Báo cáo " Mấy nét về tổ chức và hoạt động của Công đảng Anh." potx

f^*
.i^
MAY
MET VE
TO
CHlTC
VA HOAT
BOMG
• •
CrA COIVG BAJVG AIVH
Ths.
Mai Hoai Anh
Vien Quan he quoc te
Hoc vien Chfnh tri - Hdnh chfnh quoc gia Ho Chf Minh
I.
Cff cau td chiic ciia Cdng dang
Khdi qudt qud trinh phdt trien:
Nam 1900, Cdng dang Anh dugc thanh
lap vdi tu
each
dai dien chinh tri cho nhirng
lgi fch cua giai cap cdng nhan va cac td
cbu:c
cong doan. Ten ban dau cua nd la Uy ban
Dai dien Lao dgng (The Labour
Representation Committee) tren ca sa lien
hgp giira Td chuc Nghiep doan (Trade Union
Congress) va Dang Lao dgng Dpc lap
(Independent Labour Parly), den nam 1906,
td chiic nay mai lay ten la Cdng dang
(Labour Party). Nam

1924,
lan dau tien Cdng
dang tra thanh dang cam quyen d Vuong
qudc Anh va tiep dd, Cong dang da nam
quydn lanh dao dat nuac qua cac thai ky
1929-1931,
1945-1951, 1964-1970,
1974-
1979.
Tir cudi thap nien 80 cua thd ky XX,
Cong dang sau mgt thai gian dai khong nam
quydn da bat tay tim kiem con dudng mai
nhim thoat khdi tinh the khd khan. Sau that
bai tai cupc tdng tuyen cu nam 1987, Cdng
dang da tien hanh xem xet lai cac chfnh sach
truydn thdng ciia Dang. Nam 1992, sau khi
John Smith lam Chu tich Dang, lai tien hanh
cai
each
che do bau cu ciia Dang, thuc hien
"che do mdt nguai mdt phieu'' bau lanh lu.
Nam 1994, Tony Blair
Ird
thanh Chu lich
Dang, duai khau bieu xay dung "Cdng dang
mai"
(New Labour) da lien banh cai each
Cdng dang, lam cho Cdng dang chi trong
thdi gian ngan da thuc hien "hien dai boa",
tir mot chinh dang truyen thong coi trong

hinh thai y thuc chuyen bien thanh chinh
dang hien dai lay viec tranh cu len cam
quyen lam muc lieu phan dau chu yeu. Ket
qua la Cdng dang da lien tuc thang cir va
cam quyen 3 nhiem ky lien liep tir nam
1997
den nam 2010. Trong cuoc bau cu Qudc hgi
thang 5/2010, Cdng dang duai su lanh dao
cua Gordon Brown da that bai va phai
nhudng quyen thanh lap chfnh phu cho Dang
Bao thil.
Truac tinh hinh do, tai Dai hoi Cdng
dang dien ra ngay 25/9/2010, dng Ed
Miliband da dugc bau lam
Chii
tich Dang,
danh dau
sir
chuyen giao the he lanh dao va
mgt khdi dau mai
ciia
Cdng dang. Doan
tuyet vai thdi ky truoc, trd ve cgi nguon va
tim lai ban sac truyen thong la nhiing net
chfnh trong quan diem chinh sach mdi
ciia
Cong dang nham som tra lai cuong vi cim
14
NGHIEN
CCfU

CHAU AU
EUROP.^.,
^.
quyen.
Nhi
cm vu cua Cong ddng la phai
ddng
Ihdi
day lui
sir
trdi day cua canh
hiru
Iheo
dudrng loi bao thu va chinh phuc dugc
khu trung lam giiia la va
hQ"u,
giiia xa hgi
dan chil va bao thu, va phai tranh thu cac to
chirc cdng doan va xa hoi, the hien kha nang
trong chfnh sach kinh lc, an ninh.
Cff cau to chuc cua Cdng ddng bao
gdm:
Dgi
hc)i
Ddng: Dai hoi Ddng dugc to
chiic
hang nam. la ca quan quyet sach cao
nhat cua Ddng. Theo Dieu lc Ddng, boat
ddng cua Dang dugc lien hdnh duai
sir chi

