, quan va
dan trong tinh
trUdc
sU bien
ddi
ldn lao cua tinh hinh dat nUdc ;
mien Bac til chien tranh chuyen sang hoa binh, mien Nam con
tam
thdi bi dich chiem ddng.
Chi trong mot thdi gian ngan sau ngay giai phdng
(30-6-1954), hang loat cong viec mdi, cap thiet va
phflc
tap
d
dia

phuong da
dUOc
giai quyet. Tiep
quan
viing mdi giai phdng, nhat
la thi tran Phat Diem - nOi tap trung dong ddng bao theo dao
Thien chua, noi "tu tri" lau
ngay
(trong khang chien)
ciia
bon
phan dpng
dpi
lot tdn giao,
dUpc
tien hanh nhanh chdng, kip
thcii.
Can bp, bp dpi, cong an dupc
cfl
ve co sd tuyen truyen, giai thich
va van dpng
cac
tang ldp nhan dan thuc hien 8 chinh sach
ciia
Dang va Chinh phu doi v6i viing mdi giai phdng. Dong thdi, bp
dpi,
dan quan du
kich,
cong an bo tri canh gac, gifl
^n

trat tU
cac
nga
dudng
dam bao
an
toan xa
h6i.
Dd'i vdi nguy quan, nguy
quyen tay sai cua thUc dan Phap, mpt mat ta keu gpi, van dpng
ra trinh dien va phan loai, lam thd can cu6c cho hp, mat khac,
tien hanh bao
vay,
truy bat bpn ngoan c6 tron chay xudng mien
duyen hai Kim Son de di theo giac. Ta con td
chflc
thu dung
va
tra
lUOng
nhu cu cho cac cdng
chflc
trong co quan chinh quyen
dich
d
lai lam viec cho
each
mang. Cac tai
san ciia
cdng dan,

ciia
giao hdi Thidn chua (nhat la
6
Phat Diem
va
Phiic Nhac),
cac
cdng sd
ciia
chinh quyen thUc dan (nhU nha may dien Phat Diem,
khu quan sU Tri Chinh, trUdng tieu
hpe
xa Luu Phuong, trudng
Tr&n
Luc
ciia
tda giam muc Phat Diem ) deu dupc
bao
ve chu
9
dao.
Viec tu do tin ngudng
ciia
nhan dan duoc
dam
bao, giao dan
van
di
Id
binh thudng.

Giac Phap thua chay khdng
chi
de Iai hang ngan con ngUdi
lam lac theo chiing chdng lai ddng bao, ma cdn de lai nhflng hau
qua
nang ne ve kinh te,
xa
hpi. Khi cdn chiem ddng, vdi chinh
sach "ddt sach, pha sach, giet sach"
va
cac bien phap phdng
thii
dpc
ac
(lap phdng tuyet trang,
rao
day thep gai
va
gai min quanh
ddn bdt,
can
quet trien mien ), chiing da lam cho nhieu xdm,
lang trong tinh xd xac tieu dieu, nhieu rupng vUdn bd hoang hda,
phan ldn gidng vdn, trau bd, ndng cu bi ddt pha hoac bi cUdp doat.
Cac cdng trinh thiiy loi (de, ke, cdng,
niUOng,
phai) bi hu hai hoac
bi pha
hiiy.
Do dd, viec phuc hdi

san
xuat
ciia
nhan dan ta sau
giai
phdng gap
rat
nhieu khd khan gian khd.
ThUc
hien
chii
truong "ddy manh khoi phuc kinh te, hdn gdn
vet thuong chiin tranh"
ciia Dang
va Chinh
phii,
Tinh
iiy
da td
chflc cho
can
bp, quan
va
dan trong tinh hoc tap chinh sach
san
xuat nong nghiep
va
tren cd cd dd, phat dpng phong trao doan
ket, tUdng trd nhau khai hoang phuc hda, day manh
san