dao vd kiem soat cua dai hpi Ddng. Dai hpi
Ddng bau ra Ban Lanh dao todn quoc. Thdnh
vien
ciia
Dai hgi khodng ban 1.000 cac dai
bieu dugc uy nhiem tir cac bg phan cua Ddng
nhu: ddng Nghi vien, Cong dodn, khu vuc
bau cu, Dai hgi Ddng quyet dinh chfnh
sdch vd nhiing van de quan trgng cua Ddng.
Nhiing de xuat nhan dugc ft nhat 2/3 da sd
dai bieu tan thdnh se tra thanh mgt pban nghi
quyet cua Dang. Tuy nhien, lanh dao Ddng
ket hgp vai NEC co quyen bo sung them cdc
chfnh sach cua Ddng.
Ban Lanh dgo todn qudc (National
Executive Comitee - NEC): Ld ca quan qudn
ly cao nhat cua Ddng, gom 29 thdnh vien,
trong do 27 thdnh vien dugc todn the Dai hgi
hoac mgt bo phan thdnh vien Dai hgi bau ra,
dai dien cho cac bg phan khac nhau cua
Ddng vd theo Dieu le Ddng chiu
sir
chi dao,
dieu hdnh ciia Dai hgi Ddng va c6 quyen
dieu hdnh Ddng giira hai ky Dai hgi.
- Ddng Nghi vien (Parliamentary
Labour Parly - PLP): Bao gdm cdc nghi
sT
la
dang vien cua Ddng. Co vai tro dai dien cho

chfnh sdch, lgi fch cua Ddng cung nhu lgi ich
cua cdc cu tri a Nghi vien. Ddng Nghi vien
luon ddng vai tro rit quan trgng trong ca cau
td chuc cua Cong ddng (ciing vai to chuc
Ddng a cac khu vuc bau cu; Cong dodn va
cac to chuc phu Ihugc khdc). Khi Id ddng ddi
lap,
PLP
CO
quyen bau "ngi cdc bong" Dai
hdi Ddng co
Irach
nhiem hudng dan Dang
Nghi vien vd cdc thdnh vien Nghi vien thirc
hien chuang trinh hdnh dgng, nhung bien
phdp vd thai gian lai do PLP quyel dinh.
Td chuc ddng khu vuc bdu cit
(Constituency Labour Parties - CLP): Ld td
chuc ca sa
ciia
Cong dang, co nhiem vu
chfnh
Id
xem xet va quyet dinh cac ung cu
vien tranh cu vdo Ha \ ien de ca quan trung
uong dang thong qua. Ngodi ra, to chiic nay
con thuc hien cdc nhiem vu khdc nhu tang
ngudn tdi chfnh, tuyen truyen chfnh sdch cua
Ddng, to
chiic

van dong bau cu. Td chuc
Ddng a moi khu vuc bau
cii
deu thiet lap
"Hgi dong quan ly" khodng 50 ngudi, gdm
dai bieu cua dodn the, ddng vien ca nhan
chiem 60%) va dai bieu cua cac to chuc phu
thuge (Cong dodn, hgp tac xa ) chidm 40%.
Quyen luc ciia Cong ddng tap trung chu
yeu a lanh tu Dang, Dai hgi Dai bidu loan
quoc vd Ban Lanh dao toan quoc. Lanh tu
Ddng vira
Id Chii
tich Dang, viia Id Chu tich
Ddng Nghi vien, co quyen
lire
tuang ddi lan,
do Dang Nghi vien cung vdi mgt s6 dai dien
tir cdc ca sa Dang bau ra. Khi Cong dang
/tiAJuj,
iixM,
mL
i,t>
anjuLa
IML
ruHU.
ajpriq,
15
cam quyen, lanh tu Ddng se ddm nhan chuc
Thil tudng, dong thai chi huy cdc thdnh vien

Ngi cdc; khi Cong dang khong nam quyen se
la lanh tu cua ddng doi lap, dong thai chi
dinh chiic vu cu the cho cdc thdnh vien cua
"npi cac bdng" md Ddng Nghi vien bau. Khi
Cdng ddng khong cam quyen, Chu tich vd
Phd Chil tich Ddng phdi lien hdnh bau lai d
Dai hoi Dai bieu todn qudc hdng nam (hoac
d Hpi nghi Bau cu do Ban Lanb dao todn
qudc dac biet bo tri), cdn khi dang chap
chfnh thi khdng can bau lai. Dieu dd cd
nghTa
Id,
lanh tu Ddng se cd nhiem ky
Thii
ludng ngang bang vai nhiem ky cua Ha vien
(trong trudng hgp dac biet, Tbu tudng tir
chiic
giira nhiem ky tbi Dai hgi Dang se bau
lanh tu mai vd tiep nhan chiic vu Thu tudng
md khdng can phdi to chirc mgt cugc bau cir
Quoc hoi mdi. Trudng hgp dng Gordon
Brown thay dng Tony Blair ldm lanh tu
Ddng vd Thu tudng
Id
mgt vf du cu the). Do
viec lanh tu Ddng ddng thdi cGng
Id
Thu
tudng, nen trong cac van de chfnh sdch, giira
Dang vd Chfnh phu se tao ra

sir
nhat qudn.
Hon
niia,
cdc vi bg trudng ciing chfnh
Id
nhiing nguoi dung dau cdc phe nhdm
ciia
Ddng trong Qudc hgi, nen hau nhu ngudi ta
khd cd the nhan thay mau thuan ndo trong
dudng ldi
ciia
Cong ddng vdi cac cbinh sach
md chfnh phu de xuat va thuc hien.
Truac kia, viec bau lanh tu Ddng do
Cong dodn chii tri theo che do bo phieu tap
the (trong dd Cong dodn dugc an dinh 40%)
s6 phieu, Dang Nghi vien
30%)
va Dang Khu
vuc bau cu 30%) nen rat bat lgi cho tinh dan
chu trong Ddng.
Tir
nam
1993,
Cong dang da
lien hdnh cdi each trinh tu bau lanh tu, phe
bd chd do bo
phidu
tap

Ihl,
thuc hien moi
ngudi mgt phieu vd mdi mot bg pban deu c6
ly le phieu nhu nhau
Id
1/3. Hon thd, nguai
dugc de
cii
phdi dugc
sir iing
ho cua 12,5%)
sd tbanh vien cua Ddng Nghi vien mai cd the
dugc de ten, con khi cd nguai mudn thach
Ihiic
vai lanb tu duong nhiem thi phdi dugc
sir iing
hg cua 20%) trong sd ddng vien d
Nghi vien' Viec dp dung phuong phap ndy
Id
lieu chf danh dau Cdng ddng lay che do
dan
chii
true tiep thay the cho che do dan chu
uy thac, vd cdng
Id
mot trong nhiing
sir
khdc
biel ve td chirc giiia Cong ddng mdi vdi
Cdng ddng

cQ.
Ve dpi ngd ddng vien:
Nhu nhieu chfnh ddng khdc d Tay Au,
hien tai Cdng ddng ciing dang phdi ddi mat
vai tinh trang suy gidm ddng vien. Nam
1993,
sd lugng ddng vien Cdng dang cd
khoang
310.000,
den nam
1997
da tang 30%,
len tai
405.000^,
nhung lai bi
siit
gidm
nghiem trgng vdo nhiing nam sau do, chi con
208.000 vdo nam 2004 vd 198.000 vdo nam
2005^
Mac
dii
cdn cd hon 4 trieu thdnh vien
Cdng dodn
Id
hgi vien chfnh thu:c cua Cdng
^
r
ddng vd cd quyen bd phieu vai tu
each

ca
' Hien dgi hoa trong he thong to chuc
ciia
Cong ddng
Anh,
Tap chi NhiJng
vin dS
CNXH
thS
giai
duong
dai
(Trung
Qu6c),
s6
3/2002.
^
Dennis Kavanagh, British Politics - Continuities
and
Change,
Oxford University Press, 2000, p 220.
^
Luang
van
K6,
He thing chinh ddng vd ca so ludt
phdp cua cdc ddng ddn chu xa hgi chdu Au
(Dice.
Anh,
Thuy Dien), Tham luan tai Hoi thao

"T6
chuc va
boat dong cua
dan^
dan
chii xa
hoi qua kinh nghiem
cua
Diic,
Thuy DiSn, Anh", do Hpc
vi8n
Chinh tri
H^nh
chinh qu6c gia
H6 Chi
Minh
v^
Vien FES
t6
chiirc.
Ha
Noi
11-12/10/2011.
16
NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU AU
EUROP^
nhan bau lanh dao Ddng theo cac quy Irinh
hien hdnh, nhung linh trang ndy

neu
khong
nhanh chdng khac phuc co the se dan lai
nhieu anh huang lieu cue den
sir
ton lai cua
Dang vi: Ddng vien Id bo phan hgp thdnh rat
quan trpng Irong bo may bau cir cua Ddng,
de bat lanh lu Dang,
lira
chon dai bieu
ciia
Dang va giup Dang md rong pham vi dnh
huang chfnh tri, xay dung to chiic Ddng vd
ung hg ldi chfnh cho Ddng van hdnh; Dong
Ihdi,
hg lao ra khdng gian thir nghiem vd
kiem nghiem chfnb sach cua Ddng; Ngodi ra,
hp cdn
Id
"dai
sii"
cua Ddng a nhirng nai hp
cu
Iru.
Do dd, de duy tri
sir
ton tai vd pbal
trien cua Dang, nhiem vu hang dau
ciia