xuat.
H
Ciing vdi niem han hoan chien thang giac Phap
xam
lUdc,
mpt
khdng khi lao dpng hang say da dupc day len trong mpi tang ldp
nhan dan
va
can
bp,
chien sy
life lUdng
vu trang Ninh Binh. Hang
nghin dan quan du kich, bp dpi dia
phUdng
tinh,'huyen bat chap
hiem nguy, gian khd, hd hdi lao vao thuc hien nhiem vu ra pha
bom min, thao ga day thep gai, thu dpn sat thep d
cac vanh
dai
trang
va
quanh cac bdn ddt
ciia
dich. 0 Khanh Cu (Yen Khanh),
Yen Thd (Yen Md) cd nhflng du kich da anh dung hy sinh trong
khi lam nhiem vu thu gom bon dan dich tren ddng rudng. Cung
vdi bp dpi, dan quan, nhan dan
lUdng,

giao vung
mdl
giai phdng
cung nhu vung tu do (cu) hang hai thi dua khai hoang, phuc hda,
10
doan ket tUdng trp nhau phuc hdi
san
xuat. Chinh quyen tinh,
huyen cung ho trp cho nong dan vay vdn de mua sam ndng cu,
trau bd. Dd dd, den thang 9 nam 1954, 90% sd rudng hoang hda
trong tinh da dupe khoi phue. Phong trao thi dua
san
xuat dUdc
day manh.
Trong luc quan va dan ta dang nao
nflc
thUc hien eac
chii
truong, chinh sach mdi
ciia
Dang nham khac phuc hau
qua
chien
tranh, phuc hdi
san
xuat, dn dinh ddi sdng tinh than
va
vat chat,
thi de qudc My
va

be lu tay sai phan dpng lai trang trdn td chflc
mpt cudc di cU ldn dUa dan mien Bac
vao
mien Nam.
Da tam
eiia
de qudc My lam cudc di cu la nham
gay
tinh hinh
cang thang ve chinh tri , tinh than, mat dn dinh ve trat tu an
ninh va lam suy yeu luc
lUdng
lao dpng san xuat. xay dung
va bao
ve que hUdng cua ta trong hda binh ; tao dung mdt
lUc
lupng
ehinh tri ho trp cho ehinh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem
d
mien Nam,
bien mdt bp phan khdng nhd trong
lUc
lupng di cU thanh nhflng
toan quan xung kich chdng pha each mang tren
ca
hai mien
Nam-Bac nude ta.
De qudc My da cung cap eho thUe dan Phap va bpn phan dpng
dpi
Idt

Thien chua hang chuc trieu dd la eiing
41
tau chien
ciia
ham dpi 7 de "bdc dan di eu", ehung cdn cho
cac
nhan vien quan
su My d mien Nam Viet Nam do ten trung ta G.Len-den
(Landslale) chi huy true tiep tien hanh chien tranh tam ly, xui
due dbng bao ta rdi bd xfl sd di eU
vao
Nam.
Sfl
dung
eac
hang
giao pham trong giao hdi Thien chua (linh muc, chanh truong,
trum trudng cd quan he mat thiet vdi Phap-My va
cac
td chflc
cdng giao nhu dao binh Dfle Me, dao binh Xanh, hiep hpi chien
sy Dflc Me lam cdng eu dpa dim, du do, mua chudc,
xiii
giuc
va
cUdng ep ddng bao cdng giao di eU. My-Diem
Ipi
dung tinh nhe
11
da

ca
tin
ciia
giao dan de gieo
vao
Idng hp noi lo lang, khiep sp
bang nhflng luan dieu tuyen truyen
xao
tra. Ket hdp vdi chien
tranh tam ly, chung cho tay sai dung gay gpc, dao, kiem lung sue
vao
tiing nha de du do, de dpa, thue ep di cU. Do vay, hang chuc
ngan
ddng bao cdng giao da rdi bd que huong, xfl sd ra di. Chi
trong 3 ngay
tfl
5 - 7 thang 9 nam 1954, giao dan d
eac
thdn Tri
Dien (Yen Md), Tin Thuan (Yen
Khanht,
Dao Cu (Kim Sdn) da
ra di gan het, moi noi chi cdn 4-5 gia dinh d lai. De tao the bat
ngd lam eho ta trd tay khdng kip, lue dau bpn phan ddng td chflc
cho giao dan ra di Id td, sau di
tflng
nhdm,
tflng
doan. Chung bd
tri bpn cdn dd mang theo gay, dao, vd chai, quan day thep gai

di lan vao tflng doan de giam sat, neu ai co y quay trd lai thi lap
tflc
bi
uy hiep, khung
bd,
ddng thdi de ddi phd vdi ta khi can thiet.
De bdc gpn ddng bao ta ra Hai Phdng chd ngay xudng tau
vao
Nam, bpn phan dpng tay sai My-Diem da lap trai tap trung tai
Phat Diem (1). Dem dem, chung eho nhieu ten cdn dd deo mat
na
den eac
khu trong trai de de dpa, uy hiep,
lam
cho ddng bao
khiep sd khdng dam trd ve. Den cudi thang
11
nam 1954, sd dan
bi chung
cuang
ep den day len tdi 10.027 ngUdi. Trai tap trung,
Phat Diem, dbng bao phai chiu
canh "man
trdi chieu dat", ddi
khd, nhue nha, cd ngudi phai ban eon de ed tien an, ed ngudi vi
uat fle phai tU sat (d Khanh Trung
-
Yen Khanh), tren dudng ve
trai tap trung Phat Diem cd tdi 20 tre em dm chet dpc dudng. 0
trai tap trung do sdng chen chuc mat ve sinh nen dich benh phat

sinh lam nhidu ngudi da chet, trong dd cd 12 trd em.
(II
Trai nay cd 5 khu: Khu nhi chung Phat
Diem,
khu trudng Ly
Doan-Jhugng
Kiem. khu nha thuang Phu Vinh, khu nha
thb
Luu Phuong
vh
khu trudng tip Tr)
Chinh.
12
Tinh den thang 5-1955, toan tinh cd tdi 39.378 giao dan,
chiem 44% tdng sd giao dan trong tinh bi dich
eUdng
ep di
cU
vao
Nam.
Trong khi dich thUc hien mUu dd di dan vao Nam mdt
each
ehii
dpng, d at, thi ta chu quan, sp vi pham hiep dinh dinh chien,
nhan biet am mUu thu doan eung nhu diin bien phflc tap
eiia
tinh
hinh khdng kip thdi, nen luc dau ddi phd cdn
lung
tung, hflu

khuynh. Tfl khi ed ehi thi 91 cua Ban Bi thU Trung Udng Dang
(8-9-1954)
va
sU chi dao trUc tiep
ciia
Lien khu
iiy va
Uy ban
khang chien hanh chinh Lien khu III, tinh hinh chdng dich eUdng
ep di cU d Ninh Binh dupc trien khai manh me, deu khap, ed ddi
sach ro rang vdi tflng viing, tflng noi, tflng ddi tupng.
C?ae
ban
chi dao chdng dich cuang ep, du do dan di cu tfl tinh xudng cd sd
dupe nhanh chdng thanh lap va di
vao
hoat dpng. Hang ngan can
bd, bd dpi, cdng an, dan quan, du kich dUdc dieu ddng vao cac dpi
cdng tac vl tflng thdn, xdm ed ddng ddng bao cdng giao tuyen
truyen, giai thich ehinh sach
ciia
Dang va Chinh
phii,
vach ro
am
mUu, thu doan eua
ki
thu, van ddng ddng bao yen tam d lai qud
huong. Ddng thdi td chflc quan chung
each

mang, ke
ea lUPng
va
giao xiet chat hang ngu dau tranh vdi
cac
giao sy phan dpng de
gianh lai tflng ngudi, thoat khdi cam biy cua kd thu, va budc hp
phai
diiu
tra nhflng vu
cfldng
ep di eu d Phat Diem, Van Hii
(Kim Son).
Khi van ddng giao dan d lai, can bd, bd dpi
va
dan quan du
kich ludn td ra binh tinh, kien tri biet kiem che trudc mpi
sU
quay
pha
ciia
kd thu.
Nhilu canh
ngang trai,
nhilu
vu xd xat do bpn
phan ddng gay ra da lam eho cudc dau tranh ngay them cang
13
thang
va