Cong
ddng
Id
phdt trien Dang nham bdo ddm so
lugng ddng vien tuong doi, dua hg vdo cdc to
chiirc ca sa chfnh thuc hoac phi chfnh thuc vd
bdo ve
sir
trung thdnh chfnh trj cua hg. Truac
kia ddng vien Cong ddng theo che do ddng
vien lap the. Tir nam 1994, Cong ddng dp
dung bien phap day nhanh hon nira nhip
do
phat trien ddng vien cd nhan. Mgt mat,
khuyen khfch nhieu ddng vien gia nhap ddng
tap the qua to chuc Cong dodn, thuc hien tbu
luc de tra thdnh ddng vien cd nhan; Mat
khac,
thu
hiit
nhieu ddng vien cd nhan tir xa
hgi nham
mdr
rgng tfnh dai dien vd tfnh ma
ngd cua Dang.
Thii
tuc vdo Ddng ciing dugc
don gian hod, Cong ddng chi yeu cau ddng
vien thira nhan cucng
ITnh

Ddng vd nop dang
phf.
Ve ky luat Ddng:
Mot trong nhiing ly do can bdn dan tai
sir
thdnh cong cua Cong dang trong nhimg
nam qua la Dang da dp dung thanh cong he
Ihdng
id
chuc vd ky luat.
Sir
cd ket trong ndi
bg Ddng la vin dd c6 y nghTa sdng con. Mac
dii
Irong ngi bg Cong ddng cung bao gdm
nhieu phe phdi vai nhiing lgi fch bet sue da
dang vd
phiic
tap, nhung day
Id
van de trong
ngi bg Dang. Cdn khi
the
hien ra ben ngoai,
hp phdi
Id
mgt khoi thong
nhai.
Cdc boat
dgng, ngon luan cua urng cir vien nghi sT,

nguai phat ngon
ciia
Ddng va cac to chiic
Dang Khu vuc bau
cii
phdi chiu
sir
chi dao
vd gidm sat cua Trung uong Ddng \ a lanh lu.
Neu cac nghi
sT
cua Cong ddng lam cho danh
du cua Ddng bi ton bai thi lanh tu Ddng cd
quycn khai trir hg ra khoi Dang Thong qua
nhirng quy djnh dd, quyen han cua Ban Lanh
dao lodn quoc vd Lanh tu Ddng dugc tang
cudng, quyen ban cua to chiic ca sa bao gdm
cdc dodn the nhu Cong dodn \d to chiic
Ddng Khu vuc bau cu bi cat gidm.
Ve tdi chinh cua Ddng:
Truac kia, kinh phf
ciia
Dang
chii
yeu
dua vdo Cong doan. Nham giam
sir
phu
thuge ldi chinh dan tdi tinh trang can thiep
qud sau cua Cong doan doi vdi Ddng, lir cudi

thap nien 80, Cong dang da cai each bang
each lung buac thu but tir cdc ngudn xa hdi.
Ndu nhu nam 1983, 96%) tdng thu nhap cua
Ddng (bao gom ca quy bau cu) deu den tir
Cong dodn, thi
10
nam sau d6 con khong den
2/3 va nam 1997 chi con 40%. Hien nay,
kinh phi cua Cong ddng chu ydu ddn tir dang
phi
ciia
dang vien (chidm
10%
tdng thu nhap
ciia Ddng), tien quyen gop
ciia
cac ca nhan,
"
David Butler and Gareth Butler,
Thxventieth-Century
British Political Facts
1900-2000,
Macmiland Press,
London2000,
p.
291.
j/uig.
net
04>,
tr^

elute.
art
l^iagt
Hdng,.
17
to chiic (chiem tai 50-80%) thu nhap
ciia
Ddng),
mot phan tu tdi trg cua nhd nuac duai
dang lien phdt trien chfnh sdch vd khi a vi trf
ddng ddi lap trong Ha vien (Short Money)
ciing
nhu Thugng vien (Cranborne Money).
2.
Phirong thuc cam quyen ciia Cdng
dang
Ddi vdi
Cff
quan lap phdp:
Trung tam cua he thdng chfnh tri Anh
qudc
Id
Qudc hoi. De gidnh dugc quyen
kiem sodl Qudc hoi, mot dang chfnh tri phdi
gianh dugc da sd ghe trong cupc bau cir, vd
sau do gianh luon quyen thdnh lap Chfnh
phii.
Vdi phucng thurc tren, khi mpt dang
thang
cii,

hg cd quyen kiem sodt cd ca quan
lap phap vd ca quan hdnh phdp. Chfnh vi
vay, van de dat ra ddi vai Cdng ddng khdng
chi
Id
tim each tdc dgng, hoac gay dp
lire
vdo
qua trinh lap phdp, md van de
Id
phdi lam sao
de gidnh thang lgi trong bau cu Qudc hoi vd
giii dugc
sir
thong nhat trong Ddng khi Ddng
trd thdnh ddng cam quyen. Mgt khi da kiem
sodt dugc Qudc bgi vai da sd dp
ddo.
Dang
cd the kiem sodt ca quan lap phap vd de ddng
the che hod cucng
ITnh
vd dudng ldi chfnh tri
cua minh thdnh cdc dao luat, cac chfnh sach
ciia
nhd nuac. Cong ddng da dp dung cdc
bien phdp sau:
Mpt
Id,
sii

dung cac uy ban chuyen mon
cua Ddng de xay dung cdc chuang trinh lap
phap vd chi dao qua trinh soan thdo cac du
luat truac khi no dugc trinh tai Quoc hgi. Ca
r
cau hoach dinh
chinh
sach cua Cong dang
bao gom: Dien dan Chfnh sach quoc gia, Uy
ban Chinh sach vd Uy ban Chfnh sach lien
hgp
Dien dan Chfnh sach qudc gia
(National Policy Forum NPF) gom 8
ily
ban chfnh sach, phu trach tham tra, giam sat
linh hinh vd dd xuat phat trien chfnh sdch cua
Ddng tren cac
ITnh
vuc kinh le vd xa hoi,
mau dich vd sdn nghiep, mdi Irudng, van ldi
vd khu vuc, y le vd phiic lgi, gido due vd viec
ldm, tgi pham va tu phap, dan chu vd cdng
dan, dugc tdng hgp thdnh "Ke hoach che
djnh chfnh sach hdnh dpng" Sau khi Ke
hoach dugc Diln dan thdo luan se de Irinh
len Uy ban Chfnh sdch lien hgp. Uy ban nay
do Chu ljch Ddng chu tri, phu trach giam sdt
viec thuc thi Ke hoach, bao gom nghien curu
hoach dinh chfnh sdch, tuyen ngdn tranh cu
va van de tranh cir, tham duyet vd de trinh

cdc van kien chinh sdch len Ban Chap hdnh
lodn qudc
cvia
Ddng. Ban Chap bdnh loan
qudc se dem nhiing van kien ndy trung cau y
kien
ciia
todn Ddng. Uy ban Chfnh sach co
nhiem vu tiep thu cdc y kien cd lien quan,
khdi thdo bao cdo chfnh sdch de trinh dl Dai
hoi Ddng tranh luan vd thdng qua thdnh Nghj
quyet^
Van kien chfnh sdch mgt khi dugc
Dai hgi Ddng thdng qua la dugc dua vdo
Cuong
ITnh
tranh cu cua Ddng vd dugc tbuc
thi khi Dang thang
cii
len cim quyen. Uy
ban Chfnh sdch ciing cd the lay nhiing van
kien cd lien quan de triln khai boat dgng
"ddi thoai giiia Ddng vd Chfnh phu", lidn
hdnh tnmg cau dan
y
Thong qua cac moi lien he chat che vai
cdc thdnh vien ciia Quoc hoi vd cdc quan
chiic cao cap
ciia
chfnh

phii,
cdc chuyen gia
Dennis Kavanagh, British Politics - Continuities
and
Change,
Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 204.
18
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU
EUROh
cao cap Irong cac Uy ban co vai
Iro
quan
Irong doi vai qua trinh hoach dinh chfnh
sach quoc gia vi ho xae dinh chuang trinh
lap phap cung nhu cac
ITnh
vuc chinh sach
khae nhau cua dai song kinh te - chfnh tri
van hoa xa hoi.
Sir
lac dong qua lai giiia
eac ca che hoach dinh chfnh sach giup cho
Dang xac dinh dugc cac van de chfnh sach
truac khi nd dugc dua ra Noi cac hay Quoc
hoi
quN
et dinh.
Hai