phflc tap.
O
Kenh Ga (Gia Viin), chung da gay
sU
danh
can
bd ta
va 4ay
bd dpi xudng sdng.
O
Van Hai (Kim Son) chung
danh bd dpi
va
cUdp sung. 0 Phat Diem, ten cd Bi (1) eho chd
Bec-gie can can bd ta Chap hanh nghiem chinh chu trUdng,
chinh
sach ciia
Dang
va
sU chi dao cua
cac
cap
iiy,
chinh quyen
dia phuong, quan
va
dan ta vin kien nhin giao
due,
thuyet phuc
ddng bao bi cUdng ep ra di quay trd lai, va vach mat bpn tay sai,

canh cao
nhflng ten phan ddng.
Ngay
11
thang
11
nam
1954,
Uy ban khang chien hanh chinh
tinh ra lenh giai tan trai tap trung Phat Diem. Cac dpi cdng tac
da ket hpp chat che bien phap dau tranh ehinh tri vdi dau tranh
ngoai giao - cac td kiem scat
va
giam sat quoc te, ket hpp
vSn
ddng
quan
ehung dau tranh ddi trd ve vdi tran
ap
bpn phan ddng
dau sd, hung hang. Ngay 21 thang
11
nam 1954, trai tap trung
di cU Phat Diem dUdc giai tan, ddng bao trd ve dupc
cac
dang
bp,
ehinh quydn va nhan dan dia phuong cham sdc, giup dd
lUdng
thuc,

phuong tien, gidng
vdn
de tiep tuc lao
ddng san
xuat, nhanh
chdng dua cuoc sd'ng trd lai binh thudng.
Ngay 4 thang 12 nam 1954, ta td chflc mdt cudc mit tinh ldn
tai thi tran Phat Diem. Hdn 15.000 ngUdi tham du cudc mit tinh
da ddng thanh len an de qudc My va be lu tay sai
cUdng
ep giao
dan di
eU,
pha hoai hiep dinh dinh chien. Cudc mit tinh da chuyen
thanh cudc bieu tinh, tuan hanh bieu duong
lUc Ifldng
chdng My
va
tay sai.
Ngay 25 thang
12
nam 1954, nhan dip ll No-en eua ddng bao
cdng giao, Tinh uy md hdi nghi ton giao
doan ket-yeu
nUdc chdng
My, 27 linh muc, thUpng tpa, chanh trUPng, trum trUdng, dai
(1) Cha
CO
ngudi nudc Bl
14

dien eho tdn giao cac khu vUc trong tinh vl du hdi nghi da nhat
tri kien nghi len Ttrung Udng Dang, ehinh phu va Uy ban kiem
soat va giam sat qudc te ve hda binh d Viet Nam, ddi de qudc My
va
bpn tay sai Ngd Dinh Diem phai cham dflt ngay nhflng
am
muu
va
hanh ddng pha hoai hiep dinh Gid-ne-vd, pha hoai hda binh.
NgUpc Iai vdi nhflng ngUdi co chflc sac trong hang giao pham
cdn d que hUdng cung cdng ddng thuc hien
chii
trUdng
ciia
Dang
va
Hd Chu tich la doan ke't, yeu nUdc chdng My, mpt sd ten dau
sd phan dpng
Ipi
dung tdn giao vin rap tam chdng pha
each
mang,
chdng lai dan tdc, phan Iai ddng bao. Tfl thang 10 nam 1954,
ehung bat dau lap cac td chflc vu trang bi mat chdng pha
each
mang tai vung duyen hai Kim Sdn, chu yeu d hai xa Td Hieu va
Van Hai. Dau nam
1955,
chung dung bien phap khdng che, mua
chude, ldi keo mdt sd tay chan

ludn
vao chinh quyen, cdng an,
dan quan du kich xa, xdm de pha tfl ben trong, tung tin that thiet
de gay tinh hinh trat tu xa hpi khdng yen dn,
laj'
cd cdng khai rao
lang, td chflc tuan tra canh gac, uy hiep can bp cd sd
ciia
ta. Hdn
the,
chung edn nem
lUu
dan
va
ban
vao
doanh trai bp dpi ddng
tai Van Hai.
Tinh hinh tren dat ra cho ta mdt yeu eau bflc thiet la phai gan
cudc dau tranh chdng dich du do,
cUSng
ep ddng bao di cU vao
Nam vdi viec dau tranh chdng bpn phan ddng npi dia de gifl gin
an ninh ehinh tri va trat tu xa hdi.
Trong vdng 3 thang (tfl thang 1 den thang
3-1955),
Tinh
iiy
da ehi dao cac cap uy
Dang

tap trung lanh dao giao due y thfle
chinh tri, tang cudng de cao
canh
giac cho
can
bd va nhan dan.
Luc lupng dan quan du kich ket hdp vdi cdng an tuan tra, canh
gac
bao
ve kho tang, cd sd, (ddng thdi day manh hoat ddng theo
doi nam dich giup chinh quyen cd du chflng
cfl
dua ra
canh eao
15
tran ap 160 ten tay sai phan dpng, trong dd ed mdt sd
tin
bi dUa
ra truy td trUdc phap
luat.
Ngay 18-01-1955, trong khi cac td
kiem soat
va
giam sat qudc te cdn dang cd mat tai dia
phUdng,
Tda an nhan dan Ninh Binh da md phien tda cdng khai tai thi
tran Phat Diem, xet xfl va tuyen phat tu giam tfl 2-5 nam ddi vdi
hai ten Quang va Tan tay sai dac
lUc
cua dich trong cudc td chflc

cudng ep di eu
va
pha rdi trat tU an ninh tren dia ban tinh. Hdn
2000 quan chung nhan dan 6 Phat Diem
va
vung phu can da tdi
du
va
td thai dp ddng tinh
iing
hd ddi vdi phien tda.
Tfl thang 2 den thang 6 nam
1955,
dap
flng yeu cau
ciia
tinh
hinh, nhiem vu mdi, Tinh uy can cfl
vao
dac diem cua dia
phUdng
da dieu ddng 120
can
bd quan, dan,
chinh.
Dang vl cac xa ed ddng
ddng bao theo dao Thien ehua d Kim Sdn
va
Yen Khanh de
xay

dung
CO
sd chinh tri, quan sU. Sau hai thang hoat ddng, cac td
cdng tac eua tinh cung vdi cap uy, chinh quyen,
cac
doan the' quan
chung
va lUc
lupng vu trang da
xay
dUng dupe 2304 cd sd d hai
huyen Kim Sdn
va
Yen Khanh. Mdt sd xa trpng diem, nhU Phuc
Nhac (Yen Khanh), Phat Diem, Td Hieu, Van Hai (Kim Sdn) da
xay dung dupc 770 cd sd, trong dd cd 363 cd sd la ngUdi cdng giao,
lUa
chpn, dao tao, bdi dUdng dupe
210 can
bd cdt can.
CP
sd quan ehung
each
mang dupe
xay
dilng da cd tac dung
lam ndng cdt cho viec thUc hien cac chu trUdng, chinh sach cua
Dang
d
dia phuong, nhat la trong dau tranh chdng dich

cUdng
ep,
du do ddng bao di cU
vao
Nam, chdng
am
mUu
va
hanh dpng
pha hoai cua bpn phan dpng ndi dia.
VI
quan
sU,
den thang 7 nam
1954,
lUe lUdng
du
ki'eh toan
tinh ed 6664 ngUdi, trong dd cd 130 can bd
xa
dpi, 952
can
bd
thdn dpi, trung binh moi xa cd tfl mpt trung dpi den mdt dai dpi.
Rieng vung tam chiem lau ngay Kim Sdn,
lijfe Iflpng
du kich
rsit
16
mdng (ed hdn 400 can bd, dpi vien) va chi mdi td chflc dupc d