Id.
nam
giir
nhirng uy ban quan
trpng
ciia
Qudc hoi de
kiC-m
soat qua trinb
lap phap. Cdc
iiy
ban thuoc Ha vien dugc
giao chiic trach dieu tra cac
sir
vu va giam
sal moi boat dgng cua cbinh phu. Khdc vdi
mpt so nuac
khac.
Ha vien Anh khdng Ihanh
lap cac
u\
ban ihudng
true
de thuc hien
nhiem vu lap phdp, md chi thdnh lap cac uy
ban lam thai chuan bj cac du an luat cu the
vd cdc
li)'
ban nay cbi xem xet du an luat sau
khi da co nhung dong y ve nguyen tac

ciia
Nghi vien sau lan dgc
Ihii
bai. Viec lien hdnh
thdo luan, Iranh cai cung nhu
siia
doi cdc du
ludl
chii
yeu dugc tien hdnh lai cdc uy ban.
Sau khi da hodn tat nhiing
Ihii
tuc tai cac uy
ban chuyen mon, du luat dugc chuyen den
phien hop lodn the cua Quoc hgi. Tai day,
Cdng ddng se
sir
dung quyen cua da so de bd
phieu thdng qua hoac chdng lai du luat bang
da so ap ddo.
Siic
manh cua Ddng trong cdc
uy ban dugc xac dinh bdri
sir
tucng quan
lire
lugng trong Quoc hgi. Trong thai gian cim
quyen, Cong ddng thuong dua cac nghi sT
cua minh giir chiic
chii

tich cdc uy ban quan
trong (ngoai trir mgt so
iiy
ban co chiic nang
giam sdt nhu Uy ban Tdi chfnh cong )
nhim kilm soat qud trinh thong qua chfnh
f
sach vd ngdn ngira khd ndng ldm tac nghgn
qua Irinh lap phap bdri cdc ddng doi lap.
Ngodi ra, Ddng con lim each bo nhiem cac
nha quy lgc co cung lap truang vdo Thugng
vien. Hiu het cac du luat truac khi dugc dua
ra trinh Ha vien da dugc Ban lanh dao cua
Dang thdo luan
Iruac.
Vi vay, cdc phien hpp
loan the cua Ha vien dudng nhu chi
Id
de
hgp phap boa cdc chinh sdch cua Ddng ma
thoi.
Ba
Id,
xay dung mgt he
ihong
ky luat
chat che nham chi dao cac dang vien cua
Ddng trong Quoc hgi bo phieu theo dinh
hudng cua Ddng.
Khi bo phieu lai Quoc hgi, cdc dang

vien trong Dang Nghj vien khdng the bo
phieu
Iheo
y chf ciia ban
than,
md bupc phai
bd phieu
Iheo
y chi chung da dugc gidi lanh
dao Irong Dang nhat tri thong qua. Dieu do
cung de hieu, bai \
ice
tra thdnh nghj
sT
cua
hg
Id
do Dang diing ra gidi thieu. Cir tri bd
phieu truac het la cho Dang, chir khong phai
cho cd nhan cdc nghj
sT
tning cu. Ke cd trong
Irudng hgp
iing cii
vien do von la ddng vien
-
quan chiic duong nhiem, sau khi xin ra khdi
Ddng va tranh cir vdi tu cdch dgc lap.
Thudng truac moi cugc bo philu quan trpng,
cdc nghi

sT thii ITnh
Ddng trong Qudc hpi da
cd cugc hgp tni bj rieng dl thdng
nhai
phuang an bo philu cua cac nghi sT. Thuc te
chfnh trj cho thiy,
sir
trung thanh ddi vai phe
phai, vai dang cua minh tra thanh mgt trong
nhirng tieu chuan
ciia
cac nha chinh tri. Do
vay, tinh trang "ddo ngG", khong bo phieu
theo
sir
chi dao ciia Dang hau nhu kho co the
jiLaij,
nez
04L
tt^
eJttla
IUL
tuuit
Umig
19
xdy ra. Cd the noi, trong che do nghi vien ndi
chung, mo hinh chfnh trj Anh quoc ndi rieng,
ky luat ddng tdt (bd phieu theo djnh hudng
r
f