26/70 thdn trong 19/22 xa
ciia
huyen. So lupng du kich so vdi
trUdc cdn it, hau het anh chi em da dupc ren luyen
thfl
thach,
sang lpc qua chien dau, dpi ngu
dam bao
tin cay. Budc vao thdi
ky each mang mdi, anh chi em hang hai phan khdi thUc hien eac
nhiem vu khac phuc hau qua chien tranh, phuc hoi
san
xuat va
chdng dich eUdng ep ddng bao cdng giao di cU
Trudc yeu ciu mdi cua nhiem vu tri an san sang chien dau,
Tinh dpi Ninh Binh da chu trUdng thdng qua cudc dau tranh
chinh
tri
chdng dich cuong
ep
di cu, md ddt eung ed va phat trien
manh du kich trong
toan
tinh, dac biet
la
d
cac vung bi
dich chiem
ddng
lau

ngay. Tinh den eudi nam 1955, sd can bd, dpi vien du
kich mdi bd sung, phat trien trong
ca
tinh len tdi 4198 ngUdi,
gdm 102 can bd
xa
dpi, 473 thdn dpi
va
3623 dpi vien, dua tdng
sd du kich eu va mdi len 8994 ngudi, tang 1,35 lan so vdi thang
*>>
'51^54.
Song chat lupng eua dpi ngu mdi phat trien chUa
dam
'
;,;.: b4oi;in vay
ve ehinh tri
.
0 nhieu ndi, nhat
la
vflng mdi giai phdng
"*' ^Xni
Sdn phat trien d at, khdng dung thu tue, nguyen tac, tieu
-
'
cBuan.
Xa Gia Hung (Gia Viln)
mdt
lue thanh loai khdi dpi ngu
;•'" 55 d»u

kich da kinh qua khang chien, trong dd cd ngUdi
vao
du
Idch
tfl nam 1947, hoat ddng rat tich
cue,
nay bd vai cudc hpp da
bi
quj'
la thieu tidu
ehua'n.
Nguyen nhan cua tinh hinh tren la
:
"Su
Idnh
dgo cua cdc
cdp
uy vd su chi dgo cua tinh, huyin ddi thiiu chat che, chua nam
vung phuang
chdm
yeu cdu, chua thdy ddy du tinh
chdt
giai cdp
trong xdy dung tuc lugng. Thanh niin, phu
nvc
chua thdy dugc
Dc:
4G
NBLST2
L/V^.

'T'U ^ Yj
nhiim vu cda dodn thi chinh tri ddi udi nhiim uu xdy dung du
kich.
Mat khdc khi
pfidt
triin du kich, chua dUa tren ca sd gidc
ngg cua qu&n chung mot
so
nai tu dong phdt triin khong qua
xit
duy
it cua
xd "
(1)
Di ddi vdi xay dUng, eung cd cd sd ehinh tri
, quan
sU,
tfl thang
7 nam
1955,
Ninh Binh md dpt phat ddng quan ehung dau tranh
pha
cac
td chuc vu trang bi mat
ciia
dich d cac xfl, hp thudc hai
xa
To Hieu
va
Van Hai. Luc lupng dupc huy ddng vao lam nhiem

vu gdm : Mdt sd don vi bd dpi cua tinh va
ciia
chu
lUc
(tieu doan
922),
cdng an, tuyen huan
va
cac td cdng tac do tinh td chflc, dat
dudi sU lanh dao, ehi dao
true
tiep
eiia
Tinh
iiy va
Uy ban hanh
chinh tinh. Cac luc lupng
nay
da phdi hpp hoat ddng chat che, cd
hieu qua tren
ca
hai mat : thdng qua viec td chflc hpe tap chinh
sach tdn giao
ciia
Dang va Nha nUdc, phat dpng chung, van ddng
rieng quan chung tflng bUde td eao
cac
td chflc vu trang phan
each mang. Ddng thdi, bao vay, trinh sat,
duilg

co sd quan chung
trung kien tiep can cac ten phan ddng dau sd de nam tinh hinh.
Bang
each
dd, den eudi nam 1955, ta can ban pha dupc
cac
td
chflc vu trang
bi
mat
eiia
dich,
Idiam
pha
dung
eho bpn phan ddng
chon giau vu
klii,
tich thu 9 hdm dan nang 4 ta d nha xfl Van Hai
va
hdn
1000
vien dan tieu lien d nha ten Nguyen (xa Van Hai).
Bpn dau sd phan ddng Idi dung tdn giao bi vach mat. Hang chuc
ten tay sai dac
lUe ciia
ehung bi bat hoac bi dudi ra khdi dia ban.
Am muu cua kd thu chuan bi
lUc
lupng, vu khi chd thdi cd ndi

day chdng pha each mang bUde dau bi that bai.
(I) Trich
"Bao
cao tong ket
lOnSm
xiy dung d6n qu6n tu
ve
Ninh
Binh"
cua Tinh
dpi, nSm
1964
-ban gdc
(viettay),
tr3.
18
Khang chien thing
Ipi,
van dl giai phdng ndng dan, thUc hien
ngudi cay cd rudng trd thanh nhiem vu quan trpng hang dau.
Thuc hien chu trUPng cua Dang
va
Hd Chu tich, Tinh
iiy
Ninh
Binh tiep tuc chi dao cii
each
rupng dat dpt 4 (1) va phat ddng
cii each rudng dat dpt 5 tren pham vi toan tinh. Ngay
10-9-1956,

hai huyen Nho Quan
va
Gia Viln da ket thuc dpt 4
cai
each rudng
dat. Bat dau tfl thang
1-1956,
bdn huyen
:
Yen Khanh, Yen Md,
Kim Sdn
va
Gia Khanh phat ddng
cai each
rudng dat dpt 5. Den
cudi nam 1956, Ninh Binh da can
ban hoan
thanh
cai
each rudng
dat. Tinh ehung
ea
hai dpt
eai each
rupng dat, Ninh Binh da tich
thu, trUng thu, trUng mua 14.872 miu rudng cua dia
chii,
4440
miu rupng cdng dien
va

10.255 miu cua
cac
thanh phan khac,
tdng cong la 29.527 miu. Sd rudng
nay
da dUpc chia cho 3859 hd
ndng
dan thude thanh
phan cd
ndng,
8611 hd bin ndng va
13.833
hd trung ndng. Ngoai ra, trong
eai each
rudng dat, cd 12.470 hd
ban, ed nong dupe chia trau bd
va
ndng eu, 6.958 hd
nOng
dan
dupe chia nha d (2). Muc tieu "ngUdi
cay
ed rudng", giai cap ndng
dan dupe
hoan toan
giai phdng khdi
ach
phong kien, tien
Iln
dia

vi lam chu d ndng thdn da trd thanh hien thUe tren dia ban toan
tinh. Dd la thing Ipi to Idn,
toan
dien va ed y nghia
ehiln
lUpc,
Tuy nhien, cudc
eai
each rudng dat cung da pham nhflng thieu
sdt nghilm trpng nhU : xa rdi sU lanh dao eua cac cap
iiy
Dang
"Xfl tri sai mdt sd trUdng hpp ddi vdi
can
bp, dang vien, chien sy
da dupc ren luyen, thfl thach, cd cdng trong dau tranh each mang,
trong khi dd dpi ngu cdt
can
mdi ehUa du trinh
dp,
nang
luc,
phim
chat each mang dl' thuc hien nhiem vu tiep theo d dia
phUOng".
(/)
Tu nSm
I9S3.
Ninh
Binh

da
hit
diu thuc hien giam to
ko
cai
each ru^ng dSl
d
vung
tir
do Nho Quan, Gia Vien va mpt phin Gia Khanh.
(2) Theo "NhOng su kien lich
sii
Dang
bp
Ha Nam Ninh
(1954-1964)".
Ban Tuyen
giao
tinh
uy Ha Nam Ninh xuSt ban
1990,
tr53
19
Dudi su chi dao eua tinh dpi, huyen dpi va cua
cac doan
uy
doan cai each
rudng dat,
lUc lUdng
vu trang Ninh Binh vfla tham

gia
cai each
rudng dat vfla thdng qua dd thUc hien them mdt bUdc
cung cd
va
phat trien dpi ngu. Sau hda binh lap lai edn nhieu
thdn, xdm khdng cd du kich (thudng gpi
la
thdn, xdm "trang")
nay mdi xdm it nhat cung ed 1 td 3 ngUdi, moi xa cd it nhit mdt
trung dpi du kich. Tdng sd
can
Iw,
dpi vien du kich trong tinh
phat trien trong cii
each
rudng dat
la
16.804 ngudi (ed 501
can
bd xa dpi, 2261
can
bd thdn dpi). Rieng huyen Kim Son trong
cii
each rupng dat da bd sung
91 can
bp xa dpi (cd 28 ngUdi theo dao
Thien chua), 394 xdm dpi,
1485
du kich.