X
ciia
Ddng) la yeu to quan trgng cho
sir
ton lai
ciia
Chfnh
phii^
Cd the ndi, Cdng ddng da dp dung kha
Ihanh cdng cdc ky nang kiem soat qud Irinh
lap phap vd duy tri dugc quyen lanh dao cua
minh Irong Quoc hpi, dac biel Id a Ha vien.
Cdn khi khdng cam quyen, a vdo vj tri dang
ddi lap trong Nghi vien, Cdng ddng cd trach
nhiem lim ra
sir
khiem khuyet cua Ddng Bdo
thu
cam quyen, san sang thay the khi ddng
ndy khdng cdn dugc cir tri
tin
nhiem.
Ddi vdi
Cff
quan hdnh phdp:
Theo ca che hien hdnh, Chfnh
phii
Anh
qudc dugc hinh thdnh dua tren ca sa mpt
ddng duy nhat cam quyen.

Tbii
tudng
Id
ngudi lanh dao ddng chiem da sd ghe trong
Qudc bdi dugc bau. Dieu do ciing cd nghTa
rang, cdc nguyen tac vd
tbii
luc
lira
chgn
Thii
ludng
Id
cdng viec bj chi phdi bdi cac ddng
chfnh trj. Trong qua trinh tren, cdc nhd lanh
dao
chii
chdt
ciia
Ddng
Id
nhiing ngudi cd
quyen quyet djnh cao nhat.
Trong khudn kho cua mo hinh Nghj
vien, da so cdc
dir
luat dugc thong qua d
Quoc hgi
Id
do ca quan hdnh phap chuan bj.

Chfnh Ban Lanh dao Ddng, nhiing ngudi
dang nam giir cac cucng vj trong bg may nhd
nuac hoac chi giii nhirng cuong vj then chdt
trong Ddng,
Id lire
lugng cbi dao bg mdy
hdnh phap, md truac tien la thong qua Thu
^ Ng6 Huy
Due,
Ddng chinh tri
a
cdc nuac tu bdn chit
nghTa,
Thong tin Chinh
trj
hoc,
s6
15/2003.
tudng vd cdc bd Irudng. Nhirng nguai ndy se
phdi chuan bj cdc du dn, cdc chfnh sach theo
cdc de cuang da dugc cac uy ban chuyen
mon
ciia
Ddng soan thdo. Vai quyen ra cac
van bdn duai luat,
liic Id
true liep hoa cdc
dieu khodn
ciia
luat, Chfnh pbu ciing luan

thii
cdc nguyen lac lanh dao cua Dang, the hien
dugc linh than ma Ban lanh dao Ddng da
thdng qua. Trong Irudng hgp xual hien
nhirng bat dong Irong ngi bp Ddng, giira
nhiing ngudi dang nam giii ca quan hdnh
phap vai bp pban cdn lai trong Ddng, hoac
giua dai dien cua cdc phe phai trong Chfnh
phil, viec lanh dao ca quan ndy
ciia
Dang se
dugc tbuc hien thdng qua cdc ddng vien
trong Quoc bgi. Cdc ddng vien trong Ha vien
se su dung quyen chat van
ciia
minh de buoc
cac bo Irudng trong chfnh
phii
phai dieu
chinh chinh sdch. O mpt
miic
dp cao ban,
mpt vj bp trudng cd the phdi tir chiic do
khdng tim ra dugc nhirng ddi sdch hieu qua.
Ngodi ra, bang
Id
phieu cua minh, cdc ddng
vien nghj
sT
trong Ha vien cd the bd phieu

bat tfn nhiem ddi vai Chfnh
phii,
bupc Thu
tudng ciing Ngi cdc phdi lir
chire
vd thay
Ihl
bang mpt e kfp lanh dao mai
ciia
Ddng. Tren
thuc te, dieu ndy khd xdy ra. Nhin bl ngodi,
viec Quoc hgi bdc bd cac dudng loi, chfnh
sdch do Chfnh
phii
de xuat la bieu hien cua
mau thuan giiia ca quan lap phdp ddi vai ca
quan hdnh phdp, nhung thuc chit do ching
qua chi
Id
bieu hien
ciia
nhirng mau thuan
trong npi bg
ciia
ddng cam quyin md thdi.
Ddi vdi
Cff
quan
tir
phdp:

Tu phap la mot bg phan quan trong cua
cong quyen.
Sir
chi phoi doi vdi ca quan tu
20
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU EURO-
==[u)
s'^iflMvy
[oMdV/iir^w/iuro^ii'rj'n
33\-5!011
phap
Id
mot mat quan trgng dc Ddng cam
quycn ciing co dia
\\
eua minh. (ung nhu
nhilu dang chinh trj khac a eae nudrc phuang
Tay, Cdng ddng khi cam quyen thudrng sir
dung nhirng phuang thiic sau dc chi
plidi
ca
quan lu phap: Mot
Id,
thdng qua Nghj
vien
dc
qu>
dinh kel cau \

a
chirc nang
ciia
ca quan
lu phap, Ihdng qua vice thirc
Ihi dieu
khoan
cua phap luat dc quan
Iricl
y do chinh
Iri
cua
ddng. Hai Id. thdng qua \iee gidi
thieu
hoac
true
liep bd
nhiem
nhan
VICMI
lu phap cap cao
dc lac dpng lai ca quan lu phap. Do vay,
ben
canh \
i
trf Huan
luac
Chuang an (Bp truang
Bg Tu phdp), Cong ddng cung phdi
lira

chpn
ngudi ddm nhiem chiic vu Chanh dn Tda dn
Tdi cao. Bdi vi,
Iheo
luat phdp Anh, Chdnh
an Tod an Tdi cao
Id
ngudri diing dau lu
phap.
nhung lai la thdnh vien cua Thugng
vien, dong thai cdng la thdnh vien cua hdnh
phdp,
CO
nghTa
Id
chiic vu ndy nam a giao
diem
ciia
3 nhanh quyen
lire
nhd nuac, vj trf
ndy cd quyen can
cii
vdo de
cii ciia
ca quan
vd cac td chiic tu phdp khdc nhau de bd
nhiem chanh an
Ida
an cap thap vd Chdnh an

Trj an. Thong qua vj
Irf
ndy, Cong ddng cd
the phoi hgp mgt cdch hdi hoa giiia boat
dong
ciia
ca quan tu phdp vai chfnh sdch cua
chfnh phil.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
Hien dgi hoa trong he thdng to chuc
cua Cdng ddng Anh, Tap chf Nhiing vin dh
CNXH the giai duong dai (Trung Qudc), s6
3/2002.
2.
Nguyen Xuan
TI
- Dang Dinh Thanh,
Vai trd
ciia
cdc ddng chinh tri ndi chung,
dang cdm quyin ndi rieng ddi vdi nhd
nu&c
trong chu nghia tu hdn hien dgi (qua khdo
.sdt
mpt
sc')
md hinh tieu bieu). Tap chf Khoa
hoc phap ly, so 1/2003.
3.

Ngo Huy
Diic,
Ddng chinh
Iri
a
cac
nitdc lu bdn
chii
nghia, Bdn tin Thdng tin
Chfnh tri hgc, so
15/2003.
4.
Chu Thj Nhuan, Su dnh hudng
cua
cdc ddng chinh tri den chinh the nhd nudc
mot sd qudc gia
phuomg
Tiiy,
Tap chf Nghien
ciiu
Chau Au,
s6
4 (70)/2006.
5.
Luang Van Ke. Phucmg thuc
cdm
quyen cua cdc chinh ddng phuang Tdy,
Thdng tin chuyen de, Vien TTKH. Hpc vien
Chfnh trj - Hdnh chinh quoc gia Hd Chf
Minh,

s6
1/2010.
6. Tdi lieu Hgi thdo "Td chirc vd
hogt
dpng
ciia
ddng ddn chu xd hpi qua kinh
nghiem cua
Due,
Thuy Dien.
.Anh ",
do Hpc
vien Chfnh trj Hdnh chinh qudc gia Hd Chi
Minh vd Vien FES
16
chiic. Ha Npi 11-
12/10/2011.
7 Bill Jones & Dennis Kavanagh,
British politics today, Manchester University
Press,
1998
8. Dennis Kavanagh, British Politics -
Continuities and Change, Oxford University
Press,
2000.
9. David Butler and Gareth Butler,
Thwentieth-Century
British Political Facts
1900-2000, Macmiland Press, London 2000.
10.

Paul Webb, The Modern British
Party System, SAGE Publications Ltd 2000.