Cung ed
va
phat trien du kich trong
cai each
rudng dat la tich
cUc,
dung hudng, dung tinh than hdi nghi Tinh
iiy
md rdng ngay
29-10-1955 da de ra. Tuy vay viec chan chinh, cung cd
va
phat
trien dan quan du kich trong thdi gian
nay
cung cdn thieu sdt,
giam sut so vdi thdi ky khang chien.
Can
bd mdi nhieu, nhUng
kha nang lanh dao, chi huy
va
uy tin thip. Trong du kich, nhieu
ngudi cd quan he ehinh tri khdng td't, cd
ea
nhflng phan tfl xau-
lot
vao
dpi ngu. Nguyen nhan chu yeu
la
cap cd tham quyen d cd
sd khdng nam vflng tieu chuan

vao
du kich va
ban
chat chinh tri
cua ddi tuong ket nap, mdi chi nhin
vao
sU tich cUc bl ngoai eua
ddi tupng, hoac thay hp
la
ngudi cd ngheo, cd khd song khdng
thay hp da thoai hda, bien chat vl ehinh
tri-
Mdt thieu sdt nfla
la : Viec chan chinh, cung ed luc lupng du
kich
d eP sd trong
eai
each rupng dat da xfl tri sai mot sd can bd xa dpi, thdn dpi
va
dpi
vien du kich.
Tuy nhien, nhflng sai lam eua
cai
each rupng dat da dUdc
Trung Udng Dang va Hd Chu tich sdm phat hien, chi dao sfla
chfla kip
thdi.
Dang bp
Ninh Binh can cfl vao su chi dao eua Trung
20

Udng da tu phe binh va kien quyet td chflc thfle hien sfla sai bang
nhflng bien phap cu the, phu hpp.
Cung vdi ket
qua
sfla sai cua
cai each
rudng dat, cdng cudc
khdi phuc kinh te, phat trien van hda d Ninh Binh den cudi nam
1957 da can
ban hoan
thanh. Nhieu thanh tuu dat dupc da lam
phan chan long ngudi :
san
lupng lua nam
1957
tang gap 2 lan
nam
1939.
Cac nganh
san
xuat cdng nghiep qudc doanh, thu cong
nghiep va cdng nghiep tu doanh dupc khdi phuc va phat trien .
Ndng trudng qudc doanh Ddng Giao do
lUc
lupng bp dpi chu
lUc
chuyen nganh sang
xay
dUng sdm ra ddi, vfla cd y nghia kinh te
vfla mang y nghia qudc phdng. Phong trao ddi cdng

san
xuat
trong ndng dan phat trien soi ndi, rdng khap. Su nghiep giao due
dupe phuc hdi va phat trien d
ca
3 nganh hoc : bd tuc, van hda,
phd thdng
va v8
long. Den thang 12-1956 toan tinh cd 26.278
ngUdi dupc thanh toan nan mu chfl (dat 82,5% ke hoach) ; xa
Lien Sdn (Gia Viln) va thi tran Phat Diem (Kim Sdn) dupc
thudng Huan
ehUdng lao
ddng vl thanh tich hoan thanh tdt ke
hoach xda nan mu chfl.
Theo chu trUdng eua Dang va Hd Chu tich : Dua
miin
Bic
tien nhanh, tien manh, tien vflng chac len chu nghia xa hdi de
tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cuoc dau tranh giai phdng mien Nam,
thdng nhit da't nUdc, nam
1958,
dangbd,
quan va dan Ninh Binh
thfle
hien cdng cudc
cai
tao
xa
hdi chu nghia

va
bUde dau phat
trien kinh
tl-van
hda theo kl hoach 3 nam (1958-1960). De'n
thang
12
nam
1960,
Ninh Binh da
can
ban hoan thanh ke hoach
3 nam dung thdi han. Toan tinh cd 78.749 hd ndng dan (chiem
88,76%
sd hd) tu nguyen tham gia vao 662 HTX ndng nghiep bac
thap,
trong dd sd hd giao dan
vao
HTX dat 74%,
miin
nui dat
21